The main purpose of our study is to present the corrective movement of impacted canines using various surgical-orthodontic techniques Materials and method: Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure. Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. For this study we used only the batch of patients who presented upper impacted canine. Depending on the clinical status, we used the following surgical techniques: repositioned flap, gingival translation flap, window flap method and local mesh application. After surgery for 39 patients we considered that canine traction with an orthodontic device was necessary in order to obtain a vertical position of the teeth. The orthodontic systems used were: fixed orthodontics, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum). Results and discussion: We used the repositioned flap for 39patients with deep impacted canines in order to uncover the teeth and to bond an auxiliary orthodontic device, the gingival translation flap for 27 patients with superficial impacted canines: 10cases with apical translation and 2 with lateral and apical translation. The window flap was used for 22 patients with palatal impaction. After surgery all patients continued orthodontic treatment in order to correct every dental malposition and to obtain a neutral occlusion with esthetical, functional and stabile results.
Maxillary canine impaction is a common orthodontic problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Impacted canines can occur for localized reasons such as arch length discrepancies or systemic/genetic factors. Treatment involves surgical exposure followed by orthodontic alignment and may require prolonged retention. Factors such as canine position, available space, and patient age influence the specific treatment approach and prognosis.
This document provides information about flap surgery procedures in periodontics. It discusses the purposes of flap surgery, which include gaining access to deeper periodontal structures, relocating the frenulum, maintaining attached tissue, and eliminating pockets. It outlines the indications for flap surgery as well as contraindications. It then describes principles of flap design such as base width and length, blood supply, and avoiding tension. Different types of flaps and incisions are presented, along with techniques for suturing flaps. The document provides an overview of flap surgery procedures in periodontics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Arch space analysis methods estimate tooth size and jaw size relationships. Space analysis compares available space to required space for proper tooth alignment.
2. Methods are classified by tooth size estimation method, arch length estimation method, developmental stage, and estimation/digitization method.
3. Common methods include measurements from radiographs, prediction tables using erupted tooth sizes, and combinations of methods. Nance analysis accounts for space changes between deciduous and permanent dentitions.
An impacted tooth is one that fails to erupt into the dental arch at the proper time. Wisdom teeth and canines are most commonly impacted. Canine impaction occurs in 2% of people and is more common in females. It is caused by overcrowding or issues during tooth development. Impacted canines can cause problems like cysts, infections, and damage to nearby teeth if not treated. Treatment options include exposing and orthodontically moving the tooth, extraction, or leaving it with monitoring. Proper diagnosis and management of impacted canines is important for dental health and aesthetics.
This document discusses the management of impacted canines. It begins with definitions and the most commonly impacted teeth. It then covers the incidence, classification, etiology, theories, localization, and prognosis of canine impactions. Regarding management, it discusses interceptive treatment, surgical exposure techniques for labial and palatal impactions, methods of applying orthodontic traction, and retention considerations. Radiographic diagnosis methods including periapical films, occlusal views, parallax technique, and CT are also summarized.
Diagnosis-orthodontic /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Maxillary canine impaction is a common orthodontic problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Impacted canines can occur for localized reasons such as arch length discrepancies or systemic/genetic factors. Treatment involves surgical exposure followed by orthodontic alignment and may require prolonged retention. Factors such as canine position, available space, and patient age influence the specific treatment approach and prognosis.
This document provides information about flap surgery procedures in periodontics. It discusses the purposes of flap surgery, which include gaining access to deeper periodontal structures, relocating the frenulum, maintaining attached tissue, and eliminating pockets. It outlines the indications for flap surgery as well as contraindications. It then describes principles of flap design such as base width and length, blood supply, and avoiding tension. Different types of flaps and incisions are presented, along with techniques for suturing flaps. The document provides an overview of flap surgery procedures in periodontics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Arch space analysis methods estimate tooth size and jaw size relationships. Space analysis compares available space to required space for proper tooth alignment.
2. Methods are classified by tooth size estimation method, arch length estimation method, developmental stage, and estimation/digitization method.
3. Common methods include measurements from radiographs, prediction tables using erupted tooth sizes, and combinations of methods. Nance analysis accounts for space changes between deciduous and permanent dentitions.
An impacted tooth is one that fails to erupt into the dental arch at the proper time. Wisdom teeth and canines are most commonly impacted. Canine impaction occurs in 2% of people and is more common in females. It is caused by overcrowding or issues during tooth development. Impacted canines can cause problems like cysts, infections, and damage to nearby teeth if not treated. Treatment options include exposing and orthodontically moving the tooth, extraction, or leaving it with monitoring. Proper diagnosis and management of impacted canines is important for dental health and aesthetics.
This document discusses the management of impacted canines. It begins with definitions and the most commonly impacted teeth. It then covers the incidence, classification, etiology, theories, localization, and prognosis of canine impactions. Regarding management, it discusses interceptive treatment, surgical exposure techniques for labial and palatal impactions, methods of applying orthodontic traction, and retention considerations. Radiographic diagnosis methods including periapical films, occlusal views, parallax technique, and CT are also summarized.
Diagnosis-orthodontic /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses principles of incisions and flap design for minor oral surgery. It describes five basic principles of incisions, including using a sharp blade, making firm continuous strokes, avoiding cutting vital structures, holding the blade perpendicular to epithelial surfaces, and properly placing incisions. It also outlines various types of mucoperiosteal flaps like envelope, three-corner, four-corner, semilunar, Y-incision, and pedicle flaps. Complications of flap design like necrosis, dehiscence, tearing, and injury are addressed. Considerations for flap design include ensuring an adequate blood supply, avoiding tension, and not crossing bony prominences.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth [autosaved]CPGIDSH
1. An endodontically treated tooth can function well if restored properly, but special techniques are needed due to loss of tooth structure from previous treatments.
2. Factors such as root length, tooth anatomy, amount of remaining coronal structure, and stress factors must be considered when selecting a post and core system.
3. Post options include custom cast posts or prefabricated posts made of metal, fiber-reinforced composite, carbon fiber, or zirconia. Core materials include cast cores or direct cores made of amalgam, composite, or glass ionomer cement.
The Hybrid Hyrax Distalizer is a new all-in-one orthodontic appliance that uses mini-implants for skeletal anchorage. It allows for (1) rapid palatal expansion to correct maxillary deficiencies, (2) application of protraction forces via facemask therapy to advance the maxilla, and (3) distalization of the upper molars without dental anchorage loss. A case report describes using the Hybrid Hyrax Distalizer for a 10-year old boy with severe class III malocclusion. It resulted in significant maxillary skeletal and dental changes over 14 months of treatment.
This document outlines orthognathic surgery procedures. It discusses diagnosis and planning, including indications, contraindications, and special considerations. Presurgical orthodontics including decompensation and arch coordination are described. Surgical techniques for the maxilla include LeFort I, II, III osteotomies and segmental procedures. For the mandible, procedures include sagittal split and vertical subsigmoid osteotomies. Splint fabrication and post-surgical care are also covered.
