This presentation present the structures and study of metamorphic rocks in which how they are useful in the field of engineering ang in daily lives.

1. Structures of
Metamorphic
Rocks

2. Rocks
1.Cataclastic Structure: This
structure is characterized by
the presence of broken and
fragmented rock fragments,
resulting from intense
deformation and fracturing.

3. s

4. 2. Schistose
Structure: Schistose
rocks have a foliated
texture with mineral
grains aligned in
parallel layers or
bands.

5. 3. Gneissose Structure: Gneissose rocks
exhibit a banded or layered appearance,
similar to schist, but with more pronounced
segregation of light and dark minerals.

6. 4. Maculose Structure: Maculose
rocks have a spotted or blotchy
appearance due to the presence of
irregularly distributed minerals
within the rock.

7. 5.Granulose
Structure:
Granulose rocks
have a granular
texture, meaning
they consist of
interlocking grains of
minerals that are
roughly equal in

9. Rock Cleavage
-refers to the way a rock breaks
along planes of weakness.

10. - Flow Cleavage
- Fracture Cleavage

11. Flow Cleavage: This type of cleavage
occurs in rocks that have undergone
plastic deformation. The minerals within
the rock align in a preferred orientation,
resulting in a parallel alignment of mineral
grains and a characteristic planar
cleavage.

12. Fracture Cleavage: This type of
cleavage occurs in rocks that have
undergone plastic deformation. The
minerals within the rock align in a
preferred orientation, resulting in a
parallel alignment of mineral grains
and a characteristic planar cleavage.

13. Fracture Cleavage: This
type of cleavage occurs in
rocks that have undergone
plastic deformation. The
minerals within the rock
align in a preferred
orientation, resulting in a
parallel alignment of mineral
grains and a characteristic
planar cleavage.

14. Classification of
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks can be classified into two
main categories based on their texture and
mineral composition:

15. ○Foliated Rocks
○Non-foliated Rocks

16. 1.Foliated Rocks: These rocks have a layered
or banded appearance due to the alignment of
minerals. Examples include slate, schist, gneiss,
and phyllite.
2.Non-foliated Rocks: Non-foliated rocks do not
exhibit a layered or banded appearance. They
have a more uniform texture and lack the
alignment of minerals. Examples include
quartzite, marble, and hornfels.

19. IMPORTANT
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS

20. 1. Slate
Slate is an extremely fine-grained metamorphic rock characterized by a
slaty cleavage by virtue of which it can be readily split into thin sheets having
parallel smooth surfaces. The slaty cleavage is due to parallel arrangement of
platy and flaky minerals of the slate under the dominant stresses operating
during the process of metamorphism.
Composition
Mineralogically, slate is made up of very fine flakes of mica, chlorite and
grains of quartz, felspar, oxides of iron and many other minerals, all of which
microscopic cannot be easily identified even under microscope because of their
fine grain size.

21. Origin
Mineralogically, slate is made up of very fine flakes of mica, chlorite and
grains of quartz, felspar, oxides of iron and many other minerals, all of which
microscopic cannot be easily identified even under microscope because of their
fine grain size.

22. 2. Schist
Schists are megascopically crystalline foliated metamorphic
rocks characterised by a typical schistose structure. The constituent
flaky and platy minerals are mostly arranged in parallel or
subparallel layers or bands.
Texture and Structure. Schists show wide variation in
their texture and structure. Most varieties are coarsely
crystalline in texture and exhibit a typical schistose structure.
Microcrystalline schists are also not uncommon. Quite a few
types show lineation and porphyroblastic fabric.

23. Composition. Platy and rod-like acicular minerals form the bulk of
most of the schists. Micas (both muscovite and biotite), chlorite,
hornblende, tremolite, actinolite and kyanite are quite common
constituents of most of the schists. Quartz and felspars are
comparatively rare but not altogether absent. Porphyroblasts of granular
minerals like staurolite, garnet and andalucite make their appearance in
many schists.

24. Migmatite Eclogites
Posibly Metamorphic Rocks
Charnockites

25. Economic Rocks
and Minerals
Uses of various Metamorphic Rocks

26. 1.Uses of Migmatites:
Migmatites, with their combination of igneous and metamorphic
characteristics, often have attractive patterns and colors, making them
suitable for ornamental purposes. They are commonly used as decorative
stones in construction, countertops, and flooring.
2.Uses of Eclogites:
Eclogites are known for their high density and durability, making
them ideal for applications that require strong and resistant materials.
They are used as crushed stone in road construction, railroad ballast, and
as an abrasive in manufacturing processes.
3.Uses of Charnockites:
Charnockites, with their coarse-grained texture and attractive
appearance, are widely used as dimension stones in construction. They
are utilized for cladding buildings, paving, and as decorative stones in
monuments and sculptures.

27. Economic rocks
1.Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary rock
commonly used in construction and building materials.
It is used in the production of cement, concrete, and as
a base material for roads and buildings.
2.Granite: Granite is an igneous rock that is highly
valued for its durability and aesthetic appeal. It is
commonly used as a building material for countertops,
flooring, and monuments.
3.Sandstone: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock
composed of sand-sized grains. It is used in
construction for building facades, walls, and paving
stones.

28. 4.Marble: Marble is a metamorphic rock known for its
beauty and elegance. It is used in sculpture,
architecture, and interior decoration.
5. Slate: Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock that
is commonly used for roofing, flooring, and as a
decorative material.

29. Economic Minerals
1.Coal: A fossil fuel that is used to generate
electricity and heat.
2.Iron ore: A mineral used to produce steel, which
is used in construction and manufacturing.
3.Copper: A metal used in electrical wiring,
plumbing, and electronics.
4.Gold: A precious metal used in jewelry,
electronics, and currency.
5.Silver: A precious metal used in jewelry,
electronics, and photography.

30. 6. Aluminum: A metal used in
construction, transportation, and
packaging.
7. Diamond: A precious gemstone
used in jewelry and industrial
applications.

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