This document discusses the evolution of work and workers' rights throughout history. It describes how work became fundamental early in human history as people used physical and intellectual labor to survive. As civilizations developed, specialized jobs and trades emerged. During the modern era, the concept of businesses run by entrepreneurs who employ workers emerged. The document also outlines some of the key rights of workers, such as the right to fair compensation for work performed.
Food Insecurity and Government Intervention for Sustainable Food Access in Od...IJLT EMAS
This paper aims to find out the status and causes of food insecurity and policy measures taken by the government to reduce insecurity in Odisha. The data used in this paper have been collected from different secondary sources like books, journals, news papers, government reports etc.
The study shows that the main cause of food insecurity in Odisha is absence of purchasing power of people to purchase adequate amounts of foods to meet basic minimum food requirements. Purchasing power is absent because of poverty. 9%of the population are extremely food insecure consuming less than 1800 kcl per day. The vulnerability is high in southern and northern regions of the state as well as among SC and ST communities and is more experienced in rural areas than urban areas.
Government of Odisha intervene the situation to counter insecurity through different measures like subsidized distribution of food grains, nutrition provisioning through Anganwadis and mid-day meals, food for work programmes etc. Because of implementation of these measures calories intake of people of KBK regions has increased from 1674.6 kcl in 2004-05 to 1819.0 kcl in 2011-12 and that of non-KBK regions has increased from 2046.5 kcl in 2004-05 to 2076 kcl in 2011-12. Finally, the paper suggests that the government should focus on development of agriculture and employment generation and price stability.
This document discusses key issues related to food security and nutrition. It notes that while progress has been made in reducing hunger and malnutrition, significant challenges remain with over 800 million people still undernourished. Achieving universal food security and nutrition requires holistic, collaborative solutions that promote sustainable and inclusive development. Lessons from pursuing the MDGs show the need for "nutrition-sensitive" approaches that generate income opportunities and resources to improve nutrition, particularly through agriculture-led growth supplemented by social protections.
LDR 625 M7 RED TEAM CLC Assignment with NotesDeliciouscrisp
The document summarizes the Happy Hearth Foundation's Chefs on Wheels community project. The project aims to combat hunger and malnutrition by bringing together volunteers including chefs, cooks, and nutritionists to cook and teach impoverished families about nutrition. Volunteers will visit families in their homes to cook meals with them and provide information about accessing affordable, healthy foods. The goal is to educate families while building community relationships and encouraging volunteerism.
The document discusses the Happy Hearth Foundation's Chefs on Wheels Community Project. The project aims to combat hunger and malnutrition by bringing together families, volunteers including chefs and nutritionists, to cook and eat meals together. It teaches families healthy cooking, nutrition, and encourages volunteerism in community gardens. The goal is to help make nutritious food affordable and support communities in accessing and preparing good quality, healthy foods.
Nutrition in Chile: Global Challenges, local solutionsDuPont
The Nutrition in Chile: Global Challenges, Local
Solutions is a white paper written by the Economist
Intelligence Unit and sponsored by DuPont. http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com
The Problems of Food Scarcity and Famine in the World, its Impact on Politica...YogeshIJTSRD
This article discusses the problem of global hunger and its impact on socio economic life, absolute and latent hunger and its consequences, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO , the global hunger index, its importance in scientific observation. Rakhmatova Dilnoza Obidovna "The Problems of Food Scarcity and Famine in the World, its Impact on Political, Social and Economic Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Innovative Development of Modern Research , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40075.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-science/40075/the-problems-of-food-scarcity-and-famine-in-the-world-its-impact-on-political-social-and-economic-life/rakhmatova-dilnoza-obidovna
The document discusses several factors that influence population health status, including politics, economics, geography, lifestyle, culture, health care services, education, and demography. It also discusses differences in health issues between developing and developed nations, such as higher rates of communicable diseases and infant mortality in developing countries versus higher rates of chronic diseases in developed countries. Predictions for the 21st century include potential rises in infectious diseases and chronic illnesses due to longer lifespans and urbanization. Mortality rates in infancy and childhood are predicted to decline substantially, though most deaths will still occur in developing areas. Global population is expected to grow to 8 billion by 2025 with increases in life expectancy and numbers of elderly people.
The document discusses malnutrition, hunger, and food security. It defines malnutrition as deficiencies or imbalances in nutrient intake, covering undernutrition and overnutrition. Hunger is defined as a physical discomfort from food shortage or lack of food. Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient nutritious food. The document notes that over 820 million people faced hunger in 2018, with Africa having the highest prevalence. It discusses causes of hunger like poverty, unequal income distribution, and climate change. Impacts include issues with cognitive and physical development as well as increased disease susceptibility. Ending hunger by 2030 will require ensuring year-round access to food, ending all forms of malnutrition, doubling small food producers' productivity and incomes, and
Food Insecurity and Government Intervention for Sustainable Food Access in Od...IJLT EMAS
This paper aims to find out the status and causes of food insecurity and policy measures taken by the government to reduce insecurity in Odisha. The data used in this paper have been collected from different secondary sources like books, journals, news papers, government reports etc.
The study shows that the main cause of food insecurity in Odisha is absence of purchasing power of people to purchase adequate amounts of foods to meet basic minimum food requirements. Purchasing power is absent because of poverty. 9%of the population are extremely food insecure consuming less than 1800 kcl per day. The vulnerability is high in southern and northern regions of the state as well as among SC and ST communities and is more experienced in rural areas than urban areas.
Government of Odisha intervene the situation to counter insecurity through different measures like subsidized distribution of food grains, nutrition provisioning through Anganwadis and mid-day meals, food for work programmes etc. Because of implementation of these measures calories intake of people of KBK regions has increased from 1674.6 kcl in 2004-05 to 1819.0 kcl in 2011-12 and that of non-KBK regions has increased from 2046.5 kcl in 2004-05 to 2076 kcl in 2011-12. Finally, the paper suggests that the government should focus on development of agriculture and employment generation and price stability.
