A recent study by Nexus Research and Policy Center and the American Institutes for Research aimed to measure the value and return on investment of community college degrees. However, the study relied on self-reported earnings data from PayScale that had issues with representation and accuracy. There was no way to verify if the data was truly representative of graduates or if salaries were reported accurately. Additionally, the study did not adequately control for pre-existing differences between community college students and those who do not pursue further education. As a result, the author concludes the study provides misleading comparisons between community colleges and cannot be used to measure their value or returns.
Importance of education for career advancementDavidM4
The article ‘Importance of Education for Career Advancement’ discusses how higher education enables you for rewarding careers and makes you marketable in terms of employment.
This is a sample referral source definition policy that I created for the University of New Haven. This policy was referenced in my presentation, "Sizing Up a Monumental Task: Building your Recruitment Funnel and Measuring the Flow," at the 2011 NAGAP Annual Conference.
Importance of education for career advancementDavidM4
The article ‘Importance of Education for Career Advancement’ discusses how higher education enables you for rewarding careers and makes you marketable in terms of employment.
This is a sample referral source definition policy that I created for the University of New Haven. This policy was referenced in my presentation, "Sizing Up a Monumental Task: Building your Recruitment Funnel and Measuring the Flow," at the 2011 NAGAP Annual Conference.
Does competency based education with blockchain signal a new mission for univ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Does competency-based education with blockchain signal a new mission for universities?. Peter Williams
ABSTRACT
New technologies and the knowledge economy are destabilising graduate professions, with artificial intelligence and the analysis of 'big data' making significant impacts on formerly secure jobs. Blockchain technology, offering automated secure credentialling of undergraduate students' activities and achievements, may significantly erode existing systems of assessment. The challenge for universities will be not only to maintain the relevance of their curricula but also to manage erosion of their current near-monopoly in awarding degrees. This paper envisions a landscape in which universities must outsource parts of their course delivery and assessment in order to remain competitive. It examines a potentially sustainable mission strategy: to move away from narrow academic disciplines towards an authentic learning curriculum focusing on the development of students as whole persons with rounded educations. This paper examines implications for the academy of the convergence of artificial intelligence, data analytics and blockchain technology. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management
College Knowledge Los Angeles is service that provides information about College Information, Applications, Test Prep, and Financial Aid events in the Los Angeles area. The website and app aims primarily to help low-income and first-generation college students connect to these events so they're able to talk to people and learn about resources in-person. There is a wealth of information about events and information online, but many students and parents are disconnected from these resources and many need to be able to admissions officials to help on their college journey.
College Can Be Expensive - How Do You Pick the Right One?PayScale, Inc.
These days, college students have more to worry about than what classes to take next semester. Rising tuition expenses, mountains of debt, and the not-so-sunny outlook on the employment prospects of many popular career choices have increased the importance for both parents and future college students to examine their choices more thoroughly than ever before. Before mailing in the applications, use the available data wisely: research which majors have the most potential, and, more importantly, study each school’s return on investment—which is what, ultimately, you’ll earn back from your degree.
Nonprofit Financial Information OnlineIn the United States, the .docxhenrymartin15260
Nonprofit Financial Information Online
In the United States, the IRS requires that all 501c3 organizations file a tax return of sorts. The form nonprofit organizations are required to fill out is called a 990, and as public organizations, these forms are available to the public. Since 1999, organizations that file 990s have been required to provide copies to anyone who requests. Unfortunately, some nonprofits weren’t aware of this, and when asked, they sometimes refused to disclose what they perceived to be private information (although it is NOT).
To ensure that the information is available, the IRS makes information from 990s available through two outlets.
· Guidestar: www.guidestar.org
· National Center for Charitable Statistics: http://nccsdataweb.urban.org/FAQ/index.php?category=31
Guidestar is the place to look if you want a scanned copy of the complete tax return for a single organization. NCCS is a national repository for compiled data on the nonprofit sector in the U.S., but the datasets do not include all of the information from the 990s. While Guidestar makes scanned copies of individual tax returns available, NCCS makes the data from 990s available in a database format. In other words, if I were interested in contributing money to the World Wildlife Fund and wanted to look at their financial information, I’d probably go to Guidestar. However, if I wanted to conduct an analysis of all nonprofit environmental organizations, I’d go to NCCS.
While Guidestar and NCSS are great sources for data, they do not help in evaluating the financial status of an organization. A good online source of evaluating nonprofit organizations is CharityNavigator.org. What makes charity navigator particularly interesting is its use of financial ratios and rating system. The financial ratios for each of these factors is calculated from financial data on each organization’s 990.
