Succession planning is the process of identifying key positions within a company, determining potential employees who could fill those roles, and developing those employees to assume the positions in the future. It involves assessing the skills and competencies needed for leadership roles, evaluating current talent, and designing development strategies. An effective succession plan is created through obtaining leadership support, understanding business objectives, identifying key positions and their required skills, assessing current talent, implementing development programs, and periodically monitoring the plan's effectiveness.