Sugarcane aphids on the Texas High Plains - The same questions with different answers
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This document discusses sugarcane aphids on sorghum in the Texas High Plains region. It summarizes research on revised thresholds, product efficacy, host plant resistance, and chemigation methods. Key findings include that pre-existing thresholds may not work in this unique region, resistant hybrids can yield over 1,000 lbs more than susceptible varieties and reduce aphid numbers, and chemigation through irrigation is effective but not currently labeled. Next steps discussed are determining overwintering locations, evaluating early planting, and managing overwintering predators.
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Antibiosis to SCA in Pl 550610 and SCA-Greenbug Interactions
The document summarizes research on the interactions between sugarcane aphid (SCA) and greenbug aphid (GB) on susceptible and resistant sorghum plants. It finds that:
1) A resistant sorghum variety (PI 550610) reduced the survival and development time of both SCA and GB nymphs, eliminating the developmental advantage of SCA.
2) On susceptible plants, co-infestation of SCA and GB had mixed effects - improving GB reproduction but decreasing SCA reproduction. On resistant plants, co-infestation harmed both species.
3) The research suggests plant resistance and aphid interactions can change from commens
What is an optimal spray threshold which results in optimal yield protection?
1) Researchers conducted field experiments across 5 states and 6 locations to determine optimal spray thresholds for protecting sorghum yield from aphid damage.
2) Results showed that economic thresholds varied by location but generally ranged from 30-135 aphids per leaf. Lower thresholds were recommended for more susceptible hybrids or under hot/dry conditions favoring aphid increase.
3) Next steps include investigating surrogate measures for estimating aphid loads, effects of plant stage and health, hybrid sensitivity, and natural enemies to refine economic thresholds.
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This document summarizes research evaluating the efficacy of two insecticides - sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone - against sugarcane aphids under different temperature conditions. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted comparing the two insecticides at 60F and 85F. The results showed efficacy decreased at lower temperatures for both insecticides. Flupyradifurone provided greater residual control than sulfoxaflor. With many days below 70F during the growing season, growers may experience unsatisfactory control when spraying at cooler temperatures. Further research is planned for 2016 to study efficacy under varying temperature conditions over 10 days.
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This document summarizes several studies on spray systems for controlling sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Trials were conducted in Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas in 2015. The studies tested different combinations and timings of insecticide sprays including Lorsban, Transform, and Sivanto. Key findings were that Transform was effective for about 14 days, requiring a second application for season-long control. Lorsban was less effective than Transform or Sivanto as a pre-boot/boot spray. Timely application of Transform or Sivanto at pre-boot/boot through flowering was critical to avoid yield losses. Well-timed sprays controlled aphids and prevented injury but the economic feasibility
Future work for sorghum - Sugarcane Aphid? The effects of Transform on natura...
This document outlines future work to study the effects of the insecticide Transform on natural enemies of the sorghum-sugarcane aphid. Short-term work proposed includes baseline toxicity studies of Transform on natural enemies in sorghum, including studies by Kansas State University on predators and by Oklahoma State University and USDA ARS on parasitoids. These studies aim to document the effects of Transform on adult parasitoid survival and function, and the interaction between Transform application timing and survival of immature parasitoids in host aphids. Long-term work proposed includes studying natural enemy population dynamics with and without insecticide use, and determining natural enemy thresholds in conjunction with aphid sampling.
Safety of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone for aphid predators
J.P. Michaud tested the effects of the aphicides sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone on the survival and reproduction of the aphid predator Hippodamia convergens. He exposed H. convergens to the aphicides through topical application, exposure to leaf residues, and feeding contaminated prey. His results showed sulfoxaflor had low toxicity to H. convergens through all exposure routes. Flupyradifurone was moderately toxic, with the highest risk being to early instar larvae exposed to leaf residues. However, neither aphicide appeared to cause sublethal or transgenerational effects on surviving H. convergens.