This document discusses open bite, including definitions, classifications, anterior open bite (AOB), and posterior open bite (POB). It defines open bite as a malocclusion where there is no vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular anterior or posterior teeth. AOB is more common than POB and can be caused by factors like thumb sucking, increased vertical facial proportions, tongue posture, mouth breathing, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves assessing medical history and performing tests like the Overbite Depth Indicator. Treatment aims to correct the underlying causes and close the open bite.
This document provides an overview of distraction osteogenesis. It discusses the history of distraction techniques dating back to the early 1900s. It then covers the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of distraction osteogenesis. The document explains the biology and phases of distraction osteogenesis including osteotomy, latency, distraction, consolidation, and remodeling. It discusses variables in the distraction phase such as rate and rhythm. Overall, the document provides a high-level summary of distraction osteogenesis techniques and processes.
This document discusses ectopic eruption of permanent first molars, which occurs when a first molar is blocked from complete eruption by the primary second molar. It has an incidence of 2-6% and is more common unilaterally and in the maxilla. Causes may include genetics, developmental disorders, increased tooth size/eruption angle, and small jaws. Complications include pulpitis, pain, premature tooth loss, and migration. Treatment depends on the severity of resorption and mobility, and may include observation, exposing impacted teeth, or using appliances to distalize and make space for impacted molars. Early space regaining after losing primary molars can help prevent problems like tipping, rotation
The document discusses temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used in orthodontic treatment. It defines TADs as devices that are temporarily fixed to bone to enhance orthodontic anchorage and are later removed. The document covers the history of TADs, classifications based on materials and design, indications for use, surgical procedures for placement, and factors involved in success and failure. It provides examples of different TAD systems and discusses considerations for biomechanics, long-term stability and failure of implants.
The document discusses mandibular fractures, including:
- Common sites of mandibular fractures include the body, angle, and condyle.
- Fractures can be classified based on features like simplicity, involvement of soft tissue, and anatomical region.
- Clinical examination and radiographic imaging are used to diagnose fractures.
- Treatment principles include reduction, fixation, and immobilization which can be done through closed or open reduction, intermaxillary fixation, and osteosynthesis methods like miniplates.
- Factors like fracture site, patient age, and time of treatment determine immobilization period.
presentation about impacted canine incidence, prevalence,classification,diagnosis, localization and treatment options including surgical and non surgical modalities
- Impacted teeth present challenges for orthodontists in terms of tooth movement, esthetics, and functional outcomes.
- Impacted canines in particular are the second most common impacted tooth after third molars, with palatal impaction being more common than buccal impaction.
- Factors affecting treatment of impacted canines include patient motivation and cooperation, age, position and angulation of the canine, space availability, and dental health. Treatment may involve extraction of deciduous canines, surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment, or surgical removal of the impacted canine depending on the specific clinical situation.
This document provides an overview of maxillary and midface osteotomies. It begins with an introduction discussing the history and goals of orthognathic surgery. It then covers various osteotomy techniques including single tooth, anterior maxillary, posterior maxillary, Lefort I, II, and III osteotomies. For each technique, it discusses the relevant history, indications, surgical approach, complications, and advances. It emphasizes the Lefort I osteotomy as the mainstay procedure, covering its evolution, blood supply considerations, rigid fixation approaches, and indications. In summary, the document comprehensively reviews different maxillary osteotomy techniques for orthognathic surgery.
This document discusses maxillary canine impaction, including its classification, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. It provides an overview of the development and eruption path of maxillary canines. Common causes of impaction include lack of guidance from lateral incisors and insufficient arch length. Diagnosis involves radiography such as panoramic x-rays and CT scans to determine the three-dimensional position. Treatment options discussed include surgical exposure and applying traction to erupt the canine either buccally or palatally depending on its position.
This document discusses chin augmentation procedures and classifications of chin deformities. It describes various techniques for genioplasty including horizontal sliding osteotomy, vertical and horizontal adjustments, and implant materials. Complications of chin augmentation are also reviewed such as wound issues, neurosensory disturbances, implant failure or resorption. Different classifications of chin deformities are presented including macrogenia, microgenia, asymmetries, and soft tissue abnormalities. Preoperative evaluation and historical procedures are also summarized.
The document discusses one-stage and two-stage implant placement procedures. In a two-stage procedure, implants are placed and submerged under soft tissue and allowed to heal for 2-6 months before being exposed in a second surgery. In a one-stage procedure, the implant or abutment emerges through soft tissue at initial placement. The document outlines the steps for implant site preparation, placement, flap closure, post-operative care, and second-stage exposure surgery in a two-stage approach.
Osteoradionecrosis is bone necrosis that occurs in the radiation treatment volume months after treatment. It is caused by loss of vasculature due to radiation damage. Risk factors include radiation dose over 6500 cGy, chemotherapy, brachytherapy, and post-radiation dental extractions. Advanced cases can lead to fistulas, fractures, and discontinuity defects impacting functions like speech and swallowing.
This document discusses the correction of Class 3 skeletal problems using reverse pull headgear or facemasks. It begins by describing Class 3 malocclusions that are due to maxillary deficiency or mandibular excess. It then discusses the types and etiology of Class 3 malocclusions. Reasons for treating Class 3 issues are provided. The document focuses on describing reverse pull headgear and facemasks, including their definition, indications, components, types, force parameters, biomechanics, treatment completion indications, advantages, and effects.
This study investigated the cause of darkening seen on panoramic radiographs of mandibular third molars. 83 patients who showed dark bands on third molar roots underwent surgical removal. During surgery, the roots were examined to determine if darkening was caused by exposure of the inferior alveolar nerve, a groove or hook in the root, or thickening of the lingual cortical bone. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze associations between darkening and nerve exposure or root morphology. The results provide insight into the exact intra-alveolar causes of this panoramic radiograph finding to improve risk assessment for nerve injury during third molar removal.
Titanium Button With Chain by Watted For Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Max...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the outcome of using a titanium button with chain by Watted for orthodontic traction of 82 impacted maxillary canines in patients between 2006-2013. Following surgical exposure of the impacted teeth, an orthodontic traction hook with a titanium button and chain was bonded to each tooth. All teeth were successfully erupted with few complications. Forced orthodontic eruption using a well-bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain in conjunction with surgery resulted in predictable orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines.
Titanium Button With Chain by Watted For Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Ma...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Advances in bonding techniques and materials allow for reliable bracket placement on ectopically positioned teeth. This prospective study evaluates the outcome of forced orthodontic eruption of impacted canine teeth in both palatal and labial positions. Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure. Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. A periodontal dressing was placed over the surgical site for a period of time. All teeth were successfully erupted. Complications consisted of: failure of initial bond, at the time of surgery, which required rebonding; premature debonding at the time of pack removal and; debonding of brackets during orthodontic eruption. There was no infection, eruption failure, ankylosis, resorption or periodontal defect (pocket greater than 3 mm) associated with any of the exposed teeth. Forced orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines with a well bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain, used in conjunction with a palatal flap or an apically repositioned labial flap, results in predictable orthodontic eruption with few complications. Key Words: cuspid/surgery; orthodontics, corrective; tooth, impacted/therapy
This document discusses principles of incisions and flap design for minor oral surgery. It describes five basic principles of incisions, including using a sharp blade, making firm continuous strokes, avoiding cutting vital structures, holding the blade perpendicular to epithelial surfaces, and properly placing incisions. It also outlines various types of mucoperiosteal flaps like envelope, three-corner, four-corner, semilunar, Y-incision, and pedicle flaps. Complications of flap design like necrosis, dehiscence, tearing, and injury are addressed. Considerations for flap design include ensuring an adequate blood supply, avoiding tension, and not crossing bony prominences.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth [autosaved]CPGIDSH
1. An endodontically treated tooth can function well if restored properly, but special techniques are needed due to loss of tooth structure from previous treatments.
