This document summarizes research on the static and dynamic analysis of hyperbolic cooling towers. It describes two existing cooling towers at the Bellary Thermal Power Station that are used as case studies. Static analysis was performed using shell elements to analyze stress concentration from self-weight. Dynamic analysis considered seismic loads from 0.5g to 0.7g ground acceleration, and wind loads calculated according to Indian standards. Results from the finite element analysis using ANSYS included maximum stresses, strains, deflections and buckling behavior for the towers under various load combinations and shell thicknesses.
Finite element analysis of hyperbolic coolingsagmech24
Natural draught cooling towers are widely used in modern thermal and nuclear power plants. Because of their shear size and susceptibility to horizontal stresses, these towers with very thin shell thickness are unique constructions. The boundary conditions should be regarded as free at the top and fixed at the bottom. The cooling tower's material characteristics include a young modulus of 31GPa and a Poisson Ratio of 0.15. Finite Element Analysis was used to analyse these cooling towers for seismic and wind stresses. Wind loads on these cooling towers have been estimated in the form of pressures using the design wind pressure coefficients as supplied in IS: 11504-1985 code together with the design wind pressures at different levels as specified in IS: 875 (Part 3) - 1987 code. Ansys 18.2 was used to conduct the analysis. The study yields maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress.
This document discusses the static and dynamic analysis of hyperbolic cooling towers. It begins by introducing natural draught cooling towers and their importance in power plants. Two existing cooling towers at Bellary thermal power station are identified for case study, with heights of 143.5m and 175.5m. Ten objectives for the study are outlined, involving linear static analysis, free vibration analysis, earthquake and wind load analysis, and comparison of results between the two towers. Literature on previous studies of cooling tower response to loads is reviewed. The analysis will be carried out using finite element software to determine stresses, deflections, and natural frequencies under various loads.
Comparative Study on NDCT with Different Shell Supporting StructuresIJTET Journal
Natural draft cooling towers are very essential in modern days in thermal and nuclear power stations. These are the hyperbolic shells of revolution in form and are supported on inclined columns. Several types of shell supporting structures such as A,V,X,Y are being used for construction of NDCT’s. Wind loading on NDCT governs critical cases and requires attention. In this paper a comparative study on reinforcement details has been done on NDCT’s with X and Y shell supporting structures. For this purpose 166m cooling tower with X and Y supporting structures being analyzed and design for wind (BS & IS code methods), seismic loads using SAP2000.
This document summarizes a study comparing the design of an industrial building using a pre-engineered building (PEB) concept versus a conventional steel building (CSB) concept. The building was designed for both concepts using structural analysis software, with wind loads as the critical design factor. The results showed that PEBs are advantageous over CSBs due to the ability of PEBs to use optimally tapered sections tailored for bending moment requirements, saving on excess steel and reducing costs compared to the standard sections used in CSBs.
Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC Multis...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of friction dampers on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete multi-storey buildings. Finite element models of G+3 and G+7 buildings with and without friction dampers were analyzed using static and dynamic seismic analysis methods. Results show that buildings with friction dampers experienced reduced base shear, lateral displacement, and inter-storey drift compared to identical buildings without dampers. The dampers effectively absorbed and dissipated seismic energy, improving the seismic response and reducing structural demand on the buildings.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a study on the non-linear analysis of a 115m tall reinforced concrete chimney in Turkey that collapsed during an earthquake. The study aims to determine the chimney's displacement and ductility demands through non-linear dynamic analysis using SAP 2000 software. A 3D model of the chimney was created in SAP 2000 based on its design specifications. Time history analysis was performed using ground motion records from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Additionally, 3D pushover analysis was conducted to compare results with the dynamic analysis and evaluate the chimney's inelastic behavior under increasing lateral loads.
Finite element analysis of hyperbolic coolingsagmech24
Natural draught cooling towers are widely used in modern thermal and nuclear power plants. Because of their shear size and susceptibility to horizontal stresses, these towers with very thin shell thickness are unique constructions. The boundary conditions should be regarded as free at the top and fixed at the bottom. The cooling tower's material characteristics include a young modulus of 31GPa and a Poisson Ratio of 0.15. Finite Element Analysis was used to analyse these cooling towers for seismic and wind stresses. Wind loads on these cooling towers have been estimated in the form of pressures using the design wind pressure coefficients as supplied in IS: 11504-1985 code together with the design wind pressures at different levels as specified in IS: 875 (Part 3) - 1987 code. Ansys 18.2 was used to conduct the analysis. The study yields maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress.
This document discusses the static and dynamic analysis of hyperbolic cooling towers. It begins by introducing natural draught cooling towers and their importance in power plants. Two existing cooling towers at Bellary thermal power station are identified for case study, with heights of 143.5m and 175.5m. Ten objectives for the study are outlined, involving linear static analysis, free vibration analysis, earthquake and wind load analysis, and comparison of results between the two towers. Literature on previous studies of cooling tower response to loads is reviewed. The analysis will be carried out using finite element software to determine stresses, deflections, and natural frequencies under various loads.
Comparative Study on NDCT with Different Shell Supporting StructuresIJTET Journal
Natural draft cooling towers are very essential in modern days in thermal and nuclear power stations. These are the hyperbolic shells of revolution in form and are supported on inclined columns. Several types of shell supporting structures such as A,V,X,Y are being used for construction of NDCT’s. Wind loading on NDCT governs critical cases and requires attention. In this paper a comparative study on reinforcement details has been done on NDCT’s with X and Y shell supporting structures. For this purpose 166m cooling tower with X and Y supporting structures being analyzed and design for wind (BS & IS code methods), seismic loads using SAP2000.
This document summarizes a study comparing the design of an industrial building using a pre-engineered building (PEB) concept versus a conventional steel building (CSB) concept. The building was designed for both concepts using structural analysis software, with wind loads as the critical design factor. The results showed that PEBs are advantageous over CSBs due to the ability of PEBs to use optimally tapered sections tailored for bending moment requirements, saving on excess steel and reducing costs compared to the standard sections used in CSBs.
Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC Multis...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of friction dampers on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete multi-storey buildings. Finite element models of G+3 and G+7 buildings with and without friction dampers were analyzed using static and dynamic seismic analysis methods. Results show that buildings with friction dampers experienced reduced base shear, lateral displacement, and inter-storey drift compared to identical buildings without dampers. The dampers effectively absorbed and dissipated seismic energy, improving the seismic response and reducing structural demand on the buildings.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a study on the non-linear analysis of a 115m tall reinforced concrete chimney in Turkey that collapsed during an earthquake. The study aims to determine the chimney's displacement and ductility demands through non-linear dynamic analysis using SAP 2000 software. A 3D model of the chimney was created in SAP 2000 based on its design specifications. Time history analysis was performed using ground motion records from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Additionally, 3D pushover analysis was conducted to compare results with the dynamic analysis and evaluate the chimney's inelastic behavior under increasing lateral loads.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building using Steel Braced FramesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems. The building was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Time history analysis was performed to evaluate storey drift, displacement, fundamental period, and stiffness for the building with X, V, inverted V bracing and without bracing. The results showed that braced buildings performed better during seismic activity than unbraced. Among the braced systems, X bracing was most effective at reducing responses like storey drift during earthquakes.
