stock marketing pdf.pdf

BASICS OF STOCK
MARKET
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A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers
and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims
on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange,
as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private
companies which are sold to investors through equity crowd funding
platforms.
Investment in the stock market is most often done via stockbrokerages and
electronic trading platforms.
Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
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What is a STOCK MARKET?
Less than 3% population in India, invest in the share market.

What is a STOCK?
How do stocks trade?
At some point every company needs to raise money. Companies can either
borrow it from somebody or raise it by selling part of the company.
By issuing stock, the company does not have to pay back the money or make
interest payments.
Most stocks are traded on exchanges such as the National Stock Exchange
(NSE) or Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
Exchanges are simply places where buyers and sellers meet and decide on a
price for a stock. Think of it as a flea market where buyers and sellers come
together and agree on a price for a product.
BSE is the biggest stock exchange in the world in terms of number
of listed companies (Over 5500 listed companies)
23 stock exchanges are in India
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Where to buy a stock?
Can we buy anything apart from
stocks?
Upsotx ‐ EQUITY
COMMODITY
FUTURES & OPTIONS
ETF
nd
UPSTOX is the 2largest broker in INDIA
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NIFTY‐The NIFTY 50 is a benchmark Indian stock market index that
represents the weighted average of 50 of the largest Indian companies listed
on the NSE.
BANK NIFTY‐Nifty Bank, or Bank Nifty, is an index comprised of the most
liquid and large capitalised Indian banking stocks.
It provides investors with a benchmark that captures the capital market
performance of Indian bank stocks.
The index has 12 stocks from the banking sector.
SENSEX‐The BSE SENSEX (also known as the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange
Sensitive Index or simply SENSEX) is a free‐float market‐weighted stock
market index of 30 well‐established and financially sound companies listed
on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The 30 constituent companies which are
some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of
various industrial sectors of the Indian economy.
What is Nifty, Bank NIFTY & Sensex?
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Intraday is a form of speculation in securities in which a trader buys and sells
a financial instrument within the same trading day, so that all positions are
closed before the market closes for the trading day to avoid unmanageable
risks and negative price gaps between one day's close and the next day's price
at the open.
Traders who trade in this capacity are generally classified as speculators.
Pre Market –
9:00am to 9:15am
Regular Market –
9:15am to 3:30pm Post Market –
3:30pm to 4:00pm
What is INTRADAY?
What is MARKET TIMINGS? (EQUITY& FNO)
Commodity markets starts at 9:00am and ends at 11:30pm
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If we use MIS type of order, we can get minimum 5x leverage
Leverage refers to the use of debt (borrowed funds) to amplify returns fro
m an investment or project.
Investors use leverage to multiply their buying power in the market.
MIS stands for Margin Intraday Square‐Off.
MIS, as the name suggests, is a facility that can be used only for intraday
trading.
With MIS, you can trade across segments – cash, derivatives, index options
and commodity futures.
What is LEVERAGE?
What is MIS?
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Short‐term trading refers to those trading strategies in stock market or
futures market in which the time duration between entry and exit is within a
range of few days to few weeks.
All the stocks are in DEMATERIALISED format in your DEMAT ACCOUNT.
When the duration between buying and selling ranges within a few months t
o a few years, it is referred to as long‐term trading.
Less stressful: There is no need to constantly follow the market when tradin
g
long‐term.
What is SHORT TERM TRADING?
What is LONG TERM TRADING?
All the stocks are in DEMATERIALISED format in your DEMAT ACCOUNT.
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A watch list is a set of securities that an investor monitors for potenti
al trading or investing opportunities.
Having a “long” position in a security means that you own the security.
Investors maintain “long” security positions in the expectation that the stock
will rise in value in the future.
A "short" position is generally the sale of a stock you do not own. Investo
rs who sell short believe the price of the stock will decrease in value.
Shorting is only allowed in INTRADAY trading.
What is a Watch list?
What is LONG?
What is SHORT?
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OPEN – Price of the stock at open.
HIGH –Highest price of the stock from open till the current time.
LOW –Lowest price of the stock from open till the current time.
CLOSE – Price of the stock at close.
52 weeks High –
Highest price of the stock in a period of 52 weeks.
52 weeks Low –
Lowest price of the stock in a period of 52 weeks.
You can place a price alert for any stock and get notified.
BASIC MARKET JARGONS
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MARKET –BUY/SELL at the market price.
LIMIT –BUY/SELL at a mentioned price.
STOPLOSS MARKET – Order gets triggered only when the price breaches a
particular level. BUY/SELL at the market price.
STOPLOSS LIMIT –Order gets triggered only when the price breaches a
particular level. BUY/SELL at the limit price.
AFTER MARKET ORDER – Place an order after the markets are closed or
before market is open
Simple thumb rule:
XFor long, use limit when LTP is higher.
XFor short, use limit when LTP is lower.
XFor long, use SL-L/SL-M when LTP is lower.
XFor short, use SLL/SLM when LTP is higher.
TYPES OF ORDERS
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For BUY –CMP is higher than the LIMIT price
For SELL –CMP is lower than the LIMIT price
WHEN TO USE LIMIT ORDER?
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For BUY –CMP is lower than the TRIGGER price
For SELL –CMP is higher than the TRIGGER price
WHEN TO USE SL‐L OR SL‐M ORDER?
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The risk/reward ratio marks the prospective reward an investor can earn fo
r every rupee they risk on an investment.
Many investors use risk/reward ratios to compare the expected returns of a
n
investment with the amount of risk they must undertake to earn these
returns.
Consider the following example:
An investment with a risk‐reward ratio of 1:7 suggests that an investor is
willing to risk Rs.1, for the prospect of earning Rs.7.
RISK REWARD RATIO
HIGH RR 1:3 > 1:1 > 1:0.5 LOW RR
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Position sizing refers to the size of a position within a particular portfolio, o
r the dollar amount that an investor is going to trade.
Investors use position sizing to help determine how many units of security
they can purchase, which helps them to control risk and maximize returns.
E.g.: Lets assume your capital is Rs.10,000/‐& RR is 1%
Risk = 1% * 10,000 = Rs.100/trade
We give a call in TATAMOTORS, say
BUY @ 339
TRGT is 342
SL is 338
Your position sizing for this trade should be 100 Qty, since the SL poi
nt is Rs. 1/‐
POSITION SIZING
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A break‐
even price is the amount of money, or change in value, for which an
asset must be sold to cover the costs of acquiring and owning it.
Various cost for trading are as follows,
BROKERAGE
EXCHANGE TRANSACTION CHARGES
SEBI TURNOVER FEES
IGST
STAMP DUTY
Usually the cost for intraday trade is Rs.40~50
BREAKEVEN
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TECHNICAL
ANALYSIS
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In finance, technical analysis is an analysis methodology for forecasting the
direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and
volume.
Technical analysis is a trading discipline employed to evaluate investments
and identify trading opportunities by analyzing statistical trends gathered
from trading activity, such as price movement and volume.
Price action, support & resistance, types of candles, pattern, trends,
indicators
Technical analysis is used by traders on all time frames, from one-
minute charts to weekly and monthly charts.
What is a TECHNICAL ANALYSIS?
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An index is a method to track the performance of a group of assets in a
standardized way.
Indexes typically measure the performance of a basket of securities intended