Natural enemies Orienting to Melanaphis sacchari
This study compared the recruitment of natural enemies to two aphid species, the novel sugarcane aphid (SCA) and the familiar greenbug (GB), on sorghum plants in two different field locations. The researchers found more differences in natural enemy numbers between locations than between aphid species. Additionally, laboratory studies showed that SCA supported the development and reproduction of some common natural enemies as well as GB. Therefore, the key findings were that natural enemies did not discriminate between the novel and familiar aphid, and conservation of native natural enemies should allow "natural" biocontrol of SCA to evolve similar to that of GB.
Natural enemies of Sugarcane Aphid
This document summarizes a presentation on natural enemies of the sorghum-sugarcane aphid. It describes measurements taken of aphid density on plant leaves and yields. It also lists observed natural enemies including ladybird beetle larvae and adults, syrphid larvae, and mold. Trial locations used different seed treatments and recorded resulting aphid levels and need for insecticide sprays. Results showed that higher levels of natural enemies corresponded to fewer aphids and less need for sprays. The environment, like rainfall and overwintering conditions, also impacted aphid populations and natural enemy effectiveness.
If sulfoxaflor is gone, what else can we use?
This document discusses alternative insecticide options for controlling sugarcane aphids after the loss of sulfoxaflor. It reports that 99% of sorghum growers used the insecticide Transform 1-3 times in the 2015 spring season. The document presents data from a study comparing the effectiveness of Transform, Sivanto, Diamethoate + Transform, and Assail at controlling sugarcane aphids. It found that Diamethoate + Transform and Transform alone provided the best control of sugarcane aphids. The document also discusses how well Diamethoate + Transform withstands rain compared to untreated controls.
Standardized Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy Against Sugarcane Aphid
The document describes experiments evaluating the efficacy of various insecticides for control of sugarcane aphid in sugarcane. Small plot trials with replicated treatments were conducted across multiple locations. Core treatments included Transform, Sivanto, Centric, and Lorsban applied at threshold. Sivanto provided the best control of sugarcane aphid based on aphid counts. Transform and Centric performed similarly to each other but not as well as Sivanto. Optional treatments like Strafer and Carbine showed some promise at high rates. The results suggest starting with Sivanto followed by an alternative mode of action insecticide if needed provides an effective insecticide strategy for sugarcane aphid control.
What is the Baseline Susceptibility of Aphids to Transform and Sivanto Prime?
This document summarizes research establishing baseline data on the susceptibility of sugarcane aphids to the insecticides Transform (sulfoxaflor) and Sivanto (flupyradifurone). Leaf dip bioassays were conducted in 2014-2015 at multiple locations. The results found sulfoxaflor to be slightly more toxic to sugarcane aphids than flupyradifurone. Toxicity levels varied regionally but were not correlated between the two insecticides. Sulfoxaflor susceptibility decreased slightly from 2014 to 2015. Continued monitoring is needed to track potential shifts in insecticide susceptibility over time.
Evidence of a Sexual Life Cycle in Sugarcane Aphid
1) While sugarcane aphids are generally considered to reproduce via viviparity without sexual forms, some literature reports observations of oviparous adults, sexual reproduction, and eggs.
2) A sexual life cycle could help explain how sugarcane aphids rapidly shifted to infesting sorghum.
3) Historical reports describe oviparous morphs appearing after the 16th generation under average temperatures of 17.7°C and photoperiods of 11:13-10:14 hours, with eggs found on sorghum and Miscanthus plants.
Impact of Different Adjuvants on Efficacy of Transform and Sivanto for Contro...
This document summarizes research on the impact of different adjuvants on the efficacy of Transform and Sivanto for controlling sugarcane aphids. The research involved field trials in multiple states comparing the insecticides alone and with various adjuvants. The results showed that adjuvants did not significantly improve control of sugarcane aphids compared to the insecticides alone. Yield was also not significantly increased by any treatment. The document concludes that adjuvants did not enhance control in these trials and makes suggestions for future research such as comparing aerial and ground applications.