IRJET- Analysis of Irregular RCC Framed Structure for Fundamental Natural...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the fundamental natural period of irregular reinforced concrete framed structures. It compares estimates of fundamental period from existing code equations, Rayleigh's method, and computer analysis.
2) Models of structures with various irregularities - including setbacks, mass irregularity, soft story, and reentrant corners - are analyzed. Existing code Equation 4 is found to provide the most conservative estimate of fundamental period for structures under 35m, followed by Equation 1.
3) In general, regular structures tend to have longer fundamental periods than irregular structures. Accurately estimating fundamental period is important for seismic analysis of irregular structures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Parametric Study for Wind Design of Vertical Pressure Vessel as per Indian St...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Wind Analysis and Design of G+11 Storied Building using STAAD-ProIRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing wind loads on a G+11 storied reinforced concrete building using STAAD-Pro software. A 3D model of the building was created in STAAD-Pro based on specified dimensions and material properties. Wind loads were estimated according to Indian code IS 875 (Part 3)-1987, taking into account basic wind speed, zone factor, and height factor. Static analysis was performed considering dead load, live load, and wind load. Results found that deflection and forces increased with height and were highest under wind load in the x-direction. The study concluded wind loads are more critical for tall structures and designs should consider loads in both directions to determine critical forces.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL TOWER BY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING RESPONSE S...Ijripublishers Ijri
This Project Named As “Analysis And Design Of Residential Tower (2basemetns+Stilt+31 Upper Floors)By Dynamic Analysis
Using Response Spectrum Method” Involves The Analysis And Design Of Residential Tower 3-D Frames Of Uniform
Floor heights for typical floors using very popular software tool ETABS 9.7.2.
The main thesis of this Project is to achieve the following:
1).To arrive at minimum number of modes required to get modal mass participating ratio more than 90% by dynamic
analysis using Response Spectrum Method.
2). To limit the lateral deflection at the top of the tower less than H/250(Where H = Height of the tower till terrace) for
seismic load.
3). To limit the Inter Storey Deflection(Storey Drift) in any storey due to the minimum specified design lateral force,
with factor of 1.0 less than 0.004 times the storey height.
Evaluation of Structural Implication of Incorporating Base Isolator as Earthq...IOSR Journals
Introduction of the flexible element at the base of a structure and at the same time ensuring
damping is probably the best option for the seismic isolation technique. The device that meets such criteria is
known as isolator. In this study incorporation of such base isolator in buildings has been investigated. A study
was done considering different building with different plan to justify the applicability of base isolation. The
characteristics and performance effect of a building with and without base isolator system were compared.
Study shows the applicability of base isolator to the range up to buildings of 30m-40m height. The installation
of isolator in building considerably increases the time period of building, which means it reduces the possibility
of resonance of the structure. Provision of isolator in building often increases the total cost, but reinforcement
requirement and construction material cost is reduced due to isolator. So, isolator may be incorporated at the
bottom of the building to exploit economic and structurally safe alternative
Seismic Performance of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures with and Without...ijtsrd
Passive energy dissipation have been used so far to dissipate the unwanted energy due to earthquake and heavy wind actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquakes may be avoided with the use of such devices. The study is concerned with the use of accordion metallic dampers that uses hysteretic energy to dissipate the unwanted energy due to earthquake. It consists of corrugated thin wall tubes installed as a brace connection in the frame. The axial deformation of the accordion damper enhances the lateral buckling capacity and results in maximum reduction of the damaging measures. The study emphasizes the use of such dampers and in depth analysis is performed by subjecting the building to base excitations in order to assess the nonlinear performance of the dampers installed in the building Rahul Tahilyani | Dilip Budhlani ""Seismic Performance of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures with and Without Viscous Dampers"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30122.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30122/seismic-performance-of-reinforced-cement-concrete-structures-with-and-without-viscous-dampers/rahul-tahilyani
This document summarizes an experimental study that analyzed the performance of small wind turbine blades with and without winglet additions. The study found that blades with winglets attached increased output power by 2.01% and reduced noise levels by 25% compared to blades without winglets. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and noise analysis were used to simulate and compare blade performance. Testing of actual blade designs confirmed the CFD results, showing improved efficiency and reduced noise from blades with winglet additions at the tips.
Modeling and performance evaluation of energy efficient buildings envelope us...Editor IJMTER
In the present study, the extended concept of exergy analysis has been applied to a building located in
New Delhi with a volume of 60 m3 and having a single-glazed window on the south facing wall .With this study
thermal energy and thermal exergy flow were investigated to calculate the total thermal energy and exergy in
and out from the building. This allows performing a complex exergy analysis of the building in both heating
and cooling cases. The calculations were carried out by using the developed mathematical model of building
and measured solar radiation data on horizontal and vertical wall surface. The thermal energy and thermal
exergy flows for a space of a typical residential building of natural ventilation system with different parametric
changes (i.e. wall thickness, roof thickness, window material properties, window dimensions, wall material
thermal conductivity ) have been modelled and compared from the reference case .
Criticality of Gust Pressures on the Members of Self Standing TowersIDES Editor
Tall latticed steel towers are being pursued for the
purpose of microwave transmission, T.V. transmission etc.
Antennas are fixed at the top of the tower for transmission.
The height of the towers may range from 50m to 250m. The
structural form consists of latticed steel work, suitable bracing
and suitable foundation for the tower legs. Usually bolted
connections are provided for the joints. Mainly dead and wind
loads are considered for the design of such towers. The I.S.
Code [8] has given recommendations for force coefficients to
be adopted while estimating the wind force. The force
coefficient depends on the solidity ratio. The design wind
pressure is multiplied by the effective frontal area and the
force coefficient to arrive at the wind force. The code is silent
on the method to be followed to determine the design wind
pressure. The latticed steel towers which have lesser self
weight relative to the height are highly flexible in nature and
under the action of the fluctuating wind the towers vibrate
and undergo large deflections or deformations. Hence the
study of wind-structure dynamic interaction becomes
necessary for accurate assessment of wind effects on towers.
The gust effectiveness factor takes into account the dynamic
properties of the structure, the wind-structure interaction and
then determines the wind loads as equivalent static loads. In
this paper, steel towers of heights ranging from 50m to 250m
are considered for wind load analysis. Wind loads are
determined based on static method as well as gust effectiveness
factor method. The critical gust loads for design are
determined. The variation of wind force with height, geometry
and the dynamic properties of the structure are studied. Based
on the above, important conclusions are drawn. The
conclusions will be useful for safe and rational design of
latticed steel towers.
Review on Natural Draft Hyperbolic Cooling TowersIRJET Journal
1) Natural draft hyperbolic cooling towers are large, thin-shelled concrete structures used in power plants and industries to cool heated water through evaporation. They function by releasing heat to the atmosphere using natural air flow driven by temperature differences.
2) The document reviews research on the structural behavior and design of natural draft cooling towers under wind, seismic, and other loads. Studies have analyzed tower responses, proposed new earthquake-resistant designs, and examined factors like shape optimization, crosswind effects, and vibration due to collapse.
