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Supporting and Promoting
Faculty Use of
Instructional Technology
Lisa Tassinari,
Instructional Technology Applicant, IDT
Sept. 3, 2013
1. Applying current instructional design
theory and pedagogical best practices
to web-based and traditional courses.
2. Providing technical instruction on
using technology tools, including
course management systems.
3. Introducing new technology tools to
campus.
Your Objective
After this presentation, you will be able to
summarize my approach to supporting and
promoting faculty use of instructional
technology.
1. Applying current instructional design
theory and pedagogical best practices
to web-based and traditional courses.
2. Providing technical instruction on
using technology tools, including
course management systems.
3. Introducing new technology tools to
campus.
Applying current instructional design
theory and pedagogical best practices
to web-based and traditional courses.
•Lev Vygotsky
•Jerome Bruner
•Albert Bandura
Lev Vygotsky and ZPD
Jerome Bruner
Knowledge is not imparted but
actively constructed by the learner.
Spiral curriculum
Albert Bandura
Social cognitive theory
& self-efficacy – belief in
one’s ability to complete
tasks.
Chickering and Gamson’s
Seven Principles for Good Practice in
Undergraduate Education…
• encourages contact between students and
faculty,
• develops reciprocity and cooperation among
students,
• encourages active learning,
• gives prompt feedback,
• emphasizes time on task,
• communicates high expectations, and
• respects diverse talents and ways of learning.
Robert Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction
Gain attention: A case example or scenario or sample problem relevant to the topic.
Describe the goal: An overview of the module objectives, including relevance to the overall
course goals.
Stimulate prior knowledge: Review previously presented relevant rules or concepts and
connect them to the material to be addressed in the current module.
Present the material to be learned: For example, text, lecture, demonstrations,
multimedia, graphics, audio files, animations, etc. Note that “cognitive load” research
recommends avoiding overloading auditory/visual channels.
Provide guidance for learning: Discussions to enable learners to actively reflect on new
information in order to check their knowledge, worked problems, practice sessions in a
coached setting so students can determine/identify gaps in their knowledge.
Elicit performance: Learning activity--essay, research project, discussion, homework, etc.
Provide feedback: Feedback that is immediate, specific, and constructive should be
provided to students.
Assess performance: Assessment activity, such as a research project, essay,
demonstration, or test.
Enhance retention and transfer: Provide opportunities for additional guided practice, or
practice/problem-solving opportunities in a more authentic situation.
Ruth Clark and Richard Mayer:
e-Learning & the Science of Instruction
Multimedia principle – relative and informative (as
opposed to decorative) graphics.
Modality principle – use spoken + graphics when
possible.
Contiguity principle – related text + graphic placed
close to each other.
Redundancy principle – more (modes) is not
better
Coherence principle – stick to the lesson
Personalization principle – animated agents,
ADDIE, an ISD, first appeared in
1975, developed by FSU for the
US Army
•Analysis
•Design
•Development
•Implement
•Evaluate
• Write learning objectives based on Bloom’s
Taxonomy and/or Anderson and Krathwohl -
need to aim for something, and need a path
that leads to success.
• Align assessments, activities, assignments to
those learning objectives.
• Chunk content into units or modules.
Exemplary Course Design
Provide avenues for a constant stream of
feedback, and letting students know where
they stand – also helps create a community of
learners
Clear and consistent course design – each
module or unit set up in a standardized format
so there are no surprises each week.
Detailed, comprehensive syllabus.
Exemplary Course Design
1. Applying current instructional design
theory and pedagogical best practices
to web-based and traditional courses.
2. Providing technical instruction on
using technology tools, including
course management systems.
3. Introducing new technology tools to
campus.
Providing technical instruction on
using technology tools, including
course management systems.
Learning is a social event:
whenever possible provide
informal seminars and workshops
with opportunities for faculty to
work together and share. Use
‘sage on the stage’ demos
sparingly!
Learning is an active process:
provide hands-on workshops
and a clear objective. Give
participants a chance to have
an ‘aha!’ moment right away!
Learning can be modeled:
invite faculty to speak and lead
seminars; foster faculty groups.
Instructional technologists:
Teach a course as an adjunct!
You will give yourself a better
perspective of what faculty do
and can better support.
• Web-based but printable step-by-step
instructions .
• Video ‘how-to’ instructions.
• Support for ‘just-in-time’, i.e., timely email
and phone help.
• Offer a regular line-up of LMS-related and
other commonly used tool workshops
offered on various days/times to cover
many different teaching schedules.
• Don’t forget about adjuncts – maybe offer
a few evening seminars.