2. Factors such as root length, tooth anatomy, amount of remaining coronal structure, and stress factors must be considered when selecting a post and core system.
3. Post options include custom cast posts or prefabricated posts made of metal, fiber-reinforced composite, carbon fiber, or zirconia. Core materials include cast cores or direct cores made of amalgam, composite, or glass ionomer cement.
The Hybrid Hyrax Distalizer is a new all-in-one orthodontic appliance that uses mini-implants for skeletal anchorage. It allows for (1) rapid palatal expansion to correct maxillary deficiencies, (2) application of protraction forces via facemask therapy to advance the maxilla, and (3) distalization of the upper molars without dental anchorage loss. A case report describes using the Hybrid Hyrax Distalizer for a 10-year old boy with severe class III malocclusion. It resulted in significant maxillary skeletal and dental changes over 14 months of treatment.
This document outlines orthognathic surgery procedures. It discusses diagnosis and planning, including indications, contraindications, and special considerations. Presurgical orthodontics including decompensation and arch coordination are described. Surgical techniques for the maxilla include LeFort I, II, III osteotomies and segmental procedures. For the mandible, procedures include sagittal split and vertical subsigmoid osteotomies. Splint fabrication and post-surgical care are also covered.
This document discusses open bite, including definitions, classifications, anterior open bite (AOB), and posterior open bite (POB). It defines open bite as a malocclusion where there is no vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular anterior or posterior teeth. AOB is more common than POB and can be caused by factors like thumb sucking, increased vertical facial proportions, tongue posture, mouth breathing, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves assessing medical history and performing tests like the Overbite Depth Indicator. Treatment aims to correct the underlying causes and close the open bite.
This document provides an overview of distraction osteogenesis. It discusses the history of distraction techniques dating back to the early 1900s. It then covers the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of distraction osteogenesis. The document explains the biology and phases of distraction osteogenesis including osteotomy, latency, distraction, consolidation, and remodeling. It discusses variables in the distraction phase such as rate and rhythm. Overall, the document provides a high-level summary of distraction osteogenesis techniques and processes.
This document discusses ectopic eruption of permanent first molars, which occurs when a first molar is blocked from complete eruption by the primary second molar. It has an incidence of 2-6% and is more common unilaterally and in the maxilla. Causes may include genetics, developmental disorders, increased tooth size/eruption angle, and small jaws. Complications include pulpitis, pain, premature tooth loss, and migration. Treatment depends on the severity of resorption and mobility, and may include observation, exposing impacted teeth, or using appliances to distalize and make space for impacted molars. Early space regaining after losing primary molars can help prevent problems like tipping, rotation
The document discusses temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used in orthodontic treatment. It defines TADs as devices that are temporarily fixed to bone to enhance orthodontic anchorage and are later removed. The document covers the history of TADs, classifications based on materials and design, indications for use, surgical procedures for placement, and factors involved in success and failure. It provides examples of different TAD systems and discusses considerations for biomechanics, long-term stability and failure of implants.
The document discusses mandibular fractures, including:
- Common sites of mandibular fractures include the body, angle, and condyle.
- Fractures can be classified based on features like simplicity, involvement of soft tissue, and anatomical region.
- Clinical examination and radiographic imaging are used to diagnose fractures.
- Treatment principles include reduction, fixation, and immobilization which can be done through closed or open reduction, intermaxillary fixation, and osteosynthesis methods like miniplates.
- Factors like fracture site, patient age, and time of treatment determine immobilization period.
presentation about impacted canine incidence, prevalence,classification,diagnosis, localization and treatment options including surgical and non surgical modalities
- Impacted teeth present challenges for orthodontists in terms of tooth movement, esthetics, and functional outcomes.
- Impacted canines in particular are the second most common impacted tooth after third molars, with palatal impaction being more common than buccal impaction.
- Factors affecting treatment of impacted canines include patient motivation and cooperation, age, position and angulation of the canine, space availability, and dental health. Treatment may involve extraction of deciduous canines, surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment, or surgical removal of the impacted canine depending on the specific clinical situation.
This document provides an overview of maxillary and midface osteotomies. It begins with an introduction discussing the history and goals of orthognathic surgery. It then covers various osteotomy techniques including single tooth, anterior maxillary, posterior maxillary, Lefort I, II, and III osteotomies. For each technique, it discusses the relevant history, indications, surgical approach, complications, and advances. It emphasizes the Lefort I osteotomy as the mainstay procedure, covering its evolution, blood supply considerations, rigid fixation approaches, and indications. In summary, the document comprehensively reviews different maxillary osteotomy techniques for orthognathic surgery.
This document discusses maxillary canine impaction, including its classification, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. It provides an overview of the development and eruption path of maxillary canines. Common causes of impaction include lack of guidance from lateral incisors and insufficient arch length. Diagnosis involves radiography such as panoramic x-rays and CT scans to determine the three-dimensional position. Treatment options discussed include surgical exposure and applying traction to erupt the canine either buccally or palatally depending on its position.
This document discusses chin augmentation procedures and classifications of chin deformities. It describes various techniques for genioplasty including horizontal sliding osteotomy, vertical and horizontal adjustments, and implant materials. Complications of chin augmentation are also reviewed such as wound issues, neurosensory disturbances, implant failure or resorption. Different classifications of chin deformities are presented including macrogenia, microgenia, asymmetries, and soft tissue abnormalities. Preoperative evaluation and historical procedures are also summarized.
The document discusses one-stage and two-stage implant placement procedures. In a two-stage procedure, implants are placed and submerged under soft tissue and allowed to heal for 2-6 months before being exposed in a second surgery. In a one-stage procedure, the implant or abutment emerges through soft tissue at initial placement. The document outlines the steps for implant site preparation, placement, flap closure, post-operative care, and second-stage exposure surgery in a two-stage approach.
Osteoradionecrosis is bone necrosis that occurs in the radiation treatment volume months after treatment. It is caused by loss of vasculature due to radiation damage. Risk factors include radiation dose over 6500 cGy, chemotherapy, brachytherapy, and post-radiation dental extractions. Advanced cases can lead to fistulas, fractures, and discontinuity defects impacting functions like speech and swallowing.