3) Research has found that wind is usually the main load case for design, and that factors like height, curvature, wall thickness, and added stiffening rings influence tower vibrations and stability.
Effects of welding current and arc voltage on fcaw weld bead geometryeSAT Journals
Abstract Flux cored arc welding(FCAW) process is characterized with its high deposition rate and productivity. Control of the operating parameters in FCAW is essential to obtain high production rates and good quality welds. Bead on plate welds were carried out on mild steel plates to study the influence of welding current and arc voltage on weld bead geometry parameters. The weld bead coss-sections were metallographically investigated. The effects of these welding parameters were evaluated by measuring penetration depth, reinforcement height, bead width, wetting angle, electrod deposit area and plate fusion area. The bead cross-section area and the weld shape factor were calculated from the measured results. The effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry have been presented by histograms. Key Words: Flux cored arc welding, arc welding parameters, weld bead geometry, weld shape factor
Stability margin analysis of gas cooled reactor design modelsAlexander Decker
The document describes a study that uses linear regression analysis to analyze the stability margin of three different gas-cooled nuclear reactor design models (GCRD I, GCRD II, GCRD III). Design input data including safety factor and coolant flow rates were collected for each model. Regression equations were obtained relating safety factor to coolant flow rate for each model. Analysis of the regression results found that GCRD III has the highest correlation and lowest error, indicating it promises to be the most stable and safest design.
This document is the Indian Standard code for wind load design of buildings and structures. It provides guidance on determining design wind speeds and pressures. The standard has been revised multiple times, with this version from 1987 making changes to the wind speed map, terrain categories, and coefficients for determining wind loads on buildings and individual structural elements. It aims to ensure structural safety of buildings from wind loads while avoiding overdesign. The standard also recommends instrumentation of tall structures to collect wind data to improve future revisions.
JIMEC Thermal modeling and Simulation of HX Conference PaperAhmed Sohail Izhar
1) The document describes a thermal modeling and simulation of an industrial shell and tube heat exchanger used to cool raw natural gas.
2) A thermal model was developed using the effectiveness-NTU method to determine the required heat transfer area and estimate the tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients.
3) The results of the model showed that a heat transfer area of about 1132 m2 is required to provide a thermal duty of 1.4 MW, with tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients of 950 W/m2K and 495 W/m2K respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a study analyzing electronic chip microchannels using ANSYS software. It presents the background on microchannel cooling technology and prior research. It then describes the numerical model setup in ANSYS, including the microchannel geometry, governing equations, and boundary/flow conditions. Results are shown for temperature contours, velocity vectors, pressure drops, and heat transfer coefficients for different materials and pressure drops. The study found that outlet water temperature was highest for a pressure drop of 30 kPa and when the substrate was silicon. Overall, the document analyzes heat transfer in a microchannel heat sink using computational fluid dynamics software.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Performance of 60 Storey Steel Buildings with...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the performance of 60-storey steel buildings with exoskeleton, framed tube, and conventional structural systems under dynamic loading. Three structural models were created and analyzed using ETABS software. The models were subjected to dynamic earthquake and wind loading based on response spectrum and gust factor methods respectively. Results showed that the exoskeleton system performed best in terms of lowest displacement, drift, and shear values compared to the other systems. The framed tube system also performed better than the conventional system. The exoskeleton system was found to be the stiffest system and most effective in resisting lateral loads from earthquakes and wind.
The document discusses a seminar on studying the behavior of hyperbolic cooling tower shells with pipe openings using a 1:50 scale model subjected to seismic loads. Hyperbolic cooling towers are large reinforced concrete structures that extract heat from water to cool it. The seminar focuses on analyzing a scaled down model of a cooling tower subjected to earthquake loads. Sensors are placed on the model to measure strains and deflections under simulated seismic conditions to understand how the structure responds.
FIRE RESISTANT ANALYSIS OF RC BEAM COLUMN JOINTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses finite element analysis to analyze the fire resistant behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. The study models beam-column joints exposed to fire based on the ISO 834 standard fire curve and analyzes the effects of different exposure conditions (2 sides, 3 sides, or 4 sides exposed). It finds that failure occurs more quickly when more sides of the joint are exposed to fire. The study concludes that the number of exposed sides significantly impacts a structure's ability to withstand fire, and that thermal failure criteria are more important than deflection criteria during a fire.
IRJET- Seismic Performance of Building using Accordion Metallic DamperIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using accordion metallic dampers to improve the seismic performance of buildings. The dampers consist of corrugated thin-walled tubes installed as braces that dissipate energy through hysteretic behavior during earthquakes. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses were used to assess the performance of 7-story rectangular and square frame buildings equipped with the dampers. The results showed that the dampers reduced top story displacement and inter-story drift by 30-40% compared to buildings without dampers. Hysteresis loops of the dampers indicated their energy dissipation capacity. Further optimization of damper locations could provide greater reductions with fewer dampers.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building using Steel Braced FramesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems. The building was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Time history analysis was performed to evaluate storey drift, displacement, fundamental period, and stiffness for the building with X, V, inverted V bracing and without bracing. The results showed that braced buildings performed better during seismic activity than unbraced. Among the braced systems, X bracing was most effective at reducing responses like storey drift during earthquakes.
IRJET- Analysis of Irregular RCC Framed Structure for Fundamental Natural...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the fundamental natural period of irregular reinforced concrete framed structures. It compares estimates of fundamental period from existing code equations, Rayleigh's method, and computer analysis.
2) Models of structures with various irregularities - including setbacks, mass irregularity, soft story, and reentrant corners - are analyzed. Existing code Equation 4 is found to provide the most conservative estimate of fundamental period for structures under 35m, followed by Equation 1.
3) In general, regular structures tend to have longer fundamental periods than irregular structures. Accurately estimating fundamental period is important for seismic analysis of irregular structures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Parametric Study for Wind Design of Vertical Pressure Vessel as per Indian St...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Wind Analysis and Design of G+11 Storied Building using STAAD-ProIRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing wind loads on a G+11 storied reinforced concrete building using STAAD-Pro software. A 3D model of the building was created in STAAD-Pro based on specified dimensions and material properties. Wind loads were estimated according to Indian code IS 875 (Part 3)-1987, taking into account basic wind speed, zone factor, and height factor. Static analysis was performed considering dead load, live load, and wind load. Results found that deflection and forces increased with height and were highest under wind load in the x-direction. The study concluded wind loads are more critical for tall structures and designs should consider loads in both directions to determine critical forces.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL TOWER BY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING RESPONSE S...Ijripublishers Ijri
This Project Named As “Analysis And Design Of Residential Tower (2basemetns+Stilt+31 Upper Floors)By Dynamic Analysis
Using Response Spectrum Method” Involves The Analysis And Design Of Residential Tower 3-D Frames Of Uniform
Floor heights for typical floors using very popular software tool ETABS 9.7.2.
The main thesis of this Project is to achieve the following:
1).To arrive at minimum number of modes required to get modal mass participating ratio more than 90% by dynamic
analysis using Response Spectrum Method.
2). To limit the lateral deflection at the top of the tower less than H/250(Where H = Height of the tower till terrace) for
seismic load.