1. Applying current instructional design
theory and pedagogical best practices
to web-based and traditional courses.
2. Providing technical instruction on
using technology tools, including
course management systems.
3. Introducing new technology tools to
campus.
Introducing new technology tools to
campus.
Higher Education is going though a major
transformational change…
•Lecture-format teaching-style challenged:
online, flipping, hybrid teaching models making
a huge impact.
•Online learning seen as critical to the long-
term strategy of higher ed for a rising number
of CAOs in US institutions.
•Traditional student profile is changing.
•Demand for mobile technology compatibility.
Support From Their Institution
• Salary – monetary incentive?
• Promotion & Tenure – teaching, research,
service…time spent learning new tools
detracts from these endeavors.
• Workload – course load reduction?
Alleviation of departmental duties?
• Training – is it provided on campus?
My [Chair, Dean, Provost] said I had to!
• Use Moodle to post course documents
• Provide online grading for my students
• Make sure my content is accessible (many
LMSs have built-in accessibility for
students with disabilities).
Emergency Preparedness Guidelines
state that I need to…
• Be able to carry on with a class or two
‘online’ using discussion or some other
online means.
• Be able to contact all of my students via
Moodle.
My colleague tried
[insert name of educational technology here]
and I would like to learn that!
[insert name of educational technology here]
Faculty members who have
adopted educational tools and
are willing, can act as
ambassadors to promote them
– maybe start a FIG.
Faculty Ambassadors
What Else Can We Do to Introduce
and Support New Technologies on
Campus?
• Faculty institutes or boot camps for
intensive study and workshop of one
topic.
• Offer a seminar series, i.e., ‘Preparing
to Teach Online’, or “Flipping Your
Classroom”.
• Offer recurring workshops for your
LMS’s commonly used tools.
• Publicity: campus online news and
calendar, printed brochure or booklet
each semester for seminars.
• Up-to-date website
• FAQs wiki or web page.
• Publish weekly or monthly ‘tips and
tricks’ from colleagues.
• Develop Faculty Mentor wiki.
• Talk with faculty – ask opinions,
develop surveys to find out what
faculty would be interested in
learning.
Rich Internet Sources
Thank you!
Resources
• Changing Course: Ten Years of Tracking Online Education in the United States, Seaman
and Allen.
• Building Online Learning Communities by Palloff and Praff
• Confessions of a Converted Lecturer: Eric Mazur http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WwslBPj8GgI
• e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and
Designers of Multimedia Learning by Ruth C. Clark, Richard E. Mayer
• Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education, Bates and Poole
• How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching by Susan
Ambrose, et al., 2010
• Instructional Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory,
Charles Reigeluth
• Learning Theories by Dale Schunk
• "Objectively Speaking" by Stephen Hulse was originally published as a chapter in the
book "Teaching Techniques". ©1996, The American Society of Radiologic Technologists.
• The Principles of Instructional Design by Gagne, et al.
• The Systematic Design of Instruction , Walter Dick, et al.

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Supporting and Promoting Faculty Use of Instructional Technology

  • 1. Supporting and Promoting Faculty Use of Instructional Technology Lisa Tassinari, Instructional Technology Applicant, IDT Sept. 3, 2013
  • 2. 1. Applying current instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices to web-based and traditional courses. 2. Providing technical instruction on using technology tools, including course management systems. 3. Introducing new technology tools to campus.
  • 3. Your Objective After this presentation, you will be able to summarize my approach to supporting and promoting faculty use of instructional technology.
  • 4. 1. Applying current instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices to web-based and traditional courses. 2. Providing technical instruction on using technology tools, including course management systems. 3. Introducing new technology tools to campus. Applying current instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices to web-based and traditional courses.
  • 7. Jerome Bruner Knowledge is not imparted but actively constructed by the learner. Spiral curriculum
  • 8. Albert Bandura Social cognitive theory & self-efficacy – belief in one’s ability to complete tasks.
  • 9. Chickering and Gamson’s Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education… • encourages contact between students and faculty, • develops reciprocity and cooperation among students, • encourages active learning, • gives prompt feedback, • emphasizes time on task, • communicates high expectations, and • respects diverse talents and ways of learning.
