Sweden has a highly developed social democratic welfare state and constitutional monarchy. It has transitioned from an agricultural to a knowledge economy focused on biotechnology, telecommunications, medical technology, banking, and pharmaceuticals. Sweden has a very high human development index and ranks highly on measures of quality of life, education, health, and gender equality. It has a skilled workforce and strong economic institutions that have supported steady economic growth and rising living standards in recent decades.
It’s difficult to fit a country into a brochure as small as this. This is an attempt to boil down Sweden to ten vital facts. Discover how large Sweden is in relation to its small population, that the Equality Ombudsman is sort of king and that Midsummer is a serious matter of fun and games.
Australia is an island continent located in Oceania between the Indian and South Pacific oceans. It has 6 states and 2 major mainland territories and uses the Australian dollar as currency. Australia has a population of friendly people and a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters. Notable Australian cuisine includes seafood like Sydney rock oysters, barramundi fish, and bugs, as well as wines, beers, and macadamia nuts. Shopping is popular with markets and stores found in major cities.
Sweden has a population of over 9 million people who are predominantly Lutheran. The country has a parliamentary democracy and mandatory education from ages 7 to 16. Spain's population is over 46 million, most of whom are Catholic. Spain also has a parliamentary monarchy and provides free education from ages 6 to 16. Both countries have seen immigration increases in recent decades, with over 1 million foreign-born residents in Sweden and 6 million in Spain.
Sweden is a Scandinavian country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 9.7 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Swedish is the official language and Lutheran Christianity is the dominant religion, though Islam is the second largest. Healthcare and education are both highly developed. Swedish cuisine features fish, meat, potatoes and dairy. The climate varies from oceanic in the south to subarctic in the north. Four main television channels and newspapers dominate media, and Swedes are generally reserved in public. Handshakes are used for greetings and women have a strong presence in the workforce.
Sweden has four distinct seasons and a climate that varies from north to south. Summers are warm with up to 20 hours of sunlight in the north, while winters are cold and dark. Over the past century, Sweden transformed from a poor, agrarian nation to one of the richest countries in the world through industrialization and global trade. Today, Sweden has a strong social welfare system and ranks highly in measures of gender equality, environmental protection, and quality of life.
Sweden has a population of 9.48 million people who predominantly follow Lutheranism. Power is derived from the people through a unicameral parliament called the Riksdag, which has 349 members elected every four years. The economy relies on timber, hydropower, and iron ore exports, though it experienced a recession in 2008-2009. Some famous Swedes include Ingrid Bergman and Alfred Nobel, who founded the Nobel Prize.
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 9.5 million people who predominantly speak Swedish. The majority religion is Lutheran Christianity. Sweden has a highly developed economy focused on foreign trade and industry. It also has a long coastline and thousands of lakes, with the environment and sustainability being highly important cultural values.
This document provides demographic information about Norway and El Salvador. It discusses Norway's geography, history, government, economy, population trends, fertility rates, life expectancy, immigration patterns, and levels of urbanization. Some key points are that Norway has a very high standard of living and HDI ranking, with a population that is aging but not as rapidly as other European countries. Immigration accounts for about 11% of Norway's population. The document also summarizes El Salvador's geography, history of political instability, and population growth trends. It notes El Salvador had a civil war from 1980-1992 and currently has a population of around 6.2 million people.
It’s difficult to fit a country into a brochure as small as this. This is an attempt to boil down Sweden to ten vital facts. Discover how large Sweden is in relation to its small population, that the Equality Ombudsman is sort of king and that Midsummer is a serious matter of fun and games.
Australia is an island continent located in Oceania between the Indian and South Pacific oceans. It has 6 states and 2 major mainland territories and uses the Australian dollar as currency. Australia has a population of friendly people and a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters. Notable Australian cuisine includes seafood like Sydney rock oysters, barramundi fish, and bugs, as well as wines, beers, and macadamia nuts. Shopping is popular with markets and stores found in major cities.
Sweden has a population of over 9 million people who are predominantly Lutheran. The country has a parliamentary democracy and mandatory education from ages 7 to 16. Spain's population is over 46 million, most of whom are Catholic. Spain also has a parliamentary monarchy and provides free education from ages 6 to 16. Both countries have seen immigration increases in recent decades, with over 1 million foreign-born residents in Sweden and 6 million in Spain.
Sweden is a Scandinavian country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 9.7 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Swedish is the official language and Lutheran Christianity is the dominant religion, though Islam is the second largest. Healthcare and education are both highly developed. Swedish cuisine features fish, meat, potatoes and dairy. The climate varies from oceanic in the south to subarctic in the north. Four main television channels and newspapers dominate media, and Swedes are generally reserved in public. Handshakes are used for greetings and women have a strong presence in the workforce.
Sweden has four distinct seasons and a climate that varies from north to south. Summers are warm with up to 20 hours of sunlight in the north, while winters are cold and dark. Over the past century, Sweden transformed from a poor, agrarian nation to one of the richest countries in the world through industrialization and global trade. Today, Sweden has a strong social welfare system and ranks highly in measures of gender equality, environmental protection, and quality of life.
Sweden has a population of 9.48 million people who predominantly follow Lutheranism. Power is derived from the people through a unicameral parliament called the Riksdag, which has 349 members elected every four years. The economy relies on timber, hydropower, and iron ore exports, though it experienced a recession in 2008-2009. Some famous Swedes include Ingrid Bergman and Alfred Nobel, who founded the Nobel Prize.
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 9.5 million people who predominantly speak Swedish. The majority religion is Lutheran Christianity. Sweden has a highly developed economy focused on foreign trade and industry. It also has a long coastline and thousands of lakes, with the environment and sustainability being highly important cultural values.
This document provides demographic information about Norway and El Salvador. It discusses Norway's geography, history, government, economy, population trends, fertility rates, life expectancy, immigration patterns, and levels of urbanization. Some key points are that Norway has a very high standard of living and HDI ranking, with a population that is aging but not as rapidly as other European countries. Immigration accounts for about 11% of Norway's population. The document also summarizes El Salvador's geography, history of political instability, and population growth trends. It notes El Salvador had a civil war from 1980-1992 and currently has a population of around 6.2 million people.
The document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It discusses the population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. The key details provided include that the UK has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, Russia has a federal republic government, Germany has a federal republic government with a chancellor and president, and Italy has a democratic government with multiple political parties that sometimes work together.
The document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It discusses the population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. The key details provided include that the UK has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, Russia has a federal republic government, Germany has a federal republic government with a chancellor and president, and Italy has a democratic government with multiple political parties that sometimes work together.
This document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It includes details about the location, population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. People may be attracted to certain regions based on factors like climate, landscape, economic opportunities, and quality of life offered by each country and region.
Norway has a population of around 5 million people with Oslo as its capital and largest city. Norwegian is the official language and the country uses the Norwegian krone as its currency. Norway has a constitutional monarchy government with the Prime Minister as head of government appointed by the King. Around 86% of Norwegians belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Norway has a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy system of government. The King is the head of state, while executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and cabinet. Legislative power is shared between the government and the Storting (parliament). The current King is Harald V, and the Prime Minister is Jens Stoltenberg of the Labour Party. Other notable political figures mentioned include Dag Terje Andersen, the President of the Storting, and Tore Schei, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The document provided details on Norway's system of government and some key political leaders.
