This document discusses stored procedures, cursors, and transactions in SQL. It defines a stored procedure as a set of SQL statements stored on a server that allows for variables, flow control, and other programming techniques. Cursors are used to iterate through rows returned by a query and process each row. Transactions ensure that all SQL statements execute successfully or are rolled back if any fail, providing atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID properties). Examples are provided for creating and using stored procedures, cursors, and transactions.

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5. Stored Procedures, Cursors and
Transactions
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6. Overview
• Stored Procedure
• Structure of stored procedure
• Cursor
• Example-cursor
• Transaction
• Example-transaction

7. Stored Procedure
• A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements.
• stored in the server.
• Allow for variable declarations, flow control and
other useful programming techniques.

8. Stored Procedure contd..

9. Structure of storedprocedure
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name
@parameter data type
AS
BEGIN
//defnition of the sp
END

10. Example for Stored Procedure
CREATE PROCEDURE test
@capital int,
@rate INT,
@duration INT,
@interest int OUT
AS
Begin
SET @interest = (@capital * @rate * @duration)/100;
end

11. Stored Procedure contd..
• EXEC Or EXECUTE
• Example :
– EXECUTE test 100,5,2,@res;

12. Advantage
• Improve performance
• Share logic
• Reusability

13. Cursor

14. Cursor
• Cursor is used to iterate through a set of rows
returned by a query and process each row.

15. Cursor contd..
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT_statement
OPEN cursor_name
FETCH next from cursor_name INTO variables list
CLOSE cursor_name;

16. Cursor contd..

17. Cursor Example
create procedure cur_salary
@dept_name varchar(20)
As
Begin
Declare @t_id int;
Declare @d_name varchar(10);
Declare cur_salary CURSOR FOR select id,department from tbl;
Open cur_salary;

18. Example contd..
FETCH next from cur_salary INTO @t_id,@d_name;
While (@@Fetch_Status = 0)
Begin
if d_name=dept_name
begin
Update tbl_teacher set salary=salary+500 where id=t_id;
end
Else
begin
Update tbl_teacher set salary=salary+400 where id=t_id;
End

19. Example contd..
FETCH next from cur_salary INTO
@t_id,@d_name;
end
CLOSE cur_salary;
end

20. Transaction

21. Transaction
• A transaction is a logical unit of work that contains
one or more SQL statements
• Executes as a unit.

22. Transaction Control
BEGIN TRANSACTION
//logics…
If error
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
Else
COMMIT TRANSACTION

23. Example Transaction
create stored procedure
@ac_no1 int,
@ac_no2 int
As
BEGIN
BEGIN try
BEGIN transaction;
select balance from Account where Account_Number=ac_no1;
select balance from Account where Account_Number=ac_no2;
update Account set balance=balance-900 here
Account_Number=ac_no1 ;

24. Example Transaction contd..
update Account set balance=balance+900
where Account_Number=ac_no2;
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END try
BEGIN CATCH
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END CATCH
END

25. ACID Property
• Atomicity
• Consistent
• Isolation
• Durability

26. Thank You

27. Questions??

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