to replicate a certain area of the market.
These could be a broad‐based index that captures the entire market, such as
the SENSEX or NIFTY, or more specialized such as indexes that track a
particular industry or segment, such as BANK NIFTY or FINNIFTY.
Major sectorial indices in Indian market are BANK, AUTO, FIN. SERVICE,
FMCG, IT, MEDIA, METAL, PHARMA, PSU bank, PVT bank & REALTY
What is an INDEX
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A chart is a graphical representation of price and volume movements of a
stock over a certain period of time.
In the graphical chart, the X‐axis represents the time period and the Y‐axis
represents the price movement.
The time period can vary from intra‐day to even a few months or more.
Commonly used charts are BARS, CANDLES, HOLLOW CANDLES, LINE,
AREA & BASE LINE
What is a stock chart?
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Time Frame is the duration of time of a single price bar on a chart.
On a 1‐minute time frame chart, each candle contains the opening, closing,
high and low price of that 1‐minute.
The commonly used time frames are 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15
minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month
Intra day trading–5 min to 60 min
Swing trading –60 min to 1 day
Long term investment –1 day to 1 month
What is a TIME FRAME?
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A candlestick is a type of price chart used in technical analysis that displa
ys
the high, low, open, and closing prices of a security for a specific period.
BODY OF A CANDLE
What is a CANDLE?
Bullish means the price is increasing, Bearish means the price is
decreasing.
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Support is a price level where a downtrend can be expected to pause due t
o a concentration of demand or buying interest.
As the price of assets or securities drops, demand for the shares increases,
thus forming the support line.
Meanwhile, resistance zones arise due to selling interest when prices have
increased.
Support = Demand zone
Resistance = Supply zone
Technical analysts use support and resistance levels to identify price
points on a chart where the probabilities favour a pause or reversal of a
prevailing trend.
What is a SUPPORT & RESISTANCE?
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A golden cross is a chart pattern in which a relatively short-term
moving average (50 SMA) crosses above a long-term moving average
(200 SMA).
A death cross is a chart pattern in which a relatively short-term moving
average (50 SMA) crosses below a long-term moving average (200
SMA).
In statistics, a moving average is a calculation used to analyze data points by
creating a series of averages of different subsets of the full data set.
In finance, a moving average (MA) is a stock indicator that is commonly used
in technical analysis.
The reason for calculating the moving average of a stock is to help smooth out
the price data by creating a constantly updated average price.
What is an MA?
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An exponential moving average (EMA) is a type of moving average (MA) that
places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points.
The exponential moving average is also referred to as the exponentially
weighted moving average.
An exponentially weighted moving average reacts more significantly to recent
price changes than a simple moving average (SMA), which applies an equal
weight to all observations in the period.
What is an EMA?
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The volume‐weighted average price (VWAP) is a trading benchmark used by
traders that gives the average price a security has traded at throughout the
day, based on both volume and price.
VWAP is important because it provides traders with insight into both the
trend and value of a security.
Whatis an VWAP?
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Trading volume is a measure of how much a given financial asset has trade
d in a period of time.
For stocks, volume is measured in the number of shares traded.
For futures and options, volume is based on how many contracts have
changed hands.
Looking at volume patterns over time can help get a sense of the strength
or
conviction behind advances and declines in specific stocks and entire
markets.
The same is true for options traders, as trading volume is an indicator of an
option’s current interest.
In fact, volume plays an important role in technical analysis and features
prominently among some key technical indicators.
What is an VOLUME?
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Gapping occurs when the price of a stock, or another asset, opens above or
below the previous day's close with no trading activity in between.
A gap is the area discontinuity in a security's price chart.
Gaps may materialize when headlines cause market fundamentals to change
rapidly during hours when markets are typically closed; for instance, the
result of an earnings call after‐hours.
What is GAP UP/DOWN?
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CANDLE STICK
PATTERNS
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The candlesticks are used for identifying trading patterns which help the
technical analyst to set up their trades.
These candlestick patterns are used for predicting the future direction of the
price movements.
The candlestick patterns are formed by grouping two or more candlesticks in
a certain way.
Sometimes powerful signals can be also given by just one candlestick.
CANDLE STICK PATTERN
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Hammer is a single candlestick pattern that is
formed at the end of a downtrend and signals
bullish reversal.
The real body of this candle is small and is
located at the top with a lower shadow which
should be more than twice the real body. This
candlestick chart pattern has no or little upper
shadow.
The psychology behind this candle formation is
that the prices opened and sellers pushed down
the prices.
Suddenly the buyers came into the market and
pushed the prices up and closed the trading
session more than the opening price.
BULLISH
HAMMER
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An Inverted Hammer is formed at the end of the
downtrend and gives a bullish reversal signal.
In this candlestick, the real body is located at th
e
end and there is a long upper shadow.
It is the inverse of the Hammer Candlestick
pattern.
This pattern is formed when the opening and
closing prices are near to each other and the
upper shadow should be more than twice the
real body. BULLISH
INVERTED HAMMER
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Hanging Man is a single candlestick pattern which i
s
formed at the end of an uptrend and signals bearish
reversal.
The real body of this candle is small and is located a
t
the top with a lower shadow which should be more
than the twice of the real body.
This candlestick pattern has no or little upper
shadow.
The psychology behind this candle formation is that
the prices opened and seller pushed down the
prices.
Suddenly the buyers came into the market and
HANGING MAN
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Shooting Star is formed at the end of the uptren
d and gives bearish reversal signal.
In this candlestick chart the real body is locate
d at the end and there is long upper shadow.
It is the inverse of the Hanging Man Candlestic
k
pattern.
This pattern is formed when the opening and
closing prices are near to each other and the
upper shadow should be more than the twice o
f
the real body.
SHOOTING STAR
BEARISH
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Doji pattern is a candlestick pattern of
indecision which is formed when the opening
and closing prices are almost equal.
It is formed when both the bulls and bears are
fighting to control prices but nobody succeeds in
gaining full control of the prices.
The candlestick pattern looks like a cross with
very small real body and long shadows.
DOJI
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The spinning top candlestick pattern is same a
s the Doji indicating indecision in the market.
The only difference between spinning top and
doji is in their formation, the real body of the
spinning is larger as compared to Doji.
SPINNING TOP
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Piercing pattern is multiple candlestick chart
pattern that is formed after a downtrend
indicating a bullish reversal.
It is formed by two candles, the first candle
being a bearish candle which indicates the
continuation of the downtrend.
The second candle is a bullish candle which
opens gap down but closes more than 50% of
the real body of the previous candle which
shows that the bulls are back in the market and
a bullish reversal is going to take place.
PIERCING PATTERN
BULLISH
