This document provides a synopsis for implementing Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in MATLAB. The objectives are to implement the physical layer of Long Term Evolution (LTE) using SC-FDMA and OFDMA and investigate efficiency in terms of peak-to-average power ratio and bit error rate. SC-FDMA is used for uplink and OFDMA is used for downlink in LTE. Simulation results from implementing the techniques in MATLAB will evaluate efficiency based on modulation order, bit error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio. The document outlines related work, expected results, and conclusions regarding LTE physical layer

1. SYNOPSIS ON
IMPLMENTING SC-FDMA
AND OFDMA IN MATLAB
Submitted by
MURTADHA ALI NSAIF SHUKUR
(M.Tech(ECE) 3rd sem.) 2nd year
ROLL NO.11127232
Submitted To
DR. Kuldip Pahwa
Er. Ankur singhal

2. Contents
 Aim & Objective.
 Motivation.
 Introduction.
 LTE Evolution & LTE Specification.
 Application Of LTE.
 Related Work.
 Expected Result.
 Conclusion.
 References.

3. Aim & Objective
• To implement LTE physical layer using OFDMA and SC-FDMA in
Matlab.
• The main objective is to implement the OFDMA and SC-FDMA
and to investigate its efficiency in terms of peak-to-average power
ratio (PAPR) and bit error rate (BER).
• PAPR(peak-to-average power ratio) : Ratio between peak power to
average power, higher order modulations increase PAPR in SC -
FDMA and decrease PAPR in OFDMA.
• BER(Bit error rate) : is the number of bit errors divided by the total
number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. BER is a
unit less performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.

4. Motivation
• LTE has introduced a number of new technologies when compared
to the previous cellular systems. These technologies enable LTE to
be able to operate more efficiently with respect to the use of
spectrum, and also to provide the much higher data rates.
• OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access): is used
in the downlink
• SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access): is
used in the uplink
• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna: is uses multiple
antennas to make use of reflected signals to provide gains in channel
robustness and throughput, high speed because transfer the data will
be on the parallel .

5. INTRODUCTION
• LTE (Long Term Evolution) Technology, An organization known
International Telegraph Union (ITU) (presently, International
Telecommunication Union), The world's first publicly available LTE
service was launched in Stockholm and Oslo on December
14, 2009. LTE is the natural upgrade path for carriers with both
GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA networks such as Verizon Wireless.
• ITU has been involved in developing global standards; an organization
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
• LTE radio transmission and reception specifications are documented in
TS 36.101 for the UE (User Equipment) and TS 36.104 for the eNB
(Evolved Node B). Frequency band (1920-1980 and 2110-2170) MHZ
• LTE is capable of supporting up to 1Giga Bits per second (1Gbps) for
fixed user and up to 100 Mega Bits per second (100 Mbps) for high
speed user of LTE systems is the advancement in physical layer.

6. LTE Evolution
Table ( 1 ) : Comparison Of Parameters ( UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ and LTE ).

7. LTE Specification
Table ( 2 ) : Specification of LTE.

8. SC-FDMA& OFDMA AND MIMO
Figure (1): LTE uplink and downlink and MIMO antenna

9. Application of LTE
• Public safety .
• Camera in traffic light.
• LTE in the car.
• VoLTE( voice over LTE) and VoIP (Voice over IP).
• high data rates /user throughput.
• Video conferencing.
• Video on demand.
• Mobile TV.
• Location-based services and Global Positioning System(GPS).
• Improved spectrum efficiency ( unicast as well as broadcast).
• Spectrum flexibility.
• Satellite communication.
• Military communication.

10. Related Work
• Chapter 1: Introduction: This Chapter presents an overview of LTE
system along with its key constituents and benefits. It also lists the
motivation to undertake research on implementing LTE physical layer
using OFDMA and SC-FDMA.
• Chapter 2: Review of Long Term Evolution: This Chapter presents
a review of research related to implementing LTE physical layer using
OFDMA and SC-FDMA.
• Chapter 3: SC-FCDMA & OF-DMA in LTE Physical Layer: This
Chapter gives the details of research methodology and design approach
used to implement LTE physical layer using OFDMA and SC-FDMA.
• Chapter 4: Design & Simulation Results: This Chapter presents the
results of approach mentioned in Chapter 3 to implement LTE physical
layer using OFDMA and SC-FDMA. By using Matlab program, Finally,
this Chapter ends presenting the summary of main conclusions drawn.

11. • Expected Result
LTE Technology is expected to improve spectral efficiency in 3G
networks, allowing carriers to provide more data and voice services
over a given bandwidth, high speed data rate, high voice quality,
global mobility based on digital radio signal and also it has robust
security than 2G and 2.5G.
• Conclusion
BER is the key parameter for indicating the system performance of
any data link. In our research we analyze that for a fix value of SNR,
the BER increases for high order modulation (16-QAM and 64-
QAM) in both the multiple access techniques (OFDMA and SC-
FDMA) used in LTE system. On the other hand, the lower order
modulation schemes (BPSK and QPSK) experience less BER at
receiver thus lower order modulations improve the system
performance in terms of BER and SNR.

12. References
• U. Sorger, I. De Broeck, and M. Schnell, “Interleaved FDMA-a new spread-spectrum multiple-access scheme”,
Communications, 1998. ICC 98. Conference Record. 1998 IEEE International Conference on, 2002, pp. 1013–
1017.
• N. Arshad, M.A. Jamal, Dur E. Tabish & S. Saleen, “Effect of Wireless Channel Parameters on Performance of
Turbo Codes”, Advances in Electrical Engineering Systems (AEES), IEEE, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 129-134, 2012.
• H.G. Myung and D.J. Goodman, “Single carrier FDMA: a new air interface for long term evolution,” Wireless
Communications And Mobile Computing, 2008, pp. 198.
• 3GPP TS 25.814, “Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved ,Universal Terrestrial Radio-Access (UTRA),” IEEE, pp.
104–177,, Rel. 7.
• K. Kim, Y. Han, and S. Kim, “Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Systems,” IEEE
Commun.Lett., vol. 9, June 2005, pp.526–28.
• H. G. Myung, J. Lim, and J. Goodman, "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of Single Carrier FDMA Signals with
Pulse Shaping," The 17th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications (PIMRC'06), pp. 1-5, Sep. 2006.
• H. G. Myung, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission," IEEE
Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 30-38, Sep. 2006.
• J. Li, Y. Du, and Y. Liu, "Comparison of Spectral Efficiency for OFDM and SC-FDE under IEEE 802.16
Scenario," Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'06), 2006
,pp.89-95.
• S. G. Wilson, M. Brandt-Pierce, Q. Cao, and J. Levesque, “Free-space optical MIMO communication with Q-ary
PPM,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, pp. 1402–1412, Aug. 2005.
• J. Lim et al., “Channel-Dependent Scheduling of Uplink Single Carrier FDMA Systems,” IEEE Proc. VTC, Sept.
2006, pp. 1–5.

13. THANK
YOU