3). To limit the Inter Storey Deflection(Storey Drift) in any storey due to the minimum specified design lateral force,
with factor of 1.0 less than 0.004 times the storey height.
Evaluation of Structural Implication of Incorporating Base Isolator as Earthq...IOSR Journals
Introduction of the flexible element at the base of a structure and at the same time ensuring
damping is probably the best option for the seismic isolation technique. The device that meets such criteria is
known as isolator. In this study incorporation of such base isolator in buildings has been investigated. A study
was done considering different building with different plan to justify the applicability of base isolation. The
characteristics and performance effect of a building with and without base isolator system were compared.
Study shows the applicability of base isolator to the range up to buildings of 30m-40m height. The installation
of isolator in building considerably increases the time period of building, which means it reduces the possibility
of resonance of the structure. Provision of isolator in building often increases the total cost, but reinforcement
requirement and construction material cost is reduced due to isolator. So, isolator may be incorporated at the
bottom of the building to exploit economic and structurally safe alternative
Seismic Performance of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures with and Without...ijtsrd
Passive energy dissipation have been used so far to dissipate the unwanted energy due to earthquake and heavy wind actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquakes may be avoided with the use of such devices. The study is concerned with the use of accordion metallic dampers that uses hysteretic energy to dissipate the unwanted energy due to earthquake. It consists of corrugated thin wall tubes installed as a brace connection in the frame. The axial deformation of the accordion damper enhances the lateral buckling capacity and results in maximum reduction of the damaging measures. The study emphasizes the use of such dampers and in depth analysis is performed by subjecting the building to base excitations in order to assess the nonlinear performance of the dampers installed in the building Rahul Tahilyani | Dilip Budhlani ""Seismic Performance of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures with and Without Viscous Dampers"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30122.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30122/seismic-performance-of-reinforced-cement-concrete-structures-with-and-without-viscous-dampers/rahul-tahilyani
This document summarizes an experimental study that analyzed the performance of small wind turbine blades with and without winglet additions. The study found that blades with winglets attached increased output power by 2.01% and reduced noise levels by 25% compared to blades without winglets. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and noise analysis were used to simulate and compare blade performance. Testing of actual blade designs confirmed the CFD results, showing improved efficiency and reduced noise from blades with winglet additions at the tips.
Modeling and performance evaluation of energy efficient buildings envelope us...Editor IJMTER
In the present study, the extended concept of exergy analysis has been applied to a building located in
New Delhi with a volume of 60 m3 and having a single-glazed window on the south facing wall .With this study
thermal energy and thermal exergy flow were investigated to calculate the total thermal energy and exergy in
and out from the building. This allows performing a complex exergy analysis of the building in both heating
and cooling cases. The calculations were carried out by using the developed mathematical model of building
and measured solar radiation data on horizontal and vertical wall surface. The thermal energy and thermal
exergy flows for a space of a typical residential building of natural ventilation system with different parametric
changes (i.e. wall thickness, roof thickness, window material properties, window dimensions, wall material
thermal conductivity ) have been modelled and compared from the reference case .
Criticality of Gust Pressures on the Members of Self Standing TowersIDES Editor
Tall latticed steel towers are being pursued for the
purpose of microwave transmission, T.V. transmission etc.
Antennas are fixed at the top of the tower for transmission.
The height of the towers may range from 50m to 250m. The
structural form consists of latticed steel work, suitable bracing
and suitable foundation for the tower legs. Usually bolted
connections are provided for the joints. Mainly dead and wind
loads are considered for the design of such towers. The I.S.
Code [8] has given recommendations for force coefficients to
be adopted while estimating the wind force. The force
coefficient depends on the solidity ratio. The design wind
pressure is multiplied by the effective frontal area and the
force coefficient to arrive at the wind force. The code is silent
on the method to be followed to determine the design wind
pressure. The latticed steel towers which have lesser self
weight relative to the height are highly flexible in nature and
under the action of the fluctuating wind the towers vibrate
and undergo large deflections or deformations. Hence the
study of wind-structure dynamic interaction becomes
necessary for accurate assessment of wind effects on towers.
The gust effectiveness factor takes into account the dynamic
properties of the structure, the wind-structure interaction and
then determines the wind loads as equivalent static loads. In
this paper, steel towers of heights ranging from 50m to 250m
are considered for wind load analysis. Wind loads are
determined based on static method as well as gust effectiveness
factor method. The critical gust loads for design are
determined. The variation of wind force with height, geometry
and the dynamic properties of the structure are studied. Based
on the above, important conclusions are drawn. The
conclusions will be useful for safe and rational design of
latticed steel towers.
Review on Natural Draft Hyperbolic Cooling TowersIRJET Journal
1) Natural draft hyperbolic cooling towers are large, thin-shelled concrete structures used in power plants and industries to cool heated water through evaporation. They function by releasing heat to the atmosphere using natural air flow driven by temperature differences.
2) The document reviews research on the structural behavior and design of natural draft cooling towers under wind, seismic, and other loads. Studies have analyzed tower responses, proposed new earthquake-resistant designs, and examined factors like shape optimization, crosswind effects, and vibration due to collapse.
3) Research has found that wind is usually the main load case for design, and that factors like height, curvature, wall thickness, and added stiffening rings influence tower vibrations and stability.
Effects of welding current and arc voltage on fcaw weld bead geometryeSAT Journals
Abstract Flux cored arc welding(FCAW) process is characterized with its high deposition rate and productivity. Control of the operating parameters in FCAW is essential to obtain high production rates and good quality welds. Bead on plate welds were carried out on mild steel plates to study the influence of welding current and arc voltage on weld bead geometry parameters. The weld bead coss-sections were metallographically investigated. The effects of these welding parameters were evaluated by measuring penetration depth, reinforcement height, bead width, wetting angle, electrod deposit area and plate fusion area. The bead cross-section area and the weld shape factor were calculated from the measured results. The effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry have been presented by histograms. Key Words: Flux cored arc welding, arc welding parameters, weld bead geometry, weld shape factor
Stability margin analysis of gas cooled reactor design modelsAlexander Decker
The document describes a study that uses linear regression analysis to analyze the stability margin of three different gas-cooled nuclear reactor design models (GCRD I, GCRD II, GCRD III). Design input data including safety factor and coolant flow rates were collected for each model. Regression equations were obtained relating safety factor to coolant flow rate for each model. Analysis of the regression results found that GCRD III has the highest correlation and lowest error, indicating it promises to be the most stable and safest design.
This document is the Indian Standard code for wind load design of buildings and structures. It provides guidance on determining design wind speeds and pressures. The standard has been revised multiple times, with this version from 1987 making changes to the wind speed map, terrain categories, and coefficients for determining wind loads on buildings and individual structural elements. It aims to ensure structural safety of buildings from wind loads while avoiding overdesign. The standard also recommends instrumentation of tall structures to collect wind data to improve future revisions.
JIMEC Thermal modeling and Simulation of HX Conference PaperAhmed Sohail Izhar
1) The document describes a thermal modeling and simulation of an industrial shell and tube heat exchanger used to cool raw natural gas.
2) A thermal model was developed using the effectiveness-NTU method to determine the required heat transfer area and estimate the tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients.