  • 10. Robert Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction Gain attention: A case example or scenario or sample problem relevant to the topic. Describe the goal: An overview of the module objectives, including relevance to the overall course goals. Stimulate prior knowledge: Review previously presented relevant rules or concepts and connect them to the material to be addressed in the current module. Present the material to be learned: For example, text, lecture, demonstrations, multimedia, graphics, audio files, animations, etc. Note that “cognitive load” research recommends avoiding overloading auditory/visual channels. Provide guidance for learning: Discussions to enable learners to actively reflect on new information in order to check their knowledge, worked problems, practice sessions in a coached setting so students can determine/identify gaps in their knowledge. Elicit performance: Learning activity--essay, research project, discussion, homework, etc. Provide feedback: Feedback that is immediate, specific, and constructive should be provided to students. Assess performance: Assessment activity, such as a research project, essay, demonstration, or test. Enhance retention and transfer: Provide opportunities for additional guided practice, or practice/problem-solving opportunities in a more authentic situation.
  • 11. Ruth Clark and Richard Mayer: e-Learning & the Science of Instruction Multimedia principle – relative and informative (as opposed to decorative) graphics. Modality principle – use spoken + graphics when possible. Contiguity principle – related text + graphic placed close to each other. Redundancy principle – more (modes) is not better Coherence principle – stick to the lesson Personalization principle – animated agents,
  • 12. ADDIE, an ISD, first appeared in 1975, developed by FSU for the US Army •Analysis •Design •Development •Implement •Evaluate
  • 13.
  • 14. • Write learning objectives based on Bloom’s Taxonomy and/or Anderson and Krathwohl - need to aim for something, and need a path that leads to success. • Align assessments, activities, assignments to those learning objectives. • Chunk content into units or modules. Exemplary Course Design
  • 15. Provide avenues for a constant stream of feedback, and letting students know where they stand – also helps create a community of learners Clear and consistent course design – each module or unit set up in a standardized format so there are no surprises each week. Detailed, comprehensive syllabus. Exemplary Course Design
  • 16. 1. Applying current instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices to web-based and traditional courses. 2. Providing technical instruction on using technology tools, including course management systems. 3. Introducing new technology tools to campus. Providing technical instruction on using technology tools, including course management systems.
  • 17. Learning is a social event: whenever possible provide informal seminars and workshops with opportunities for faculty to work together and share. Use ‘sage on the stage’ demos sparingly!
  • 18. Learning is an active process: provide hands-on workshops and a clear objective. Give participants a chance to have an ‘aha!’ moment right away!
  • 19. Learning can be modeled: invite faculty to speak and lead seminars; foster faculty groups.
  • 20. Instructional technologists: Teach a course as an adjunct! You will give yourself a better perspective of what faculty do and can better support.
  • 21. • Web-based but printable step-by-step instructions . • Video ‘how-to’ instructions. • Support for ‘just-in-time’, i.e., timely email and phone help. • Offer a regular line-up of LMS-related and other commonly used tool workshops offered on various days/times to cover many different teaching schedules. • Don’t forget about adjuncts – maybe offer a few evening seminars.
  • 22. 1. Applying current instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices to web-based and traditional courses. 2. Providing technical instruction on using technology tools, including course management systems. 3. Introducing new technology tools to campus. Introducing new technology tools to campus.
  • 23. Higher Education is going though a major transformational change… •Lecture-format teaching-style challenged: online, flipping, hybrid teaching models making a huge impact. •Online learning seen as critical to the long- term strategy of higher ed for a rising number of CAOs in US institutions. •Traditional student profile is changing. •Demand for mobile technology compatibility.
  • 24. Support From Their Institution • Salary – monetary incentive? • Promotion & Tenure – teaching, research, service…time spent learning new tools detracts from these endeavors. • Workload – course load reduction? Alleviation of departmental duties? • Training – is it provided on campus?
  • 25.
  • 26. My [Chair, Dean, Provost] said I had to! • Use Moodle to post course documents • Provide online grading for my students • Make sure my content is accessible (many LMSs have built-in accessibility for students with disabilities).
  • 27. Emergency Preparedness Guidelines state that I need to… • Be able to carry on with a class or two ‘online’ using discussion or some other online means. • Be able to contact all of my students via Moodle.
  • 28. My colleague tried [insert name of educational technology here] and I would like to learn that! [insert name of educational technology here]
  • 29. Faculty members who have adopted educational tools and are willing, can act as ambassadors to promote them – maybe start a FIG. Faculty Ambassadors
  • 30. What Else Can We Do to Introduce and Support New Technologies on Campus?
  • 31. • Faculty institutes or boot camps for intensive study and workshop of one topic. • Offer a seminar series, i.e., ‘Preparing to Teach Online’, or “Flipping Your Classroom”. • Offer recurring workshops for your LMS’s commonly used tools.
  • 32. • Publicity: campus online news and calendar, printed brochure or booklet each semester for seminars. • Up-to-date website • FAQs wiki or web page. • Publish weekly or monthly ‘tips and tricks’ from colleagues.