Individual Paper 3: Financial Analysis
One technique used to assess an organization’s financial management is ratio analysis, which focuses on mathematical comparisons between or among accounts on a set of financial statements. While an organization’s size must still be taken into account, financial ratios allow a rough comparison of both large and small organizations. For example, looking at the expenses for Marist and Harvard isn’t particularly useful. However, looking at the ratio of program expenses to total expenses allows us to determine how much of each organization’s budget is used for administrative expenses versus mission critical programs. Ratios also represent benchmarks that organizations can use internally to analyze themselves over multiple years. Fortunately for us, IRS form 990 represents a quick-and-dirty set of financial statements for nonprofit organizations in the U.S.
There are many types of financial ratios for evaluating nonprofit organizations. For this assignment we will examine four types:
Efficiency: Efficiency ra.
This article serves as an answer to the question ‘Is College Worth It?’, focuses on the benefits of college education and shows how it pays off in the long run. The article also guides you in order to ensure that the time and money you invest in college is worthwhile.
Does competency based education with blockchain signal a new mission for univ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Does competency-based education with blockchain signal a new mission for universities?. Peter Williams
ABSTRACT
New technologies and the knowledge economy are destabilising graduate professions, with artificial intelligence and the analysis of 'big data' making significant impacts on formerly secure jobs. Blockchain technology, offering automated secure credentialling of undergraduate students' activities and achievements, may significantly erode existing systems of assessment. The challenge for universities will be not only to maintain the relevance of their curricula but also to manage erosion of their current near-monopoly in awarding degrees. This paper envisions a landscape in which universities must outsource parts of their course delivery and assessment in order to remain competitive. It examines a potentially sustainable mission strategy: to move away from narrow academic disciplines towards an authentic learning curriculum focusing on the development of students as whole persons with rounded educations. This paper examines implications for the academy of the convergence of artificial intelligence, data analytics and blockchain technology. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management
College Knowledge Los Angeles is service that provides information about College Information, Applications, Test Prep, and Financial Aid events in the Los Angeles area. The website and app aims primarily to help low-income and first-generation college students connect to these events so they're able to talk to people and learn about resources in-person. There is a wealth of information about events and information online, but many students and parents are disconnected from these resources and many need to be able to admissions officials to help on their college journey.
College Can Be Expensive - How Do You Pick the Right One?PayScale, Inc.
These days, college students have more to worry about than what classes to take next semester. Rising tuition expenses, mountains of debt, and the not-so-sunny outlook on the employment prospects of many popular career choices have increased the importance for both parents and future college students to examine their choices more thoroughly than ever before. Before mailing in the applications, use the available data wisely: research which majors have the most potential, and, more importantly, study each school’s return on investment—which is what, ultimately, you’ll earn back from your degree.
Nonprofit Financial Information OnlineIn the United States, the .docxhenrymartin15260
Nonprofit Financial Information Online
In the United States, the IRS requires that all 501c3 organizations file a tax return of sorts. The form nonprofit organizations are required to fill out is called a 990, and as public organizations, these forms are available to the public. Since 1999, organizations that file 990s have been required to provide copies to anyone who requests. Unfortunately, some nonprofits weren’t aware of this, and when asked, they sometimes refused to disclose what they perceived to be private information (although it is NOT).
To ensure that the information is available, the IRS makes information from 990s available through two outlets.
· Guidestar: www.guidestar.org
· National Center for Charitable Statistics: http://nccsdataweb.urban.org/FAQ/index.php?category=31
Guidestar is the place to look if you want a scanned copy of the complete tax return for a single organization. NCCS is a national repository for compiled data on the nonprofit sector in the U.S., but the datasets do not include all of the information from the 990s. While Guidestar makes scanned copies of individual tax returns available, NCCS makes the data from 990s available in a database format. In other words, if I were interested in contributing money to the World Wildlife Fund and wanted to look at their financial information, I’d probably go to Guidestar. However, if I wanted to conduct an analysis of all nonprofit environmental organizations, I’d go to NCCS.
While Guidestar and NCSS are great sources for data, they do not help in evaluating the financial status of an organization. A good online source of evaluating nonprofit organizations is CharityNavigator.org. What makes charity navigator particularly interesting is its use of financial ratios and rating system. The financial ratios for each of these factors is calculated from financial data on each organization’s 990.
Individual Paper 3: Financial Analysis
One technique used to assess an organization’s financial management is ratio analysis, which focuses on mathematical comparisons between or among accounts on a set of financial statements. While an organization’s size must still be taken into account, financial ratios allow a rough comparison of both large and small organizations. For example, looking at the expenses for Marist and Harvard isn’t particularly useful. However, looking at the ratio of program expenses to total expenses allows us to determine how much of each organization’s budget is used for administrative expenses versus mission critical programs. Ratios also represent benchmarks that organizations can use internally to analyze themselves over multiple years. Fortunately for us, IRS form 990 represents a quick-and-dirty set of financial statements for nonprofit organizations in the U.S.