This document discusses key issues related to food security and nutrition. It notes that while progress has been made in reducing hunger and malnutrition, significant challenges remain with over 800 million people still undernourished. Achieving universal food security and nutrition requires holistic, collaborative solutions that promote sustainable and inclusive development. Lessons from pursuing the MDGs show the need for "nutrition-sensitive" approaches that generate income opportunities and resources to improve nutrition, particularly through agriculture-led growth supplemented by social protections.
LDR 625 M7 RED TEAM CLC Assignment with NotesDeliciouscrisp
The document summarizes the Happy Hearth Foundation's Chefs on Wheels community project. The project aims to combat hunger and malnutrition by bringing together volunteers including chefs, cooks, and nutritionists to cook and teach impoverished families about nutrition. Volunteers will visit families in their homes to cook meals with them and provide information about accessing affordable, healthy foods. The goal is to educate families while building community relationships and encouraging volunteerism.
The document discusses the Happy Hearth Foundation's Chefs on Wheels Community Project. The project aims to combat hunger and malnutrition by bringing together families, volunteers including chefs and nutritionists, to cook and eat meals together. It teaches families healthy cooking, nutrition, and encourages volunteerism in community gardens. The goal is to help make nutritious food affordable and support communities in accessing and preparing good quality, healthy foods.
Nutrition in Chile: Global Challenges, local solutionsDuPont
The Nutrition in Chile: Global Challenges, Local
Solutions is a white paper written by the Economist
Intelligence Unit and sponsored by DuPont. http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com
The Problems of Food Scarcity and Famine in the World, its Impact on Politica...YogeshIJTSRD
This article discusses the problem of global hunger and its impact on socio economic life, absolute and latent hunger and its consequences, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO , the global hunger index, its importance in scientific observation. Rakhmatova Dilnoza Obidovna "The Problems of Food Scarcity and Famine in the World, its Impact on Political, Social and Economic Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Innovative Development of Modern Research , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40075.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-science/40075/the-problems-of-food-scarcity-and-famine-in-the-world-its-impact-on-political-social-and-economic-life/rakhmatova-dilnoza-obidovna
The document discusses several factors that influence population health status, including politics, economics, geography, lifestyle, culture, health care services, education, and demography. It also discusses differences in health issues between developing and developed nations, such as higher rates of communicable diseases and infant mortality in developing countries versus higher rates of chronic diseases in developed countries. Predictions for the 21st century include potential rises in infectious diseases and chronic illnesses due to longer lifespans and urbanization. Mortality rates in infancy and childhood are predicted to decline substantially, though most deaths will still occur in developing areas. Global population is expected to grow to 8 billion by 2025 with increases in life expectancy and numbers of elderly people.
The document discusses malnutrition, hunger, and food security. It defines malnutrition as deficiencies or imbalances in nutrient intake, covering undernutrition and overnutrition. Hunger is defined as a physical discomfort from food shortage or lack of food. Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient nutritious food. The document notes that over 820 million people faced hunger in 2018, with Africa having the highest prevalence. It discusses causes of hunger like poverty, unequal income distribution, and climate change. Impacts include issues with cognitive and physical development as well as increased disease susceptibility. Ending hunger by 2030 will require ensuring year-round access to food, ending all forms of malnutrition, doubling small food producers' productivity and incomes, and
The document discusses the nutrition transition, defined as the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that accompanies economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes. It outlines the 5 stages of the nutrition transition: 1) collecting food, 2) famine, 3) receding famine, 4) nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, and 5) behavioral change. Urbanization is contributing to nutrition transitions in developing countries as diets shift toward more processed foods and a more sedentary lifestyle. This nutrition transition is creating a double burden of disease and negatively impacting health systems in developing nations.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
The document discusses the issues of overnutrition and undernutrition in developing countries. It notes that undernutrition is still a problem in some developing countries due to lack of calories and nutrients, while other developing countries are experiencing high rates of obesity due to excessive calorie intake and lack of nutrients. Some developing countries are now dealing with both undernutrition and overnutrition issues. India is provided as an example, where nearly half of children under five suffer from malnutrition, while almost half of teenagers are overweight. The influx of Western fast food chains like McDonald's into India is partly blamed for the rise in obesity. Addressing both undernutrition and overnutrition issues simultaneously in developing countries presents complex ethical challenges.
This document provides an overview of malnutrition, including different types like acute and chronic malnutrition as well as undernutrition and overnutrition. It discusses how malnutrition can negatively impact individuals and development. The document outlines who is most vulnerable to malnutrition, such as young children, pregnant/breastfeeding women, and those with illnesses. It also summarizes key messages about defining and addressing different forms of malnutrition.
Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School...LIDC
The document discusses feeding the world healthily in 2050 and outlines several key challenges:
1) The world population is expected to continue growing, putting pressure on global food systems.
2) There are large disparities in food expenditures between wealthy and poor families worldwide.
3) Malnutrition remains a major risk factor for disease globally and is responsible for many deaths, especially in children under 5.
4) Both undernutrition and overnutrition pose health challenges, with a shift needed toward more nutritious diets.
This document discusses various methods for fighting world hunger including: 1) Improving agriculture to boost incomes by helping smallholder farmers gain skills and market access; 2) Teaching shared responsibility for health and nutrition through education on proper nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene; 3) Empowering women in agriculture by helping them start businesses to feed their families; 4) Managing natural resources and preparing for disasters by teaching sustainable practices and disaster preparedness; and 5) Meeting immediate needs through humanitarian assistance like food aid during crises. It also lists the top 10 world hunger solutions such as sustainable food projects, access to credit and education, food donations, transitioning families to self-sufficiency, and urban farming.
Keith Mirchandani, the founder and CEO of Tristar Products, Inc., has partnered with Feeding America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to hunger relief. While the partnership launched by Keith Mirchandani will direct more attention to the cause, Feeding America will also work independently to relieve hunger in America.
In the United States alone, millions of families live in poverty and face hunger every day. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened this crisis, which has left more than 42 million people vulnerable to hunger.
Each year, Americans waste billions of pounds of food, but hunger continues to be an issue across the country. Feeding America, with a network of 200 food banks and 60,000 food pantries, allocates potentially wasted food to its partner facilities.