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Bullish Engulfing is a multiple candlestick chart
It is formed by two candles, the second
candlestick engulfing the first candlestick.
The first candle is a bearish candle that
indicates the continuation of the downtrend.
The second candlestick is a long bullish candle
that completely engulfs the first candle and
shows that the bulls are back in the market.
BULLISH ENGULFING
BULLISH
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The Morning Star is multiple candlestick charts
pattern which is formed after a downtrend
indicating bullish reversal.
It is made of 3 candlesticks, first being a bearish
candle, second a Doji and the third being a
bullish candle.
The first candle shows the continuation of the
downtrend, the second candle being a doji
indicates indecision in the market, and the third
bullish candle shows that the bulls are back in
the market and reversal is going to take place.
The second candle should be completely out of
the real bodies of the first and third candles.
BULLISH
THE MORNING STAR
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The Three White Soldiers is a multiple
candlestick pattern that is formed after a
downtrend indicating a bullish reversal.
These candlestick charts are made of three long
bullish bodies which do not have long shadows
and are open within the real body of the
previous candle in the pattern.
THREE WHITE SOLDIERS
BULLISH
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The White Marubozu is a single candlestick
This candlestick has a long bullish body with no
upper or lower shadows which shows that the
bulls are exerting buying pressure and the
markets may turn bullish.
BULLISH
WHITE MARUBOZU
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The Three Inside Up is multiple candlestic
k
pattern which is formed after a downtrend
indicating bullish reversal.
It consists of three candlesticks, the first
being a long bearish candle, the second
candlestick being a small bullish candle
which should be in the range the first
candlestick.
The third candlestick should be a long bullish
candlestick confirming the bullish reversal.
THREE INSIDE UP
BULLISH
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The Bullish Harami is multiple candlestick
chart pattern which is formed after a
downtrend indicating bullish reversal.
It consists of two candlestick charts, the first
candlestick being a tall bearish candle and
second being a small bullish candle which
should be in the range of the first
candlestick.
The first bearish candle shows the
continuation of the bearish trend and the
second candle shows that the bulls are back
in the market.
BULLISH HARAMI
BULLISH
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The Tweezer Bottom candlestick pattern is a
bullish reversal candlestick pattern that is
formed at the end of the downtrend.
It consists of two candlesticks, the first one
being bearish and the second one being
bullish candlestick.
Both the candlesticks make almost or the
same low.When the Tweezer Bottom
candlestick pattern is formed the prior
trend is a downtrend.
TWEEZER BOTTOM
BULLISH
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The Three Outside Up is multiple
candlestick pattern which is formed after a
downtrend indicating bullish reversal.
being a short bearish candle, the second
candlestick being a large bullish candle
which should cover the first candlestick.
The third candlestick should be a long
bullish candlestick confirming the bullish
reversal.
THREE OUTSIDE UP
BULLISH
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The on neck pattern occurs after a
downtrend when a long real bodied bearish
candle is followed by a smaller real bodied
bullish candle which gaps down on the open
but then closes near the prior candle’s close.
The pattern is called a neckline because the
two closing prices are the same or almost
the same across the two candles, forming a
horizontal neckline.
ON-NECK PATTERN
BULLISH
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Dark Cloud Cover is multiple candlestick
pattern which is formed after the uptrend
indicating bearish reversal.
It is formed by two candles, the first candle
being a bullish candle which indicates the
continuation of the uptrend.
The second candle is a bearish candle which
opens gap up but closes more than 50% of
the real body of the previous candle which
shows that the bears are back in the market
and bearish reversal is going to take place.
DARK CLOUD COVER
BEARISH
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Bearish Engulfing is a multiple candlestick
pattern that is formed after an uptrend
indicating a bearish reversal.
It is formed by two candles, the second
candlestick engulfing the first candlestick.
The first candle being a bullish candle
indicates the continuation of the uptrend.
The second candlestick chart is a long
bearish candle that completely engulfs the
first candle and shows that the bears are
back in the market.
BEARISH ENGULFING
BEARISH
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The Evening Star is multiple candlestick
It is made of 3 candlesticks, first being a
bullish candle, second a doji and third being
a bearish candle.
The first candle shows the continuation of
the uptrend, the second candle being a doji
indicates indecision in the market, and the
third bearish candle shows that the bears
are back in the market and reversal is going
to take place.
The second candle should be completely out
of the real bodies of first and third candle.
BEARISH
THE EVENING STAR
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The Three Black Crows is multiple
candlestick pattern which is formed after an
uptrend indicating bearish reversal.
These candlesticks are made of three long
bearish bodies which do not have long
shadows and open within the real body of
the previous candle in the pattern.
THREE BLACK CROWS
BEARISH
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The Black Marubozu is a single candlestick
pattern which is formed after an uptrend
This candlestick chart has a long bearish
body with no upper or lower shadows which
shows that the bears are exerting selling
pressure and the markets may turn bearish.
At the formation of this candle, the buyers
should be caution and close their buying
position.
BLACK MARUBOZU
BEARISH
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The Three Inside Down is multiple
being a long bullish candle, the second
candlestick being a small bearish which
should be in the range the first candlestick.
The third candlestick chart should be a long
bearish candlestick confirming the bearish
reversal.
The relationship of the first and second
candlestick should be of the bearish Harami
candlestick pattern.
THREE INSIDE DOWN
BEARISH
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The Bearish Harami is multiple candlestick
It consists of two candlesticks, the first
candlestick being a tall bullish candle and
second being a small bearish candle which
should be in the range of the first
candlestick chart.
The first bullish candle shows the
continuation of the bullish trend and the
second candle shows that the bears are back
in the market.
BEARISH HARAMI
BEARISH
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TWEEZER TOP
The Tweezer Top pattern is a bearish reversal
candlestick pattern that is formed at the end
of an uptrend.
It consists of two candlesticks, the first one
being bullish and the second one being
bearish candlestick.
Both the tweezer candlestick make almost or
the same high.
When the Tweezer Top candlestick pattern is
formed the prior trend is an uptrend.
A bullish candlestick is formed which looks
like the continuation of the ongoing uptrend.
BEARISH
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The Three Outside Down is multiple
It consists of three candlesticks, the first being
a short bullish candle, the second candlestick
being a large bearish candle which should
cover the first candlestick.
The third candlestick should be a long bearish
candlestick confirming the bearish reversal.
THREE OUTSIDE DOWN
BEARISH
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The “falling three methods” is a bearish, five
candle continuation pattern which signals an
interruption, but not a reversal, of the ongoing
downtrend.
The candlestick pattern is made of two long
candlestick charts in the direction of the trend
i.e downtrend at the beginning and end, with
three shorter counter‐trend candlesticks in
the middle.
FALLING THREE METHODS
BEARISH
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The “rising three methods” is a bullish, five
candle continuation pattern which signals an
interruption, but not a reversal, of the ongoing
uptrend.
The candlestick pattern is made of two long
candlesticks in the direction of the trend i.e
uptrend in this case. at the beginning and end,
with three shorter counter‐trend candlesticks
in the middle.
RISING THREE METHODS
BULLISH