There are many types of financial ratios for evaluating nonprofit organizations. For this assignment we will examine four types:
Efficiency: Efficiency ra.
This article serves as an answer to the question ‘Is College Worth It?’, focuses on the benefits of college education and shows how it pays off in the long run. The article also guides you in order to ensure that the time and money you invest in college is worthwhile.
Colleges and universities across the country are engaged in efforts to transform the college to career process. This presentation explains why so much emphasis is now being placed on career outcomes, what best practice schools are doing, and prerequisites for successful transformation.
What Next ? - The future of higher EducationMahavir Pati
This presentation explores the future trends in Education, The skills that will be important in Future and some revolutionary and cutting edge developments in the Domain of Higher Education
This Brochure will explain in detail how International Accreditation Organization can hep you achieve your career. It also explains how career services becomes the reason for students success..
Post the stakeholder role you are assuming. Then, post an explanat.docxshpopkinkz
Post
the stakeholder role you are assuming. Then, post an explanation of how you, in the particular role you are assuming, might respond to the new information in the articles you found and in Document Set 2 for your case study. In your explanation, be sure to:
Evaluate whether the new information is based on reliable sources and whether the information is relevant to the issue.
Explain your position on the case study issue from the perspective of the role you are assuming and how this new information informs this position.
Explain the steps you might take to follow-up on this information based on your role and your position on the issue.
Examples of stakeholder's roles that you could assume:
-Educator
-Parent
-State Department of Education
-Student Attending College
Throughout the Discussion, add support for your position or add to the knowledge base on the issue by finding and sharing additional resources related to the issue you are discussing. These should include scholarly resources but may include other resources such as news articles, blogs, RSS feeds, etc. Share links to the resources you identify.
Once you have decided which stakeholders role you will be assuming, respond to the below discussion questions:
Discussion #1
The stakeholder role I am assuming is the business leader. I am in support of increasing curricular focus, funding, and new hiring for professional and technical fields. In Document Set2 for this case study, it states there are 3.3 million job openings in the U.S., many going unfilled for months on end, as roughly half of employers now say they’re having a hard time finding qualified workers to hire, especially in technical fields. This information was retrieved from
White House Jobs Council
which is based on a reliable source. This information is extremely relevant to the issue because the solution to producing qualified workers is to equip students with the necessary skills and abilities. Those skills and abilities should align with the expectations established by industry leaders.
According to the White House Jobs Council in 2012
,
America is losing its position of global educational leadership in ways that could put our future living standards and business
competiveness
at risk.
This new information informs this position because without a change in focus to technical education those unfilled jobs will continue to increase.
In the PBS
Newshour
video, it gives examples of students who graduated with liberal arts degrees.
All of them had a difficult time gaining employment directly related to their field of study after graduation. In one instance, there was a graduate who majored in anthropology and he now washes trash cans part-time. In another instance, there was a graduate who majored in history with a minor in political science who is a substitute teacher one day a week. Both of the graduates agree, that they do not regret going to college although they wished they would have pursued som.
Top 5 College List and the multiple scholarship estimator provides high school students and their families an easy way to compare financial-aid across multiple colleges and universities.
Offering, easy financial-aid estimates and time-saving, opportunities for students to take a single survey, and they compare what amount of financial aid they can potentially receive across hundreds of colleges and universities.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Study to measure value of cc ed falls short 101413
1. http://chronicle.com/article/A-Study-to-Measure-Value-of/142289/
The Chronicle of Higher Education
October 14, 2013
A Study to Measure Value of Community Colleges Falls Short
By Donald E. Heller
A recent report issued by the Nexus Research and Policy Center and the American Institutes for Research, "What's
the Value of an Associate's Degree? The Return on Investment for Graduates and Taxpayers," tackles an important
topic that is timely for both college students and policy makers. Unfortunately, the report misses the mark in
providing information on which either group can take action.
In August, President Obama released a series of proposals on college affordability and accountability that includes
the idea of pegging eligibility for federal financial aid, consisting largely of Pell Grants and federal student loans, to
the earnings of an institution's graduates. At face value, the Nexus/AIR report appears to provide valuable
information about the earnings of graduates from 579 community colleges, which account for more than 80 percent
of full-time-equivalent community-college enrollment, data that could be used to help address the president's goal.
While it is a noble attempt, however, the report has serious flaws, preventing it from being useful for this purpose.