This document discusses the correction of Class 3 skeletal problems using reverse pull headgear or facemasks. It begins by describing Class 3 malocclusions that are due to maxillary deficiency or mandibular excess. It then discusses the types and etiology of Class 3 malocclusions. Reasons for treating Class 3 issues are provided. The document focuses on describing reverse pull headgear and facemasks, including their definition, indications, components, types, force parameters, biomechanics, treatment completion indications, advantages, and effects.
This study investigated the cause of darkening seen on panoramic radiographs of mandibular third molars. 83 patients who showed dark bands on third molar roots underwent surgical removal. During surgery, the roots were examined to determine if darkening was caused by exposure of the inferior alveolar nerve, a groove or hook in the root, or thickening of the lingual cortical bone. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze associations between darkening and nerve exposure or root morphology. The results provide insight into the exact intra-alveolar causes of this panoramic radiograph finding to improve risk assessment for nerve injury during third molar removal.
Titanium Button With Chain by Watted For Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Max...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the outcome of using a titanium button with chain by Watted for orthodontic traction of 82 impacted maxillary canines in patients between 2006-2013. Following surgical exposure of the impacted teeth, an orthodontic traction hook with a titanium button and chain was bonded to each tooth. All teeth were successfully erupted with few complications. Forced orthodontic eruption using a well-bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain in conjunction with surgery resulted in predictable orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines.
Titanium Button With Chain by Watted For Orthodontic Traction of Impacted Ma...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Advances in bonding techniques and materials allow for reliable bracket placement on ectopically positioned teeth. This prospective study evaluates the outcome of forced orthodontic eruption of impacted canine teeth in both palatal and labial positions. Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure. Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. A periodontal dressing was placed over the surgical site for a period of time. All teeth were successfully erupted. Complications consisted of: failure of initial bond, at the time of surgery, which required rebonding; premature debonding at the time of pack removal and; debonding of brackets during orthodontic eruption. There was no infection, eruption failure, ankylosis, resorption or periodontal defect (pocket greater than 3 mm) associated with any of the exposed teeth. Forced orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines with a well bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain, used in conjunction with a palatal flap or an apically repositioned labial flap, results in predictable orthodontic eruption with few complications. Key Words: cuspid/surgery; orthodontics, corrective; tooth, impacted/therapy
Clinical study of impacted maxillary canine in the Arab population in IsraelAbu-Hussein Muhamad
The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canine in patients in Arabs
Community in Israel (ARAB48,Israel) visiting our Center For Dentistry,Research & Aesthetics,Jatt,Almothalath,Israel,
4250 patients . This study comprises data from patients who attended the O.P.D.2200 patients between Jun. 2006 to Dec
2013. Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted maxillary canines by intraoral examination, palpation, dental
records and followed by radiographs. It was found that the prevalence of canine impaction was 0,8 % (N=4250), 1,6
(N=2200), 43,9 (N-82) in males and 1,1% (N=4250), 2,1 (N=2200), 56,1 (N-82) in females suggesting that prevalence of
impacted maxillary canines is more in females than males and it is statistically significant. The overall prevalence for
maxillary impacted canines was found to be 3,7 % (N=2200) which suggested that it is much higher than previous studies.
The results of this study were slightly different than other studies, while the dissimilarities may be attributed to the sample
selection, method of the study and area of patient selection, which suggest racial and genetic differences.
Clinical study of impacted maxillary canine in the Arab population in IsraelAbu-Hussein Muhamad
The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canine in patients in Arabs Community in Israel (ARAB48,Israel) visiting our Center For Dentistry,Research & Aesthetics,Jatt,Almothalath,Israel, 4250 patients . This study comprises data from patients who attended the O.P.D.2200 patients between Jun. 2006 to Dec 2013. Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted maxillary canines by intraoral examination, palpation, dental records and followed by radiographs. It was found that the prevalence of canine impaction was 0,8 % (N=4250), 1,6 (N=2200), 43,9 (N-82) in males and 1,1% (N=4250), 2,1 (N=2200), 56,1 (N-82) in females suggesting that prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is more in females than males and it is statistically significant. The overall prevalence for maxillary impacted canines was found to be 3,7 % (N=2200) which suggested that it is much higher than previous studies. The results of this study were slightly different than other studies, while the dissimilarities may be attributed to the sample selection, method of the study and area of patient selection, which suggest racial and genetic differences.
Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic therapy. When a preventive approach fails, treatment involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the dental arch. The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports of an adult patient with bilateral impacted maxillary canines treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment
Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic therapy. When a preventive approach fails, treatment involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the dental arch. The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports of an adult patient with bilateral impacted maxillary canines treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment.
This study evaluated 14 cases of autogenous maxillary canine transplantation in young patients. Impacted or partially erupted maxillary canines were extracted and immediately transplanted to prepared recipient sites. Two years later, 12 cases showed normal mobility and lamina dura formation on radiographs, indicating successful transplantation. Two cases showed inflammatory resorption, increased mobility, and widening of the periodontal space, indicating unsuccessful transplantation. Autotransplantation of impacted or partially erupted maxillary canines can be a viable alternative to other treatments like orthodontics or dental implants when patient selection criteria are met and proper surgical technique is followed.
Clinical Management of Bilateral Impacted Maxillary CaninesAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic therapy. When a preventive
approach fails, treatment involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the
dental arch. The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports of an adult patient with bilateral impacted maxillary canines
treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment.
Material and Methods: A 15year-old female with various degrees of bilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canines were managed
by the described technique.
Results and Discussion: Autonomous eruption of the impacted canines after surgical uncovering was witnessed in all patients
without the need for application of a vertical orthodontic force for their extrusion.
Conclusion: The described method of surgical uncovering and autonomous eruption created conditions for biological eruption of the
palatally impacted canines into the oral cavity and facilitated considerably the subsequent orthodontic treatment for their proper alignment
in the dental arch.
Keywords: Impacted canines; Surgical; Tooth exposure; Orthodontic treatment
This document summarizes a study on locating impacted maxillary canines in patients. The study analyzed orthopantomogram x-rays of 1,956 patients and found 57 impacted maxillary canines in 47 patients. The mean angulation of the impacted canines was 29.54 degrees and the mean vertical distance from the occlusal plane was 13.1 mm. The study found no significant correlation between the angulation and vertical distance of impacted canines. Both factors are important individually in determining treatment complexity, but they influence treatment planning independently of each other.
This case report describes the replacement of congenitally missing bilateral maxillary lateral incisors and a right mandibular premolar with dental implants in a 22-year old female patient. The treatment involved first extracting retained primary canines and using orthodontics to gain space between teeth for implant placement. Implants were then surgically placed and allowed to heal, followed by the placement of abutments and final prosthesis. The treatment achieved excellent esthetic and functional results through an interdisciplinary approach between orthodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics.
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Rehabilitation of Congenitally Maxillary C...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Objective: This case report describes the multidisciplinary
approach to treat a congenitally missed maxillary canine, how to
improve patient’s smile using orthodontic fixed appliance, endosseous
dental implant, and porcelain veneer to achieve the treatment results of
function and esthetic.
