The document discusses the relationship between transport and public health, noting that transport creates health risks through air pollution, road safety issues, and reduced physical activity. It argues that traditional transport approaches focused on predicting and accommodating increased auto traffic have resulted in increased auto dependency and are unsustainable. However, developing countries have an opportunity to adopt more sustainable transport solutions, as seen in examples from cities in Latin America and Asia. The key challenges to sustainable transport are rapid urbanization and motorization trends in developing nations. Overcoming these challenges requires shifting priorities from motor vehicles to people through integrated planning focused on avoiding unnecessary trips, shifting trips to more sustainable modes, and improving transport networks.

1. Sustainable Transport Saves LivesChallenges and Opportunities for Urban India Darío Hidalgo, PhD Director of Research and Practice EMBARQ, The WRI Center forSustainableTransport Urban Mobility India Delhi, December 3-5 2010

2. Principles Most premature deaths are preventable and predictable Transport creates health risk factors at three levels: Emission of Air Pollutants Road Safety Physical Activity

3. Transport is related to 5 of the 12 leading causes of premature death and disability Source: WHO Global Burden of Disease project, 2002 DALY: Disability-adjusted life year. A health-gap measure that combines information on the number of years lost from premature death with the loss of health from disability

4. Transport sector traditional approaches do not help health, nor other aspects of sustainability Predict(auto traffic) and provide (road capacity) approach has resulted in auto dependency

5. Developing countries have the opportunity to follow a sustainable path through alternative transport solutions Guayaquil Sao Paulo Santiago Manila

6. http://www.embarq.org/en/india-transport-indicators

7. http://www.embarq.org/en/india-transport-indicators

8. Sustainable Transport ASI Framework

9. Sustainable Transport ASI Framework

10. Sustainable Transport ASI Framework

11. Sustainable Transport Reduces Risk Factors

12. Challenges for ASI Sustainable Transport Population Growth Motorization Inertia of “business-as-usual” solutions Lack of Resources Financial Human Capital

13. Urbanization is happening quickly Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The 2007 Revision

14. India urban population will surpass Latin America and the Caribbean by 2030 Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The 2007 Revision

15. Motorization grows with economic growth Nottothesamelevel in every country Source: Lee Schipper, University of California, Berkeley, 2009

16. Auto use is not correlated with economic growth Automobile Use and Regional Economy USA Regional Gross Product per Capita (US$ 1990) Europe Trend Automobile Use (km per year per person) Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barte, Worrld Bank, 1997

17. Inertia of “BAU” TransportSolutions?

18. Building highways end result Congestion Urban Sprawl

19. More vehicle use  more air pollutant emissions Source: Observatorio Movilidad Urbana CAF http://omu.caf.com/

20. More vehicle use  more accidents Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more than Toronto (1990) Road Safety USA Road Traffic Deaths per 100,000 population Europe Trend Automobile Use (km per year per person) Fuente: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barte, Worrld Bank, 1997

21. US States (urban roads only) 2008 Source: Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2008 Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

22. German cities (2003 – 2006) Source: Eurostat, the European Commission’s Directorate General for Statistics, 2006 Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

23. Australian States and Territories (2009) Source: Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 2009 Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

24. South African Provinces (2003) Source: Arrive Alive, a road safety database endorsed by the South African Government, 2003; Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

25. Latin American Cities (2008) Source: Andean Development Corporation (CAF) 2010 Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

26. VKT and fatalities over time (United States, 1990 – 2008) Traffic Fatalities 1990-2008: 792 860 VKT 1990: 37 km/person/day VKT 2008: 42 km/person/day Traffic Fatalities at VKT (1990) :721 753 (est.). Lives that could have been saved 1990-2008 ~71 000 (9%) Source: US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009 Analysis: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

28. single use

29. poor connectivity

30. auto orientedUrban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

31. Increasing physical activity: Improving connectivity Source: Cervero, Robert , Sarmiento, Olga L. , Jacoby, Enrique , Gomez, Luis Fernando and Neiman, Andrea. 2009. Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 3: 4, 203 — 226 Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

32. Increasing physical activity: 2. Increasing density Source: Cervero, R., K. Kockelman. 1997. Travel Demand and the 3Ds: Density, Diversity and Design. Transportation Research Part D, vol.2 issue 3, pp. 199-219. Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

33. Increasing physical activity: 2. Increasing density Source: Cervero, R., K. Kockelman. 1997. Travel Demand and the 3Ds: Density, Diversity and Design. Transportation Research Part D, vol.2 issue 3, pp. 199-219. Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

34. Increasing physical activity: 3. Mixed use, transit oriented development Sources: Rundle A, Roux A, Free L, Miller D, Neckerman K, Weiss C. 2007. The urban built environment and obesity in New York City: A multilevel analysis. American Journal of Health Promotion 24(4S):326–334. Cervero and Kockelman, op. cit. Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

35. Increasing physical activity: 4. Provision of parks Sources: Gomez, L.F., D.C. Parra, D. Buchner, R.C. Brownson, O. Sarmiento, J.D. Pinzon, M. Ardilla, J. Moreno, M. Serrato, F. Lobelo. 2010. Built Environment Attributes and Walking Patterns Among the Elderly Population in Bogota. American Journal of Preventive Medicine; 38(6) pp. 592-599. Zlot, A.I., T. Schmid. 2005. Relationships Among Community Characteristics and Walking and Bicycling for Transportation or Recreation. American Journal of Health Promotion, March-April 2005, vol.19, no.4. Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

36. Increasing physical activity: 5. Safe, multi-modal streets, with priority for non motorized modes (increased capacity for people) Sources: Lopez, R. 2004. Urban Sprawl and Risk for Being Overweight and Obese. American Journal of Public Health, September 2004, vol. 94, no.9 Viola, R., M. Roe, H, Shin. 2010. The New York City Pedestrian Safety Study and Action Plan. New York City Department of Transportation: August 2010, p. A12. Cervero, R., K. Kockelman. 1997. Travel Demand and the 3Ds: Density, Diversity and Design. Transportation Research Part D, vol.2 issue 3, pp. 199-219. Urban design and rendering: Nicolae Duduta, EMBARQ

37. Key Messages Challenge is large: urban and motor vehicle growth, strong barriers: financial, physical, institutional, cultural Predict-and-provide approach is not sustainable Avoind-shift-improve through active and public transport, demand management, integrated urban development High impact, fast implementation, low cost, structural change Excellent examples in developing and developed countries Requires political leadership to change of paradigms: people first not the motor vehicles

38. ¡Muchas Gracias!