Hunger disproportionately affects children, seniors, African Americans, indigenous groups, and other people of color. The poverty rate in the black community is 18.7 percent, while the poverty rate in the white community is only 7.3 percent. To combat such food insecurity inequalities, Feeding America works with national organizations to meet the needs of local communities affected by hunger.
Child Malnutrition in the Developing WorldRoslynPunt
Child malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, where over 1/3 of children under 5 are underweight. Poverty is the primary cause, limiting access to adequate food while lack of food security, maternal education and health, and poor environmental conditions are secondary factors. Malnourished children experience stunted growth and increased risk of diseases. While some children lack adequate nutrition, obesity is increasingly common in developed nations, raising issues of global equality and justice in access to food.
The document provides an overview of nutrition issues for older people (aged 50+) in emergency situations. It discusses that older people are often overlooked in humanitarian responses despite being vulnerable. Key points include:
- Nutritional requirements are similar to adults but more nutrient-dense foods are needed due to decreased activity levels and physiological changes with aging.
- Undernutrition in older people can include acute malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Assessment tools like MUAC are recommended but research is still needed on appropriate indicators.
- Social and psychological factors strongly influence nutrition for older people, so assessments must consider vulnerabilities. Responses require both food and non-food interventions to address multiple determinants of undernutrition.
Food security and its measurement in egyptwalled ashwah
- By 2050, the world will need to feed around 9 billion people, making food security a major global challenge. Many developing countries, especially in Africa, are net food importers and suffer from food insecurity.
- Egypt faces high rates of poverty, unemployment, and food insecurity. Around 17% of Egyptians experienced food insecurity in 2011. Child stunting rates in Egypt are above the regional average.
- Food insecurity in Egypt can be seen as mainly an economic access problem, as there is a high correlation between poverty and food insecurity. 74% of chronically food insecure households live in the poorest Egyptian region of Rural Upper Egypt.
The document discusses global and South African issues related to food security and agriculture. Globally, food prices have risen significantly in recent years, pushing more people into hunger. Key challenges to ensuring global food security include poverty, conflicts, climate change, and the increasing use of food crops for biofuels. In South Africa, while the country produces enough food overall, many people still lack reliable access to adequate nutrition. High unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and historical inequalities continue to undermine food security. Government policies aim to address these challenges and transform the agricultural sector, but more support is needed, particularly for small-scale and women farmers through improved access to resources and markets.
This report published by Food Climate Research Network of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).
Plates, Pyramids, Planet - covers the Developments in National Healthy and Sustainable Guidelines : A State of Play assessment
This document discusses opportunities for resilient agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa. It recommends focusing on building resilient markets, agriculture, and people. Specifically, it suggests reducing food price volatility, facilitating private investment, enabling climate-smart and sustainable intensification, scaling up nutrition programs, and empowering women and youth. Achieving agricultural growth with resilience could significantly improve food security and economic development across Africa.
In October 2011, Earth’s population reaches 7 billion. This global milestone is both a great opportunity and a great challenge. Although people are living longer and healthier
lives, and couples worldwide are choosing to have fewer children, huge inequities persist.
1) Malnutrition is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in parts of Asia and Africa, that is caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and environmental factors.
2) It affects people of all ages but is most harmful to young children, stunting growth and causing millions of child deaths each year.
3) In India, despite being a leading food producer, over one-fourth of the population suffers from hunger daily due to issues like corruption in the public food distribution system and natural disasters that disrupt agriculture.
Presentation by Olivier Ecker at the event: “Tackling food security and nutrition in Egypt: challenges and opportunities” Launch of the findings from the Household, Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey , Tuesday 21 May in Cairo, Egypt.
The document discusses different types of religious organizations: churches, sects, cults, and new religious movements. Churches refer to the body of Christians who follow Christ's teachings. Sects are small religious groups that have broken away from larger denominations to restore original views. Cults are similar to sects but originate outside mainstream traditions, are more secretive, and rely on charismatic leadership. New religious movements are groups with modern origins and novel practices compared to established world religions. Examples of each type are provided.
This presentation discusses the types, signs, causes, diseases, and treatments of malnutrition. It talks about obesity, being underweight, health problems, anemia, marasmus, kwashiorkor, mid-day meals and WHO response to malnutrition.
Module 2 The Healthcare and Nutritional Needs of Seniors.pptxcaniceconsulting
The European Food Nutrition Action Plan 2015-2020 is very much focused on food and nutrition that will lessen the impact of preventable diet related Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and malnutrition or micro-nutrient deficiencies…included in this is the “nutrition for healthy ageing and nutritional care for elderly people”.
We want to empower this mission by informing SMEs /companies like you!
Malnutrition is a major problem in India, affecting nearly half of all children. It impairs physical and cognitive development and increases susceptibility to illness. The main causes are poor maternal health and nutrition, improper infant feeding practices, lack of access to healthcare and sanitation, and gender inequality. Malnutrition costs India billions annually in lost productivity and places a significant burden on the country's development. While India has implemented programs to address malnutrition, more focus and coordinated implementation is still needed to effectively reduce rates of this critical issue.
Malnutrition is defined as an imbalance between the body's needs and intake of nutrients. It can be caused by inadequate intake of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients or macronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The main types of malnutrition are protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) which includes kwashiorkor (protein deficiency) and marasmus (calorie deficiency), and micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition has immediate causes like reduced nutrient absorption and underlying social causes like food insecurity, poverty and lack of healthcare. It can be prevented by improving access to nutritious foods, healthcare, sanitation, and providing nutrition education.
The document discusses the nutrition transition, defined as the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that accompanies economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes. It outlines the 5 stages of the nutrition transition: 1) collecting food, 2) famine, 3) receding famine, 4) nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, and 5) behavioral change. Urbanization is contributing to nutrition transitions in developing countries as diets shift toward more processed foods and a more sedentary lifestyle. This nutrition transition is creating a double burden of disease and negatively impacting health systems in developing nations.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
The document discusses the issues of overnutrition and undernutrition in developing countries. It notes that undernutrition is still a problem in some developing countries due to lack of calories and nutrients, while other developing countries are experiencing high rates of obesity due to excessive calorie intake and lack of nutrients. Some developing countries are now dealing with both undernutrition and overnutrition issues. India is provided as an example, where nearly half of children under five suffer from malnutrition, while almost half of teenagers are overweight. The influx of Western fast food chains like McDonald's into India is partly blamed for the rise in obesity. Addressing both undernutrition and overnutrition issues simultaneously in developing countries presents complex ethical challenges.