The document provides a PESTEL analysis of Australia covering the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal environments. Politically, Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliamentary democracy. Economically, Australia has a highly developed free market economy and is the world's 13th largest economy. Socially, English is the primary language and Christianity is the dominant religion. Technologically, Australia has a well-developed ICT infrastructure and invests heavily in research and development. Environmentally, Australia has significant biodiversity but also faces threats from issues like climate change and species conservation. Legally, Australia has a common law system based on English law with an independent judiciary.
Sweden has a population of around 9 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. It has a constitutional monarchy government with a prime minister as head of government and a king as the highest authority. The dominant religion is Lutheran Christianity, which became the official religion in the 16th century. The economy is based on free enterprise, exports, and social welfare programs funded by high taxes. Key industries include agriculture, forestry, and mining of iron ore.
Environmental analysis of Australia viz- Social, technological and global env...Sunny Gandhi
a detailed analysis on Australian society people, change with technology in australia, consumerism and consumer protection in Australia and effect of globalization on Australia.
Iceland was originally settled by Norse and Celtic immigrants in the 9th-10th centuries AD. It established the world's oldest existing legislative assembly, the Althingi, in 930 AD. Iceland gained independence from Norway and Denmark in the early 20th century. The island's economy depends highly on industries like fishing and tourism. Iceland has a unitary parliamentary republic government and is known for its natural beauty, literacy rate, and Nordic social policies.
The document discusses the evolution of the web and technology from Web 1.0 to 2.0 to 3.0. Web 1.0 focused on connecting information through hyperlinks and searchability, while Web 2.0 emphasized connecting people through social networks and user-generated content. Web 3.0 aims to develop the semantic web through linking users based on similar interests and forming online communities. The document also addresses changes in various industries like music, movies, publishing due to new digital technologies and the importance of intellectual property in the digital age.
The document is a user guide for the Salesboss app, which allows businesses to manage sales, payments, stock, and other operations. It provides instructions on how to download the app, register a business, add products and staff, make sales and receive payments, manage inventory, and configure business and user settings. The guide is organized into sections on getting started, setting up a business, running business operations, and managing the business and user accounts.
Workforce Investment Works is a national communications campaign that showcases the value of the WIA workforce investment system. Get connected now to the campaign if you are part of this system.
Extincion animal en el Ecuador, un problema de todos.estefy14
El documento contiene información sobre diversas especies de animales y plantas de Ecuador. Presenta datos sobre el hábitat, amenazas y estado de conservación de cada especie, como el cóndor andino, el jaguar, el pingüino de Galápagos, el delfín rosado y el tiburón ballena. También incluye enlaces a perfiles de Facebook.
Revista de conductores de media y baja tensionmanuel0025
El documento proporciona información sobre diferentes tipos de conductores eléctricos. Explica que los conductores son materiales que permiten el paso de la corriente eléctrica y que los mejores son los metales como el cobre, aluminio, oro e hierro. Luego describe varios tipos comunes de conductores, incluyendo sus características y usos.
This document discusses challenges related to integrating Web 2.0 technologies with security architectures. It notes that the rise of platforms, mashups, user-centric identities, and other Web 2.0 trends have increased complexity and integration issues. Old security mechanisms may be insufficient or counterproductive for addressing risks introduced by casual data sharing, syndication, and the "writable web". The document argues that reducing complexity through decoupling and applying old security principles with awareness of new technologies is needed.
This document provides instructions for using the FinSAS spreadsheet to analyze financial statements. FinSAS allows users to input financial data from statements and notes. It then calculates common financial ratios to analyze the statements. The document explains how to enter data on the input sheet and view the resulting vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and different ratio calculations sheets. It also provides a documentation sheet defining the ratios.
THINK UX - WHAT, WHERE, HOW we are creating it rightPatrick Klug
On the fact that everyone is in charge of user experience and that we creating experiences and not products after all. In this context, looking into the "usual" service development process what "UX is everywhere" means. Rounded up by three things to apply and 4 take aways.
From my speech at the World Usability Congress 2013 (Graz, Austria).
Nota pública gajop 28 de maio 2012 comissão estadual da memória e verdadeJamildo Melo
O GAJOP parabeniza o governo de Pernambuco pela escolha dos membros da Comissão Estadual da Memória e Verdade Dom Hélder Câmara. A comissão é importante para preservar a verdade sobre violações de direitos humanos durante a ditadura e apurar crimes contra pernambucanos. O GAJOP espera que a comissão realize seu trabalho de forma isenta para esclarecer os fatos históricos do período da ditadura civil-militar.
This document outlines the schedule for three terms of a sports academy program held on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It includes activities such as orientation, coaching, fitness testing, guest speakers, excursions, and topics like nutrition, injury rehabilitation, and drugs in sport. The schedule varies between terms but maintains a consistent structure of activities over multiple weeks for each term.
Portafolio digital damariks mateus galeanodcpe2014
Este documento presenta un proyecto para fortalecer la competencia ciudadana de convivencia y paz en una escuela rural a través de la educación física y las TIC. El proyecto busca implementar actividades grupales e interactivas y generar recursos sobre dilemas morales. Los objetivos son mejorar la interacción entre estudiantes y fortalecer los valores ciudadanos a través de reflexiones y juegos cooperativos utilizando sitios web y el programa Movie Maker.
The document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It discusses the population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. The key details provided include that the UK has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, Russia has a federal republic government, Germany has a federal republic government with a chancellor and president, and Italy has a democratic government with multiple political parties that sometimes work together.
The document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It discusses the population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. The key details provided include that the UK has a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, Russia has a federal republic government, Germany has a federal republic government with a chancellor and president, and Italy has a democratic government with multiple political parties that sometimes work together.
This document provides information about 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Italy. It includes details about the location, population, languages, government, climate, and natural resources of each country. People may be attracted to certain regions based on factors like climate, landscape, economic opportunities, and quality of life offered by each country and region.
Norway has a population of around 5 million people with Oslo as its capital and largest city. Norwegian is the official language and the country uses the Norwegian krone as its currency. Norway has a constitutional monarchy government with the Prime Minister as head of government appointed by the King. Around 86% of Norwegians belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Norway has a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy system of government. The King is the head of state, while executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and cabinet. Legislative power is shared between the government and the Storting (parliament). The current King is Harald V, and the Prime Minister is Jens Stoltenberg of the Labour Party. Other notable political figures mentioned include Dag Terje Andersen, the President of the Storting, and Tore Schei, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The document provided details on Norway's system of government and some key political leaders.
The document provides a PESTEL analysis of Australia covering the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal environments. Politically, Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliamentary democracy. Economically, Australia has a highly developed free market economy and is the world's 13th largest economy. Socially, English is the primary language and Christianity is the dominant religion. Technologically, Australia has a well-developed ICT infrastructure and invests heavily in research and development. Environmentally, Australia has significant biodiversity but also faces threats from issues like climate change and species conservation. Legally, Australia has a common law system based on English law with an independent judiciary.
