The Earth consists of four subsystems across whose boundaries matter and energy flows: - The atmosphere (air) - The biosphere (living things) - The hydrosphere (water) - The geosphere (land) The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere.

1. THE EARTH
SUBSYSTEM

2. Most Essential Learning Competency
Explain that the Earth consists of
four subsystems, across whose
boundaries matter and energy flow.

3. EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS

4.  It is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface,
primarily composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
 Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the
remaining 1%.
 The atmosphere supports life because animals and
oxygen, and plants need both carbon dioxide and
oxygen.
 The atmosphere supports life indirectly by regulating
climate. Air acts as both a blanket and a filter,
retaining heat at night and shielding from direct solar
radiation during the day.
ATMOSPHERE

5.  The zone of Earth where all
forms of life exist
 It is sometimes called as the
large ecosystem.
 This is the zone that life
inhabits. Biosphere is a very
thin layer of the earth’s
surface.
BIOSPHERE

6.  The solid part of the
Earth.
 It includes the core,
mantle, and crust of the
Earth.
.
GEOSPHERE

7. The water part of the Earth
which circulates among
oceans, continents, glaciers,
and atmosphere. Oceans
cover 71% of the Earth and
contain 97.5% of its water.
HYDROSPHERE

8. The Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and
energy flows,
 the atmosphere (air),
 biosphere (living things),
 hydrosphere (water), and
 geosphere (land).
 The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and energy needed for
rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight
(energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a
living medium from the geosphere.

9. MINERALS

10. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. identify the examples of minerals;
2. explain the different characteristics of
minerals;
3. differentiate minerals based on their
properties; and
4. develop awareness on the importance of
minerals around us.

11. MINERALOGY
scientific study of the chemistry, crystal
structure, and physical properties of minerals
and mineralized artifacts.
MINERALOGIST
person who studies minerals

12. MINERALS
Minerals are the
building blocks
of rocks.

13. Naturally Occuring Homogenous Solid
Definite Chemical Composition Oderly Crystalline Structure
CHARACTERISTIC OF MINERALS
01
a product of Earth’s natural
processes
02
03 04
minerals should have
definite volume and rigid
shape
represented by a chemical
formula
Inorganic
05
means a substance is NOT a
product of an organism
Atoms of minerals are
arranged in an orderly and
repeating pattern

14. COLOR STREAK
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
01
mineral’s color may change
depending on the surface.
02
color of mineral in
powdered form.
HARDNESS
03
minerals resistance to
scratching

15. Mohs Scale of Hardness
(Diamond is the Hardest with a scale of 10)
● 10 – Diamond
● 9 - Corundum
● 8 - Topaz
● 7 - Quartz
● 6 - Orthoclase
● 5 - Apatite
● 4 - Fluorite
● 3 - Calcite
● 2 - Gypsum
● 1 - Talc

16. Cleavage Crystalline
Structure and habit
Diaphaneity/ amount of transparency Luster
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
04
mineral’s resistance to being
broken and fracture
05
how light is reflected off a
surface
06 07
ability to allow light to pass through
it.
crystallographic form and
growth conditions

17. Tenacity Brittleness
Malleability Ductility
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
08
describes the minerals' reaction to
stress.
8.1
A mineral can be stretched
into wire.
8.2 8.3
a mineral turns into powder
a mineral can be flattened by
pounding with a hammer.

18. Flexible/ but inelastic Flexible and Elastic
Sectility
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
8.4
Minerals are bent but they remain in
the new position.
8.5
09
Minerals are bent, and they
bring back to their original
position.
ability of minerals to be
sliced by a knife.

19. MINERALS AROUND US
TALC

20. MINERALS AROUND US
GRAPHITE

21. MINERALS AROUND US
HALITE

22. MINERALS AROUND US
FELDSPARS

23. THERE WILL
ALWAYS BE
ROCKS IN THE
ROAD AHEAD

24. ACTIVITY
The human population has increased rapidly since the 1700’s. For most of human history,
there were fewer than half-billion people on Earth. In mid- 2009, 6.7 billion people
inhabited our planet. Because of these, extensive pollution is everywhere. As a student,
what can you do to save not only a particular system, but the Earth itself? Write your
answer in the table.
MY ENVIRONMENTAL “TO DO” LIST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

25. ACTIVITY
The pictures below show the common minerals and their properties or uses.
Identify other properties exhibited by the minerals. Choose your answer from thegiven
choices.
BRITTLENESS MALLEABILITY DUCTILITY LUSTER SECTILITY
4. All true minerals can be drawn
into wires
2. Overall sheen of mineral
3. A mineral can be hammered /flattened
5. A mineral can be cut by a knife
1. A mineral can be turned into powder

26. ACTIVITY
Matching Type
Match the properties of minerals in column A with the description of
mineralproperties in column B.
Column A Column B
1. Mohs hardness scale A. describes the mineral reaction to stress
2. Sectility B. color of mineral in powdered form
3. Streak C. a ranking of mineral from softest hardest
4. Crystal D. ability of mineral to be cut by knife
5. Tenacity E. repeating pattern in minerals in solid

27. OFFLINE ACTIVITY:
List some of the uses of minerals around us.
MINERALS USES
1. Bauxite used in the production of aluminum
metal and other aluminum-based
products.