This document provides an overview of malnutrition, including different types like acute and chronic malnutrition as well as undernutrition and overnutrition. It discusses how malnutrition can negatively impact individuals and development. The document outlines who is most vulnerable to malnutrition, such as young children, pregnant/breastfeeding women, and those with illnesses. It also summarizes key messages about defining and addressing different forms of malnutrition.
Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School...LIDC
The document discusses feeding the world healthily in 2050 and outlines several key challenges:
1) The world population is expected to continue growing, putting pressure on global food systems.
2) There are large disparities in food expenditures between wealthy and poor families worldwide.
3) Malnutrition remains a major risk factor for disease globally and is responsible for many deaths, especially in children under 5.
4) Both undernutrition and overnutrition pose health challenges, with a shift needed toward more nutritious diets.
This document discusses various methods for fighting world hunger including: 1) Improving agriculture to boost incomes by helping smallholder farmers gain skills and market access; 2) Teaching shared responsibility for health and nutrition through education on proper nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene; 3) Empowering women in agriculture by helping them start businesses to feed their families; 4) Managing natural resources and preparing for disasters by teaching sustainable practices and disaster preparedness; and 5) Meeting immediate needs through humanitarian assistance like food aid during crises. It also lists the top 10 world hunger solutions such as sustainable food projects, access to credit and education, food donations, transitioning families to self-sufficiency, and urban farming.
Keith Mirchandani, the founder and CEO of Tristar Products, Inc., has partnered with Feeding America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to hunger relief. While the partnership launched by Keith Mirchandani will direct more attention to the cause, Feeding America will also work independently to relieve hunger in America.
In the United States alone, millions of families live in poverty and face hunger every day. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened this crisis, which has left more than 42 million people vulnerable to hunger.
Each year, Americans waste billions of pounds of food, but hunger continues to be an issue across the country. Feeding America, with a network of 200 food banks and 60,000 food pantries, allocates potentially wasted food to its partner facilities.
Hunger disproportionately affects children, seniors, African Americans, indigenous groups, and other people of color. The poverty rate in the black community is 18.7 percent, while the poverty rate in the white community is only 7.3 percent. To combat such food insecurity inequalities, Feeding America works with national organizations to meet the needs of local communities affected by hunger.
Child Malnutrition in the Developing WorldRoslynPunt
Child malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, where over 1/3 of children under 5 are underweight. Poverty is the primary cause, limiting access to adequate food while lack of food security, maternal education and health, and poor environmental conditions are secondary factors. Malnourished children experience stunted growth and increased risk of diseases. While some children lack adequate nutrition, obesity is increasingly common in developed nations, raising issues of global equality and justice in access to food.
The document provides an overview of nutrition issues for older people (aged 50+) in emergency situations. It discusses that older people are often overlooked in humanitarian responses despite being vulnerable. Key points include:
- Nutritional requirements are similar to adults but more nutrient-dense foods are needed due to decreased activity levels and physiological changes with aging.
- Undernutrition in older people can include acute malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Assessment tools like MUAC are recommended but research is still needed on appropriate indicators.
- Social and psychological factors strongly influence nutrition for older people, so assessments must consider vulnerabilities. Responses require both food and non-food interventions to address multiple determinants of undernutrition.
Food security and its measurement in egyptwalled ashwah
- By 2050, the world will need to feed around 9 billion people, making food security a major global challenge. Many developing countries, especially in Africa, are net food importers and suffer from food insecurity.
- Egypt faces high rates of poverty, unemployment, and food insecurity. Around 17% of Egyptians experienced food insecurity in 2011. Child stunting rates in Egypt are above the regional average.
- Food insecurity in Egypt can be seen as mainly an economic access problem, as there is a high correlation between poverty and food insecurity. 74% of chronically food insecure households live in the poorest Egyptian region of Rural Upper Egypt.
The document discusses global and South African issues related to food security and agriculture. Globally, food prices have risen significantly in recent years, pushing more people into hunger. Key challenges to ensuring global food security include poverty, conflicts, climate change, and the increasing use of food crops for biofuels. In South Africa, while the country produces enough food overall, many people still lack reliable access to adequate nutrition. High unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and historical inequalities continue to undermine food security. Government policies aim to address these challenges and transform the agricultural sector, but more support is needed, particularly for small-scale and women farmers through improved access to resources and markets.
This report published by Food Climate Research Network of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).
Plates, Pyramids, Planet - covers the Developments in National Healthy and Sustainable Guidelines : A State of Play assessment
This document discusses opportunities for resilient agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa. It recommends focusing on building resilient markets, agriculture, and people. Specifically, it suggests reducing food price volatility, facilitating private investment, enabling climate-smart and sustainable intensification, scaling up nutrition programs, and empowering women and youth. Achieving agricultural growth with resilience could significantly improve food security and economic development across Africa.
In October 2011, Earth’s population reaches 7 billion. This global milestone is both a great opportunity and a great challenge. Although people are living longer and healthier
lives, and couples worldwide are choosing to have fewer children, huge inequities persist.
1) Malnutrition is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in parts of Asia and Africa, that is caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and environmental factors.
2) It affects people of all ages but is most harmful to young children, stunting growth and causing millions of child deaths each year.
3) In India, despite being a leading food producer, over one-fourth of the population suffers from hunger daily due to issues like corruption in the public food distribution system and natural disasters that disrupt agriculture.
Presentation by Olivier Ecker at the event: “Tackling food security and nutrition in Egypt: challenges and opportunities” Launch of the findings from the Household, Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey , Tuesday 21 May in Cairo, Egypt.
The document discusses different types of religious organizations: churches, sects, cults, and new religious movements. Churches refer to the body of Christians who follow Christ's teachings. Sects are small religious groups that have broken away from larger denominations to restore original views. Cults are similar to sects but originate outside mainstream traditions, are more secretive, and rely on charismatic leadership. New religious movements are groups with modern origins and novel practices compared to established world religions. Examples of each type are provided.