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It is a bullish continuation candlestick pattern
which is formed in an ongoing uptrend.
This candlestick pattern consists of three candles,
the first candlestick is a long‐bodied bullish
candlestick, and the second candlestick is also a
bullish candlestick chart formed after a gap up.
The third candlestick is a bearish candle that
closes in the gap formed between these first two
bullish candles.
UPSIDE TASUKI GAP
BULLISH
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It is a bearish continuation candlestick pattern
which is formed in an ongoing downtrend.
This candlestick pattern consists of three candles,
the first candlestick is a long‐bodied bearish
candlestick, and the second candlestick is also a
bearish candlestick formed after a gap down.
The third candlestick is a bullish candle that
closes in the gap formed between these first two
bearish candles.
DOWNSIDE TASUKI GAP
BEARISH
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A mat hold pattern is a candlestick formation
indicating the continuation of a prior trend.
There can be either bearish or bullish mat hold
patterns.
A bullish pattern begins with a large bullish
candle followed by a gap higher and three smaller
candles which move lower.
MAT-HOLD
BULLISH
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CHART PATTERNS
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Stock chart patterns are an important trading tool that should be utilised as
part of your technical analysis strategy .
From beginners to professionals, chart patterns play an integral part when
looking for market trends and predicting movements.
They can be used to analyse all markets including forex, shares, commodities
and more.
The following stock chart patterns are the most recognisable and common
chart patterns to look out for when using technical analysis to trade the
financial markets.
What is a CHART PATTERN?
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The ascending triangle is a bullish ‘continuation’ chart pattern that signifies a
breakout is likely where the triangle lines converge.
To draw this pattern, you need to place a horizontal line (the resistance line) on
the resistance points and draw an ascending line (the uptrend line) along the
support points.
ASCENDING TRIANGLE
BULLISH
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Unlike ascending triangles, the descending triangle represents a bearish
market downtrend.
The support line is horizontal, and the resistance line is descending, signifying
the possibility of a downward breakout.
DESCENDING TRIANGLE
BEARISH
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For symmetrical triangles,
two trend lines start to meet
which signifies a breakout in
either direction.
The support line is drawn
with an upward trend, and
the resistance line is drawn
with a downward trend.
Even though the breakout
can happen in either
direction, it often follows the
general trend of the market.
SYMMETRICAL TRIANGLE
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Pennants are represented by two lines that meet at a set point.
They are often formed after strong upward or downward moves where traders
pause and the price consolidates, before the trend continues in the same
direction.
PENNANT
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The flag stock chart pattern is shaped as a sloping rectangle, where the suppo
rt and resistance lines run parallel until there is a breakout.
The breakout is usually the opposite direction of the trendlines, meaning this i
s
a reversal pattern.
FLAG
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A wedge pattern represents a tightening price movement between the suppo
rt and resistance lines, this can be either a rising wedge or a falling wedge.
Unlike the triangle, the wedge doesn’t have a horizontal trend line and is
characterised by either two upward trend lines or two downward trend lines.
For a downward wedge, it is thought that the price will break through the
resistance and for an upward wedge, the price is hypothesised to break
through the support.
This means the wedge is a reversal pattern as the breakout is opposite to the
general trend.
WEDGE
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WEDGE
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A double bottom looks similar to the letter W and indicates when the price ha
s made two unsuccessful attempts at breaking through the support level.
It is a reversal chart pattern as it highlights a trend reversal. After
unsuccessfully breaking through the support twice, the market price shifts
towards an uptrend.
DOUBLE BOTTOM
BULLISH
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Opposite to a double bottom, a double top looks much like the letter M.
The trend enters a reversal phase after failing to break through the resistance
level twice.
The trend then follows back to the support threshold and starts a downward
trend breaking through the support line.
BEARISH
DOUBLE TOP
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The head and shoulders pattern tries to predict a bull to bear market reversa
l. Characterised by a large peak with two smaller peaks either side, all three
levels fall back to the same support level.
The trend is then likely to breakout in a downward motion.
BEARISH
HEAD AND SHOULDERS
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A rounding bottom
or cup usually
indicates a bullish
upward trend,
whereas a rounding
top usually indicates
a bearish downward
trend.
Traders can buy at
the middle of the U
shape, capitalising
on the trend that
follows as it breaks
through the
resistance levels.
ROUNDING TOP OR BOTTOM
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The cup and handle is a
well‐known
continuation stock chart
pattern that signals a
bullish market trend. It
is the same as the above
rounding bottom, but
features a handle after
the rounding bottom.
The handle resembles a
flag or pennant, and
once completed, you can
see the market breakout
in a bullish upwards
trend.
CUP AND HANDLE
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Trendlines are easily recognizable lines that traders draw on charts to
connect a series of prices together or show some data's best fit.
The resulting line is then used to give the trader a good idea of the direction
in which an investment's value might move.
A trendline is a line drawn over pivot highs or under pivot lows to show the
prevailing direction of price.
Trendlines are a visual representation of support and resistance in any time
frame.
They show direction and speed of price, and also describe patterns during
periods of price contraction.
What is a TRENDLINE?
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DERIVATIVE
MARKETS
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Common derivatives include futures contracts, forwards, options, and
swaps.
The term derivative refers to a type of financial contract whose value is
dependent on an underlying asset, group of assets, or benchmark.
A derivative is set between two or more parties that can trade on an exchange
or over‐the‐counter (OTC).
These contracts can be used to trade any number of assets and carry their
own risks.
Prices for derivatives derive from fluctuations in the underlying asset.
These financial securities are commonly used to access certain markets and
may be traded to hedge against risk.
What are DERIVATIVE?
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Futures are derivative financial contracts that obligate the parties to transa
ct an asset at a predetermined future date and price.
The buyer must purchase or the seller must sell the underlying asset at the
set price, regardless of the current market price at the expiration date.
Underlying assets include physical commodities or other financial
instruments.
Futures contracts detail the quantity of the underlying asset and are
standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange.
Futures can be used for hedging or trade speculation.
What are FUTURES?
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All futures contracts are time‐bound.
The expiry or the expiry date of the futures contract is the date upto which
the agreement is valid.
Beyond the valid date, the contract ceases to exist.
Also, be aware that the day a contract expires, the exchanges introduce new
contracts.
What is an Expiration date?
For stocks, there are monthly expiry in NSE
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Future is a standardized contract where everything related to the agreeme
nt is pre‐determined.
The lot size is one such parameter. Lot size specifies the minimum quantity
that you will have to transact in a futures contract.
Lot size varies from one asset to another.
Stock specific, varies from 10 qty. (MRF) to 70000 qty. (IDEA)
What is LOT size?
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@amrevshashwat