3) The results of the model showed that a heat transfer area of about 1132 m2 is required to provide a thermal duty of 1.4 MW, with tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients of 950 W/m2K and 495 W/m2K respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a study analyzing electronic chip microchannels using ANSYS software. It presents the background on microchannel cooling technology and prior research. It then describes the numerical model setup in ANSYS, including the microchannel geometry, governing equations, and boundary/flow conditions. Results are shown for temperature contours, velocity vectors, pressure drops, and heat transfer coefficients for different materials and pressure drops. The study found that outlet water temperature was highest for a pressure drop of 30 kPa and when the substrate was silicon. Overall, the document analyzes heat transfer in a microchannel heat sink using computational fluid dynamics software.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Performance of 60 Storey Steel Buildings with...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the performance of 60-storey steel buildings with exoskeleton, framed tube, and conventional structural systems under dynamic loading. Three structural models were created and analyzed using ETABS software. The models were subjected to dynamic earthquake and wind loading based on response spectrum and gust factor methods respectively. Results showed that the exoskeleton system performed best in terms of lowest displacement, drift, and shear values compared to the other systems. The framed tube system also performed better than the conventional system. The exoskeleton system was found to be the stiffest system and most effective in resisting lateral loads from earthquakes and wind.
The document discusses a seminar on studying the behavior of hyperbolic cooling tower shells with pipe openings using a 1:50 scale model subjected to seismic loads. Hyperbolic cooling towers are large reinforced concrete structures that extract heat from water to cool it. The seminar focuses on analyzing a scaled down model of a cooling tower subjected to earthquake loads. Sensors are placed on the model to measure strains and deflections under simulated seismic conditions to understand how the structure responds.
FIRE RESISTANT ANALYSIS OF RC BEAM COLUMN JOINTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses finite element analysis to analyze the fire resistant behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. The study models beam-column joints exposed to fire based on the ISO 834 standard fire curve and analyzes the effects of different exposure conditions (2 sides, 3 sides, or 4 sides exposed). It finds that failure occurs more quickly when more sides of the joint are exposed to fire. The study concludes that the number of exposed sides significantly impacts a structure's ability to withstand fire, and that thermal failure criteria are more important than deflection criteria during a fire.
IRJET- Seismic Performance of Building using Accordion Metallic DamperIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using accordion metallic dampers to improve the seismic performance of buildings. The dampers consist of corrugated thin-walled tubes installed as braces that dissipate energy through hysteretic behavior during earthquakes. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses were used to assess the performance of 7-story rectangular and square frame buildings equipped with the dampers. The results showed that the dampers reduced top story displacement and inter-story drift by 30-40% compared to buildings without dampers. Hysteresis loops of the dampers indicated their energy dissipation capacity. Further optimization of damper locations could provide greater reductions with fewer dampers.
IRJET- Seismic Performance of Building using Accordion Metallic DamperIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using accordion metallic dampers to improve the seismic performance of buildings. The dampers consist of corrugated thin-walled tubes installed as brace connections in building frames. During earthquakes, the dampers dissipate energy through hysteretic behavior as they undergo axial deformation and lateral buckling. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses were used to evaluate the performance of 7-story rectangular and square frame buildings equipped with the dampers. The results showed that the dampers reduced damaging measures like story drift and top displacement by 30-40% compared to buildings without dampers. Hysteresis loops of the dampers indicated their energy dissipation capacity. Further research is needed to optimize damper locations
This document summarizes a numerical investigation and fatigue life estimation of a conventional diesel engine piston. A finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to determine thermal and stress distributions in the piston under operating loads. The piston geometry was meshed and assigned material properties of an aluminum alloy. Temperature loads from 250°C to 650°C and pressure loads from 1 to 60 bar were applied. The results from the finite element analysis were then used to estimate the fatigue life of the piston according to ASME standards. The analysis determined a fatigue life of 868,587 cycles with a peak stress of 69.8 MPa.
This document summarizes the analysis of a 3B+G+40 story reinforced concrete tall building subjected to wind and earthquake loads according to Indian codes. The building was modeled in 3D using STAAD.Pro software. Dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method was conducted to calculate seismic loads according to IS 1893(Part 1):2002, as the building is over 90m tall and located in seismic zone III. Wind loads were calculated using the gust factor method according to IS 875(Part 3):1987. Safety of the structure against drift, shear, accelerations and displacements was checked against code limits.
Pendulum Dampers for Tall RC Chimney Subjected To WindIJERA Editor
Chimneys are a part of industrial growth in any country. Most current chimney design standards require analysis of dynamic analysis of chimney for earthquake and wind induced loads. Because of variation in dimensions of chimney along its height structural analysis such as wind oscillations have become more critical. If ductility is an important consideration in earthquake resistant design, control of deflection become critical in wind induced vibrations. Pendulum dampers are of the devices to control the deflection. In the present work pendulum dampers of different natural frequencies have been tried. The one which has the largest equivalent logarithmic decrement is found to reduce the response significantly. The response is compared with that of chimney with a tip mass. The paper discusses the dynamic analysis of 150m high RCC chimney subjected to wind. Analysis has been carried out for fixed base case.
Structural Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Dome with Shell System under Vari...ijtsrd
There are many different systems constructing dome structure. Among them, the shell system is the most popular in reinforcement concrete structure in these days. Therefore, it is necessary to know the structural behaviours of it. The objectives of this journal is to study the structural behaviours of the reinforced concrete dome structure with shell system under gravity loading and lateral loading in cyclone wind categories and various seismic zones. Seismic loads are considered from zone 1 to zone 4 based on UBC 1997 .Wind loads are considered from I to V category as cyclone categories. Structural elements of RC dome structure are designed according to Building Code of American Concrete Institute ACI 318 99 . With these member forces obtained from the SAP 2000 analysis, the design for all structural members will be performed according to ACI 318 99. The members of dome structure are designed as an intermediate moment resisting frame. The design of the shell beams is verified by using hand calculations with the output forces under the gravity loading and lateral loading obtained from the SAP2000 analysis. Equivalent static analysis procedure is used in this study. Based on the comparison of analysis results, it can be observed where the maximum deflection occurs along the meridian direction under seismic and wind loading conditions. Then, the axial force of dome structure is significant than any other forces in shell system. From the study of analysis results of both systems, it has been noticed that the bottom ring in shell system is essential to control the forces from the shell area. Khine Zar Aung | Khin Aye Mon | Khin Thanda Htun "Structural Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Dome with Shell System under Various Loading Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27839.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/27839/structural-behaviors-of-reinforced-concrete-dome-with-shell-system-under-various-loading-conditions/khine-zar-aung
FE Analysis of Bolted Connections for Wind Turbine Towers by Yadneshwar S. JoshiYadneshwar Joshi
Analysis of bolted flange plate and friction connections, to assess the potential benefits from implementing them in wind towers.