This presentation discusses the types, signs, causes, diseases, and treatments of malnutrition. It talks about obesity, being underweight, health problems, anemia, marasmus, kwashiorkor, mid-day meals and WHO response to malnutrition.
Module 2 The Healthcare and Nutritional Needs of Seniors.pptxcaniceconsulting
The European Food Nutrition Action Plan 2015-2020 is very much focused on food and nutrition that will lessen the impact of preventable diet related Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and malnutrition or micro-nutrient deficiencies…included in this is the “nutrition for healthy ageing and nutritional care for elderly people”.
We want to empower this mission by informing SMEs /companies like you!
Malnutrition is a major problem in India, affecting nearly half of all children. It impairs physical and cognitive development and increases susceptibility to illness. The main causes are poor maternal health and nutrition, improper infant feeding practices, lack of access to healthcare and sanitation, and gender inequality. Malnutrition costs India billions annually in lost productivity and places a significant burden on the country's development. While India has implemented programs to address malnutrition, more focus and coordinated implementation is still needed to effectively reduce rates of this critical issue.
Malnutrition is defined as an imbalance between the body's needs and intake of nutrients. It can be caused by inadequate intake of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients or macronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The main types of malnutrition are protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) which includes kwashiorkor (protein deficiency) and marasmus (calorie deficiency), and micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition has immediate causes like reduced nutrient absorption and underlying social causes like food insecurity, poverty and lack of healthcare. It can be prevented by improving access to nutritious foods, healthcare, sanitation, and providing nutrition education.
Economic development and income levels impact food consumption patterns between developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs) in several ways:
1) As income rises, diets shift away from staple crops like cereals toward more meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables. DCs consume more calories and protein per person compared to LDCs.
2) Physical, economic, social and technological factors affect food production intensity. DCs have greater access to technology and financing to intensify agriculture, while fragmented land ownership in LDCs lowers productivity.
3) Inadequate or excessive food consumption impacts health, productivity and economic growth. Malnutrition hinders development in LDCs, while obesity reduces health
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. Specifically, malnutrition is not receiving the correct amount of nutrition. It is increasing in children under the age of five due to providers who cannot afford or do not have access to adequate nutrition. Causes include reduced dietary intake, absorption, increased losses or requirements, and increased energy expenditure. Signs are weight loss, lack of appetite, tiredness, inability to concentrate, feeling cold, depression, and muscle/tissue loss. Forms are undernutrition and overnutrition. Diseases caused are marasmus and anemia. Effects on health are tiredness, reduced ability to perform tasks, reduced muscle strength, and mood changes. Adolesc
This document discusses the importance of integrating nutrition into development efforts. It summarizes 12 briefs on how good nutrition is essential and linked to achieving goals in various areas like health, education, gender equality, poverty reduction, and the environment. Undernutrition levels in developing countries are high, with over 150 million children affected. Improving nutrition can boost outcomes across sectors like reducing child mortality, bolstering education performance, empowering women, and supporting agricultural productivity. The briefs provide evidence of these impacts and recommendations for interventions to integrate nutrition into related policies and programs.
Redina and her family are refugees suffering from malnutrition due to ongoing conflict in their home country. Malnutrition has been a lingering issue in the Democratic Republic of Congo, causing health, economic, and well-being issues. More worldwide collaborative efforts are needed to address malnutrition, not just between local groups but also between international communities.
Malnutrition is a global health issue that contributes to over 1/3 of child deaths worldwide. Prolonged malnutrition can lead to stunted growth and development. Healthcare systems can work collaboratively to address malnutrition by increasing food availability and quality of health environments, as well as improving women's education and status which impacts childcare. International organizations provide aid to developing nations where food insecurity and limited resources contribute to high rates of malnutrition.
Malnutrition has many causes and consequences across all stages of life. It stunts growth, increases disease risk, and impacts cognitive development. Nearly half of under-5 deaths are due to undernutrition. The first 1000 days are critical for preventing stunting through breastfeeding, complementary foods, and maternal nutrition. A holistic, equitable, and multi-sectoral approach is needed to address the triple burden of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition.
1. About 29,000 children under five die every day mainly from preventable causes like pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria, and malnutrition.
2. One of the Millennium Development Goals was to reduce child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Many countries including India have seen a decline in child mortality rates in recent decades.
3. Malnutrition is a major cause of childhood deaths, contributing to over half of all deaths. It weakens the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Proper nutrition is critical, especially for infants and young children.
A balanced diet based on the Eatwell Guide is important for health and preventing diseases like malnutrition. Malnutrition occurs when intake of energy or nutrients is too high or too low and can cause issues like obesity or deficiency diseases. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle can help reduce the risk of diseases like cancer, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis.
Malnutrition can take several forms, including deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, or overall nutrition. Vitamin deficiencies like Vitamin A, which can cause night blindness, or Vitamin C, which is common without fresh fruits and vegetables, are widespread issues in some parts of the world. Mineral deficiencies like iron, which can lead to anemia, or calcium, which can cause osteoporosis, may be due to low intake or absorption. Overall malnutrition can impact growth, physical and mental functioning, and life expectancy. Evaluating individual and societal nutrition status can help identify interventions for those suffering from malnutrition.
The Hidden Epidemic Unveiling the Realities of Food Insecurity.pptAhmadTariq64
Food insecurity, a pervasive and often silent epidemic, continues to affect millions of individuals and families worldwide. Despite living in a world of abundance and technological advancements, the basic need for nourishment remains unmet for a significant portion of the global population. In this article, we delve into the realities of food insecurity, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.
The document discusses malnutrition, defining it as deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in energy and nutrient intake. It describes two types - undernutrition, which includes stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition, which includes overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases. The document outlines the causes, signs, and effects of malnutrition as well as strategies for prevention.
Obesity and malnutrition an international perspective of the paradoxGianluca Tognon
Obesity and malnutrition can occur together due to economic and social factors. In low-income communities, obesogenic foods that are high in calories but low in nutrients are often most affordable and available. This can lead to weight gain while still being malnourished. Additionally, periods of food insecurity may cause people to overeat when food is available to store calories against future uncertainty. Overall, complex social and economic drivers can result in both obesity and malnutrition within the same family or community.