Sweden has a population of around 9 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. It has a constitutional monarchy government with a prime minister as head of government and a king as the highest authority. The dominant religion is Lutheran Christianity, which became the official religion in the 16th century. The economy is based on free enterprise, exports, and social welfare programs funded by high taxes. Key industries include agriculture, forestry, and mining of iron ore.
Environmental analysis of Australia viz- Social, technological and global env...Sunny Gandhi
a detailed analysis on Australian society people, change with technology in australia, consumerism and consumer protection in Australia and effect of globalization on Australia.
Iceland was originally settled by Norse and Celtic immigrants in the 9th-10th centuries AD. It established the world's oldest existing legislative assembly, the Althingi, in 930 AD. Iceland gained independence from Norway and Denmark in the early 20th century. The island's economy depends highly on industries like fishing and tourism. Iceland has a unitary parliamentary republic government and is known for its natural beauty, literacy rate, and Nordic social policies.
The document discusses the evolution of the web and technology from Web 1.0 to 2.0 to 3.0. Web 1.0 focused on connecting information through hyperlinks and searchability, while Web 2.0 emphasized connecting people through social networks and user-generated content. Web 3.0 aims to develop the semantic web through linking users based on similar interests and forming online communities. The document also addresses changes in various industries like music, movies, publishing due to new digital technologies and the importance of intellectual property in the digital age.
The document is a user guide for the Salesboss app, which allows businesses to manage sales, payments, stock, and other operations. It provides instructions on how to download the app, register a business, add products and staff, make sales and receive payments, manage inventory, and configure business and user settings. The guide is organized into sections on getting started, setting up a business, running business operations, and managing the business and user accounts.
Workforce Investment Works is a national communications campaign that showcases the value of the WIA workforce investment system. Get connected now to the campaign if you are part of this system.
Extincion animal en el Ecuador, un problema de todos.estefy14
El documento contiene información sobre diversas especies de animales y plantas de Ecuador. Presenta datos sobre el hábitat, amenazas y estado de conservación de cada especie, como el cóndor andino, el jaguar, el pingüino de Galápagos, el delfín rosado y el tiburón ballena. También incluye enlaces a perfiles de Facebook.
Revista de conductores de media y baja tensionmanuel0025
El documento proporciona información sobre diferentes tipos de conductores eléctricos. Explica que los conductores son materiales que permiten el paso de la corriente eléctrica y que los mejores son los metales como el cobre, aluminio, oro e hierro. Luego describe varios tipos comunes de conductores, incluyendo sus características y usos.
This document discusses challenges related to integrating Web 2.0 technologies with security architectures. It notes that the rise of platforms, mashups, user-centric identities, and other Web 2.0 trends have increased complexity and integration issues. Old security mechanisms may be insufficient or counterproductive for addressing risks introduced by casual data sharing, syndication, and the "writable web". The document argues that reducing complexity through decoupling and applying old security principles with awareness of new technologies is needed.
This document provides instructions for using the FinSAS spreadsheet to analyze financial statements. FinSAS allows users to input financial data from statements and notes. It then calculates common financial ratios to analyze the statements. The document explains how to enter data on the input sheet and view the resulting vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and different ratio calculations sheets. It also provides a documentation sheet defining the ratios.
THINK UX - WHAT, WHERE, HOW we are creating it rightPatrick Klug
On the fact that everyone is in charge of user experience and that we creating experiences and not products after all. In this context, looking into the "usual" service development process what "UX is everywhere" means. Rounded up by three things to apply and 4 take aways.
From my speech at the World Usability Congress 2013 (Graz, Austria).
Nota pública gajop 28 de maio 2012 comissão estadual da memória e verdadeJamildo Melo
O GAJOP parabeniza o governo de Pernambuco pela escolha dos membros da Comissão Estadual da Memória e Verdade Dom Hélder Câmara. A comissão é importante para preservar a verdade sobre violações de direitos humanos durante a ditadura e apurar crimes contra pernambucanos. O GAJOP espera que a comissão realize seu trabalho de forma isenta para esclarecer os fatos históricos do período da ditadura civil-militar.
This document outlines the schedule for three terms of a sports academy program held on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It includes activities such as orientation, coaching, fitness testing, guest speakers, excursions, and topics like nutrition, injury rehabilitation, and drugs in sport. The schedule varies between terms but maintains a consistent structure of activities over multiple weeks for each term.
Portafolio digital damariks mateus galeanodcpe2014
Este documento presenta un proyecto para fortalecer la competencia ciudadana de convivencia y paz en una escuela rural a través de la educación física y las TIC. El proyecto busca implementar actividades grupales e interactivas y generar recursos sobre dilemas morales. Los objetivos son mejorar la interacción entre estudiantes y fortalecer los valores ciudadanos a través de reflexiones y juegos cooperativos utilizando sitios web y el programa Movie Maker.
Designing with giant pictures requires considering how images will look and function at different sizes, which image layers will move or stay static, and ensuring close collaboration between designers and developers. Key factors include how images will scale or respond across devices, providing subtle navigation cues, and clear communication with clients about large image sizes and their technical implications.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, and help manage conditions like depression and anxiety. Exercise is also praised for its ability to boost energy levels, improve mood, and enhance cognitive function.
Geography and History of Sweden
Sweden is the fourth largest European country with a total area of 450,295 sq. kms. It is
physically located to the east of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Sweden slopes to the east and South
from Kjolen Mountains, bordering Norway with Kebnekaise as its highest point (about 2,123m).
Mountains and lakes characterize Northern Sweden while southern and eastern regions have
lowlands, with plains and fertile forestry valleys.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/academic-research-paper-on-sweden
There are a lot of reasons to take a closer look at Sweden. One of them is that it is a country of great natural beauty and wilderness. But Sweden is also at the front line of global issues such as equality, human rights and sustainability. Swedes are some of the world's fastest people at adapting to new trends and ideas, and, it seems, are constantly on the cusp of a groundbreaking innovation.
Written by two former Swedish expats, Sweden-Up North, Down to Earth gives an overall view of Sweden as it is today. It presents regular Swedes and astonishing Swedes, supercars and indie rock bands, vampires and royalty.
This document provides an overview of Sweden's nature, geography, climate, and national parks. It notes that Sweden has a varied landscape ranging from forests and farmland in the south to mountainous regions and Arctic tundra in the north. Despite being situated at northern latitudes, Sweden's climate is moderated by the Gulf Stream, though winters can still be very cold, especially in the north. It also describes Sweden's long periods of daylight in the summer and darkness in the winter, particularly in the northern regions above the Arctic Circle. The document highlights Sweden's nine national parks which were established early on to protect the country's natural scenery and cultural heritage.
Sweden is a Scandinavian country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 9.5 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a mostly flat landscape and over 85% of Swedes live in urban areas. It borders Norway and Finland and has a long coastline along the Baltic Sea. Sweden has a social democratic welfare system and a mixed economy focused on foreign trade and engineering. Swedish culture emphasizes egalitarianism, moderation, and respect for privacy and personal space.
An examination of the geography, culture, government, society, and demographics of the NORDIC COUNTRIES of NORWAY, FINLAND, ICELAND, SWEDEN, and DENMARK.