Materials and procedures: Unilateral agenesis of the permanent
maxillary canines in healthy individuals is extremely rare. This
paper presents the case of a female patient diagnosed with congenital
unilateral agenesis of the permanent maxillary canines as well as
occlusal abnormalities in the form of left-side crossbite. To restore the
proper aesthetics and function, interdisciplinary therapeutic treatment
was implemented. In the case presented in this paper, the aim of
oral rehabilitation was to restore a functional balance by obtaining
proper skeletal relationships, creating optimal occlusal conditions and
obtaining arch continuity.
Conclusion: Interdisciplinary treatment combined of orthodontics,
implant surgery, and prosthodontics was useful to treat a nonsyndromic
oligodontia patient. Especially, with the new strategy, implantanchored
orthodontics, which can facilitate the treatmentand make it
more simply with greater predictability.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on many factors, such us the malocclusion, the anterior relationship, specific space requirements, bone volume, root proximity, the condition of the adjacent teeth, and esthetic prediction mainly when the canine must be reshaped.Resin bonded bridges were considered to be doomed owing to their very high decementation rate, have come alive once again because of newer resin based cements. This article will discuss the variety of treatment managements in case of space opening and treated with two 2-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures supported by the cuspids. This conservative treatment plan was cost-effective without having any significant biological cost. Keywords: Agenesis, Resin- bonded fixed partial denture, interim prosthesis.
Prosthodontic-Orthodontic Treatment Plan with Two-Unit Cantilevered Resin-Bon...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Two Treatment Approaches for Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A CaseAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Missing maxillary lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical success of the transmucosal flapless implant placement and immediate loading of the implants to restore the agenic lateral incisors after completing the orthodontic treatment and during the retention period.
Management of impacted teeth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Esthetic Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors With Single Toot...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.This case report addresses the fundamental considerations related to replacement of a congenitally missing lateral incisor by a team approach.
Esthetic Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors With Single Toot...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors.This case report addresses the fundamental considerations related to replacement of a congenitally missing lateral incisor by a team approach.
Combined orthodontic and prosthetic therapy special considerations.(52)Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Agenesis, the absence of permanent teeth, is a common occurrence among dental patients. The total incidence of tooth agenesis is about 4.2% among patients that are seeking orthodontic treatment and with the exception of third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors are the most common congenitally missing teeth with about a 2% incidence. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using dental implants. The paper discusses the aspects of pre-prosthetic orthodontic diagnosis and the treatment that needs to be considered with conservative and fixed prosthetic replacement.
Treatment concept by Watted for a controlled alignment of palatally impacted ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
It is known that maxillary canines remain impacted more often than the mandibular canines, and the inclusion can be
buccal or palatal. The treatment focuses mainly on the exposure and on the orthodontic realignment of the impacted
tooth. There are situations when canines erupt spontaneously after their surgical discovery. The present paper has the
purpose of approaching aspects related to impacted upper permanent canines by a literature review, including
localization and treatment conducts.
Key words: Impacted canine, periodontal, surgical-orthodontic treatment.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in the Palestinian population visiting a dental center in Israel between 2006-2013. The researchers examined 4250 patient records and found an overall prevalence of impacted canines to be 3.7%, higher than previous studies. Specifically, the prevalence was 0.8% in males and 1.1% in females, suggesting a higher rate in females. Most impacted canines were palatally positioned. The results differed slightly from other studies, possibly due to differences in sample selection, study methods, and patient populations examined. Accurate assessment of an impacted canine's position is important to determine the appropriate treatment approach.
Similar to Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Canines (20)
Congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors is a frequent clinical challenge which must be solved by a multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an
esthetic and functional restorative treatment. . Fixed prosthodontic and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary
canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants represent the available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth. This case report
demonstrates the team approach in prosthetic and surgical considerations and techniques for managing the lack of lateral incisors. The aims of this case
report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations.
Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors: Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Treat...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary permanent central incisor develops early in life and forms part of an aesthetic smile. Disruption of the formation or eruption of the permanent
central incisor has multiple etiological factors. Treatment options depend to some extent on the cause of failure of eruption of the central incisor. Generally,
the earlier treatment is provided, the higher the likelihood of success and the less the complexity. Our results suggest that close monitoring and interdisciplinary
cooperation during the treatment phases led to a successful esthetic result, with good periodontal health and functional occlusion.
Excess of space in the dental arch is diagnosed as a
generalised spacing or a local divergence, often
observed in the maxillary anterior region, as a median
diastema, traumatic loss of central incisors, or
congenital absence of lateral incisors. Furthermore,
spacing is observed in aging individuals, due to
pathological migration of teeth caused by
periodontitis. Finally, adult individuals with partial
edentulous jaws demand pre-prosthetic orthodontic
treatment from functional aspects. Thus, indication for
orthodontic treatment in subjects with spacing of teeth
exists for aesthetic reasons, but also for facilitating
prosthetic restorations with optimal occlusalstability.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting
cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically
induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been
identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a
successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field.
This document provides guidance on how to write and publish a scientific paper in 3 steps:
1. Plan adequate time for writing a high-quality paper that will be accepted for publication. Previous studies show lack of time is the top reason papers are not published.
2. Carefully review the instructions for authors on the target journal's website and adhere strictly to formatting requirements. Ignoring guidelines is a common reason for rejection.
3. The paper should have key sections - an informative abstract, introduction establishing the study's purpose and novelty, thorough methods section, clear results, and conclusions tying it all together. Following best practices increases the chances of successful publication.
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations
Orthodontic tooth movement is basically a biologic response towards a mechanical force. Osteoclast and osteoblast cells mediate bone resorption and apposition, which eventually produces tooth movement. Researches showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be altered by certain drugs locally or systemically. The Objective of this article is to discuss the current data concerning the effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement.
The multifactorial factors influenc cleft Lip-literature review Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenital cleft-Lip and cleft palate have been the subject of many genetic
studies, but until recently there has been no consensus as to their modes of
inheritance. In fact, claims have been made for just about every genetic
mechanism one can think of. Recently, however, evidence has been
accumulating that favors a multifactorial basis for these malformations. The
purpose of the present paper is to present the etiology of cleft lip and cleft palate
both the genetic and the environmental factors. It is suggested that the genetic
basis for diverse kinds of common or uncommon congenital malformations may
very well be homogeneous, whilst, at the same, the environmental basis is
heterogeneous.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field
Over time, progressively shorter implants have been placed such that short implants are now available that are less than 6 mm in length. The viability and high success rates seen with short implants can be explained by osseointegration, the macro geometric design of the implant, as well as physics and the distribution of forces. This paper was aimed to review the stability and survival rate of short implants under functional loads. Numerical and clinical studies were reviewed. Keywords: Short dental implants, sinus augmentation, factors affecting bone regeneration in dental implantology
Porcelain laminate veneers are among the most esthetic means of creating a more pleasing and beautiful smile. Porcelain veneers within reason allow for the alteration of tooth position, shape, size and color. They require a minimal amount of tooth preparation, approximately 0.5 mm to 0.7mm of surface enamel reduction. This study describes the use of ceramic veneers without tooth wear, reinforcing the concept that minimally invasive porcelain laminate veneers could become versatile and conservative allies in the fi eld of esthetic dentistry. Keywords: Ceramics, dentin-bonding agents, esthetics
Immediate Restoration of Single Implants Replacing Lateral Incisor Compromis...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Today, the diagnosis of internal root resorption is significantly improved by the three-dimensional imaging. Furthermore, the CBCT’s superior diagnosis accuracy resulted in an improved management of the resorptive defects and a better outcome of Implant therapy of teeth with internal resorption.Implant has become a wide option to maintain periodontal architecture. Diagnosis and treatment planning is the key factors in achieving the successful outcomes after placing and restoring implants placed immediately after tooth extraction. The purpose of this clinical update is to report on the success and survival of Immediate restoration of single implants replacing right lateral incisor compromised by internal resorption.