Plant Breeding as a component of public health strategyRajiv Sharma
This document discusses micronutrient malnutrition, also known as "hidden hunger", which afflicts over 40% of the world's population. Billions of people in developing countries suffer from deficiencies in important vitamins and minerals due to their reliance on staple crops that are poor sources of micronutrients. This can seriously damage health, development, and economic productivity. Approaches to address malnutrition include food fortification, supplementation, and biofortification of staple crops through plant breeding to make them more nutritious. The document focuses on the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in India and efforts of organizations like the Micronutrient Initiative to combat these issues in South Asia through integrated national nutrition programs.
This document discusses challenges in poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to poverty and its various types such as absolute poverty, relative poverty, situational poverty, and generational poverty. It then discusses the present status of poverty in Bangladesh and the vicious cycle of poverty. Various methods for poverty alleviation are presented, including education, health interventions, skills training, income redistribution, and microcredit. The role of NGOs, challenges they face in conducting poverty alleviation programs, and lack of sufficient funding are also summarized.
The document discusses India's major problem with malnutrition and proposes solutions. It notes that India is home to many hungry and malnourished people, especially children, and malnutrition contributes to over a third of child deaths in India. It recommends a three-pronged approach - agricultural reforms to promote nutritious crops, providing nutrition supplements to those in need, and creating public awareness about proper nutrition. Specific proposals include distributing supplements through anganwadis, schools, nutrition programs, and engaging NGOs and corporations via CSR initiatives. Extensive awareness campaigns targeting mothers, hospitals, and using various media are also suggested.
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Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
1. BIOLOGIA: lo sviluppo sostenibile
Gli alunni:
• Bennardo Ciddio Erika
• Cuore Francesca
• Plastino Marika
• Fouad Fatima
• Suriano Alessandro
2. • Lo sviluppo sostenibile è in grado di
soddisfare i bisogni delle generazioni
attuali senza compromettere la
possibilità che le generazioni future
riescano a soddisfare i propri.
• Parliamo del concetto di salute, di cibo,
dell’acqua, istruzione, sicurezza,
ambiente, rifiuti, lavoro, uguaglianza e
parità di genere.
3. • Lo sviluppo sostenibile, inoltre è una
forma di sviluppo economico compatibile
con la salvaguardia dell'ambiente e dei
beni liberi per le generazioni future, che
ha dato vita all'economia
sostenibile, appoggiandosi almeno in
parte alla cosiddetta economia verde
• Come indica il WWF nel suo “Living
Planet Report”, vuol dire imparare a
vivere nei limiti di un solo pianeta
4. Per ottenere uno sviluppo delle società umane che
sia sostenibile è necessario che:
l’intervento umano sia limitato entro le capacità di
carico dei sistemi naturali conservandone la loro
vitalità e la loro resilienza;
il progresso tecnologico per la produzione di beni
e servizi venga indirizzato all’incremento
dell’efficienza piuttosto che all’incremento del
flusso di energia e materie prime;
i livelli di prelievo delle risorse non rinnovabili
ecceda le loro capacità rigenerative;
l’emissione di scarti e rifiuti (solidi, liquidi e
gassosi) dovuti al metabolismo dei sistemi sociali
non ecceda la capacità di assimilazione dei
sistemi naturali.
5. • Inoltre lo sviluppo sostenibile
racchiude 3 dimensioni:
Economica
Ambientale
Sociale
Conosciamo anche le 5 P dello sviluppo
sostenibile: pianeta, persone, prosperità,
pace, partnership
6.
7. • Le scelte strategiche che ha fatto l’Italia
nell’area pianeta sono:
1. Arrestare la biodiversità
2. Garantire una gestione sostenibile
delle risorse naturali
3. Creare comunità e territori resilienti
4. Custodire i paesaggi e i beni
culturali
9. Lo stato di nutrizione è la condizione biologica data dal rapporto
tra il fabbisogno di nutrienti e la loro assunzione e utilizzo. Si
parla di equilibrio cioè enutrizione (buona nutrizione) , se
l’equilibrio è alterato si hanno le malnutrizioni.
Le malnutrizioni possono essere:
La nutrizione dovrebbe garantire la crescita, l’efficienza psichica e
fisica e l’ aspettativa di vita di un individuo . Valutando lo stato di
nutrizione sia individuale che generale è possibile avere elementi
utili per programmare interventi di recupero nel caso di
malnutrizione.
I metodi per rilevare lo stato di nutrizione possono essere:
Per difetto, ossia
iponutrizione, che
può essere globale o
di vitamine e minerali
Per eccesso o
iponutrizione
Diretto; attraverso l’altezza, il peso le
analisi del sangue e delle urine,
valutando la capacità di produrre
anticorpi
Indiretti; attraverso la
raccolta di dati sui
consumi alimentari, sui
bilanci alimentari nazionali
etc.
10. Obesità
Obesità ho malnutrizione è frequente nei paesi ricchi e quelli di emergenti;
un eccesso di massa grassa è alla basa di varie patologie come la cardio patia
coronaria, diabete, cancro e ipertensione . l’ obesità Il rischio aumenta con
l’aumentare del peso e varia in base alla distribuzione del grasso nel corpo
L’obesità a mela è la più
pericolosa per la salute,
si riscontra nell’uomo e
nella donna dopo la
menopausa ed è
caratterizzata
dall’accumulo di grasso
intorno alla vita 🍎
L’obesità a forma di pera
è tipica delle donne
giovani, il grasso si
distribuisce sui fianchi,
sul fondoschiena e sulle
cosce 🍐
11. • L’obesità è causata da fattori genetico-costituzionali e ambientali; oltre a questi, la vita
sedentaria e la riduzione dei bisogni energetici concorrono a incrementare l’aumento di peso.