To investigate the performance of a new friction connection and to compare it with conventional ring-flange connections
Comparative study for strength, ease of erection, man power and material consumption/cost
Analysis and design of high rise building frame using staad proeSAT Journals
Abstract The Aim of present study “Analysis and design of high rise building by staad pro 2008” is to define proper technique for creating Geometry, cross sections for column and beam etc, developing specification and supports conditions, types of Loads and load combinations. In this study a 30- storey high rise structure is analyzed for seismic and wind load combination using staad pro 2008 and comparison is drawn. Keywords: Analysis, Geometry, Structure, Wind load
Parametric Study of Elevated Water Tank with Metallic and Friction DamperIRJET Journal
The document discusses the seismic response of an elevated water tank with metallic and friction dampers through analytical investigation. Various seismic response parameters like base shear, base moment, time period, top staging displacement, and sloshing displacements are evaluated and compared for the tank with and without dampers under different ground motions. Metallic dampers like X-plate dampers and friction dampers are considered. Results show that both dampers are effective in reducing the seismic response of the tank, with metallic dampers providing better reduction in top staging displacement and sloshing displacement compared to friction dampers. The addition of dampers also reduces the time period of the tank.
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
Comparative studies on heat transfer and fluid flow in cored brick and pebble...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The article reports on comparison of transient heat transfer and fluid flow in two different sensible heat storage devices using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The candidate heat storage devices considered were cored brick and pebble bed and air was taken to be the working fluid. Same geometrical, material, porosity and boundary conditions, have been used for both the cored brick and pebble bed heaters, to compare the axial temperature history and pressure drop. The heat storage system comprises alumina, either in form of pebbles of diameter 6.5 mm, packed to a length of 0.455m in a 43mm diameter pipe, or cored brick of 43mm diameter and same length with through holes to have the same porosity (0.48) as that of the former. The conditions at inlet, outlet and lateral surface too have been taken to be same for both the systems. The fluid flow was considered to be incompressible with k-epsilon model to predict turbulence, and the thermo-physical properties of fluid and solid were assumed to remain constant. Simulations carried out for an inlet temperature of 465 K for velocities ranging from 2m/s to 5 m/s revealed that pressure drop in pebble bed to be considerably higher than those in cored brick, while the temperature history exhibited mixed trends.
Keywords: Cored Brick, Pebble Bed and Porosity
Optimisation of earth quake response of tall building by using different fram...eSAT Journals
Abstract In India reinforced concrete structures are mostly used since this is the most convenient & economic system for low-rise buildings. However, for medium to high-rise buildings this type of structure is no longer economic because of increased dead load, less stiffness, span restriction and hazardous formwork. So the Structural engineers are facing the challenge of striving for the most efficient and economical design solution. Also Earthquake engineering should be extended to the design of earthquake sensitive tall buildings. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. In India, many consulting engineers are reluctant to accept the use of composite steel-concrete structure because of its unfamiliarity and complexity in its analysis and design. But literature says that if properly configured, then composite steel-concrete system can provide extremely economical structural systems with high durability, rapid erection and superior seismic performance characteristics. This paper discusses Optimization of Earth quack response of tall building by using different types of framing system over the height of the building . So to optimize the earth quack response, a Ten story Combined model ( R.C.C, Composite and Steel frames) is developed and analyzed by using ETABS ; it proves that the combined model is better option. Key Words: Composite structure, Tall Building and Steel structures
This document provides the code and commentary for IS 875 (Part 3), which establishes wind load provisions for building design in India. It outlines the history and revisions of the standard. The standard aims to ensure structural safety of buildings by establishing minimum wind loads to consider in design. It provides wind speed maps, modification factors for terrain and structure size, force coefficients, and procedures for evaluating dynamic response of flexible structures to wind. The commentary provides context and explanations for various clauses in the code.
Ansys simulation of temperature distribution in plate casting 29983EditorIJAERD
1. The document describes an ANSYS simulation of temperature distribution during aluminum plate casting in a green sand mold. Temperature-dependent properties for aluminum and constant properties for green sand were used.
2. The simulation showed highest temperatures around 973K in the casting part and lowest near the mold walls at 303K. Convergence was achieved and temperature profiles at different points in the casting part over time were presented.
3. The study demonstrated how finite element analysis software like ANSYS can help improve casting quality, reduce development costs, and speed product improvement by predicting temperature variations during solidification.
Piezoelectric Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration System with Peltier Module Energy...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a piezoelectric thermo-acoustic refrigeration system with Peltier module energy regeneration. The system uses acoustic waves generated by a piezoelectric speaker to transport heat across a temperature gradient in an aluminum stack. A Peltier module is used to convert waste heat to electricity. The components, design considerations, DeltaEC model, and theoretical analysis results showing temperature drop are discussed. The system aims to provide efficient refrigeration using thermoacoustic principles without moving parts or hazardous refrigerants.
Study of Wind Loads on Steel Building with and Without Different Braced Syste...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the performance of a 40-story steel building under wind loads using different bracing systems in Tekla Structures software. The building was modeled without bracing and with V-bracing, X-bracing, and chevron bracing. Parameters like natural period, story drift, and displacement were compared. The results showed that the chevron bracing design provided the best structural performance with the shortest natural periods and lowest displacements and drifts. Thus, chevron bracing was the most effective at reducing a building's motion under wind loads compared to the other bracing configurations studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Similar to Static and dynamic analysis of hyperbolic cooling tower (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
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A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
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ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
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Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
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1. INTRODUCTION
Hyperbolic Reinforced concrete cooling towers are effectively used for cooling large
quantities of water in thermal power stations, refineries, atomic power plants, steel plants, air
conditioning and other industrial plants. Cooling towers are subjected to self-weight and dynamic
load such as an earthquake motion and wind effects. In the absence of earthquake loading, wind
constitutes the main loading for the design of natural draught cooling towers. Reinforced concrete
(RC) cooling towers, which comprise of a thin concrete shell of revolution, are common place in
civil engineering infrastructure that is concerned with the generation of electric power. The analysis
of these towers is an interesting and challenging to any structural engineer in view of their size and
shape.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Research works have been reported in the literature on seismic wind load on cooling tower
[1] to [5]. G. Murali, [1] Response of cooling tower to wind load. This paper deals with the study of
two cooling towers of 122m and 200m high above ground level. Meridional forces and bending
moments has been calculated. A. M. El Ansary [2], Optimum shape and design of cooling tower,
study is to develop a numerical tool that is capable of achieving an optimum shape and design of
hyperbolic cooling towers based on coupling non-linear finite element model developed in-house
and a genetic algorithm optimization technique. Shailesh S Angalekar, Dr. A. B. Kulkarni [3],
software package utilized towards a practical application by considering the problem of natural
draught hyperbolic cooling towers. The main interest is to demonstrate that the column supports to
the tower could be replaced by equivalent shell elements so that the software developed could easily
be utilized. Prashanth N, Sayeed sulaiman [4] This paper deals with study of hyperbolic cooling
tower of varying dimensions and RCC shell thickness, for the purpose of comparison an existing
tower is considered, for other models of cooling tower the dimensions and thickness of RCC shell is
varied with respect to reference cooling tower. N.Prabhakar (Technical Manager) [5] The Paper
describes briefly salient structural features and current practices adopted in the structural design of
hyperbolic cooling towers. Cooling towers are undoubtedly exceptional structures which require
special expertise both to design and construct.