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Anterior tooth loss and restoration in the esthetic zone is a common challenge in dentistry today. The prominent visibility of the area can be especially distressing to the patient and requires a timely and esthetically pleasing solution. Immediate single-tooth implantation followed by immediate provisionalization is becoming an increasingly desirable treatment that offers numerous benefits over conventional delayed loading. Provisionalization for immediately-placed implants using the patient’s existing tooth can enhance the final aesthetic outcome if certain steps are
followed. If the natural tooth is intact and can be used as a provisional, the emergence profile can be very similar to the preoperative condition. This article outlines a technique to use the patient’s natural tooth after extraction to provisionalize an implant.
“One-Piece” Immediate-Load Post-Extraction Implant In Maxillary Central IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary central incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of an one-piece implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration.
Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted.
Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the one-piece Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site.
Conclusion: The “One-piece” dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort and most importantly preservation of tissues. The one-piece implant design resulted in a high cumulative implant survival rate and beneficial marginal bone levels.
Single Visit Replacement of Central Maxillary Using Fiber-Reinforced Composi...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Fiber reinforced composites are high strength filling materials composed of conventional composites and glass fibres. They exhibit extensive applications in different fields of dentistry. This clinical report present a case where FRC technology was successfully used to restore central maxillary incisor edentulous area in terms of esthetic-cosmetic values and functionality.
Zirconium Dental Implants And Crown for Congenitally Missing Maxillary Latera...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Zirconia implants were familiarized into dental implantology. Zirconia appears
to be an appropriate implant material due to its low plaque affinity, tooth like color, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The following a case presentations will show how the acid-etched zirconia Implant can be used to functionally and aesthetically replace congenitally missing left lateral incisor tooth germ in the maxilla, and achieve optimal soft tissues and health.
Surgery of Labially Impacted Canine & Orthodontic Management – A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Maxillary canines are one of the most common teeth that are impacted among patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Depending on the position of these impacted teeth, various surgical techniques have been employed for their exposure. His primary goal of surgical phase is to provide the means for correct position of orthodontic anchorage. Additionally, the technique used must ensure favorable tissue anatomy that will permit long-term maintenance of periodontal health. In the present case, a labially impacted maxillary left canine was surgically exposed using an apically positioned flap. Orthodontic extrusion was carried out further.
Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which the involved tooth has an enlarged and elongated body and pulp chamber
with apical displacement of the pulpal floor. Endodontic treatment of a taurodont tooth is challenge to a clinician and
requires special handling because of the proximity and apical displacement of the roots. The present article describes the
diagnosis and management of hypertaurodontism by endodontic treatment in a left mandibular second molar.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Canines
1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 9 Ver. I (Sep. 2015), PP 00-00
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-149XXXXX www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Canines
Muhamad Abu-Hussein*,Nezar Watted**,Dana Feştila*** ,Péter Borbély****
*Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece
**Clinics and Policlinics for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases of the Bavarian Julius-Maximilian-
University Wuerzburg, Germany, and Arab American University, Palestine,
***Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, ″Iuliu
Haţieganu″, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
**** Fogszabályozási Stúdió, Budapest, Hungary
Abstract: The main purpose of our study is to present the corrective movement of impacted canines using
various surgical-orthodontic techniques
Materials and method: Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and
were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure.
Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction
hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth
using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. For this study we used only the batch of patients who presented
upper impacted canine.
Depending on the clinical status, we used the following surgical techniques: repositioned flap, gingival
translation flap, window flap method and local mesh application. After surgery for 39 patients we considered
that canine traction with an orthodontic device was necessary in order to obtain a vertical position of the teeth.
The orthodontic systems used were: fixed orthodontics, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted
(Dentaurum).
Results and discussion: We used the repositioned flap for 39patients with deep impacted canines in order to
uncover the teeth and to bond an auxiliary orthodontic device, the gingival translation flap for 27 patients with
superficial impacted canines: 10cases with apical translation and 2 with lateral and apical translation. The
window flap was used for 22 patients with palatal impaction. After surgery all patients continued orthodontic
treatment in order to correct every dental malposition and to obtain a neutral occlusion with esthetical,
functional and stabile results.
Key words: impacted canines, repositioned flap, gingival translation flap, window flap, surgical-orthodontic
treatment
I. Introduction
The maxillary canine is second only to the mandibular third molar in its frequency of impaction with a
reported incidence of 0.8% to 2.8%(1,2) and a female predilection, with most impacted canines palatal to the
arch(3).
According to Puricelli et al. (4), the presence of a canine provides a smooth transition between the
anterior and posterior arch segments, playing a specifi c role in mastication. According to Dewel (5), canine
teeth determine the shape of the dental arch, defi ning the contour of the mouth, maintain the harmony and
symmetry of the occlusal relationship, and support lateral movements and masticatory load. Rodrigues &
Tavano (6) described the canine as the largest tooth in the arch, with the longest root, being supported by bone
tissue that is structured specially to distribute forces among the craniofacial elements.
The etiology of canine impaction may be related to general factors, such as inheritance, endocrine defi
ciencies, febrile diseases, and irradiation. Regarding local factors, the causes include tooth size-arch length
discrepancy, prolonged retention, premature loss of primary canines, abnormal position of the tooth germ,
presence of alveolar cleft, agenesis, ankylosis, supernumerary teeth, deleterious oral habits, trauma, disruption
of the root structure, iatrogenic and idiopathic causes (7,8), and ectopic path of eruption (8). The incidence of
canine impaction ranges from 0.92 to 2.2% (3), and may reach 2.56% of cases (9), occurring more frequently in
the palatal than in the labial region (2:1). The condition affects females more than males (3:1), exhibiting left
sided predominance of unilateral occurrence (10).
The location of the impacted tooth determines the type of surgical approach. In general, there are three
steps to clinical localization.6
Visual inspection and digital palpation are the first two steps, while radiographic
examination is the third and most critical step. Periapical, occlusal, cephalometric, posterior-anterior and
panoramic radiographs, as well as polytomography have all been used to localize impacted. (7,8) Several factors
should be taken into account when surgical-orthodontic traction of an unerupted tooth is chosen, including
meticulous surgical technique with complete flap closure, minimal removal of bone and dental follicle, avoiding
2. Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Canines
DOI: 10.9790/0853-149XXXXX www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
manipulation of the root until the application of orthodontic mechanics, and application of light forces, with a
reliable anchorage unit that is resistant to the applied load. Adverse effects on periodontal tissues and
unfavorable aesthetic and functional results have been associated with inadequate diagnosis and treatment
planning(7).