L’obesità comportamentale si riscontra nei bambini , negli adolescenti ma soprattutto nelle
donne che rappresentano un anello critico è più vulnerabile degli uomini alla malnutrizione,
essendo di costituzione più piccola, hanno bisogno di diete meno energetiche, necessitano di
quantità uguali o maggiori di nutrienti, e quindi di nutrirsi con più alta proporzione di apporti
nutritivi. Nella gravidanza e nel parto la malnutrizione fa correre alle donne rischi più gravi,
complicazioni e morte. Fattori legati alla gravidanza sono la causa principale di morte tra donne
di età compresa tra 15 e 19 anni, perché con un fisico non ancora sviluppato e spesso con
deficienze nutritive, corrono un rischio di morte più alto rispetto a quello di madri con età da
20 a 24 anni. La malnutrizione minaccia anche i loro bambini. Ogni anno, la morte di oltre la
metà di 12 milioni di bambini è legata alla malnutrizione, spesso dovuta all’insufficiente
alimentazione della madre durante la gravidanza, a che aumenta la vulnerabilità delle malattie
dei bambini, come ritardo dello sviluppo, malattie dell’apparato respiratorio ma per fortuna le
deficienze micro nutritive possono facilmente essere bloccate con un’adeguata dieta.
12. Malnutrizioni vitaminiche
Le malnutrizioni vitaminiche per difetto sono
piuttosto diffuse in alcune aree del mondo; si
definisce: Avitaminosi,
carenza totale
di vitamine
Ipovitaminosi, carenza
parziale con sintomi palesi
o non manifesti
Vitamina A
è un costituente del
pigmento visivo; la sua
mancanza causa cecità
notturna, alterazione
nella visione dei colori,
prosciugamento della
mucosa
Vitamina K
Essenziale
per la
coagulazion
e del
sangue
Vitamina E
che protegge le
membrane
cellulari causa
anemia, dovuta
alla fragilità dei
globuli rossi
Vitamina D
che controlla il
metabolismo del
calcio, dovuto a una
scarsa esposizione
al sole
Le vitamine liposolubili si suddividono in
13. Le vitamine idrosolubili si suddividono in
La carenza di
Vitamina B1
causa il beri-beri
dovuta dal consumo
di cereali raffinati
caratterizzato da
dimagrimento e
debolezza La carenza di
Vitamina PP
provoca la pellagra,
La malattia nel secolo
scorso era molto
diffusa nelle zone in
cui l’alimentazione era
basata quasi
esclusivamente sul
mais
La Vitamina B9 o
Acido Folico è
facilmente inattivata
dal calore e dall’aria,
per cui la sua carenza
è molto diffusa
La mancanza di
Vitamina C
dovuta a una dieta
priva di frutta e
verdura fresca
14. Malnutrizioni saline
I sali minerali sono sostanze essenziali
e devono quindi essere introdotti con
gli alimenti; una dieta varia ed
equilibrata ne soddisfa il fabbisogno.
Le eventuali carenze possono essere
dovute ad un ridotto assorbimento di
calcio e di ferro.
Il Calcio è un costituente delle ossa; una sua carenza causa
osteoporosi, malattia metabolica caratterizzata dalla
riduzione della massa ossea con conseguente aumento della
fragilità e predisposizione alle fratture. Oltre ad un
insufficiente apporto alimentare, la carenza di calcio può
essere dovuta a diete troppo ricche di proteine, che ne
aumentano l’eliminazione urinaria, e a un ridotto tenore di
vitamina D.
La carenza di Ferro causa
anemia in quanto è un
componente dell’emoglobina,
la proteina dei globuli rossi del
sangue che trasporta
l’ossigeno ai tessuti.
15. Malattie
correlate
all’alimentazione
La carenza o l’eccesso di uno o più nutrienti possono
rappresentare un
fattore di rischio per le malattie cardiovascolari, e abbiamo:
I
infarto
È data dalla morte dei tessuti della
parete del cuore, causata dal ridotto
afflusso di sangue per l’occlusione di
un’arteria coronaria
Ictus
è invece un infarto o una
emorragia cerebrale provocati
dall’occlusione o dalla rottura
di un’arteria
Ipercolesterolemia
ossia elevati livelli di colesterolo nel sangue, può
essere prevenuta riducendo nella dieta la
presenza di grassi saturi a favore dei mono e
polinsaturi.
Ipertensione
L’ipertensione, altro fattore di
rischio per le malattie
cardiovascolari, è dovuta tra l’altro
ad un’elevata quantità di sale d
17. Il lavoro
• «l’economia è una forma di vita: il valore economico è
il prodotto di storie, di persone che si impegnano e si
collegano per produrre significati utili, il valore».
Queste sono le prime parole del «il capitalismo
personale» di A. Bonomi e E. Rullani. Essi dicono che
l’economia sia frutto del lavoro delle varie comunità,
che non è una cosa che riguarda in singolo individuo,
ma che è l’insieme delle storie e delle esperienze di
imprenditori, artigiani, operai… ogni persona, infatti,
possiede capacità differenti e che devono essere
inserite in contesti e ambiti specifici per consentire loro
di portare produttività alla società.
18. Il lavoro, oggi
• Al giorno d’oggi, le tecnologie moderne non hanno
cancellato l’importanza del lavoro artigianale fatto di
creatività e precisione. Oggigiorno il lavoro ha cambiato la
propria prospettiva fornendo anche leggi che tutelano le
donne giovani e madri, ma alcune di queste leggi si
possono adattare anche ai giovani lavoratori. Purtroppo
anche se le tecnologie avanzano, sul lavoro son presenti
ancora numerosi infortuni, però le ditte per esempio
forniscono protezioni per i lavoratori come: casco, cinture e
scarpe adatte, però continuano ad esserci numerosi
infortuni. Oggi ci si basa su molto lavoro di squadra, infatti i
migliori progetti sono frutto del lavoro di squadra, inoltre è
in forte crescita il settore cosiddetto terziario.