USA:
The US was originally founded by Englishmen, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Spanish,
Italians, Irish, and men from many different European cultures. America is known to have been
a very open society. We were a country of immigrants and welcomed people from around the
world who wanted to live freely. Many different religions have flourished in our land. We've
had a strong tradition of individual liberty and democracy. Our founding fathers believed that
we were created equal and that was written into our constitution. Today, the United States of
America is a vibrant nation of 300 million people who love their freedom. The United States
has been at the forefront of progressive thought since its inceptionUSA:
The US was originally founded by Englishmen, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Spanish,
Italians, Irish, and men from many different European cultures. America is known to have been
a very open society. We were a country of immigrants and welcomed people from around the
world who wanted to live freely. Many different religions have flourished in our land. We've
had a strong tradition of individual liberty and democracy. Our founding fathers believed that
we were created equal and that was written into our constitution. Today, the United States of
America is a vibrant nation of 300 million people who love their freedom. The United States
has been at the forefront of progressive thought since its inceptionUSA:
The US was originally founded by Englishmen, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Spanish,
Italians, Irish, and men from many different European cultures. America is known to have been
a very open society. We were a country of immigrants and welcomed people from around the
world who wanted to live freely. Many different religions have flourished in our land. We've
had a strong tradition of individual liberty and democracy. Our founding fathers believed that
we were created equal and that was written into our constitution. Today, the United States of
America is a vibrant nation of 300 million people who love their freedom. The United States
has been at the forefront of progressive thought since its inceptionUSA:
The US was originally founded by Englishmen, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Spanish,
Italians, Irish, and men from many different European cultures. America is known to have been
a very open society. We were a country of immigrants and welcomed people from around the
world who wanted to live freely. Many different religions have flourished in our land. We've
had a strong tradition of individual liberty and democracy. Our founding fathers believed that
we were created equal and that was written into our constitution. Today, the United States of
America is a vibrant nation of 300 million people who love their freedom. The United States
has been at the forefront of progressive thought since its inceptionUSA:
The US was originally founded by Englishmen, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Spa
Sweden has detailed laws and processes governing business and real estate. Real estate ownership is tied to registered property units overseen by the National Land Survey. Acquiring real estate requires a signed contract submitted for registration of title. Mortgages can also be registered against properties and used as collateral. Recent economic reforms aim to tackle high inflation and recession through a SEK 40 billion budget while supporting vulnerable groups. Swedish culture emphasizes egalitarianism, nature, and the concept of lagom or moderation.
Sweden has a population of over 9 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. It has a constitutional monarchy government with a prime minister as head of government and a king as the highest in command. The dominant religion is Lutheran Christianity, which became established in the 12th century and was the official religion until 2000. Sweden has a strong economy based on free enterprise, exports, and social welfare programs funded by high taxes.
Swedish culture and its impact on healthcareemilyjacobson
The document provides an overview of Emily Jacobson's study abroad trip to Sweden from May 13th to June 4th, 2013 to study Swedish culture and its impact on healthcare. Some of the key topics covered include Swedish churches, the minimal role of religion in Swedish life and healthcare, Swedish signs, food, lifestyle aspects like biking and exercise that promote health, the active elderly population, history and national pride. The document contains observations, photos, and insights into how aspects of Swedish culture contribute to the success of their universal healthcare system.
Sweden has a history of successfully hosting the Olympic Games in 1912 in Stockholm. It has a socially progressive democracy that promotes transparency, equality, and human rights. The country aims to showcase its achievements in environmental sustainability and recycling through another potential hosting of the Summer Olympics in 2024. Sweden ranks highly in gender equality and supports diversity and indigenous peoples like the Sami.
Sweden has a history of successfully hosting the Olympic Games in 1912 in Stockholm. It has a diverse, democratic society and has produced notable figures like inventor Alfred Nobel. Sweden supports creative industries and values innovation. It has strong social policies promoting transparency, equality, children's rights, and protections for minorities like the indigenous Sami people. Sweden also has progressive environmental policies around waste reduction, recycling, and renewable energy.
The document discusses the top 10 most peaceful countries in the world according to the Global Peace Index. Iceland is described as the most peaceful due to overcoming economic crisis and having a highly literate and tolerant population. Denmark is second most peaceful with progressive policies focusing on healthcare, gender equality and social support. Austria is also highly peaceful, having remained neutral since World War 2 and valued for its economy, education and healthcare systems.
Sweden is located in Northern Europe and borders Norway, Finland, and the Baltic Sea. It has a varied landscape that includes coastal areas, forests, and mountains. Sweden has a largely temperate climate influenced by the Gulf Stream, with warm summers and cold winters. The country has taken strong measures to protect the environment and curb pollution. Sweden has a democratic parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy. Its economy relies on exports of goods like machinery, motor vehicles, and pharmaceuticals.
Iceland is an island country located in the North Atlantic. It has a population of over 300,000, with Reykjavik as its capital and largest city. Iceland has a mixed economy focused on fishing and aluminum industries. The country has a predominantly Lutheran population and was the first to establish a democratic parliament over 1,000 years ago. Iceland experienced an economic crisis in 2008 when its three major banks collapsed.
Iceland is an island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and has significant volcanic and geothermal activity, resulting in geysers and glaciers. The capital and largest city is Reykjavik, located in the southwest. Iceland has a democratic government and a mostly service-based economy focused on fishing and tourism. The climate is temperate and affected by the Gulf Stream, with cool summers and mild winters.
This document provides an overview of Iceland Foods Ltd, a British supermarket chain operating in the UK and Ireland. It discusses Iceland's history, starting in 1970 when founders Malcolm Walker and another retailer opened their first shop. Iceland primarily sells frozen foods but also offers other grocery items. The document outlines Iceland's vision for expansion globally and becoming a leading frozen food chain. It states that a business's aim is its main goal, like profit, while objectives are detailed plans to achieve those aims, such as market expansion.
SWEDEN - Basic Knowledge For An Expatriate.SK Nasif Hasan
Sweden is a sparsely populated kingdom located in northern Europe. It has a population of 8.8 million people and its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has transitioned from a poor country 100 years ago to a now wealthy and highly educated society thanks to large investments in education and research. The Swedish culture values punctuality, equality, and a work-life balance known as "lagom," which means doing things in moderation. Major Swedish companies include IKEA, Ericsson, Volvo, and H&M. Sweden has a constitutional monarchy and ranks highly in terms of quality of life, gender equality, and environmental protection. The main challenges for expats are learning the Swedish language and adjusting to Swedish cultural
The Culture, Etiquette and Customs of Australia and New ZealandRoy Vincent Abad
Australia and New Zealand share three main commonalities. Firstly, the urban societies of both countries were created by the British in the last three centuries and built on the invasion of a population that didn't live in cities. Secondly, around 20 per cent of the population of both countries are migrants. Thirdly, both countries are in the same part of the world.
Scandinavia refers to a region in Northern Europe consisting of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, as well as sometimes Iceland and Finland. The main bond between these countries is their similar Scandinavian languages. Some key facts about the region include Norway being just larger than New Mexico, Finland having over 188,000 lakes, and Sweden being known for innovations like the refrigerator. The document then provides more detailed information about the geography, demographics, economies, cultures and political systems of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden individually.