Surgical exposure and orthodontic traction is the preferred approach for management of palatally
impacted canines in compliant, motivated patients, with good dental health, where interceptive measures are
inappropriate. (11) The position of the impacted canine gauged radiographically is instrumental to the
orthodontist's decision to both expose and orthodontically align, or to remove the impacted maxillary canine.
(12) A grading system to determine the severity of palatal impaction of canines based on radiographic location
has been proposed, with high canines having severely transposed roots considered most unfavorable. Four main
radiographic predictors believed to correlate with prognosis for exposure and alignment of ectopic canines have
been described. These considerations include angulation of the canine long axis to the midline, vertical position
of the canine crown from the occlusal plane, anteroposterior position of the canine root apex relative to the
midline, and the degree of overlap of the adjacent incisor by the canine crown tip(13).
Treated (Orth.) N=2200 %
Female 1354 61.6%
Male 846 38.4%
Impacted 82 3.7%
Non Impacted 2118 96.3%
Table 1.The distribution of the canine impaction
However, there is little evidence linking the duration of orthodontic mechanical eruption of the
impacted palatal canine to these influential radiographic predictors. Stewart et al, (14)in a retrospective study,
suggested alignment of canines positioned 14 mm or more above the occlusal plane to take longer than those in
a more favorable vertical position. Furthermore, Zucatti et al reported a strong association between the number
of visits and increasing age, vertical height, and mesial displacement of the cusp tip. However, that study
involved a heterogeneous sample treated by multiple operators(15).
Impacted N=82 %
%Treated
(2200)
%Investigated
Patients (4250)
Female 46 56.1%
2.1% 1.1%
Male 36 43.9% 1.6% 0.8%
Table 2. Prevalance of impacted maxillary canine
The main purpose of our study is to present the corrective movement of impacted canines using
various surgical-orthodontic techniques.
II. Material And Method
This study comprises data from patients who attended the out-patient department 2200 patients
between June 2006 and December 2013. Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted maxillary
canines by intraoral examination, palpation, dental records and followed by radiographs(7). Aged 10,2 to 39,5
years, which were examined and treated in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel .
Age, Impacted Min Max Avg
10.2 39.5 16.2
Table 3. Means age impacted
Impacted Canine: N=82
Male Palatally 25
Male Buccally 11
Female Palatally 40
Female Buccally 6
Total 82
Table 4.. Anatomomics localization of canine impactionaccording to the gender
3. Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Canines
DOI: 10.9790/0853-149XXXXX www.iosrjournals.org 3 | Page
The distribution of the cases was as follows: 82 patients with upper impacted canine (12 patients with
differences between mezio-distal distances of the canines and the existent space, 2 patients with complex
odontoma, 3 patients with cystic formations and 1patient with dento-alveolar ankylosis) and 5 patients with
lower impacted canine(7). For this study we used only the batch o patients who presented upper impacted
canine, with the following distribution: 12 patients with palatal impaction and 10 patients with buccal impaction.
Surgical-orthodontic recovery of impacted canines involves three steps:
The first is the pre-surgical orthodontic step which has the purpose of creating the necessary space for
the canine alignment.
On the patients from our study batch we used the Edgewise technique. The second is the surgical step
and the third is the post-surgical orthodontic treatment which accomplishes the alignment of the canine within
the dental arch. Depending on the clinical status, we used the following surgical techniques: repositioned flap,
gingival translation flap and window flap method.
Impacted Canine: N=82
Male Unilateral Left 16
Male Unilateral Right 6
Male Bilateral 14
Female Unilateral Left 20
Female Unilateral Right 16
Female Bilateral 10
Total 82
Table 5: Site localization of canine impactionaccording to the gender
On the 3 patients with deep buccal impaction we used the repositioned flap because the gingival tissue
cannot be positioned in the vestibule in order to uncover the tooth and to bond the auxiliary orthodontic device
We used the gingival translation flap for the 7 patients with superficial buccal impacted canine: apical
translation for 5patients and lateral and apical translation for 2 patients respectively .
For the 12 patients with palatal impaction we applied the window flap method.
For the three cases of impaction in which we diagnosed dentigerous cysts we performed cystectomy
followed by meshing of the post-surgical cavity. The patient with dento-alveolar ankylosis underwent dental
extraction.
After surgery the orthodontist performed canine traction with an orthodontic device was necessary in
order to obtain a vertical position of the teeth. The orthodontic systems used were: fixed orthodontics, ballista
spring system or simple metallic clasps fixed on molar rings (Fig.1,2,3).
Fig.1: a patient before the treatment The Orthopantomogram shows the retention of tooth 23 and displacement
of tooth 15
.
Fig 2 Pre-operative view showing the edentulous site at maxillary left canine region and the prominence created
by the palatelly impacted tooth 23.
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Fig 3: buccal view of the same patient. small lack of space for the impacted canine
After surgery all patients continued orthodontic treatment in order to correct every dental malposition and to
obtain a neutral occlusion with esthetical, functional and stabile results. (Fig.4 a-b)
Fig 4a, b: Treatment concept by Watted for a controlled aligment of palatally impacted maxillary canines;
Palatal bar with extension (0,9 mm springhard wire)
Patients were then evaluated 7-14 days after surgery, when the dressing and sutures were removed(Fig. 5).
Fig. 5: Formation of a Mucoperiosteal flap and expose the crown of an impacted canine with substantial
protection of the bone.
Clinical evaluation included assessment of bracket attachment, eruption status, gingival tissue
response, recession, periodontal pocket depth and infection(Fig. 6a-b).
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Fig. 6a, b: the full flap is now re-sutured into its former place and the titanium chain by Watted
(DENTAURUM).may be seen through the flap (a). clinical situation during active eruption of the impacted
tooth (b)
A radiographic examination with one standard periapical film was performed to assess the status of
adjacent structures, as well as the presence of root resorption, ankylosis or periodontal defects. (Fig. 7)
Fig. 7: Orthopantomogram at the end of treatment.
The patients then had orthodontic traction forces activated within seven to 21 days. At subsequent
orthodontic appointments, the same clinical examination was performed with radiological evaluation occurring
every three months. Progress was noted and complications were recorded. (Fig. 8a-c)
Fig. 8a-c: Clinical situation after the treatment; a sufficient attachede gingiva with healthy periodontal situation
III. Results And Discussion
The purpose of our study was to analyze the indications of surgical methods according to the clinical
status of each case.
From a total of 4250 orthopantomographies were analyzed 2200 (51.8%) , 846 (38.4%) from male
patients and 1354 (61.6%) from female [Table 1]. There were 82 (3.7%) cases of impacted canine [ Table 2],
being 36 (43.9%) from male and 46 (56.1%) from female (P < 0.0001) .