Combination of Harvest Aids with Insecticides
- The document examines the combination of harvest aids (glyphosate, sodium chlorate) and insecticides (Transform) to control sugarcane aphids in grain sorghum at harvest.
- Field trials showed that sodium chlorate significantly reduced aphid populations on flag leaves within 3 days, while glyphosate did not. Applying an insecticide with a harvest aid further reduced aphid numbers and no aphids remained after 13 days.
- No mechanical issues occurred during harvest and grain yields were not significantly different between treatments. Further research is needed to determine action thresholds for harvest aid application and how long aphids remain on plants after treatment.
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Sugarcane aphids on the Texas High Plains - The same questions with different answers
- 1. Sugarcane aphids on the Texas High Plains – The same questions with different answers Blayne Reed, EA-IPM Hale, Swisher, Floyd Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Sorghum – Sugarcane Aphid Research Exchange Meeting New Orleans, LA January 7 – 8, 2016
- 2. Texas High Plains Sugarcane Aphid Team Name Affiliation Location Blayne Reed Texas A&M AgriLife EA-IPM Hale, Swisher, Floyd Plainview, Texas Pat Porter Texas A&M AgriLife District 2 Entomologist Lubbock, Texas Ed Bynum Texas A&M AgriLife District 1 Entomologist Amarillo, Texas Tommy Doederlein Texas A&M AgriLife EA-IPM Dawson, Lynn Lamesa, Texas Kerry Siders Texas A&M AgriLife EA-IPM Hockley, Cochran, Lamb Levelland, Texas
- 3. Areas of Interest • Pre-Existing Thresholds – Do they work on the unique High Plains? • Product Efficacy • Host Plant Resistance – How does it perform in the field on the unique High Plains? • Chemigation – If coverage is an issue…
- 4. Materials & Methods • Efficacy Trials • Host Plant Resistance (Halfway Station 2015) – 3 resistant lines (NK 7633, SPX 17414, SPX 17514) – 1 susceptible line KS 585 – Large plot, 3 reps • Chemigation – Sivanto @ 5 oz./ac. + 0.25 v/v NIS – 3 “treatments” 1)UTC, 2)Water Wash, 3)Sivanto
- 5. Revised Threshold for Texas High Plains Grain Sorghum Action Threshold Growth Stage Decision threshold speci ic to the sugarcane aphid Pre-Boot 20% of plants with presence of aphids Boot 20% of plants infested with 50 aphids per leaf Flowering - Milk 30% of plants infested with 50 aphids per leaf Soft Dough 30% of plants infested and localized areas with heavy honeydew and established colonies Dough 30% of plants infested and localized areas with heavy honeydew and established colonies Black Layer Heavy honeydew and established aphid colonies. Only treat to prevent harvest problems. Observe Preharvest intervals This threshold was revised from a threshold originally from Mississippi State University.
- 6. Insecticide selection --Not labeled-- Label suspended Data: Ed Bynum and Pat Porter, 2015, Bushland
- 7. Resistant hybrids have fewer aphids (but still too many if untreated) Data: Blayne Reed, 2015, Halfway Experiment Station
- 8. Resistant hybrids yielded an average of 1,169 lbs./acre more than the susceptible. Market value of $126.29 at $6.05 per bushel. Data: Blayne Reed, 2015, Halfway Experiment Station
- 9. Chemigation is Effective But Not Labeled Yet Hale Center chemigation trial with 5.0 oz of Sivanto Data: Blayne Reed, 2015, Hale Center
- 10. Take Home • Texas High Plains requires differing action threshold • Value to host plant resistance in the Texas High Plains sorghum fields • Chemigation works! Need label…
- 11. Next Steps • Overwintering locations and / or arrival predictions • Early Planting Trials – True IPM implementation • Overwintering predator management
- 12. Questions? Get the latest at http://txscan.blogspot.com