  • 33. • Develop Faculty Mentor wiki. • Talk with faculty – ask opinions, develop surveys to find out what faculty would be interested in learning.
  • 36. Resources • Changing Course: Ten Years of Tracking Online Education in the United States, Seaman and Allen. • Building Online Learning Communities by Palloff and Praff • Confessions of a Converted Lecturer: Eric Mazur http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=WwslBPj8GgI • e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning by Ruth C. Clark, Richard E. Mayer • Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education, Bates and Poole • How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching by Susan Ambrose, et al., 2010 • Instructional Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory, Charles Reigeluth • Learning Theories by Dale Schunk • "Objectively Speaking" by Stephen Hulse was originally published as a chapter in the book "Teaching Techniques". ©1996, The American Society of Radiologic Technologists. • The Principles of Instructional Design by Gagne, et al. • The Systematic Design of Instruction , Walter Dick, et al.

Editor's Notes

  1. No um Welcome and thank you for coming today. My name is Lisa Tassinari. I’m an applicant for the position of Instructional Technologist. So, let’s get started. The topic of my presentation today is – point to slide.
  2. No ums There are three subtopics to my presentation. I’ll talk about… instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices in course design providing instruction to faculty using technology tools in their teaching and learning introducing new technology tools and methods of teaching and learning to campus – a little bit about change management, really.
  3. This is your objective…. There’ll be a quiz later!
  4. Let’s start here…I’ll be talking about instructional design theory and pedagogical best practices for course design
  5. For just a little bit of an historical perspective… There are plenty of cognitive psychologists and learning theorists and others whose work informed the field of instructional design… Three of my favorites – who doesn’t have a favorite cognitive psychologist hero?! -- Three of my favorites all stress the importance of social interaction to learning, AND that learning is an active rather than passive process.
  6. NO ums My first featured psychologist is Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist who died a young man, left us the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (and later, it was morphed into ‘scaffolding’) ZPD or scaffolding basically means we do best when tasks are just out of reach of our abilities. The best way to stretch and learn – when we can socially interact with peers, facilitated by an expert. Anyone follow the work of Eric Mazur? He is a physics professor at Harvard who discovered that even though his students liked him, gave him good reviews, did fairly well on exams, they could not explains the whys of basic physics when prompted. He was dismayed and through trial and error, he came to believe that experts aren’t the best teachers! Experts can pose the problems (think about tasks just beyond students’ reach), but then students should turn to each other and mull over possible answers, explanations, debate with each other who is right or wrong -- and what happens is that they end up sort of teaching themselves. You can see his talk on YouTube, just search ‘confessions of a converted lecturer’
  7. Bruner, contributed to the social constructivist theory… His belief is that ‘Knowledge is not imparted but actively constructed by the learner.’ He also believed, as do all instructional designers, that learners do best when instruction is organized appropriately. And, he proposed the spiral curriculum teaching approach where each subject is revisited over and over at intervals – building in complexity and sophistication each time. On to my next favorite…
  8. No ums Albert Bandura…professor emeritus at Stanford University. He expanded his work to form Social Cognitive Theory – basically that we are self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, self-regulating…lead to his work on self-efficacy – perceived sense of control - in education. CLICK So, to sum up some of this theory… Social interactions and experiences, the opportunity to observe models of behavior, direct or indirect guidance and instruction, and the feeling that one can be successful, play critical roles in learning success. So how do these theories play out in id?
  9. No ums Some the folks in the field whose work I quote/base training on/refer to often, etc……are Arthur Chickering and Zelda Gamson I don’t need to read these but the basic premise is that learning is best when there is plenty of contact with instructors and each other, there is active learning, and plenty of feedback. The first four of these encompass my idea of the framework for designing an exemplary course.
  10. And, Robert Gagne’s Nine This is a terrible slide, I know! Sorry. Couldn’t leave any out…you probably can read the printed version better. Gagne’s Nine give you another good idea of a framework for course design – in any mode of delivery. These are self-explanatory…but I’ll talk a little bit about a few… Gaining attention, sometimes called a hook, serves as a way for students to get to know instructors – very important in online education to create a learning community. Instructors, the experts, right? probably have a few good anecdotes or problems scenarios about each of their separate topics. Instructors can start off each new topic, along with describing the goal, with a hook to grab students’ attention…. Another good way for instructors to get to know students (also very important to creating that online learning community) is too have students weigh in…Ask, anyone have a similar story? What do you think about this? Anyone have a solution? Ever hear of this? So, these first three steps are great ways to begin each unit of instruction.