In finance, the margin is the collateral that an investor has to deposit with
their broker or an exchange to cover the credit risk the holder poses for the
broker or the exchange.
An investor can create credit risk if they borrow cash from the broker to buy
financial instruments, borrow financial instruments to sell them short, or
enter into a derivative contract.
Buying on margin occurs when an investor buys an asset by borrowing the
balance from a broker.
Buying on margin refers to the initial payment made to the broker for the
asset; the investor uses the marginable securities in their brokerage account
as collateral.
Daily margin in equity segment comprise of the sum of VaR(Value
at Risk) margin & Extreme Loss Margin
What is MARGIN?
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@amrevshashwat

AARTI INDUSTRIES LTD, ACC LIMITED, ABBOTT INDIA LIMITED, ALKEM LABORATORIES LTD., AMARA RAJA BATTERIES LTD., ATUL LTD, ADANI PORT & SEZ LTD, APOLLO
HOSPITALS ENTER. L, ASHOK LEYLAND LTD, AXIS BANK LIMITED, BAJAJ FINANCE LIMITED, ASIAN PAINTS LIMITED, ASTRAL LIMITED, AU SMALL FINANCE BANK LTD, BAJAJ
FINSERV LTD., BANDHAN BANK LIMITED, BIRLASOFT LIMITED, CANARA BANK, BATA INDIA LTD, CHAMBAL FERTILIZERS LTD, COAL INDIA LTD, BHARAT FORGE LTD,
COFORGE LIMITED, BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED, BHEL, BOSCH LIMITED, BHARAT PETROLEUM CORP LT, EICHER MOTORS LTD, BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES LTD, CADILA
HEALTHCARE LIMITED, FIRSTSOURCE SOLU. LTD., CAN FIN HOMES LTD, GUJARAT STATE PETRO LTD, CIPLA LTD, HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD, COLGATE PALMOLIVE LTD., HDFC
LIFE INS CO LTD, COROMANDEL INTERNTL. LTD, HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD, CROMPT GREA CON ELEC LTD, INTERGLOBE AVIATION LTD, CUMMINS INDIA LTD, DABUR
INDIA LTD, INDUS TOWERS LIMITED, DELTA CORP LIMITED, DIVI'S LABORATORIES LTD, DIXON TECHNO (INDIA) LTD, ITC LTD, DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES, EXIDE
INDUSTRIES LTD, FEDERAL BANK LTD, GAIL (INDIA) LTD, LAURUS LABS LIMITED, GMR INFRASTRUCTURE LTD., GODREJ CONSUMER PRODUCTS, GODREJ PROPERTIES LTD,
GRANULES INDIA LIMITED, GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD, MANAPPURAM FINANCE LTD, GUJARAT GAS LIMITED, HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD, HAVELLS INDIA LIMITED,
UNITED SPIRITS LIMITED, HDFC LTD, HDFC AMC LIMITED, HDFC BANK LTD, INDIABULLS HSG FIN LTD, NTPC LTD, ICICI BANK LTD., VODAFONE IDEA LIMITED, IDFC FIRST
BANK LIMITED, INDIAN ENERGY EXC LTD, INDRAPRASTHA GAS LTD, THE INDIAN HOTELS CO. LTD, INDIAMART INTERMESH LTD, POWER FIN CORP LTD., INDUSIND BANK
LIMITED, INFOSYS LIMITED, INDIAN OIL CORP LTD, JINDAL STEEL & POWER LTD, THE RAMCO CEMENTS LIMITED, JK CEMENT LIMITED, RBL BANK LIMITED, L&T FINANCE
HOLDINGS LTD, LIC HOUSING FINANCE LTD, L&T TECHNOLOGY SER. LTD., AMBUJA CEMENTS LTD, LUPIN LIMITED, MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD, M&M FIN. SERVICES LTD,
SBI CARDS & PAY SER LTD, MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD., ADANI ENTERPRISES LIMITED, MULTI COMMODITY EXCHANGE, METROPOLIS HEALTHCARE LTD, MAHANAGAR GAS
LTD., MPHASIS LIMITED, MRF LTD, MUTHOOT FINANCE LIMITED, TATA CONSULTANCY SERV LT, NIPPON L I A M LTD, NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO LTD, TVS MOTOR COMPANY
LTD, NESTLE INDIA LIMITED, ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED, WHIRLPOOL OF INDIA LTD, OBEROI REALTY LIMITED, ORACLE FIN SERV SOFT LTD., BAJAJ AUTO LIMITED, OIL
AND NATURAL GAS CORP., PAGE INDUSTRIES LTD, PIRAMAL ENTERPRISES LTD, PERSISTENT SYSTEMS LTD, PETRONET LNG LIMITED, PFIZER LTD, PIDILITE INDUSTRIES
LTD, BALKRISHNA IND. LTD, PI INDUSTRIES LTD, PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK, POLYCAB INDIA LIMITED, POWER GRID CORP. LTD., REC LIMITED, STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA,
SBI LIFE INSURANCE CO LTD, STATE BANK OF INDIA, SIEMENS LTD, SRF LTD, STRIDES PHARMA SCI LTD, SUN PHARMACEUTICAL IND L, SUN TV NETWORK LIMITED, SYNGENE
INTERNATIONAL LTD, TATA CHEMICALS LTD, TATA CONSUMER PRODUCT LTD, TATA POWER CO LTD, TATA STEEL LIMITED, TORRENT POWER LTD, BHARAT ELECTRONICS
LTD, TRENT LTD, VEDANTA LIMITED, WIPRO LTD, ZEE ENTERTAINMENT ENT LTD, ADITYA BIRLA FASHION & RT, APOLLO TYRES LTD, CHOLAMANDALAM IN & FIN CO,
AUROBINDO PHARMA LTD, BANK OF BARODA, BERGER PAINTS (I) LTD, CONTAINER CORP OF IND LTD, CITY UNION BANK LTD, DEEPAK NITRITE LTD, DALMIA BHARAT
LIMITED, DLF LIMITED, ESCORTS INDIA LTD, GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS, HERO MOTOCORP LIMITED, HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORP, HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LTD.,
ICICI PRU LIFE INS CO LTD, THE INDIA CEMENTS LIMITED, INDIAN RAIL TOUR CORP LTD, JSW STEEL LIMITED, JUBILANT FOODWORKS LTD, DR. LAL PATH LABS LTD., LARSEN
& TOUBRO LTD., L&T INFOTECH LIMITED, MARICO LIMITED, MINDTREE LIMITED, INFO EDGE (I) LTD, NAVIN FLUORINE INT. LTD, NMDC LTD., PVR LIMITED, RELIANCE
INDUSTRIES LTD, SHREE CEMENT LIMITED, SHRIRAM TRANSPORT FIN CO., TATA MOTORS LIMITED, TECH MAHINDRA LIMITED, TORRENT PHARMACEUTICALS L, UNITED
BREWERIES LTD, UPL LIMITED, BIOCON LIMITED., ICICI LOMBARD GIC LIMITED, IPCA LABORATORIES LTD, MOTHERSON SUMI SYSTEMS LT, KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD,
TITAN COMPANY LIMITED, VOLTAS LTD, ALEMBIC PHARMA LTD, MAX FINANCIAL SERV LTD
Total of 188 stocks are in Futures category
What are Stocks in Futures category?
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DECODING
OPTIONS
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@amrevshashwat

