Deals about the cultivation practice of Sweet pepper

1. Bijay Shrestha
Solanaceous Fruit Vegetable Crops
Sweet Pepper

2. Fruit Vegetable Crops
English Name Nepali Name Scientific Name Family
Tomato गोलभेडा Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae
Chilli पिरो खुर्ाानी Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae
Eggplant भान्टा Solanum melongena Solanaceae
Sweet Pepper भेडे खुर्ाानी Capsicum annum Solanaceae
Okra पभिंडी Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae

3. Capsicum/Sweet pepper

4. INTRODUCTION
 Scientific Name- Capsicum annum
 Family- Solanaceae
 English Name- Capsicum, Bell pepper, Sweet pepper
 Nepali Name- भेडे खुर्ाानी, पर्म्ला पिर्ची
 Only member of the pepper family that does not produce capsaicin
 Important vegetable crops well adapted to temperate to tropical region
 Originated in Mexico and CentralAmerica
 Its fruit has got different color; green, red, yellow
 Green capsicum is grown in Nepal

5. Uses
 Very nutritious fruit vegetable
 Highly rich in vitamin A and C
 Contains minerals like Ca, Mg, P, K, etc
 Its consumption protects from the cold, respiratory problems and cancer
 Capsanthin is the main carotenoid in red bell pepper which gives them
red color
 Reduces risk of anemia
 Used as fresh vegetables
 Used to prepare various dishes like chicken chili, chicken, buff and
pickles

6. Climate and Soil Requirement
 Climate:
A day neutral warm season crop
Can not tolerate high temperature like chili
Night and day temperature of 18 and 25°C respectively increases the size
and fruit numbers
If night temperature is below 8°C, then the fruit becomes seedless or has
less number of seeds.
Short days (8-10hours) increases the vegetative growth and fruit count
Low RH during flower is detrimental to the buds, flowers and upcoming
fruits.
 Soil:
Can be cultivated in various types of soil
Grows best in sandy and loamy soil with adequate amount of organic
matters
Requires slightly acidic soil with pH range 6.0 to 6.5

7. Variety
1. Californe
 Open pollinated variety, fruits are dark green
 Plant height is 110cm and fruits can be harvested 80-90 DAT.
 Recommended forTerai, mid hills and high hills
 Aka CaliforniaWonder
 Yield- 16-20ton per ha
2. Sagar
 Open pollinated variety with plant height of 100cm
 75-80ton per ha yield can be harvested after 65-75 DAT.
 Recommended forTerai and mid hills
3. NS 632
 Hybrid variety with plant height of 90-100cm
 44-50ton per ha yield can be harvested after 65DAT
 Recommended forTerai and mid hills

8. Land preparation and Manure Application
 Land Preparation:
2-3 deep ploughing along with clearing the weeds and crop debris
Soil should be well pulverized and well levelled
For winter, the transplanting bed should be made 90 cm which can
accommodate 2 rows
For rainy season, the transplanting bed should be made 45cm which can
accommodate only one row
 Manure Application:
1500 kg per ropani of well decomposed FYM or compost manure
To supplement the FYM, apply 8 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of DAP and 5kg of
MOP per ropani.
Apply all manure and fertilizer except half dose of nitrogen before bed
preparation.
Apply half of the remaining 4kg of urea as top dressing after 45 days of
transplanting (2kg) and other 2kg after the initiation of flowering

9. Seed and seedling transplanting
 For one ropani of land required seedling is prepared by using only 50-
75gm of seeds.
 General principle of seedling preparation is followed which includes
preparation nursery bed, sowing and seedling hardening.
 When the seedling becomes 8-10cm high and acquires 4-5 true leaves
then it becomes ready to be transplanted.
 Days required for seedling preparation is 40-45 days after sowing.
 Before transplanting the seedling bed should be well moistened so as
there will be less shock to roots during uprooting.
 Transplanting is done at evening time.
 While transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted in spacing of 45cm
R-R and 30cm P-P.

10. Time for sowing, transplanting, and harvesting
 Inside plastic tunnel, capsicum can be cultivated twice a year.
 Plastic house is generally used in mid hills of Nepal for this process.
Area Sowing and transplanting Harvesting
Mid hills 600–2,000m
(In a plastic house)
First week of Chaitra
Second week of Shrawan
Jestha-Asar
Kartik- Mangsir
Low hill basins and mid
hills 300–2,000 m
(spring crop)
Magh-Falgun Baishak-Asar
Terai and innerTerai up
to 300 m (winter crop)
Bhadra-Asoj Kartik-Falgun

11. Irrigation, Weeding
 Irrigation is necessary right after transplanting
 For the next 7 days after transplanting, light irrigation should be done
depending upon season and soil moisture content.
 In winter, irrigation should done every 10-15 days and in summer, it
should be done every 7-10days.
 Weeding should be done 4-5 days after irrigation.
 1-2 weeding should be done before top dressing of urea.
 All the weeds should be uprooted and removed from the field.
 Depending upon the field, the weeding should be done, generally during
time of top dressings of urea.

12. Harvesting and Yield
 Harvesting can be started from 60-90 DAT depending upon the variety
and climatic condition.
 Harvesting can be done up to 10-15 times from a single plant.
 Yield- 800-1100kg per ropani for open pollinated and 1000-1500kg per
ropani for hybrid.
Regarding D/s and Pests, it is similar to the chili.

13. Thank You