This document provides an overview of Sweden, highlighting key facts such as its population of 9.8 million, its capital Stockholm, and its parliamentary democracy system. It emphasizes Sweden's strong welfare system, commitment to equality, and significant cultural contributions in music, film, and fashion. The document also discusses various aspects of Swedish society, including education, sustainability, and seasonal traditions.

1. 10THINGS
TO
KNOW
ABOUT
SWEDEN

2. Stockholm
Uppsala
Umeå
Kiruna
Arctic Circle
Örebro
Linköping
Jönköping
Helsingborg
Göteborg
Malmö

3. #QUICK FACTS
LARGE COUNTRY,
FEW PEOPLE
Capital: Stockholm
Language: Swedish; English widely spoken
Population: 9.8 million
Land area: 407,000 km², the fifth largest country
in Europe
Population density: 23.5/km²
Form of government: Parliamentary democracy,
constitutional monarchy
Currency: Swedish krona, SEK
GDP/capita (2013): SEK 403,000
Life expectancy: Men 80.1 years, women 83.7
Religion: The Church of Sweden is Evangelical
Lutheran, but in practice the country
is very secularised
Calling code: +46
Time zone: GMT +1
1
USEFUL LINKS
sweden.se The official site of Sweden
scb.se Statistics Sweden

4. #GOVERNMENT
GOVERNED
BY DEMOCRACY
The 349 members of the Swedish parliament are elected
by and represent the people. Elections are held every
four years, after which a new government may be formed.
The speaker of the parliament proposes a new prime
minister, who then appoints the other government
ministers. The current prime minister is Stefan Löfven,
leader of the Social Democratic Party.
The Swedish head of state is a monarch, currently King
Carl XVI Gustaf. He has no formal power, but a purely
representative and ceremonial function.
The Swedish Constitution is made up of four fundamental
laws:
1. The Instrument of Government
2. The Act of Succession
3. The Freedom of the Press Act (including the principle
of public access to official documents)
4. The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression
2
USEFUL LINKS
government.se The Swedish government
riksdagen.se The Swedish parliament

5. Swedish taxes are relatively high in order to finance the welfare system, which
offers subsidised access to healthcare, free education and generous parental
insurance, for example.

6. The Sami people, who have lived partly in Sweden for thousands of years, are
the northernmost indigenous people of Europe.

7. #HISTORY
PEACE FOR
200 YEARS
Some 100,000 years ago Sweden was covered in ice.
When the ice receded, the first immigrants started arriving.
Around 1000 AD, the Vikings helped put Sweden on the
map through their expeditions and raids around Europe.
Then, centuries of war-hungry kings and power struggles
drained the Swedish economy. Only after the Napoleonic
Wars (1803–1815) peace arrived.
Enter industrialisation and a transformation from a poor
nation of farmers to the innovative high-tech Sweden
of today.
A number of factors made this rapid development possible:
peace, access to raw materials such as iron ore and timber,
well-functioning infrastructure, compulsory schooling,
a tax-financed welfare system and – more recently – wide-
spread internet access, to mention but a few.
3
USEFUL LINKS
historiska.se The Swedish History Museum
ajtte.com Ájtte, a museum about Sami and
the Swedish mountains

8. #EQUALITY
PROTECTING
DIVERSITY
Sweden aims for everyone to have the same rights; no one
should be discriminated against on the basis of gender,
ethnic origin, sexual orientation, political and/or
religious conviction, or physical, mental or intellectual
disabilities. The Equality Ombudsman is tasked with
protecting and promoting these rights. In terms of gender
equality, Swedish society is one of the world leaders
according to international rankings.
A FEW EQUALITY MILESTONES
1845: Women are granted the same inheritance rights as men
1921: Women get the right to vote and run for office
1944: Homosexual relations are legalised
1974: Both parents get the right to parental leave
1994: A new law offers people with disabilities equal rights
to an independent life
2009: Same-sex marriage is legalised; the Discrimination Act
is introduced
4
USEFUL LINKS
do.se The Equality Ombudsman
handisam.se The Swedish Agency for Participation