1. Two datasets were merged and a response variable was created to classify customers as having good or bad credit based on their delinquency levels. Several data preprocessing steps were applied including median imputation, variable reduction, and discretization of variables.
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The document presents an analysis comparing public and private undergraduate business schools. Some key findings include:
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The analysts predicted the stock price of Apple (AAPL) over the next month, six months, and year. They reviewed three investment strategies and found that simply owning AAPL stock (Strategy 1) was expected to provide the highest return, though Strategy 2 of insuring half the position could lower risk slightly. Strategy 3 was not recommended as it carried much risk for only slight expected returns above the risk-free rate. The analysts advised contacting them with any other questions.
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This document outlines the constitution for the Economics and Social Science Club of Kennesaw State University. It establishes the club's name, purpose of promoting cultural and academic exchange, membership as undergraduate students, elected officer positions and their duties, requirements for meetings and voting, processes for officer replacement and amendments, and policies regarding nondiscrimination, anti-hazing, and agreement to follow university rules. It also provides meeting dates for the Student Activities Budget Advisory Committee.
2. 2
Section 1: About the Country & its Government
Initial inhabitants of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark) appeared after the Ice Age, and
were known as hunters, fishers, and gatherers. They built settlements and excelled in agriculture. Although
there are no formal records from this era, there were supposed kings and “heroes” like Beowulf who
established power within the settlements. These tales, also referred to as Norse mythology, were handed down
from generations by word-of-mouth or illustrated pictures. They spoke a German dialect called Proto-Norse.
Due to the seasonal weather changes they often migrated from areas of farm land to land near waters.
The Vikings are the most notable part of Scandinavian history. Seasonal weather changes forced them to
explore more areas around them, especially the waters, which opened up opportunities for trades. This caused
influence from Russia, British, French, German, Middle East, and the Byzantium Empire (Greek). Erick the
Victorious was the first known King of Sweden. After the fall of the Vikings from the 8th
– 11th
century due to
continental Europe economic rise, the Vikings or Swedes became prosperous farmers. This economic stability
allowed outside trade, monarchs, and religious influence of paganism to Christianity.
St. Ansgar introduced Christianity in 829 AD which was a culture shock to original religion of
paganism. The Swedish Empire expanded into Finland creating conflict with the Rus beginning to formally
establish the nation’s line between Finland and Sweden. In the 14th century, Europe was hit by the bubonic
plague. Around the 13th
– 15th century, Sweden was ruled by King Magnus Eriksson who united Sweden,
Denmark and Norway by the Kalmar Union. After time, the ruler of this union rotated among various
countries within the region. Another example of a ruler of the Kalmar Union was King Christian II of
Denmark.
Gustavus Adolphus led Sweden to be a powerful country after wars with Norway, Denmark, Holy
Roman Empire, Russia and Poland in the Thirty Year’s War. He reformed the nation’s religion to
Protestantism and gained lands from Poland-Lithuania and Russia. The main conflict was Protestantism with
the Holy Roman Empire (Catholicism). In the 17th century, Russia, Poland, and Norway united against
Sweden to get back their lands and were successful. Sweden fought in the Napoleon Wars, and gained
Norway, and Denmark. Sweden was neutral in both World Wars but helped refugees such as Danish Jews.
They also made various other humanitarian efforts including the support of the Norwegian resistance. In the
Cold War, Sweden was politically neutral but had strong ties with the United States.
Sweden’s current form of Government is a Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system.
Sweden economic system is comprised of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern
distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. The current
government came to power in 14th century with the declaration of Sweden’s King. The government evolved
into a Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, and Judicial Branch, and currently operates as Social
Democracy. The government has been stable since their declaration of independence.
In 2009, Sweden declared the year, “nature year”, inspired by the United States to go green.
Prescription free drugs will soon be sold in regular supermarkets– but not without a strict set of rules. Saab,
based in Sweden, is restructuring to avoid bankruptcy after being abandoned by General Motors. Swedish
Parliament is aiming to resolve major environmental problems like reducing climate impact, clean air, protect
3. 3
ozone layer, safe radiation, good-quality groundwater, balanced marine environment and sustainable forests.
Sustainable development can only be achieved within the context of global and regional co-operations.
Sustainable development policies, measures and concerns must be mainstreamed, i.e. integrated into all
existing policy areas. Further action at national level will be needed to ensure long-term protection of the
critical resources that constitute the basis for sustainable development. These include natural resources,
people’s health, skills and expertise, infrastructure and the built environment. Sweden participates in a
combination of both Import-substitution and export led commerce. Due to the growing demand in
pharmaceuticals, high-tech jobs, and engineering, the private sector is evolving into a more export related
growth model. This growth model is due to an increased domestic demand. The fundamentals underlying this
growth model is the solid financial sector which is being rescued by the government. The Plan is being
implemented across all fields of women, child, elderly, and sexuality rights. Since this government is
socialistic in nature, they choose not to be in favor of any groups because of democracy and because they are
socially democratic.
http://www.sweden.gov.se – (prime minister, minister of finance, education, higher
education/research, environment, culture, justice, health/social affairs, foreign affairs, local
government markets, energy/communications, social security, agriculture, defense, gender equality,
employment)
Sweden’s legal institutions, financial and banking institutions and political institutions are all very well
developed. In Sweden, they do not have any underdevelopment, but rather too many laws. Since this country
is all about socialism, they have many regulations around the workplace such as better vacations, less work
(i.e. you can’t work more than 6 days a week) and restrictions on weekly hours and overnight hours.
Employers must also notify the public if they are firing 25 workers as well as other workplace restrictions that
complicate things. Although it only takes 8 procedures to employ someone in Sweden, it takes 116 days to go
through the bureaucracy to employ these workers. Not to mention, the cost of employing these workers is
extremely high.
4. 4
All of the following data from Index Mundi1
Land Mass:
total: 449,964 sq km
land: 410,934 sq km
water: 39,030 sq km
Length of coastline: 3,218 km
arable land: 5.93%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 94.06% (2005)
Water 8.7%
Lands under cultivation:7%
Wild pasture lands: 1%
Forests: 67%
Natural Resources: iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber,
hydropower
Average rainfall: 535 mm (about 21 in).
Temperature: temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in
north
Major National Holidays:
January 1 New Year Public Holiday in Sweden
May 1 May Day Public Holiday in Sweden
August 15 Assumption Public Holiday in Sweden
November 1 All Saints’ Day Public Holiday in Sweden
December 25 Christmas Public Holiday in Sweden
National Day, 6 June (1983)
1 Index Mundi. 2009. “Sweden”.
5. 5
Section 2 Culture and Population Demographics
Sweden’s ethnicities include Armenians, Assyrians, Danes, Chilean, Finns, Greeks, Norwegians, Iraqis,
Kurds, Moroccans, Serbs, Tornedalians, Turks, Yugoslavs to name a few. Sweden’s religious groups include
Lutheran, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Evangelistic (non-
denominational), Muslim, and Church of Sweden (Lutheran Majority 80%). The major languages of Sweden
are Swedish (official language), Scanian, Jamtlandic and Dalecarlian. Some minority languages include Finnish,
Meänkieli, Saami, Romani and Yiddish. Although the major religion is Lutheran, the Church of Sweden who
has almost 7 million people largest globally only 2% actually attend church services. The indigenous population
of Sweden is comprised of Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities. Immigrants of first-born/ first-generation
are Finnish, Danish, Norwegian, Greek, and Turkish ethnicity.1
Sweden’s population percentages are as follows
(2005):
• Rural- 16.6%
• Urban- 83.4%
Like many modern societies, Women have equal rights in Sweden. Sweden, surprisingly, has been top 3
for women equality for the last couple years. In the labor market, Sweden women comprise of 47%.
