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Michael Smith
Michael Smith

IB Environmental Systems

Education
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Topic 1 Foundations of Environmental Systems and Societies 1.2 Systems and Models
What is a System? • A system consists of: – Storages – Flows (inputs and outputs) (of energy or matter) – Processes (transfer or transformation) – Feedback mechanisms (to maintain stability)
What is a Model? • A model is a simplified version of reality • It can be used to see how a system works and to predict how it will respond to change • Since models involve some approximation, there is always a loss of accuracy How can you know which aspects of reality to include or ignore when making a model? What is a chaotic system?
storage Energy or matter in (INPUT) Energy or matter out (OUTPUT) TRANSFORMATION (Feedback mechanism to control input – and maintain EQUILIBRIUM)
Try to Produce a System Diagram
Open, Closed and Isolated Ecosytems • Open – matter and energy exchanged to suroundings • Closed – only energy exchanged to surroundings • Isolated – neither matter nor energy is exchanged to surroundings • Is the Earth really a closed ecosystem? • Do isolated ecosystems really exist? • Can closed ecosystems be created artificially? (eg Biosphere 2 Project)
Flow Diagrams

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Summary of topic 1.2

  • 1. Topic 1 Foundations of Environmental Systems and Societies 1.2 Systems and Models
  • 2. What is a System? • A system consists of: – Storages – Flows (inputs and outputs) (of energy or matter) – Processes (transfer or transformation) – Feedback mechanisms (to maintain stability)
  • 3. What is a Model? • A model is a simplified version of reality • It can be used to see how a system works and to predict how it will respond to change • Since models involve some approximation, there is always a loss of accuracy How can you know which aspects of reality to include or ignore when making a model? What is a chaotic system?
  • 4. storage Energy or matter in (INPUT) Energy or matter out (OUTPUT) TRANSFORMATION (Feedback mechanism to control input – and maintain EQUILIBRIUM)
  • 5. Try to Produce a System Diagram
  • 6. Open, Closed and Isolated Ecosytems • Open – matter and energy exchanged to suroundings • Closed – only energy exchanged to surroundings • Isolated – neither matter nor energy is exchanged to surroundings • Is the Earth really a closed ecosystem? • Do isolated ecosystems really exist? • Can closed ecosystems be created artificially? (eg Biosphere 2 Project)