2.1 Description of the Geometry of the Towers
Bellary thermal power station (BTPS) is a power generating unit near Kudatini village in
Bellary district, Karnataka state. Two existing cooling towers are considered as case study as shown
in Fig 1 2. BTPS is geographically located at 15º11’58” N latitude and 76º43’23” E longitude.
Details of existing cooling towers
1) The total height of the tower is 143.5 m. The tower has a base, throat and top radii of 55 m, 30.5 m
and 31.85 m respectively, with the throat located 107.75 m above the base. (Unit No- 2 cooling
tower in BTPS)
2) The total height of the tower is 175.5 m. The tower has a base, throat and top radii of 61 m, 34.375
m and 41.00m respectively, with the throat located 131.60 m above the base (Unit No- 3 cooling
tower in BTPS).
The geometry of the Hyperboloid revolution
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……… (3)
In which Ro horizontal radius at any vertical coordinate, Y origin of coordinates being
defined by the center of the tower throat, ao radius of the throat, and b is some characteristic
dimension of the hyperboloid.
Figure 1: Geometry of existing cooling tower (BTPS)
Figure 2: Geometry of existing cooling tower (BTPS)
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CT 1 Existing
CT(Reference)
1 Total height H 143.5m 150.67m 157.85m 165.025m 175.50m
2 Height of throat Hthr 107.75m 113.13m 118.525m 123.91m 131.60m
3 Diameter at top Dt 63.6m 66.78m 69.96m 73.14m 82.00m
Db 110m 115.5m 121.00m 126.50m 122.00m
Dthr 61.0m 64.05m 67.10m 70.150m 68.750m
6 Column Height Hc 9.20m 9.66m 10.12m 10.580m 9.275m
12
Table 1: Geometric Details of Cooling Towers
DESCRIPTION
SYMBOLS
PARAMETRIC VALUES
CT 2 CT 3 CT 4 CT 5
Existing
CT
4 Diameter at
bottom
5 Diameter at
throat level
Table 1 shows geometric details of cooling towers. CT 2, CT3, CT4 are intermediate cooling
SL
NO
towers obtained between two existing cooling towers i.e. CT1 CT5. CT 2, CT 3, CT 4 are obtained
by increasing 5%, 10%, 15% all the dimensions of CT 1, which is considered as reference cooling
tower. Thickness is varied from 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, and 500mm.
2.2 Earthquake Forces
The seismic analysis is carried out for two existing cooling towers (CT 1 CT5) in
accordance with IS: 1893 by modal analysis of the hyperbolic cooling towers, the earthquake
analysis of the shell and for the fill supporting structures (RCC frames) is carried out by response
spectrum method. For the Calculation of the Design Spectrum, the following Factors were
considered as per IS 1893 (part I) 2002 Zone factor: For Zone III = 0.16 Importance factor (I) = 1.75
Response reduction factor (R) = 3.00 Average response acceleration coefficient Sa/g =Soft soil site
condition. The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for 0.5g, 0.6g 0.7g of a structure shall be
determined. Maximum considered Earthquake (MCE) of 2% probability.
2.3 Wind loads
The wind pressures on two existing cooling towers CT 1 CT 5 at a given height [Pz] are
computed as per the stipulations of IS: 875 (part 3)-1987. For computing the design wind pressure at
a given height the basic wind speed (Vb) will be taken as Vb=39 m/s at 9.2m height above mean
ground level. For computing design wind speed (Vz) at a height z, the risk coefficient k1=1.06 will
be considered. For coefficient k2 terrain category 2 as per table 2 IS: 875 (part-3)-1987 will be
considered. The wind direction for design purpose will be the one which would induces worst load
condition. Coefficient k3 will be 1 for the tower under consideration. The wind pressure at a given
height will be computed theoretically in accordance with the IS codal provision given as under
Pz=0.6 Vz2 N/m2. Where Vz =Vb x k1 x k2 x k3 Computation of wind pressure (Pz) along the wind
direction by Gust factor method.
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2.4 Finite Element Modeling
urrent -2014
Due to the complexity of the material properties, t
structure, finite element analysis is adopted. The finite element analysis of the cooling towers has
been carried out using ANSYS V.10. The analysis has been carried out using 8
(SHELL 93). In the present study, only shell portion of the cooling towers has been modeled and
fixity has been assumed at the base.
2.5 ANSYS V.10
ANSYS is a commercial FEM package having capabilities ranging from a simple, linear,
static analysis to a complex, non linear, t
module is applicable to specific problem. Typical ANSYS program includes 3 stages Pre processor,
Solution General Post processor.
2.6 Material Properties for Analysis of CT
Young’s modulus: 31Gpa.
Poisson’s Ratio: 0.15.
Density of RCC: 25 kN/m3.
3.0 TABULATION RESULTS
3.1 Static Analysis
A) Comparison of cooling towers (CT 1, CT 2, CT 3, CT 4, and CT 5) with varying heights and
thicknesses (200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, and 50
B) Comparison between two existing cooling towers (CT 1 CT 5) for different element types (4
noded SHELL 63 8 noded SHELL 93).
Models of Deflection, Maximum principal stress, Max principal strain, von Mises stress strain for
cooling tower 1 for static analysis for 200mm shell thickness
11).
Fig 3: Key points
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the boundary conditions and the tower
8-node shell element
sent transient dynamic analysis. It is available in modules; each
or 500mm).
are shown below ( Refer Fig no: 3 to
Fig 4: Boundary conditions
he ransient
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Fig 5: Element numbers in model Fig 6: Deflection of CT 1 (200mm thickness)
Fig 7: Displacement vector sum Fig 8: Maximum Principal Stress for CT1
Fig 9: Maximum Principal Strain for CT 1 Fig 10: Von Mises Stress for CT 1
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Fig 11: Von Mises Strain for CT 1
Graph 1: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s Height
entation for Maximum principal stress for CT
1, CT 2, CT 3, CT 4, and CT5 for 200mm
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SHELL thickness
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Graph 2: Graphical Representation of Height v/s Element type for various stresses for CT 1
CT5 for different element type for 200mm
3.2 Modal analysis
Modal analysis is carried out for two existing cooling towers i.e. CT 1 CT 5. This method
is used to calculate Natural frequency and mode shapes. The Geometry of the model is created in
ANSYS by using key points. By assigning the loads and boundary conditions to the model and
selecting Modal analysis giving number of modes to extract as 50 frequencie
problem. The results are compiled in general post processor.
Characteristics of cooling tower 1 for 200mm thickness and Mode 1 for
shown below (Refer Fig no: 12 to 15).