Households have a mean of 2.4 kids per family. They are obviously equal in aspect and the size is
standardized pretty much across the board. They are a lot like Americans in respect to standard of
living/quality of living.
Sweden’s life expectancy is as follows:
Total population: 80.74 years
Male: 78.49 years
Female: 83.13 years (2008 est.)
Sweden’s Population
2003 8878085
2004 8986400
2005 9001774
2006 9016596
2007 9031088
2008 9045389
1 Index Mundi. 2009. “Sweden”.
6. 6
Section 3 Social Development Indicators
The HDI for Sweden is 0.958, ranking them 7th
out of 179 countries (table 1).
Sweden HDI/Life Expectancy – table 1
HDI value
2006
Life expectancy at birth
(years)
2006
1. Iceland (0.968) 1. Japan (82.4)
5. Ireland (0.960) 5. Australia (81.0)
6. Netherlands (0.958) 6. Spain (80.7)
7. Sweden (0.958) 7. Sweden (80.7)
8. Japan (0.956) 8. Israel (80.5)
9. Luxembourg (0.956) 9. Canada (80.4)
179. Sierra Leone (0.329) 179. Swaziland (40.2)
To measure the impact of gender inequalities on human development achievement, Sweden's GDI value, 0.958
can be compared to its HDI value of 0.958. Its GDI value is 100.0% of its HDI value. Out of the 157 countries
with both HDI and GDI values, Sweden has the best ratio.
Table 2: The GDI compared to the HDI – a measure of gender disparity
GDI as % of HDI Life expectancy at birth
(years)
2006
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary
gross enrolment ratio
2006
Female as % male Female as % male
1. Sweden (99.9%) 1. Russia Fed. (123.1%) 1. United Arab Emirates (120.2%)
2. Romania (99.9%) 104. Greece (105.7%) 17. Russian Federation (110.4%)
3. Lithuania (99.9%) 105. Vanuatu (105.6%) 18. Jamaica (110.3%)
4. Vanuatu (99.9%) 106. Sweden (105.6%) 19. Sweden (110.2%)
5. Bahamas (99.9%) 107. Chad (105.6%) 20. United States (110.0%)
6. Kenya (99.9%) 108. United Arab
Emirates (105.5%)
21. Honduras (109.9%)
157. Occupied Palestinian
Territories (92.8%)
157. Niger (96.9%) 157. Chad (60.4%)
7. 7
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 23 (2005)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.74 years
male: 78.49 years
female: 83.13 years (2008 est.)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Year Average Annual Income
1995 20990
1996 21718
1997 22468
1998 23404
1999 25079
2000 26948
2001 27322
2002 28277
2003 29965
2004 31007
2005 32025
8. 8
In summary, Sweden’s Social Development has a constant increase in average income per household
and human development index. They rank 1st
in the gender development index. However, these social
developments cause a lower Gini coefficient. The longevity, adult literacy rate, level of education for women
vs. men also increases. They don’t have sanitation problems and there are few diseases such as HIV/AIDS that
is running wild. The only minor setback for this country is that over 16 percent of the entire country smokes.
Section 4 Economic Development
Sweden 2008
GDP (PPP) $358.4 Billion
GDP (per capita) $39,600
9. 9
Real GDP over past 10 years
Year GDP
2008 358,400,000,000,000
2007 402,441,492,200,000
2006 $384,927,300,000.00
2005 $357,682,600,000.00
2004 $350,144,400,000.00
2003 $304,145,700,000.00
2002 $243,563,900,000.00
2001 $221,544,100,000.00
Per capita GDP Year
$24,524.63 per capita 1994
$28,381.81 per capita 1995
$30,849.80 per capita 1996
$28,190.17 per capita 1997
$28,239.53 per capita 1998
$28,645.34 per capita 1999
$27,286.51 per capita 2000
$34,627.03 per capita 2001
$27,293.13 per capita 2002
$33,959.99 per capita 2003
$38,939.57 per capita 2004
$39,636.64 per capita 2005
$42,553.49 per capita 2006
$37,526.00 per capita 2007
$39,600.00 per capita 2008
10. 10
2000 $242,004,100,000.00
1999 $253,723,200,000.00
1998 $249,970,700,000.00
Year Population Growth Rate Rank
2008 0.157 #186
2007 0.159 #187
2006 0.16 #189
2005 0.17 #190
2004 0.18 #190
2003 0.01 #206
2002 0.34 #159
2001 0.28 #160
2000 0.13 #169
1999 0.06 #171
1998 0.03 #170
External Debt % of GDP $ in Billions
External Debt 176.72 $598.2
Inflation rate: 1.6% in 2008
Gross Capital Formation: 624,678,776,00
0
11. 11
Major Imports Major Exports Major Trading
Partners
Major sources of
capital
Machinery Machinery Germany Biotechnology
Petroleum Motor Vehicles Norway Telecommunications
Petroleum products Paper products United States Medical Technology
Chemicals Pulp & Wood Denmark Banking
Motor vehicles Iron United Kingdom Pharmaceuticals
Iron Steel Finland
Steel Chemicals Netherlands
Clothing France
Food products China
Belgium
Total Trade Volume: $351,700,000,000
Net Exports: $18,500,000,000
Section 5 Growth Competitive Index and Index of Freedom
Most recent GCI rankings for Sweden
• 4th in 2008-2009
• 4th in 2007-2008
• 9th in 2006-2007
National rank in terms of:
Quality (rankings):
Institutions - 4th
, Policies - 3rd
Sub index on Macro economy stability - 15th
Sub index on:
• Business efficiencies: 7th
• Goods market - 7th
Employment: 98.3% in 2008
type
Industrial: 24%
Agriculture: 2%
Service: 74%
Rural Unemployment: 62%
Urban Unemployment: 38%
12. 12
• Labor market - 26th
• Financial market - 8th
• Ability to innovate – 5th
• Absorb advanced technology
Index of Freedom
In terms of economic freedom Sweden ranks 26th in the world with a score of 70.5.1
From last year's
score Sweden has declined in trade, monetary and labor freedoms but it still ranked above the world average.
Sweden has some of the lowest scores worldwide in fiscal freedom and government size. The wealth tax has
been abolished, but taxes are still a huge burden. The top income tax rate of 57 percent is one of the highest in
the world. Total government spending is still more than half of GDP. The labor market's inflexible regulations
have caused the labor freedom score to dip below the world average.
Informal Sector
Sweden is a highly developed economy and is not affected on a development level by informality.