Ages were in the range of 10.2-39.5 years, with a mean age of 16.3 years [Table 3], in 58 patients
(71%), we found unilateral impaction, whereas the remaining 24 (29%) were bilateral. This difference was also
statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Among the 58 unilaterally impacted canines, were on the left side and were
on the right side [Table4,5].
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In deep impactions, because the gingival tissue cannot be positioned in the vestibule in order to
uncover the tooth and to bond the auxiliary orthodontic device, it is recommended the use of muco-periostal
repositioned flap with passive guidance of the impacted canine(13). The apical translation flap has the purpose
of assuring the uncovering of the teeth and provides the amount of periodontal tissue for the repositioned canine.
Due to the fact that the lower margin of the flap is positioned in direct contact with the tooth, this method
contributes to periodontal restoration.
The window flap used in palatal impaction avoids extensive decollation of themucosa, allows the
attachment of orthodontic devices and minimizes the trauma to the marginal periodontal tissue(8,9,13)
Periodontal follow-up 6 month after surgery shows that in the cases in whichwe used the repositioned flap,
apical translation flap and window flap there were no periodontal recessions or dental mobility which could
compromise the treatment. Conversely, in the cases in which we used the lateral and apical translation method
and meshing, the periodontal tissue was damaged and it needed surgical restoration.
Boyd demonstrated that in labially positioned canines, a 2–3 mm band of attached gingiva created by
an apically repositioned flap is preferable to a window exposure with no attention to keratinized tissue. This
technique results in a significant reduction of gingival recession, inflammation and loss of attachment(16).
Factors implicated in increasing the duration of orthodontic treatment include the number of failed
appointments, the number of treatment phases, poor compliance in terms of maintenance of oral hygiene and
headgear cooperation, Class II molar relationship, treatment involving extraction of teeth, pretreatment sagittal
skeletal discrepancy, and age at the start of treatment. As this study was retrospective in design, all of these
factors were difficult to control completely. However, the influence of factors likely to affect treatment duration
was kept to a minimum; all subjects were treated without extraction, those with poor compliance and who failed
multiple appointments were excluded from the analysis(17,18,19). Treatment proceeded in one phase and
correction of a Class II molar relationship was not attempted in any subject. Therefore, it is considered that
duration of treatment accurately reflected the time taken to align the maxillary canine. In the current study,
treatment time for alignment of the impacted canine was 26.3 months; this treatment duration is similar to
previous reports of 28.8 months10 and 25.8 months Orthodontic treatment duration to address impacted canines
is correlated with increasing age(13). In particular, mechanical eruption of palatal canines in patients over 30
years of age has a less favorable prognosis ; consequently, a low upper age threshold of 18 years was used to
eliminate this confounding factor in the current study. Increasing age was also found to have no influence on
treatment duration in the stepwise regression analysis.(20)
Many methods of attaching “hardware” to teeth have been described. Originally, wire ligatures were
placed around the crown of the impacted tooth but, this had the potential to upset the periodontal attachment.
Boyd compared wire ligation to bonding brackets on palatally impacted canines. In general, the wire ligated
teeth had a greater incidence of non-eruption, ankylosis, external root resorption and loss of attached mucosa,
due to the larger flaps required.(21)
In this study, all of the 82 impacted canines treated, erupted. This success rate may be partly due to
early diagnosis and to the age of the patients. It is recommended to treat this condition before the age of 20, to
maximize the potential for success.(22)
Stewart et al, in a retrospective study performed in three centers based on analysis of panoramic
radiographs, detected a threshold height of 14 mm from the tip of the impacted canine to the occlusal plane;
above this level, treatment duration increased from 24 to 31 months. In the current study, concerns relating to
the validity of direct measurement of vertical canine position on the panoramic film ensured the height of the
displaced canine tip was considered in terms of its position relative to the adjacent tooth. Canines impacted
more than halfway above the adjacent tooth took almost 6 months longer to correct (30.7 vs 25.3 months).
However, the study was of inadequate power to detect a statistically significant effect (P = .065).(14)
Complications in treating impacted canines include failure to erupt, periodontal defects, bond failure,
and ankylosis. The effect of ankylosis is to prevent tooth eruption. This may cause the anchoring teeth, on the
archwire, to tip into the space created for the canine. Ankylosis has also been implicated in some cases where
the canine initially moved and then suddenly ceased to erupt. Luxation of the ankylosed tooth has been a
recommended treatment in this case however, success is unpredictable.(23-26)
Wisth et al. compared “radical” surgical exposure of maxillary canines with a more moderate exposure
technique that involved flap replacement. They found that there was a small difference between the post-
treatment periodontal status of the two methods, but that the more radical exposure technique resulted in a
greater loss of bone height and greater periodontal damage(27).
Surgically uncovering impacted teeth exposes deeper areas of the periodontium to the destructive
effects of poor plaque control. The open approach creates an atypical soft tissue architecture that enhances
plaque accumulation while challenging plaque control measures. Routine plaque control measures must be
adapted to address the exposed tooth’s atypical position in the alveolar process and to the crater-like soft tissue
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defect created by an open approach surgery. When a closed approach is used, the amount of plaque in the
pericoronal area of an impacted tooth might be reduced but plaque removal becomes impossible.(28)
The important question for the clinician is whether one of the two commonly used surgical techniques is less
harmful to long-term periodontal health. Unfortunately, a review of the relevant literature failed to produce a
clear answer to this question. Most investigations have been limited to retrospective studies in which only one of
the two surgical methods have been evaluated(29)
Parkin et al. (30) performed a review of the literature concerning the use of open versus closed surgical
exposure of palatally impacted canines. This review revealed that currently, there is no evidence to support one
surgical technique over the other in terms of dental health, aesthetics, economics and patient factors. Until high
quality clinical trials with participants randomly allocated into the two treatment groups are conducted, methods
of exposing canines will be left to the personal choice of the surgeon and orthodontist. Crescini et al. (31)
evaluated the prognostic role of the pre-treatment radiographic features on the post-treatment periodontal status
of intra-osseous impacted maxillary canines. They concluded that these parameters measured on the pre-
treatment radiograph did not represent valid prognostic indicators of final periodontal status of impacted canines
treated by the combined surgical-orthodontic approach.
IV. Conclusions
The management of impacted canines has a multidisciplinary approach as it plays a vital role in
esthetics and function. Traction of impacted canines involves surgical exposure, acid etching, an orthodontic
appliance bonded to the crown of the involved tooth, and fi nally the application of orthodontic forces. The
closed eruption technique should be the choice of treatment, with conservative removal of bone tissue and
complete flap replacement, producing better aesthetic and periodontal results, with preservation of the attached
gingival. The canine should be moved using light forces, resulting from elastics, springs or stainless steel
ligatures, not exceeding 100 g. Fixed orthodontic appliances should be used as a basis for traction, due to better
resistance to reactive forces and distortions. Surgical exposure and orthodontic correction is the most preferable
treatment unless contraindicated. Extraction of the impacted canine should be the last resort, as every impacted
canine should be treated in a hostile way to prevent its complications.
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