2. Transitive and Intransitive verbs
• Sentence structures such as ドアを開けます、
電気をつけます、ビールを売ります are
ones that you are used to until now. These
are called ‘TRANSITIVE verbs’
• That means that you need a direct object
(marked by を)
• Sentence structures such as ドアが開きます、
電気がつきます、ビールが売れます are
called ‘INTRANSITVE verbs’ which
doesn’t require direct object.
• Subject can be taking up the action.
3. Transitive and Intransitive verbs
• These verb pairs can be similar to passive
form in translation.
• 電気をつけます。
• 電気がつきます。
• ビールを売ります。
• ビールが売れます。
4. Transitive and Intransitive verbs
• There are 3 types of verbs.
• Absolute intransitive verbs
• 行く、来る、働く、死ぬ、泣く、座る、ある、
いる etc
• Absolute transitive verbs
• 飲む、食べる、読む、作る、買う、あげる、
もらう、殺す etc
• The rest have both transitive and
intransitive pairs
7. ています
• When te-form of intransitive verbs are used with
います、it shows the consequences remains
• コンピューターがこわれています。
• カーテンがかかっています。
• ペンがおちています。
• でんきがついています。
• まどがわれています。
• みちがこんでいます。
• けさ、みちがこんでいました。
• You can use
the past
tense.
12. しまう
• When しまう is used in the past tense, しまう is to indicate that
something has been done and is completely finished.
• It means to finish doing something, ended up in, have done
something or finish something up.
• ケーキを食べてしまいました。
• It is depending on the situation if something is simply finished,
have done something or you did something you shouldn’t have
done or you regret or criticism about someone’s action or
about something that has happened. The result may be
brought as a result of being out of control.
• When しまう is used in the present or future tense, it indicates
that the speaker will complete an action in the future.
• あしたまでに、宿題をしてしまいます。
• てform ＋ add しまいます、しまいました
• add しまう、しまった
Emphasise the completion of
action and implies the result
13. しまう
• 弟(おとうと)はジュースを飲んでしまいました。
• My younger brother drank up all his juice. (criticism,
simple the juice is gone)
• きのう、この本を読んでしまった。
• I regrettably finished reading the book yesterday.
(have finished, or slight regret that has finished and
wished to continue reading because it was interesting)
• 家に宿題(しゅくだい)を忘(わす)れてしまいました。
• I forgot all about the homework and left it at home
regrettably. (regret)
Add the speaker’s feeling of regret or
embarrassment. Not just stating the fact.
14. しまう
• NBしまう can be contracted as ちゃう、ちゃった、
じゃう、じゃった in casual speech.
• バスが行っちゃう。
• The bus is about to go! (the bus will have gone
if we don’t hurry – you will regret if it did)
• そんなに走(はし)ると転(ころ)んじゃうよ。
• If you run that fast, you will fall over! (you
will end up falling over if you not careful and
you won’t like the result)