9. Fathers pushing prams are a common sight in Sweden.

10. 5#SUSTAINABILITY, WEATHER
NATURE
FOR EVERYONE
Did you know that 97 per cent of Sweden’s land area is un­
inhabited? There are 29 national parks and nearly 4,000
nature reserves, and outside of protected areas allemans-
rätten applies. It’s a unique Swedish right of public access,
which allows people to roam around freely in nature, to
camp overnight and to pick berries, mushrooms and flowers
– if they aren’t protected species. The guiding principle is
‘don’t disturb, don’t destroy’.
Sweden has four distinct seasons that differ quite a lot from
north to south. Record temperatures are −53°C in February in
the far north and +38°C in June in the south, but the yearly
average temperatures for the whole country vary modestly
between −8°C and +10°C. North of the Arctic Circle, daylight
conditions are extreme, with 32 days of pure darkness in mid-
winter and 32 days of daylight around the clock in June–July.
Come rain, come shine, many Swedes like to spend time in
nature. Maybe this has helped make Swedes very environ-
mentally conscious. Children almost learn to recycle before
they can walk, and Sweden is pulling its weight in the
global efforts to find sustainable solutions for the future.
USEFUL LINKS
smhi.se The government weather agency
sverigesnationalparker.se Sweden’s national parks

11. In the north, the winter months offer the chance to see spectacular northern
lights.

12. Swedes’ standard retirement age is 65. Different types of pension aim to ensure
a decent old age.

13. #HEALTHCARE, SOCIETY
TAX-PAID
WELFARE
Nearly everyone living or working in Sweden is covered
by the Swedish social insurance. It includes benefits like
parental leave pay, child allowances and sick pay for longer
term illnesses, which are all administered by the Swedish
Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan). The parental
insurance is generous, entitling parents to 480 paid days
of parental leave. This makes it easier for both mothers and
fathers to combine working with having a family.
Swedish healthcare is heavily subsidised through taxes,
making it affordable to go to the doctor, stay in a hospital
and buy prescription medication.
The Swedish labour market is characterised by a strong
presence of trade and labour unions. Collective agree­
ments regulate wages and holiday entitlements (minimum
25 days). Job seekers in Sweden can turn to the Swedish
Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) for help
and support. Most non-EU residents need a work permit and
should apply for jobs via the European job mobility portal
EURES before coming to Sweden, to qualify for a permit.
6
USEFUL LINKS
forsakringskassan.se The Swedish Social Insurance Agency
arbetsformedlingen.se The Swedish Public Employment Service

14. #CHILDCARE, RESEARCH
EDUCATION FOR
ALL SINCE 1842
Free education for all from the age of six to nineteen is one
of the pillars of the Swedish welfare state. In the school
system, creativity and critical thinking are encouraged.
University studies are free for citizens of Sweden or other
EU/EEA countries* or Switzerland; for others, application
and tuition fees apply. Sweden also prioritises innovation
and research – perhaps not so surprising considering that
it is the country of the Nobel Prize. In 2012, 3.4 per cent of
GDP was invested in R&D, a high figure compared with most
other countries.
*For a full list of these countries, see Universityadmissions.se.
THE SWEDISH SCHOOL SYSTEM:
Nursery school: ages 1–5
Preschool class: age 6
Compulsory school: ages 6/7–15/16
Upper secondary school/high school (non-compulsory):
ages 15/16–18/19
7
USEFUL LINKS
skolverket.se The Swedish National Agency for Education
nobelprize.org The official Nobel Prize site

15. On 10 December, science is celebrated. In 2012, Professor Brian K Kobilka (left)
received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry from Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf.

16. Avicii’s hits (top) and Ida Sjöstedt’s ethereal creations (bottom) help spread
the word about Sweden.

17. #FASHION, FILM, MUSIC, SPORT
BREEDING
GROUND FOR STARS
ABBA brought Swedish pop into living rooms around the
globe in the 1970s. Since then, many Swedish music acts
– and producers – have been internationally recognised,
making Sweden the world’s number one exporter of music
in relation to GDP. Just look at Swedish house dj and
producer Avicii, whose ‘Wake Me Up’ from 2013 became
an international megahit.
As a film nation, Sweden has long been associated
with Ingmar Bergman (1918–2007), the country’s film
director and scriptwriter extraordinaire. But talents like
Roy Andersson, Ruben Östlund and Anna Odell have also
won international recognition. Sweden has an impres­-
sive track record in the documentary genre as well, with
Malik Bendjelloul’s (1977–2014) Academy Award-winning
Searching for Sugar Man (2012) as a brightly shining star.
For some, Swedish fashion means H&M. But while the
Swedish clothing chain spreads affordable style, the
so-called Swedish fashion miracle started in the denim
world. It was jeans that granted brands like Acne, Nudie
and WeSC global success, opening doors for other inter­
esting designer names like Carin Wester, Ida Sjöstedt
and Erïk Bjerkesjö, to name but a few.
8