TUESDAY
THURSDAY
TUESDAY
THURSDAY
and for FINNIFTY its on every
and for FINNIFTY its on last
For NIFTY & BANKNIFTY weekly expiry is on every For
NIFTY & BANKNIFTY monthly expiry is on last
For NIFTY its in 50 multiples
For BANKNIFTY its in 100 multiples
For FINNIFTY its in 100 multiples
•Anytimebeforeexpiration(Americanstyle)
•Only at expiration(EuropeanStyle)
The contractstipulates:
•Expirationdate
•Strikeprice
•
•Underlying(can bestock, index, commodity or crypto)thatthecontractwillbe basedupon
•For NIFTY its 50, BANKNIFTY its 25 & FINNIFTY its 40
•When theholdercanexercisetheoption (convertto theunderlying)
An option is simply a contractual agreement between two parties, the
buyer and the seller.
•
•
•
•
What is an Option?
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@amrevshashwat

People trade options for many different reasons. Since we are focusing
on options basics today, we will focus on the most common reasons.
Eg: 300 qtyof INFOSYS
Eg: 300 qtyof INFY 30 dec2021 CE 176030 (Capital required = 30 * 300 = 9000/-)
Whereas if you want to purchase 300 qtyof INFY @ 1760, capital required = 300 * 1760 = 528000/-
Leverage:As stated on the last slide, one option contract controls 100 shares of the
underlying’s stock
Capital outlay:You can purchase an option for significantly less than purchasing the
underlying stock outright.
Time:Options have a finite expiration date. They are a “wasting” asset. They will either
expire worthless or be turned into long/short shares of the underlying.
Leverage:Leverage goes both ways, it can hurt you as much as it helps you.We will show
an example shortly.
What’s the tradeoff ?
WhydoPeople TradeOptions?
1.
2.
1.
2.
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@amrevshashwat

XCall option is a contract that allows the option holder (buyer) to buy 100 shares (typically) at the
strike price up to the defined expiration date.
XCall options obligate the seller (writer) to sell 100 shares (typically) of the underlying at the strike
price up to the defined expiration date.
XPut option is a contract that allows the option holder to sell 100 shares (typically) at the strike price
up to the defined expiration date.
XPut options obligate the seller to buy 100 shares (typically) of the underlying at the strike price up
to the defined expiration date.
There are two types of options, Calls and Puts
1.
Bullish
Bearish
2.
Bearish
Bullish
XLONG the call.
XSaid to be SHORT the call.
XLong the put.
XShort the put.
Call or Put?
CALL
PUT
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With options, you can either be a buyer or seller
Have a right to Exercise and buy or sell 100 shares of the underlying
Also called a call/put holder (long the option)
Have obligation to buy/sell at Assignment 100 shares of the underlying
Also called a call/put writer (short the option)
XBUYER
XSELLER
X
X
X
X
Buyer or Seller?
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@amrevshashwat

OPTION CHAIN
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XThe strike price is the price at which you contract to buy or sell
a particular stock. For example, if the stock of ASHOK LEYLAND
is quoting at Rs. 126, and if you are expecting a 5% increase in
price, then you need to buy an ASHOK LEYLAND call option
with a strike price of 130 or 132.
What is a strike price?
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What is a EXPIRY & TIME DECAY?
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STRIKE PRICE
17300
17350
17400
17450
17500
17550
17600
CALLS
ITM
ITM
ITM
ATM
OTM
OTM
OTM
PUT
S
OTM
OTM
OTM
ATM
ITM
ITM
ITM
ATM, ITM, OTM
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@amrevshashwat

OPTIONS GREEKS
INTRINSIC VALUE
EXTRINSIC VALUE
OPTION CHAIN
OPTION INTREST
MAX PAIN ……
DELTA
GAMMA
THETA
VEGA
X
X
X
X
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@amrevshashwat

SCANNERS
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A stock scanner is a screening tool that searches the markets to find stocks
that meet a set of user‐selected criteria and metrics for trading and investing.
Scanners can be modified to find the most suitable candidates that meet your
specific filters.
What is a SCANNER?
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ALGO TRADING
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What is a ALGO TRADING?
Algo trading is also known as Algorithmic trading, is a method of executing
orders using automated pre‐programmed trading instructions accounting for
variables such as time, price, and volume.
Algorithmic trading(automated trading, black‐box trading, or simply algo
trading) is the process of using computers programmed to follow a defined
set of instructions for placing a trade in order to generate profits at a speed
and frequency that is impossible for a human trader.
While you can build your own algorithm and deploy it to generate buy or sell
signals, Manual intervention is needed for placing orders as full automation is
not permitted for retail traders.
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Everyday in the morning
In BANKNIFTY
Short atmat 09:45am, Eg. 36200 ce/peshort
Buy hedges +1000/-1000 for CE/PE Eg.37200 ce35200 pebuy
30% slper leg
Max loss = 2000
Max profit = 4000
2:55 auto square off
AMREV’S SECRET
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@amrevshashwat

TRADETRON
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Backtesting is the general method for seeing how well a strategy or model
would have done ex‐post.
Backtesting assesses the viability of a trading strategy by discovering how it
would play out using historical data.
If backtesting works, traders and analysts may have the confidence to employ
it going forward.
What is a BACKTEST?
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@amrevshashwat

