Swimming is a competitive sport involving four major strokes - freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly - performed in pools or open water. It has a long history dating back thousands of years and is one of the most popular Olympic sports. Competitive swimming involves various individual and relay events across distances. Proper technique, including skills like kicking, floating, breathing, and stroke coordination are fundamentals for swimmers. Swimming provides health benefits like cardiovascular fitness but also carries injury risks like shoulder and knee problems if not done correctly.

1. Swimming
 Gohil Shailesh
Mo. 9033709610
saileshgohil333@gmail.com

2. About
Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of
one's entire body to move through water. The sport takes place in pools or open
water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is one of the most
popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events
in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition
to these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or
medley relay. A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a
different stroke, ordered as backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle.

3. History
 Evidence of recreational swimming in prehistoric times has been found, with the earliest evidence dating
to Stone Age paintings from around 10,000 years ago
 Written references date from 2000 BC, with some of the earliest
references to swimming including the Iliad, the Odyssey,
the Bible, Beowulf, the Quran and others. In 1538, Nikolaus
Wynmann, a Swiss–German professor of languages, wrote the
earliest known complete book about swimming, Colymbetes, sive de
arte natandi dialogus et festivus et iucundus lectu (The Swimmer, or A
Dialogue on the Art of Swimming and Joyful and Pleasant to Read)
 Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity in
the 1830s in England. In 1828, the first indoor swimming pool,
St George's Baths was opened to the public.

4. Swimming in India
 The Swimming Federation of India (SFI) is the national governing body for aquatic sports in
India. Founded in 1948, Headquarters at Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
 The SFI currently oversees competition in the sports of swimming, masters
swimming, synchronized swimming, diving, high diving, and water polo. It is affiliated to FINA and
the Asia Swimming Federation (ASF).

5. Open Water
In open water swimming, where the events are swum in a body of
open water (lake or sea), there are also 5 km, 10 km and 25 km events for
men and women. However, only the 10 km event is included in the Olympic
schedule, again for both men and women. Open-water competitions are
typically separate to other swimming competitions with the exception of the
World Championships and the Olympics.
Captain Matthew was the first man to swim the English
Channel (between England and France), in 1875. Using the breaststroke
technique, he swam the channel 21.26 miles (34.21 km) in 21 hours and 45
minutes. His feat was not replicated or surpassed for the next 36 years, until
T.W. Burgess made the crossing in 1911.

6. Swim Styles
In competitive swimming, four major styles have been established. These have been
relatively stable over the last 30–40 years with minor improvements. They are:
 Butterfly
 Backstroke
 Breaststroke
 Freestyle
Since the 1990s, the most drastic change in swimming has been
the addition of the underwater dolphin kick. This is used to maximize
the speed at the start and after the turns in all styles.
 Dolphin Kick

7. Competition Pool
World Championship pools must be 50 meters (160 ft) long and 25 meters (82 ft) wide, with ten lanes
labeled zero to nine (or one to ten in some pools; zero and nine (or one and ten) are usually left empty in semi-
finals and finals); the lanes must be at least 2.5 meters wide. They will be equipped with starting blocks at both
ends of the pool and most will have Automatic Officiating Equipment, including touch pads to record times and
sensors to ensure the legality of relay takeovers. The pool must have a minimum depth of two meters.

8. Basic Fundamental Skills
 Kicking is another important skill to learn if you want to master swimming.
Kicking helps your body to move in the forward direction. Many swimming coaches
use kickboards to support swimmer's body.
 Before you start kicking and stroking, first learn to float in the water. Floating
helps you to get used to the habit of moving through water properly. Floating helps
to keep your body on the surface of the water.
 This is a frequently overlooked basic skill, but it is an important one. If are not
comfortable breathing while swimming, you won't be able to enjoy it completely
and learn new things. The basic idea is that you need to breathe out with both
your nose and mouth when your head is underwater. Then when you lift your
head to the side take a full breath before putting your face back down.
Kicking:
Floating:
Breathing:

9. Basic Fundamental Skills
Co-ordination:  In swimming, all your body parts should be well co-ordinated with each other.
You must be able to move the muscles of your lower back, abdomen, and hips in a
synchronized way to keep moving forward. Your hands should move and cut through
the water first, followed by your elbow and then your body should make way through
the water.
Strokes:  Now that you know how to float and kick, it is time to learn some strokes.
Strokes are the arm movements that help to pull the body through the water. The
front crawl, sidestroke, backstroke, and butterfly are some of the common swimming
strokes.

10. Officials
 There are several types of officials, which are needed to manage the competition.
 Referee:
 Starter:
 Clerk of course:
 Timekeepers:
 Inspectors of turns:
 Judges of Stroke:
 Finish judges:

11. Swimwear
 Swimsuit  Swim cap
 Goggles Drag suit
 Hand paddles
 Kickboard

12. Swimwear
 Swim Fins
Pull buoy
 Ankle bands
 Snorkel
 Tempo trainer
 Zoomers

13. Events
 FINA currently recognizes world records in the following events for both
men and women.
 Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m
 Backstroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
 Breaststroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
 Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
 Individual medley: 100 m (short course only), 200 m, 400 m
 Relays: 4×50 m freestyle relay (short course only), 4×100 m freestyle, 4×200 m
freestyle, 4×50 m medley relay (short course only), 4×100 m medley
 Mixed relays (teams of two men and two women): 4×50 m mixed freestyle (short
course only), 4×100 m mixed freestyle (long course only), 4×50 m mixed medley (short
course only), 4×100 m mixed medley (long course only)

14. Heath Benefits
 Keeps your heart rate up but takes some of the impact stress off your
body
 Builds endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness
 Helps maintain a healthy weight, healthy heart and lungs
 Tones muscles and builds strength
 Provides an all-over body workout, as nearly all of your muscles are
used during swimming.

15. Common Injury
 The rotator cuff in the
shoulder is most susceptible to
injury in swimmers
 Another common injury is
breaststroke knee, also known as
swimmer's knee. This injury is
caused by the kicking movement
used while swimming
breaststroke.
 The best way to prevent injury is catching the issue early. Typically, poor technique and over
excessive use of the muscle group can be the primary causes of injury. Through communication
between swimmers, coaches, parents, and medical professionals, any issue can be diagnosed
prior to a serious injury. Additionally, proper warm-up stretches, and strength training exercises
should be completed before any rigorous movements.

16. Thank You