  11. No Ums Clark and Mayer - My two favorite people who apply the science of learning to designing and presenting course materials… They’re all about how much and how many forms of input our working memory can deal with, and how much and for how long we store info in our short term memory and the best way to get pertinent info into our long term memory… Six principles based on cognitive theory - basically how we take in and process information, including our limitations on doing so. These are great principles to follow for designing online courses.
  12. More information about instructional design…. There are many Instructional System of Design, and one of the most used is probably the ADDIE model developed by Florida State University Course design starts with analysis – Who are my students? What tools are there for me and my students to work with? Wow long do I have to teach? Where am I teaching, what mode? When do I start? Why are my students taking my class? Based on this analysis, it should inform you about your course design… Then basically, you develop your course, teach it, evaluate and start again…tweaking your design based on what you learned the first time.
  13. Another model of design is Dick and Carey’s, which looks complicated…. Just look at the blue shapes as this describes the basics for instructional design and it’s basically how I approach my teaching when I’m working with faculty on their course design…. Start with objectives – that is, what you would like your students to remember at the end of each topic, at the end of the course, in a year, in five years… Then, develop assessments – how you’ll measure whether or not they’ve achieved the objective. Then, work out the modes by which you might deliver content. Then develop them – that becomes your instructional material.. So, moving on…
  14. So why did I spend 10 minutes on the foundations and basic evolution of instructional design? Because it describes the method I encourage faculty to use when designing their courses. Start with writing good objectives. Objectives are clear statements of instructional intent. Objectives attempt to change knowledge as a result of educational experience. Create assessments to measure those objectives Create, develop, activities and assignment – ways to practice before assessment
  15. Allow lots of opportunity for students to show what they know – then offer feedback. Wrap it all in a clear, consistent course design.
  16. Finished talking about number 1 Let’s talk about the second subtopic Remember this is all about supporting and promoting instructional technology…so now that I explained what I believe to be best practices in designing courses, what about the technology tools? How do I provide instruction to faculty using technology tools in their teaching and learning?
  17. I apply the same method to designing and providing technical instruction to faculty that I encourage them to use for their course design… Eric Mazur said “The better you know something, the more difficult it becomes to teach…” instructional Technologists may not be able to properly view the teaching landscape from the perspective of faculty. We’re too close to the whole field.
  18. I asked one of my regulars - a long-time faculty member who attended so many of the seminars offered by the faculty learning center where I work now: “What’s the most useful way you find answers to educational technology questions when you need to? I thought he would say, “I call you!” Or, I check the extensive website of how-to videos and written guides you provide! I thought he might even say, I ‘google it’. But no, he said, “I walk out of my office and down the hall into my colleagues’ offices until I find someone who knows.” Faculty like to hear from other faculty. Invite the early adapters to showcase their expertise. Maybe someone in the math department flipped her Calc I course for the last two semester and has learned a few great tools to create online lessons like screencasting tools or narrating while working a problem…invite them to a faculty institute on creating online lessons….
  19. Then, always these…
  20. Finished talking about number 1 and 2 Let’s talk about the third subtopic Remember this is all about supporting and promoting instructional technology…so now that I explained what I believe to be best practices in designing courses, ways to provide instruction to faculty using technology tools in their teaching and learning, how do I introduce new technology tools to campus?
  21. Providing technical instruction for teaching and learning tools is very much about change management…and using new educational technologies won’t happen immediately. Faculty are accustomed to being the experts, after all, they are at the top of their fields…
  22. Faculty questions in relation to taking the time and spending the energy on learning new tools…new teaching methodology….
  23. So…. Why would faculty take the time to learn new teaching methods, tackle learning curves to learn and adopt new technologies, refresh and restructure their courses….when their evals are good, they’ve been teaching for 20 years…. There are many factors effecting why faculty might spend the time to learn a new educational technology…
  24. My favorite!!
  25. Faculty institutes or bootcamps for a day-long intensive study of one topic, about recording online lessons, for instance. Offer a seminar series, i.e., ‘Preparing to Teach Online’, on the same day/time for a few weeks in a row. Offer recurring workshops for your LMS’s commonly used tools.
  26. Publicity: campus online news and calendar, printed brochure or booklet each semester for seminars, Up-to-date website FAQs wiki or web page. And maybe publish Weekly or monthly ‘tips and tricks’ from colleagues.
  27. Develop Faculty Mentor wiki – a public website for faculty who wish to be listed as the campus go-to person for help on specific educational technologies.
  28. Also, one of the duties of instructional designers and educational technologists is to talk about the richness of the Internet at every opportunity. These sources should not be construed at replacements for instructors but as amazing supplemental materials…vetted by the experts in the field – faculty – to be included in their courses.