FUNDAMENTAL
ANALYSIS
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Fundamental analysis (FA) is a method of measuring a security's intrinsic
value by examining related economic and financial factors.
Fundamental analysts study anything that can affect the security's value, from
macroeconomic factors such as the state of the economy and industry
conditions to microeconomic factors like the effectiveness of the company's
management.
The end goal is to arrive at a number that an investor can compare with a
security's current price in order to see whether the security is undervalued
or overvalued.
This method of stock analysis is considered to be in contrast to technical
analysis, which forecasts the direction of prices through an analysis of
historical market data such as price and volume.
Quantitative analysis & Qualitative analysis
What is FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS?
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BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
A company's balance sheet, also known as a "statement of financial
position," reveals the firm's assets, liabilities and owners' equity (net worth).
The balance sheet, together with the income statement and cash flow
statement, make up the cornerstone of any company's financial
statements.
P&L ANALYSIS
A company's balance sheet, also known as a "statement of financial
position," reveals the firm's assets, liabilities and owners' equity (net worth).
The balance sheet, together with the income statement and cash flow
statement, make up the cornerstone of any company's financial
statements.
CASHFLOW ANALYSIS
Cash flow analysis is a financial statement that records how money flows into
and out of your business during a specific predetermined period of time.
What is QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS?
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What is FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS?
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MARKET CAP
Market cap—or market capitalization—refers to the total value of all a
company's shares of stock.
It is calculated by multiplying the price of a stock by its total number of
outstanding shares.
For example, Reliance with 676.4 crore shares selling at Rs.2359.1 a share
would have a market cap of Rs.1,595,713 crore.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
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BETA
Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market. By
definition, the market, such as the S&P 500 Index, has a beta of 1.0, and
individual stocks are ranked according to how much they deviate from the
market.
A stock that swings more than the market over time has a beta above 1.0.
EPS
Earnings per share (EPS) is a company's net profit divided by the number of
common shares it has outstanding.
EPS indicates how much money a company makes for each share of its stock
and is a widely used metric for estimating corporate value.
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P/E
The price‐to‐earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is the ratio for valuing a company that
measures its current share price relative to its earnings per share (EPS).
The price‐to‐earnings ratio is also sometimes known as the price multiple or
the earnings multiple.
P/E ratios are used by investors and analysts to determine the relative value
of a company's shares in an apples‐to‐apples comparison.
It can also be used to compare a company against its own historical record or
to compare aggregate markets against one another or over time.
P/E may be estimated on a trailing (backward‐looking) or forward
(projected) basis.
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BOOK VALUE
The book value of a stock is theoretically the amount of money that would be
paid to shareholders if the company was liquidated and paid off all of its
liabilities.
As a result, the book value equals the difference between a company's total
assets and total liabilities.
P/B
The price‐to‐book (P/B) ratio has been favored by value investors for decades
and is widely used by market analysts.
Traditionally, any value under 1.0 is considered a good P/B value, indicating a
potentially undervalued stock.
However, value investors often consider stocks with a P/B value under 3.0.
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FACE VALUE
Face value is a financial term used to describe the nominal or dollar value of a
security, as stated by its issuer.
For stocks, the face value is the original cost of the stock, as listed on t
he certificate.
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Corporate actions are events initiated by a company that will bring changes
to the stock.
These actions are authorised by shareholders and the Board of Directors.
Examples include stock splits, bonus issues, write‐offs and mergers.
They are accompanied by an ex‐date ‐ representing the date on which the
action will be executed
CORPORATE ACTION
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DIVIDEND
A dividend is the distribution of some of a company's earnings to a class of its
shareholders, as determined by the company's board of directors.
Common shareholders of dividend‐paying companies are typically eligible as
long as they own the stock before the ex‐dividend date.
CORPORATE ACTION
GAIL 40%
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STOCK SPLIT
A stock split, sometimes called a bonus share, divides the value of each of the
outstanding shares of a company.
A two‐for‐one stock split is most common. An investor who holds one share
will automatically own two shares, each worth exactly half the price of the
original share.
So, the company has just cut its own stock price in half. Inevitably, the market
will adjust the price upwards the day the split is implemented.
The effects: Current shareholders are rewarded, and potential buyers are
more interested.
TTK PRESTIGE 10:1
CORPORATE ACTION
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RIGHTS ISSUES
A company implementing a rights issue is offering additional or new shares
only to current shareholders.
The existing shareholders are given the right to purchase or receive these
shares before they are offered to the public.
A rights issue regularly takes place in the form of a stock split, and in any case
can indicate that existing shareholders are being offered a chance to take
advantage of a promising new development.
CORPORATE ACTION
BHARTI AIRTEL 1:14
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A shareholding pattern refers to an official disclosure requirement of
companies, whereby the namesake document details about its ownership
pattern, comprising of both promoters and non‐promoters.
SHARE HOLDING PATTERN
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INVESTMENT
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An
investment
is
an
asset
or
item
acquired
with
the
goal
of
generating
incom
e
or
appreciation.
Appreciation
refers
to
an
increase
in
the
value
of
an
asset
over
time.
When
an
individual
purchases
a
good
as
an
investment,
the
intent
is
not
to
consume
the
good
but
rather
to
use
it
in
the
future
to
create
wealth.
An
investment
always
concerns
the
outlay
of
some
capital
today—
time,
effort,
money,
or
an
asset—in
hopes
of
a
greater
payoff
in
the
future
than
what
was
originally
put
in.
For
example,
an
investor
may
purchase
a
monetary
asset
now
with
the
idea
that
the
asset
will
provide
income
in
the
future
or
will
later
be
sold
at
a
highe
r
price
for
a
profit.
There
are
four
main
investment
types,
or
asset
classes,
that
you
can
choose
from,
each
with
distinct
characteristics,
risks
and
benefits.
What
is
INVESTMENT?
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Twitter:
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These
are
more
suitable
for
long
term
investors
that
are
willing
and
able
t
o
withstand
market
ups
and
downs.
Stocks,
Commodity
Futures,
Security
Futures,
Options
Mutual
Funds
and
ETFs
Precious
metals
&
rare
coins
Bonds
Bank
Products
Annuities,
Retirement
Insurance
Alternative
and
Complex
Products
Initial
Coin
Offerings
and
Cryptocurrencies
What
are
GROWTH
INVESTMENTS?
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shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

A
mutual
fund
is
a
type
of
financial
vehicle
made
up
of
a
pool
of
money
collected
from
many
investors
to
invest
in
securities
like
stocks,
bonds,
money
market
instruments,
and
other
assets.
Mutual
funds
are
operated
by
professional
money
managers,
who
allocate
the
fund's
assets
and
attempt
to
produce
capital
gains
or
income
for
the
fund's
investors.
A
mutual
fund's
portfolio
is
structured
and
maintained
to
match
the
investment
objectives
stated
in
its
prospectus.
Mutual
funds
give
small
or
individual
investors
access
to
professionally
managed
portfolios
of
equities,
bonds,
and
other
securities.
Each
shareholder,
therefore,
participates
proportionally
in
the
gains
or
losses
of
the
fund.
Mutual
funds
invest
in
a
vast
number
of
securities,
and
performance
is
usually
tracked
as
the
change
in
the
total
market
cap
of
the
fund—derived
by
the
aggregating
performance
of
the
underlying
investments.
What
is
a
MUTUAL
FUND?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

A
systematic
investment
plan
(SIP)
is
a
plan
in
which
investors
make
regul
ar,
equal
payments
into
a
mutual
fund,
trading
account,
or
retirement
account.
SIPs
allow
investors
to
save
regularly
with
a
smaller
amount
of
money
whil
e
benefiting
from
the
long‐term
advantages
of
dollar‐cost
averaging
(DCA).
By
using
a
DCA
strategy,
an
investor
buys
an
investment
using
periodic
equ
al
transfers
of
funds
to
build
wealth
or
a
portfolio
over
time
slowly.
What
is
SIP?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Dollar‐
cost
averaging
(DCA)
is
an
investment
strategy
in
which
an
investor
divides
up
the
total
amount
to
be
invested
across
periodic
purchases
of
a
target
asset
in
an
effort
to
reduce
the
impact
of
volatility
on
the
overall
purchase.
The
purchases
occur
regardless
of
the
asset's
price
and
at
regular
interval
s.
In
effect,
this
strategy
removes
much
of
the
detailed
work
of
attempting
t
o
time
the
market
in
order
to
make
purchases
of
equities
at
the
best
prices.
Dollar‐cost
averaging
is
also
known
as
the
constant
dollar
plan.
What
is
DCA?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