18. Cross-country skier Charlotte Kalla might well make it onto the all-time sports
star list eventually.

19. Another way to achieve success in the fashion industry is
to first become a tennis superstar then retire early and
move into fashion, like Björn Borg. He’s one of many sports
icons from Sweden. In fact, the country seems to be a
nation of sports lovers, with nearly two-thirds of 10- to
18-year-olds exercising at least once a week. Some of them
might make it onto this list eventually:
10 ALL-TIME SWEDISH SPORTS STARS
(according to Swedish daily DN)
1. Björn Borg, tennis
2. Zlatan ‘Ibra’ Ibrahimović, football
3. Jan-Ove Waldner, table tennis
4. Annika Sörenstam, golf
5. Ingemar Stenmark, alpine skiing
6. Carolina Klüft, heptathlon
7. Ingemar Johansson, boxing
8. Gunde Svan, cross-country skiing
9. Peter ‘Foppa’ Forsberg, ice hockey
10. Gert Fredriksson, canoe
USEFUL LINKS
kulturradet.se The Swedish Arts Council
rf.se The Swedish Sports Confederation

20. #RELIGION, TRADITIONS
CELEBRATIONS
AROUND THE YEAR
Most Swedes’ everyday life is fairly secular, but many yearly
traditions and celebrations have religious origins. Influ-
ences from different parts of the world also make traditions
like Ramadan part of Swedish society today.
CALENDAR OF CELEBRATIONS
31 December New Year
March/April Easter
30 April Valborg/Walpurgis: celebration of spring
with bonfires and singing
Around 21 June Midsummer: social gathering involving
eating, singing and dancing around a pole
August Crayfish party: feast focused on crayfish
and – often – schnapps
13 December Lucia: pre-Christmas tradition marked by
candlelight and singing
24 December Christmas
9
USEFUL LINKS
sweden.se/culture-traditions The official site of Sweden
nordiskamuseet.se Nordiska museet

21. Lucia and Christmas are big in December, but Midsummer in June is probably
the biggest – and most typically Swedish – celebration.

22. #SWEDISH LANGUAGE
REMEMBER
TO SAY TACK!
Mini-glossary
Hej! [hay] Hello
Tjena! [sheh-nah] Hi (informal)
Talar du engelska? Do you speak English?
[tahl-ahr doo ehng-ehl-ska?]
Hur mår du? How are you? (neutral)
[hoor moor doo?]
Jag mår bra, tack. Och du? I’m fine, thanks. And you?
[yag moor brah tuck. ock doo?]
Trevligt att träffas Pleased to meet you
[trehv-leet ut trai-fuss]
Hejdå! [hay-daw] Bye-bye
God morgon! [good morron] Good morning
God natt! [good nut] Good night
Tack! [tuck] Thank you/Please
Varsågod! Here you go/Please/
[vahr-saw-good] You’re welcome
Ursäkta mig! Excuse me
[ooshehk-tah mey]
Var ligger toaletten? Where is the toilet/restroom?
[vahr liggeh twa-lett-en?]
10

23. This brochure has been produced by the Swedish Institute
(SI), a public agency that promotes interest and confidence in
Sweden around the world. SI seeks to establish cooperation
and lasting relations with other countries through strategic
communication and exchange in the fields of culture, educa-
tion, science and business.
Sweden.se is the official site of Sweden, which is operated
by SI. The site is publicly funded, with four organisations
behind it: SI, Business Sweden, VisitSweden and the Swedish
Government Offices, including the Ministry for Foreign Affairs,
the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Enterprise and
Innovation. For more information, visit si.se and sweden.se.
© The Swedish Institute 2015
Graphic design: Kidler
Writer/editor: Emma Randecker
Printed by: Ineko, Stockholm, Sweden, 2015
Paper: 130 g Arctic silk+; 200 g Arctic silk+
Fonts: Sweden Sans, Zurich
ISBN: 978-91-86995-52-2
Photos: cover: curious moose, Folio/imagebank.sweden.se;
inside front cover: Johan Willner/imagebank.sweden.se;
p. 3, 19: Lena Granefelt/imagebank.sweden.se;
p. 4, 9: Lola Akinmade Åkerström/imagebank.sweden.se;
p. 7: Susanne Walström/imagebank.sweden.se;
p. 10: Helena Wahlman/imagebank.sweden.se;
p. 13: Henrik Montgomery;
p. 14: NY Times and Claudio Bresciani/TT;
p. 16: Anders Wiklund/TT.
Do you have any views on this SI publication? Feel free to
contact us at order@si.se.

24. It’s difficult to fit a
country into a brochure
as small as this. This
is an attempt to boil
down Sweden to ten
vital facts. Discover
how large Sweden is
in relation to its small
population, that the
Equality Ombudsman
is sort of king and
that Midsummer is a
serious matter of fun
and games.