Fig 12: Deflection for CT 1
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hical SHELL thickness
Modal analysis are
(Mode 1) Fig 13: Deflection for CT 5 (Mode 1)
frequencies and solve the
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Fig 14: Max Principal Stress for CT 1 Fig 15: Max Principal Stress for CT 5
Table 2: Results of Modal Analysis for CT 1
Thickness
(mm)
Modes Frequency (HZ) Maximum Principal stress (Mpa)
200
1 0.8759 0.885×10-3
5 1.005 0.924×10-3
10 1.087 0.952×10-3
250
1 0.93833 0.964×10-3
5 1.057 0.00143
10 1.132 0.865×10-3
300
1 1.009 0.001048
5 1.085 0.717×10-3
10 1.205 0.001526
350
1 1.058 0.755×10-3
5 1.088 0.679×10-3
10 1.245 0.989×10-3
400
1 1.081 0.718×10-3
5 1.165 0.001194
10 1.31 0.001054
450
1 1.095 0.623×10-3
5 1.249 0.001218
10 1.382 0.001114
500
1 1.10 0.601×10-3
5 1.293 0.791×10-3
10 1.458 0.001167
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Table 3: Results of M
Thickness
(mm)
Modes
200
1
5
10
250
1
5
10
300
1
5
10
350
1
5
10
400
1
5
10
450
1
5
10
500
1
5
10
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Modal Analysis for CT 5
Frequency
Graph 3: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s thickness for CT 1 CT5 in (Mode 1)
18
(HZ)
Maximum Principal
stress (Mpa)
0.8759 0.885×10
1.005 0.924×10
1.087 0.952×10
0.93833 0.964×10
1.057 0.00143
1.132 0.865×10
1.009 0.001048
1.085 0.717×10
1.205 0.001526
1.058 0.755×10
1.088 0.679×10
1.245 0.989×10
1.081 0.718×10
1.165 0.001194
1.31 0.001054
1.095 0.623×10
1.249 0.001218
1.382 0.001114
1.10 0.601×10
1.293 0.791×10
1.458 0.001167
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
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3.3 Response Spectra Analysis: 0.5g, 0.6g 0.7g
19
Response spectrum analysis is carried out for 0.5g, 0.6g 0.7g for two existing cooling
towers i.e. CT 1 CT 5. The Geometry of the model is created in ANSYS by using key points
input material models, shell element make mesh to model in Pre processor. By assigning the loads
boundary conditions to the model and before Spectrum analysis, modal analysis is carried out,
after that select spectrum analysis apply all input data’s such as frequencies, seismic co-efficient,
square root sum of squares (SRSS) method and solve the problem in solution read the results in
General post processor. Models of cooling tower 1 5 for deflection, maximum principal stress are
as shown below. (Refer Fig 16 to 19).
Fig 16: Deflection at 0.5g for CT 1 Fig 17: Max Principal Stress for CT 1 (0.5g)
Fig 18: Deflection at 0.5g for CT 5 Fig 19: Max Principal Stress for CT 5 (0.5g)
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Graph 4: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s thickness between CT 1 CT 5 for 0.5g
Graph 5: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s
Graph 6: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s
3.4 Wind Analysis
Wind analysis is carried out for two existing cooling towers
the model is created in ANSYS by using key points input material models, shell element make
mesh to model in Pre processor. By assigning the loads boundary conditions and input the
Pressures alongside to the model and solve the problem in solution read the results in General p
20
thickness for CT 1(0.5g, 0.6g, 0.7g)
thickness for CT 5 (0.5g, 0.6g, 0.7g)
i.e. CT 1 CT 5. Geometry of
post
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processor. Models of CT 1 CT 5 for Deflection, Maximum principal stress are shown below
(Refer Fig no 20 to 25).
21
Fig 20: Wind Pressure applied for CT 1 Fig 21: Deflection for CT 1
Fig 22: Max Principal Stress for CT 1 Fig 23: Deflection at Top for CT 1
Fig 24: Deflection for CT 5 Fig 25: Max Principal Stress for CT 5
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Graph 7: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s
3.5 Buckling Analysis
Buckling Analysis is carried out for two existing cooling towers (CT 1 CT 5) due to its self
weight varying thicknesses. Eigen buckling analysis is a technique used to determine buckling
loads (critical loads at which a s
characteristic shape associated with a structure’s buckled response).
Fig 27: Deflection for CT 1
(Buckling mo
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thickness for CT 1 CT 5 for wind ana
structure becomes unstable) and buckled mode shapes (the
tion Fig 28: Deflection for CT 5
mode 1) for 200mm SHELL thickness
analysis
tructure
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Graph 8: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s thickness for CT 1 CT 5 for
buckling mode 1
Graph 9: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s thickness for CT 1 for static, modal,
spectrum, buckling analysis
Graph 10: Graphical Representation of Stress v/s thickness for CT 5 for static, modal,
spectrum, buckling analysis
24
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4.0 CONCLUSIONS
1) On comparing all cooling towers (i.e. CT 1, CT 2, CT 3, CT 4, CT 5) in static analysis (self
weight of tower), CT 3 CT 4 shows least maximum principal stress among all cooling
towers and prove to be the optimum cooling towers for shell thickness of 200mm.( Refer
graph 1).
2) The Maximum principal stress for two existing cooling towers (CT 1 CT 5) shows higher
value on using 4 noded SHELL 63 element as compared to 8 noded SHELL 93 element.
(Refer graph 2).
3) In free vibration analysis for both existing cooling towers.
a) As thickness of shell increases, stress goes on increasing for CT 1 at TOP region in mode 1.
b) As thickness of shell increases, stress gradually decreases from throat to bottom region for
CT 5 in and TOP remains minimum.(Refer graph 3)
4) In Modal analysis, On comparing CT 1 CT 5 cooling towers, CT 5 shows less maximum
principal stress with increasing thickness in mode 1 and stress shifts from throat to bottom
region.
5) In Modal analysis, the natural frequencies for CT 1 are more as compared to CT 5 with
increasing thickness in selected modes i.e. Mode1, Mode 5 and Mode 10. (Refer table 2).
6) In Response spectrum analysis for 0.5g, 0.6g, 0.7g ground acceleration.
a) The variation of Maximum Principal Stress for CT 1 of 200mm and 250mm thicknesses are
minimum and maximum respectively whereas, CT 5 behaves conversely. (Refer graph 4).
b) The variation of Maximum Principal Stress for CT 1 of 300mm, 350mm thicknesses are
maximum minimum respectively whereas, CT 5 behaves conversely. (Refer graph 4).
7) In Response spectrum analysis maximum principal stress for CT 1 CT 5 are same for
400mm thickness and shows optimality. (Refer graph 4).
8) In wind analysis, as thickness increases, deflection maximum principal stress decreases for
both existing cooling towers CT 1 CT 5. (Refer graph 7).
9) In wind analysis, the degree of distortion increases with height of tower, hence deflection is
maximum in CT 5.
10) In Buckling analysis, the buckling of CT 1 is maximum as compared to CT 5, CT 5 shows less
buckling due to its size, symmetric geometry of shell for increasing thickness. (Refer Fig 27
28).
11) In Dynamic analysis, wind loads are dominating as compared to earthquake forces in zone III.
12) On Comparing CT 1 CT 5, CT 5 gives optimum results for all analysis and is best suited
cooling tower. (Refer graph 9 10).
5.0 REFERENCES
[1] G. Murali, C. M. Vivek Vardhan and B. V. Prasanth Kumar Reddy “RESPONSE OF
COOLING TOWERS TO WIND LOADS”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, VOL. 7, NO. 1, JANUARY 2012 ISSN 1819-6608
[2] A. M. El Ansary, A. A. El Damatty, and A. O. Nassef, “Optimum Shape and Design of
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