Informality is said to exist in education training and all types of employees are said to be looking for tax
breaks by finding jobs in the informal sector “Even in highly developed Sweden, informal employment is
growing, because Sweden has the second-highest labor taxes in the world.”2
Donor Projects
Sweden contributes greatly to struggling countries, and their primary objective is “to create conditions
to allow poor countries to improve their standard of living.” They focus on three main areas: Democracy and
human rights, environment and climate, and gender equality. Sweden will hold the European Union (EU)
presidency near the end of 2009, and will oversee negotiations on the new climate agreement.
Sweden holds .94% of World Bank votes, and is represented by their Minister for Finance on the Board of
Governors, with the alternate being their Minister for International Development Cooperation. The table
below shows dates Sweden joined each organization.3
The 5 organizations of the World Bank Group Founded Sweden became
member in
The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)
1945 August 31, 1951
The International Development Association (IDA) 1960 September 24, 1960
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) 1956 July 20, 1956
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 1988 April 12, 1988
1 Index of Economic Freedom. 2009. The Heritage Foundation.
2 Farrell, Diana. Tackling the Informal Economy. 2006. McKinsey & Company. 8 May 2006
3 The World Bank. “Sweden and the World Bank”. 2009
13. 13
(MIGA)
The International Centre for the Settlement of
Investment Disputes (ICSID)
1966 January 28, 1967
In 2008, Sweden decided to contribute SEK 6.1 Billion to the International Development Association (IDA)
between 2008 and 2017. They are the 10th
largest contributor to the IDA. In 2009, Sweden granted debt relief
to Liberia, writing off approximately 20.4 Million USD in interest and repayment obligations, and plans to
contribute SEK 40 Billion to stimulate the global economy.
Sweden works in cooperation with the USAID to provide relief to struggling countries. They top the HRI
index with a score of 7.9 out of 10 The GHD co-chairs of Sweden and USAID wrote a joint letter to DARA
expressing concerns about humanitarianism.
Sweden’s contributions to the World Bank and African Development Fund (ADF) from 2008 to 2010 will
total SEK 8 Billion. Over the next 2 years, Sweden will contribute SEK 2 Billion to the Global Fund to Fight
Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria.
Sweden is involved in several ongoing projects world wide. They signed a five year extension with China in
2007 to extend the “memorandum of understanding on environmental cooperation”. They established a Centre
for Environmental Technology, in 2007, in Beijing. The Swedish Energy Agency (SEA) is partially financing
two Clean Development Projects in China. In 2007, Sweden played a role in a three year project advancing
progress of development in China.
The tables / charts below summarize Sweden’s position and projected payments with regards to the
International Monetary Fund (IMF).1
Year Payments (in SDR)
2009 342,371
2010 294,751
2011 294,751
2012 294,877
2013 294,624
2014 294,751
2015 294,751
2016 294,877
2017 294,624
2018 294,751
2019 294,751
1 . International Monetary Fund. “Sweden and the IMF”. December 15, 2008.
14. 14
2020 294,877
2021 294,624
2022 294,751
2023 294,751
2024 69,816
Total 4538698
In 2007, Sweden contributed 30 Million USD to the African Development Fund (ADF). Described in the
table below, Sweden is the 10th
largest donors to the ADF (see Fig 7.2 above).
ADF State Participants
Argentina
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
India
Italy
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
The Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
U.A.E
United Kingdom
United States of America
Sweden is the 30th
largest share holder of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Since 1966, they have
contributed approximately 540.78 Million USD to the ADB. The table below summarized Sweden’s
involvement with the ADB.
Number of shares held: 12,040 (0.34% of total shares)
Votes: 25, 272 (0.57% of total membership, 1.63% of total non-regional membership)
Overall capital subscription: $190.05 million*
Paid-in capital subscription: $13.31 million*
As of 2003, Sweden’s contributions totaled 1.3 Million USD to the Poverty and Environment Fund,
which has financed two projects totaling 6.27 Million USD. In 2005, they contributed 14.17 Million USD to
the Cooperation Fund to Fight HIV / AIDS in Asia and the Pacific. In 2007, they contributed 15 Million USD
to the Asian Pacific Carbon Fund. In 2005, Sweden contributed 14.3 Million USD to assist in the fight against
HIV and AIDS.
10 largest pledges to ADF-11 Fig 7.2
United Kingdom
France
Germany
United States of America
Japan
The Netherlands
Italy
Canada
Norway
Sweden
14.8
10.9
10.8
8.3
7.1
5.4
5.3
5.0
4.5
4.4
15. 15
Section 8 Foreign Investment Inflows and Major Sources of Foreign Investments
The Swedish Government heavily promotes active investment to attract foreign direct investment. The
Invest in Sweden Agency (ISA) is in charge of this task. Foreign direct investment helps to increase
employment and economic growth. The ISA is represented in approximately ten countries.
Section 9 The Business Environment - The Relative Ease of Doing Business in this Country
Starting a business in Sweden is relatively easy. Limited companies can be purchased and ready for
trading with in few days. Limitations differ depending on whether the company is publicly or privately traded.
Obtaining a business license requires eight procedures over 116 days with a cost of 115.3% of income per
capita. Employing workers involves paying a competitive wage in comparison to the rest of Europe. However
the Social Security contribution is towards the higher end at 33% plus an additional 8% for pension costs.
Registering property requires two procedures in one day with a cost of 3% of property value. Employees are
eligible for five weeks paid vacation throughout the year and three weeks of sick leave in which employers
must pay employees 80% of typical wages throughout this time. Trade unions are very strong in Sweden.
Obtaining credit is fairly easy with a legal rights index o six and a credit information index of four. Corporate
taxes are typically 28%, but may be as low as 21%. Typical tax withholdings rate is 30% but inside the
European Union, there are no withholding taxes. Trading across borders is fairly easy as Sweden welcomes
trade with most countries across the world.
Sweden is very open to business be conducted in their country, whether domestic or international. It has very
few limitations for international countries doing business within their borders. It is the 5th
largest country in
Europe with a population of approximately 9 Million. Citizens enjoy a fairly decent standard of living with
GDP per capita reaching approximately $28,000 USD in 2004.
Trade with South Africa:
South African exports to Sweden totaled R2.9bn in both 2006 and 2007 and reached R785.3 million in
the year-to-March 2008. SA’s main exports to Sweden consist of industrial products, food (especially fruit,
vegetables and wine) and various semi-manufactured products. Imports from Sweden totaled R5.9bn in 2006,
R8.1bn in 2007 and R3.2bn in the year-to-March 2008 and they consist mainly of industrial products, vehicles
and various semi-manufactured products. The number of Swedish companies based in South Africa has grown
steadily since 1993 and was estimated at 80 in 2007, “among them major multinational export companies such
as ABB, Atlas Copco, Electrolux, Ericsson, Volvo, Scania, Svedala, Tetra Pak and Sandvik.”1
Sweden is very open to foreign owned firms and foreign direct investment. Swedes employed by
foreign owned companies totaled 22% in 2001. The number of foreign owned companies surpassed 7,800 by
the end of 2001, employing over 500,000 workers. Sweden tries to be fair for all companies within their
borders as well as abroad. However regulations may vary slightly between foreign and domestic firms.
Foreign firms appear to be permitted to own 100% of the equity in their firms if they choose.