A major problem with the report is its reliance on earnings data collected by PayScale, a company that aggregates
voluntary salary reports from individuals around the country. People visit the PayScale Web site and report
information that includes the college they attended, their degree, and information about their current position—
employer, job title, salary, bonus, benefits.
The PayScale site says it applies a "rigorous filtering process before it [self-reported data] can be added to our active
database. Our patent-pending algorithm applies over 32 stringent rules to verify data validity." Even so, there are
still major problems with the PayScale salary data. Here are a few examples:
There is no way for the reader to tell if the data are representative of all graduates of any single college in
the PayScale database. For example, the Web site reports that it has profiles from 4,675 individuals who
reported that they attended Michigan State University, my institution. But this represents less than 1 percent
of the living alumni of Michigan State. So, for example, when PayScale reports that the "typical starting
salary after graduation" for graduates of Michigan State is $45,900, there is no way to tell just how
representative that figure is for all MSU graduates. The site does not provide the breakdown by job
category of all of the respondents, and although it gives the breakdown by major, over half of the people
are listed as "bachelor's degree" without any indication of the field.
In addition, we do not know how many of the 4,675 individuals reported their salary immediately upon
graduation, so the $45,900 estimate may actually be based on a small subset.
There is no way to tell if people are reporting their salaries accurately. Do they round up to the nearest
$5,000? $10,000? Do they inflate the figure in order to make their alma mater look a little better? Do
graduates of different institutions differ in the way they report the data?
Starting salaries of the graduates of postsecondary programs, particularly for adult students who enroll in
large numbers at many community colleges, are also affected by the previous experience of the individual.
1
2. http://chronicle.com/article/A-Study-to-Measure-Value-of/142289/
A community college that enrolls associate-degree candidates who are older and with more work
experience should, other things being equal, produce graduates with higher starting salaries.
A single median-earnings figure for a college has relatively little meaning for someone trying to decide
which college to attend. Studies with more valid data on the earnings of college graduates demonstrate that
the greatest variations in earnings are not among colleges, but within individual colleges, with the
differences driven primarily by students' degree or certificate programs and occupational choices.
The bottom line is that there is no basis on which to judge the validity of the PayScale salary data, other than to take
the company's word for it. And it provides minimal information, at least publicly, about its methodology and the
validity of its data. That is in contrast to traditional academic studies, in which the methodology is generally clearly
articulated and the reader can judge for himself the quality of the study. And because the PayScale data are at the
heart of the Nexus/AIR report, these problems contribute to the report's limitations.
For example, according to the study, the community college with the highest reported starting salary was Colorado
Northwestern Community College, at $57,637. That is 39 percent above the average of the other 578 institutions in
the study. Does this tell us that Colorado Northwestern is 39 percent "better" than the average community college in
the nation? Not at all, because we know nothing about the validity of the earnings data from PayScale. The
company's Web site shows that the earnings estimates for that college are based on the reports of just 21 individuals:
four who reported annual salaries and 17 who reported hourly wages. It is impossible to tell how many of these 21
reported a starting salary. Do we want to pass judgment about that institution—or any other institution in the
study—based on so few data points?
Even if the PayScale self-reports of salary information were reasonably accurate, there are still major problems with
calculating a return on investment for individual community colleges.
The Nexus/AIR methodology compares the earnings of the graduates of each community college in its study with
Census Bureau data on the earnings of individuals with only a high-school diploma. The problem is that this is an
apples-and-oranges comparison. People who choose to attend a community college for an associate degree are not a
random sample of high-school graduates. They most likely have characteristics that distinguish them from those
who choose not to enroll in postsecondary education: such things as an interest in furthering their education and in
gaining more skills for the labor markets, and very likely higher levels of academic ability and drive.
A failure to control for those characteristics, not measured in the report, can greatly bias the estimates of lifetime
earnings—and the individual and public return on investment—calculated in the report. Most important, those biases
will have varying impact on the estimates from community college to community college.
To the authors' credit, the report's introduction notes the limitations of their study, stating that "the data needed to
fully understand what, on average, a degree is worth to a graduate or what the tax benefit of that degree is to
taxpayers, is not currently available."
But then the report goes on to do precisely what the authors say cannot be done—so precisely that they calculate
exact dollar amounts (graduates of Colorado Northwestern Community College, for example, are expected to have
an average net financial return of $850,903 over their lifetimes).
The precision of the numbers reported in this study, based on data of such unknown validity, is careless at best and
grossly misleading at worst. And the notion that this study can be used to compare community colleges is
preposterous.
Donald E. Heller is dean of the College of Education at Michigan State University. Parts of this essay were drawn
from his blog there, which can be found at http://www.education.msu.edu/dean.
2