19. Il lavoro nella storia
• Il lavoro diventa fondamentale già all’inizio della storia dell’umanità. L’uomo, grazie
al lavoro fisico e intellettuale è riuscito ad abbattere le varie difficoltà che trovava
nel sopravvivere. L’uomo si distingue dagli altri animali per l’uso di strumenti che
diventeranno sempre più complessi con l’avanzare della storia. L’uomo inoltre,
riesce a trarre vantaggio dalla natura che ha imparato a modificare in modo
propedeutico. Con l’avanzare della storia, l’umanità imparerà a coltivare i campi e
allevare bestiame, grazie a questo progresso si potrà arrivare al punto di avere
scorte per tutto l’anno, inoltre nascerà lo scambio che porterà un cambiamento
radicale, cioè ormai l’uomo non aveva più bisogno di produrre qualcosa ma poteva
scambiarla con altre società, nascerà il mercato. Con la nascita del mercato nascerà
anche la moneta, che non diminuirà il baratto. L’uomo troverà necessità nel
lavorare in gruppo, nasce il lavoro organizzato, nasceranno le civiltà organizzate, si
formeranno gruppi in cui ognuno contribuisce alla produzione di un dato bene,
ognuno con le proprie capacità, strumenti e materie prime di cui dispone, nasce
l’artigianato che ancora oggi rappresenta un lavoro autonomo fatto da mani
esperte, ai tempi alcuni lavori erano retribuiti, cioè ricevevano un compenso in
base al lavoro svolto. Le persone che avevano una stessa dote formavano le
cooperative, nasce allora l’impresa, cioè un’attività organizzata per scambiare
qualsiasi tipo di bene o servizio.
20. Il lavoro nell’era moderna
• Oggi le imprese sono capitanate da un imprenditore,
egli stabilisce che cosa vuole mettere in commercio e
che cosa vuole produrre, egli acquista i mezzi di
produzione e le materie prime. L’imprenditore non
svolge il lavoro, ma viene svolto da persone che
ricevono un compenso a fine dell’opera, l’imprenditore
assume gli operai, che sono lavoratori dipendenti che
possono essere licenziati a scadenza del contratto e
che ricevono un salario mensile. Il mondo della
produzione è governato dalla necessità di creare
profitto per progredire nel bene della società.
21. I diritti dei lavoratori
• Numerosi sono i diritti del lavoratore, a cui corrispondono
specularmente altrettanti obblighi a carico del datore di
lavoro. Possiamo, anzitutto, dividerli in due categorie:
Diritti patrimoniali
Rientra in questa categoria il diritto del lavoratore a
percepire un corrispettivo per la sua prestazione lavorativa:
il diritto alla retribuzione. Il lavoratore, infatti, ha diritto a
percepire una retribuzione che sia proporzionata alla
quantità (tempo di lavoro) e qualità (mansioni svolte) del
suo lavoro e che sia sufficiente ad assicurare a sé e alla sua
famiglia un’esistenza libera e dignitosa. I contratti nazionali
di categoria o di settore stabiliscono quale deve essere il
livello minimo vincolante per tutti i rapporti di lavoro
rientranti in quella categoria o settore. Il lavoro svolto nelle
giornate festive (quali domenica, Natale, Pasqua), peraltro,
dà diritto ad una maggiorazione retributiva rispetto allo
stesso lavoro svolto nei giorni feriali.
22. Diritti personali
Diritto alla salute e alla sicurezza delle condizioni di lavoro. Tra i
diritti del lavoratore quello più importante concerne la sicurezza sul
lavoro, considerato che la salute è un diritto fondamentale
dell’individuo ed interesse della collettività. Di converso, il datore di
lavoro ha l’obbligo di adottare tutte le misure che, secondo la
particolarità del lavoro, si rendono necessarie al fine di preservare
l’integrità fisica e la personalità morale del lavoratore. Il datore
deve garantire condizioni di lavoro sicure e non eccessivamente
stressanti ovvero un ambiente di lavoro non nocivo per la salute
dei lavoratori. Da non trascurare i diritti dei dipendenti al riposo e
alle ferie retribuite. Il lavoratore ha diritto a undici ore di riposo
consecutivo ogni ventiquattro ore. Qualora l’orario di lavoro ecceda
le sei ore giornaliere è prevista una pausa per il recupero delle
energie psico-fisiche e la consumazione del pasto. Il lavoratore
dipendente ha l’irrinunciabile diritto al riposo settimanale: ogni
sette giorni deve fruire di un riposo di almeno ventiquattro ore
consecutive, che di regola coincide con la domenica. Altro
irrinunciabile diritto del lavoratore riguarda il godimento di un
periodo annuale di ferie retribuite, la cui durata minima è stabilita
in quattro settimane, elevabili dai contratti collettivi
23. Diritto alla maternità e alla paternità
Tutte le lavoratrici hanno diritto a godere di un periodo
di maternità senza subire alcuna ritorsione da parte del
datore di lavoro o rischiare addirittura di perdere il
posto. È previsto, infatti, che la donna possa chiedere
di astenersi dal lavoro nei due mesi precedenti la data
presunta del parto e fino ai tre mesi successivi al parto
medesimo. La futura mamma, peraltro, ha diritto a
permessi retribuiti per effettuare visite mediche o
esami specialistici.
Diritto di adempiere a funzioni pubbliche
Un altro diritto del lavoratore dipendente concerne la
conservazione del posto di lavoro per l’intera durata
del mandato politico o amministrativo. In altri termini,
chi svolge funzioni pubbliche o riveste cariche sindacali
viene collocato in un periodo di aspettativa pari alla
durata del mandato senza erogazione della
retribuzione.
24. Diritti sindacali
I diritti sindacali sono diritti dei lavoratori dipendenti, che
trovano una loro disciplina specifica nello Statuto dei
lavoratori. Ecco brevemente quali sono:
1. diritto di costituire associazioni sindacali, di aderirvi e di
svolgere attività sindacale nei luoghi di lavoro
2. diritto di assemblea, cioè di riunirsi all’interno dell’unità
produttiva
3. diritto ad indire un referendum per vagliare l’opinione
del singolo su materie inerenti l’attività sindacale
4. diritto a raccogliere contributi e svolgere opera di
proselitismo per la loro organizzazione sindacale
Una considerazione speciale merita il diritto dei lavoratori
dipendenti di interrompere la loro attività in modo
continuativo e collettivo per perseguire un interesse
comune: il cd. diritto di sciopero.
Tutti i dipendenti, pubblici e privati, possono esercitare tale
diritto, conservando il posto di lavoro e non percependo
alcuna retribuzione per le giornate di sciopero.