Domestic content requirements appear to be minimal, allowing companies to shop around for the lowest
1 International Trade: Kingdom of Sweden. Best SA Exporters. 2008
16. 16
prices, operating within the natural supply and demand of products. The Swedish government offers
incentives for foreign companies to invest in Sweden. These incentives vary depending on the industry each
company is a part of. They have a very efficiently and effectively operating economy and tweak laws on an as
needed basis.
Section 10 Corruption
According to the CPI on the Transparency International website the country of “Sweden ranks
in the top 2% of highly clean countries in regards to corruption”1
with less than 2% of respondents reporting
they ever paid a bribe to obtain any type of service.
Sweden has had a high CPI (Corruption Perception Index) in the top 10 for a couple of years. Example:
In the “Boat Certificate-case” investigation started in 2002 by the Oslo police district. Charges were brought
against several Norwegian citizens for active bribery of a Swedish official (Swedish maritime inspector). The
suspects, including the renowned businessman Kjell Inge Røkke, who was sentenced to 120 days in jail, were
convicted of corruption on 1 July 2005. The sentenced is under appeal.2
The strongest areas to be experience corruption in Sweden are the media, political parties, the business or
private sector, and the religious bodies - this can be seen in the chart below3
:
1 Report on the Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2007. Dec. 6, 2007.
2 Report by Jan Borgen on “Foreign Bribery Prosecutions”, 6 December 2005
3 Report on the Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2007 (pg 22)
17. 17
An example of corruption occurring in Sweden is at a college on the island of Gotland where a professor
received a large donation from a company called Nord Stream believed to be in relation with the company’s
efforts to push installment of a gas line installed in the Baltic Sea.1
According to Transparency International
some corruption measures include: public officers doing things for private gain such as, taking money to
overlook laws being broken or wrongful conduct, kickbacks in public procurement, dishonest use of public
funds, wrongful use of power to control the acts of others. The Herald Tribune, a global edition of the New
York Times, discusses another major measurement with corruption in Sweden do to its large exporting
industry and the difference in the standards it holds for its self than those abroad.2
Section 11 International Finance
The currency of Sweden is the Swedish Krona (SEK). The exchange rate value for the Swedish krona
(SEK) per US dollar - 6.7629 (2007), 7.3731 (2006), 7.4731 (2005), 7.3489 (2004), 8.0863 (2003).3
Exchange Rate System adopted by Sweden since November 1992 is:
- A managed floating system – when the Government or central bank or Sweden intervenes with a
floating exchange rate and allows the currency price to float freely between an upper and lower bound, price
“ceiling” and “floor”.4
The Swedish government is very open to foreign investment inflows. They are very liberal with their
foreign investment laws and are open to almost all foreign investments, excluding only their air, and maritime
transportation, and arms manufacturing. They also have very low corporate income tax rates making it very
attractive to other countries - encouraging foreign investment.5
1 The Local. February. 9,2009. “Nord Stream gift prompts bribery probe”.
2 Herald Tribune. May 11, 2007. “Sweden's squeaky-clean image sullied by scandals”
3 Index Mundi. 2009. “Sweden Exchange Rates”.
4 Currency UK. No date. “The Swedish Krona in The Market - Broker View”.
5 Nations Encyclopedia. 2009. “Sweden – Foreign Investment”.
18. 18
Because of Sweden’s openness to world trading and their lack of laws in this area, the government does
not control “payments and transfers or repatriation of profits”.1
Sweden’s’ external debt as a fraction of GDP in 20082
Sweden’s:
- External debt is $598.2 billion
- Total exports $170.1 billion
- External debt as a fraction of total exports = 170.1/ 598.2 = .28 or 28%3
Sweden's debt comes from and is owed to a combination of:
Private Banks, public bond issues, the World Bank, trade credits, IMF, and HIPC eligible. Despite the
many debtors listed these are only a handful of who Sweden actual owes which is to be expected for any
country that is $598.2 billion in debt.4
Sweden plans to sell billions in state assets during the next three years expand growth and raise revenue
to pay down their debt. In addition to this they are also planning to finance the debt long-term at a fixed
1 Index of Economic Freedom. 2009. The Heritage Foundation
2 Central Intelligence Agency. March 19, 2009. “The World Fact Book”.
3 Index Mundi. 2009. “Sweden Exchange Rates”.
4 Riskbank. March 31, 2009 "Economic And Financial Data For Sweden"
19. 19
interest rate to lower a risk associated with this debt, and looking at the possibility of assuming a new long-
term nominal government bond.1
Section 12 Concluding Comments
Based on the information we have gathered and the research done on the Country of Sweden, though it
is not a perfect country, we are optimistic in both the short – and medium-term future of the country. One
strong indicator of the “healthiness” of an economy/country is the amount of corruption within that
environment. As we have discussed in this paper Sweden has a very small amount of corruption in the society
and they continue to push for honesty and cleanliness in the actions of public officers. Sweden is also well
developed with strong foundations in their legal, financial, banking, and political institutions and has very few
institutions that are underdeveloped or lacking in strength. In addition to these things they are also a strong
country in women’s equal rights, they have excellent internal and external communications, they have a very
high employment rate, and the average life expectancy is high with most living till the age of 80. With the
strong way the Swedish economy is now operating it supports our optimism of the short-term future of the
country, and with its strive to only improve and become even stronger it lends to our belief that their medium-
term future will also be strong.
If I were the political leader to the country of Sweden this first reform I would purpose to remove
obstacles to growth and development would be to allow more access to own property, open businesses or
register land; I would strive to shrink the number of hoops needed to jump through and the time it would take
to obtain documentation for any one of these things. I would also push for the importance of education
starting at a young age; this would include school education, health education, and social education. Another
reform I would propose would be to have complete equal rights among those in the lower class brackets with
those of the upper, with more ease to move from one to the other.
From the perspective of a decision-maker in a US-owned firm, though Sweden would have its risk - as
does any country when it comes to investing across borders, it is definitely a country that holds attractiveness
as an investment location. Following the FDI environmental analysis framework there are many reasons
Sweden is an attractive location for investing:
• It is a country with low political risk in part due to a stable government through the
establishment of their declaration of independence as mentioned above.
• Sweden has strong political institutions with little corruption and constant improvement in
citizens’ right, as well as very strong financial markets and high infrastructure and reliability of
utilities especially the water supply.
• They have strong economic resources in labor capital and land – specializing in production of
iron, paper products, processed foods and more.
• They are major exporters of, but not excluding, machinery and motor vehicles, and importers of
items like petroleum and petroleum products, as well as many chemicals.
1 U.S. Department of State. August 2008. “Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs” – “Economy”
20. 20
• Sweden has strong connections with their trading partners including China, Germany, and
France, in which they not only trade with but also lend large amounts of money to each year.
• They have a strong demographic structures with high population growth, average life expectancy
around age 80, average household income around $35,000, good literacy with most over the age
of 15 able to read and write, and low disease and health issues.
Though this is not all the FDI looks for, these are the major issues of the FDI environmental analysis
framework that determines whether a country is risky or attractive in terms of an investment location. Because
Sweden excels and is so stable in so many of these areas, from the perspective of a decision maker in a US-
owned firm it holds strong attractiveness as an investment location.
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