An
exchange
traded
fund
(ETF)
is
a
type
of
security
that
tracks
an
index,
sector,
commodity,
or
other
asset,
but
which
can
be
purchased
or
sold
on
a
stock
exchange
the
same
way
a
regular
stock
can.
An
ETF
can
be
structured
to
track
anything
from
the
price
of
an
individual
commodity
to
a
large
and
diverse
collection
of
securities.
ETFs
can
even
be
structured
to
track
specific
investment
strategies.
ETFs
can
contain
many
types
of
investments,
including
stocks,
commodities,
bonds,
or
a
mixture
of
investment
types.
An
exchange
traded
fund
is
a
marketable
security,
meaning
it
has
an
associated
price
that
allows
it
to
be
easily
bought
and
sold.
What
is
an
ETF?
NIFTY
BEES
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Gold
and
silver
have
been
recognized
as
valuable
metals
and
have
been
coveted
for
a
long
time.
Even
today,
precious
metals
have
their
place
in
a
savvy
investor's
portfolio.
There
are
many
ways
to
buy
into
precious
metals
like
gold,
silver,
and
platinum.
What
is
PRESIOUS
METALS?
Physical,
SGB
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

A
bond
is
a
fixed‐income
instrument
that
represents
a
loan
made
by
an
investor
to
a
borrower
(typically
corporate
or
governmental).
A
bond
could
be
thought
of
as
an
I.O.U.
between
the
lender
and
borrower
that
includes
the
details
of
the
loan
and
its
payments.
Bonds
are
used
by
companies,
municipalities,
states,
and
sovereign
governments
to
finance
projects
and
operations.
Owners
of
bonds
are
debtholders,
or
creditors,
of
the
issuer.
Bond
details
include
the
end
date
when
the
principal
of
the
loan
is
due
to
be
paid
to
the
bond
owner
and
usually
include
the
terms
for
variable
or
fixed
interest
payments
made
by
the
borrower.
INDIA’S
debt
market
is
421.35
Billion
USD
What
are
BONDS?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

CRYPTOCURRENCY
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Digital
currency
is
a
form
of
currency
that
is
available
only
in
digital
o
r
electronic
form.
It
is
also
called
digital
money,
electronic
money,
electronic
currency,
or
cybercash.
Cryptocurrencies
Virtual
Currencies
Central
Bank
Digital
Currencies
PNB
scam,
1990
Iraq
vsKuwait
What
is
digital
currency?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

A
blockchain
is
a
distributed
database
that
is
shared
among
the
nodes
of
a
computer
network.
As
a
database,
a
blockchain
stores
information
electronically
in
digital
format.
Blockchains
are
best
known
for
their
crucial
role
in
cryptocurrency
systems,
such
as
Bitcoin,
for
maintaining
a
secure
and
decentralized
record
of
transactions.
The
innovation
with
a
blockchain
is
that
it
guarantees
the
fidelity
and
security
of
a
record
of
data
and
generates
trust
without
the
need
for
a
trusted
third
party.
What
is
BLOCKCHAIN?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Satoshi
Nakamoto
is
the
anonymous
name
used
by
the
creators
of
the
Bitcoin
cryptocurrency.
Although
the
name
Satoshi
Nakamoto
is
often
synonymous
with
Bitcoin,
the
actual
person
that
the
name
represents
has
never
been
found,
leading
many
people
to
believe
that
it
is
a
pseudonym
for
a
person
with
a
different
identity
or
a
group
of
people.
Father
of
BITCOIN
Who
is
SATOSHI
NAKAMOTO?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

CRYPTOCURRENCY
scamming
Social
Engineering
Scams,
Romance
Scams,
Imposter
and
Giveaway
Scams,
Phishing
Scams,
Blackmail
and
Extortion
Scams,
Investment
or
Business
Opportunity
Scams,
New
Crypto-Based
Opportunities:
ICOs
and
NFTs,
DeFiRug
Pulls,
Cloud
Mining
Scams,
Initiatives
aiming
to
obtain
access
to
a
target's
digital
wallet
or
authenticati
on
credentials.
This
means
scammers
try
to
get
information
that
gives
them
access
to
a
digital
wallet
or
other
types
of
private
information
such
as
security
codes.
In
some
cases,
this
even
includes
access
to
physical
hardware.
Transferring
cryptocurrency
directly
to
a
scammer
due
to
impersonation,
fraudulent
investment
or
business
opportunities,
or
other
malicious
means.
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Is
crypto
currency
banned
in
INDIA?
No
crypto
ban
in
India
—
SEBI
will
reportedly
be
pulled
in
to
regulate
the
sector.
The
Indian
government
is
not
looking
to
ban
cryptocurrencies,
but
to
regulate
them
as
'assets'.
All
Indian
crypto
exchanges
will
reportedly
come
under
the
purview
of
the
Securities
and
Exchange
Board
of
India
(SEBI).
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

What
happens
if
you
buy
$1
worth
of
#SHIB
a
year
ago
(AUGUST
202
0)
Aug
2020
=
Buy
$1
of
SHIB
Nov
2020
=
$0.19
April
2021
=
$12,000
May
2021
=
$120,000
Aug
2021
=
$20,000
Today
=
$243,333
Why
is
crypto
investing
essential?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Volatility
RR
is
much
higher
Prices
behave
without
rationale
24/7
Security
threats
Legally
not
protected
Almost
every
day
some
or
the
other
crypto
performs
+/‐
100%~1000%
CRYPTO
TRADING
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

Bitcoin
mining
is
the
process
by
which
new
bitcoins
are
entered
into
circulation;
it
is
also
the
way
that
new
transactions
are
confirmed
by
the
network
and
a
critical
component
of
the
maintenance
and
development
of
the
blockchainledger.
"Mining"
is
performed
using
sophisticated
hardware
that
solves
an
extremely
complex
computational
math
problem.
The
first
computer
to
find
the
solution
to
the
problem
is
awarded
the
next
block
of
bitcoins
and
the
process
begins
again.
Cryptocurrency
mining
is
painstaking,
costly,
and
only
sporadically
rewarding.
Nonetheless,
mining
has
a
magnetic
appeal
for
many
investors
interested
in
cryptocurrency
because
of
the
fact
that
miners
are
rewarded
for
their
work
with
crypto
tokens.
This
may
be
because
entrepreneurial
types
see
mining
as
pennies
from
heaven.
What
is
BITCOIN
MINING?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

QUERIES?
Instagram:
shashwat_amrev
Twitter:
@amrevshashwat

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