What is our world our world is our home.

1. SHAPE OF THE EARTH
 Geoid: A hypothetical solid figure
whose surface corresponds to mean
sea level and its imagined extension
under land areas.
 Sphere: A round solid figure, or its
surface, with every point on its surface
equidistant from its centre.
 Equator: A line notational drawn on
the earth equidistant from the poles,
dividing the earth into northern and
southern hemispheres and
constituting the parallel of latitude 0°.
1. Our World

2. GLOBES AND MAPS
GLOBES : A globe is three-dimensional model of
the earth. As the earth is so large, we cannot
look at it as a whole. The globe represent the
earth as it looks from the space.
MAPS : A map is a flat and two dimensional
drawing of the entire or a particular portion of
the earth. It can show only a part of the earth
surface in detail at one time. Maps are easier to
carry. A person who makes map is called
cartographer.

4. Continents and Oceans
There are seven continents and five oceans in the world. Three parts
of the world are covered with water and only one part consists of
land.
Continents Oceans
Asia Pacific
Africa Atlantic
North America Indian
South America Southern
Europe Arctic
Australia
Antarctica

5. Continents
Continents are continuous expanses of land. Each continent is made up of
different countries. for example there are 54 countries in the continent of Africa.
ASIA includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated
continent, the 60% of the total population of the Earth live
here.
AFRICA comprises 54 countries. It is the hottest continent
and home of the world's largest desert, the Sahara,
occupying the 25% of the total area of Africa.
NORTH AMERICA includes 23 countries led by the USA as
the largest economy in the world.

6. SOUTH AMERICA comprises 12 countries. Here is
located the largest forest, the Amazon rainforest,
which covers 30% of the South America total area.
ANTARCTICA is the coldest continent in the world,
completely covered with ice. There are no
permanent inhabitants, except of scientists
maintaining research stations in Antarctica.
EUROPE comprises 51 countries. It is the most
developed economically continent with the European
Union as the biggest economic and political union in
the world.
AUSTRALIA includes 14 countries. It is the least
populated continent after Antarctica, only 0.2% of
the total Earth population live here.

7. Oceans
The large water bodies on the Earth are known as oceans.
Oceans and their features are

8. LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES
Cartographers and geographers trace
horizontal and vertical lines called
latitudes and longitudes across
Earth's surface to locate points on the
globe.
LATITUDES : The angular distance of a
place north or south of the earth's
equator, or of the equator of a
celestial object, usually expressed in
degrees and minutes. For e.g. "at a
latitude of 51° N"
LONGITUDES: The angular distance of
a place east or west of the Greenwich
meridian, or west of the standard
meridian of a celestial object, usually
expressed in degrees and minutes.
For E.g. "at a longitude of 2° W"

9. Parallels of Latitudes
The line that passes horizontally through the middle of the earth is
called the Equator. It divides the earth into two equal halves or
hemispheres Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere it is
also called 0° latitude.
The lines that run parallel to each other and the equator are known
as parallels of latitude.
The four important parallels of
latitude besides the Equator are:
 Tropic of Cancer at 23 ½° N in
the northern hemisphere.
 Tropic of Capricorn at 23 ½° S in
the southern hemisphere.
 Arctic circle at 66 ½° north of
the Equator, and
 Antarctic circle at 66 ½° South
of the Equator.

10. Meridians of Longitude
Why longitudes are called meridians?
Longitudes are known as meridians because in Geographical sense, meridians are
great circles which are not parallel to each other but intersect each other at the
North and the South Poles. Same stands true of the longitudes. All longitudes are
great circles which meet at the Poles.