شرائح توضيحيَّـة لمادة الفيزياء للصف العاشر الفصل الأول ، تبعاً للمنهاج الأردني 2008 م
من عمل الطالب المميز عبد الناصر جمال القوقا و بتوجيهات بسيطة منِّـي ...
أنشُرُها هنا لتعُـمَّ الفائدة للجميع ... متمنياً أن يجعل اللهُ فيها فائدةً لطلابنا على مرِّ السنين...
This document discusses reflection of light and images formed by flat mirrors. It distinguishes between specular and diffuse reflection, with specular occurring from smooth surfaces and diffuse from rough surfaces. The law of reflection is explained, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Real images are formed when light rays converge at the image point, while virtual images appear to come from the point but do not involve light ray convergence.
This document discusses key concepts regarding image formation by spherical mirrors, including:
1) Definitions of terms like radius of curvature, focal length, and center of curvature.
2) The rules of reflection for curved mirrors, including that light rays parallel to the principal axis pass through the focal point.
3) How the position of the object determines the location and characteristics of the real or virtual image formed by concave and convex mirrors, such as whether images are upright or inverted and magnified or diminished.
This document discusses the phenomenon of reflection of light. It defines regular and irregular reflection and explains that when light travels from one medium to another, some of it reflects at the surface. The key points made are:
1) Reflection occurs when light strikes an opaque surface and bounces back in the same medium.
2) Regular reflection follows the laws where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident, reflected, and normal rays all lie in the same plane.
3) Terms like incident ray, reflected ray, point of incidence, and normal ray are defined in relation to the angle of reflection.
شرائح توضيحيَّـة لمادة الفيزياء للصف العاشر الفصل الأول ، تبعاً للمنهاج الأردني 2008 م
من عمل الطالب المميز عبد الناصر جمال القوقا و بتوجيهات بسيطة منِّـي ...
أنشُرُها هنا لتعُـمَّ الفائدة للجميع ... متمنياً أن يجعل اللهُ فيها فائدةً لطلابنا على مرِّ السنين...
This document discusses reflection of light and images formed by flat mirrors. It distinguishes between specular and diffuse reflection, with specular occurring from smooth surfaces and diffuse from rough surfaces. The law of reflection is explained, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Real images are formed when light rays converge at the image point, while virtual images appear to come from the point but do not involve light ray convergence.
This document discusses key concepts regarding image formation by spherical mirrors, including:
1) Definitions of terms like radius of curvature, focal length, and center of curvature.
2) The rules of reflection for curved mirrors, including that light rays parallel to the principal axis pass through the focal point.
3) How the position of the object determines the location and characteristics of the real or virtual image formed by concave and convex mirrors, such as whether images are upright or inverted and magnified or diminished.
This document discusses the phenomenon of reflection of light. It defines regular and irregular reflection and explains that when light travels from one medium to another, some of it reflects at the surface. The key points made are:
1) Reflection occurs when light strikes an opaque surface and bounces back in the same medium.
2) Regular reflection follows the laws where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident, reflected, and normal rays all lie in the same plane.
3) Terms like incident ray, reflected ray, point of incidence, and normal ray are defined in relation to the angle of reflection.
The document summarizes the cyclotron, which accelerates charged particles. It describes how the cyclotron works using magnetic and electric fields to accelerate particles in a spiral path between two "dees". As the particles' velocity and radius increase with each turn, their kinetic energy also increases. However, the cyclotron cannot accelerate electrons or neutrons due to their small mass and lack of charge, respectively. The maximum energy particles attain depends on the radius of the dees. Cyclotrons are still used to produce high-energy particles for nuclear physics experiments requiring high-energy collisions.
The document discusses the formation of images in plane mirrors. It states that the position of an image formed in a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. The distance between the image and mirror is equal to the distance between the object and mirror. Additionally, the image has the same size as the object but is laterally inverted and virtual.
Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces at defined angles, while diffuse reflection scatters light in many directions from rough surfaces. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A flat mirror produces virtual images through reflection, where the image is reversed from the object.
1) Light behaves both as a wave and particle. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, diffraction etc. which were explained by wave theory.
2) Reflection of light follows the laws - the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in the same plane. Reflection can be regular from smooth surfaces or diffuse from rough surfaces.
3) Spherical mirrors are either concave or convex. Concave mirrors converge parallel rays to a focal point, while convex mirrors diverge them from a focal point behind the mirror. Images formed depend on the position of the object.
The document discusses fundamentals of light, including:
1) Light comes from sources like the sun, light bulbs, and other luminous sources that emit light directly, while non-luminous sources like the moon reflect light and appear illuminated.
2) The amount of light emitted from a source is called luminous flux, while the amount of light falling on a surface is called illuminance, which follows an inverse-square relationship with distance from the light source.
3) Models like the ray model of light describe light traveling in straight lines from sources, and can be used to calculate illuminance on surfaces from point light sources.
The document discusses the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, which was the first continuous laser invented by Javan et al. in 1961. It operates at a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. The He-Ne laser consists of a glass tube containing a mixture of helium and neon gases that is excited by an electrical discharge. When an excited helium atom collides with a neon atom, the neon atom becomes excited and subsequently decays, emitting a photon that stimulates further photon emissions to generate the laser beam. He-Ne lasers have various applications including reading barcodes and producing holograms.
Parallel and perspective projection in 3 d cgShaishavShah8
This document discusses parallel and perspective projections in 3D computer graphics. It defines projection as mapping a 3D object onto a 2D view plane using projection lines. There are two main types of projection: parallel projection, where lines are parallel; and perspective projection, where lines converge at a vanishing point. Perspective projection creates a smaller image but is more realistic. The document describes one, two, and three-point perspective projections and provides examples of each. It concludes that advances in computer graphics allow for more complex projections than when early sci-fi films were made.
radioactivity is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously. This is done by an atomic nucleus that, for some reason, is unstable; it "wants" to give up some energy in order to shift to a more stable configuration.
The document discusses the reflection of light, including:
1) Luminous objects generate their own light, while illuminated objects reflect light from other sources.
2) The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
3) Plane mirrors form virtual images that appear to be located behind the mirror and are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
This document discusses the reflection of light at plane and curved surfaces. It covers the laws of reflection, the formation of images in plane mirrors, reflection using inclined and curved mirrors, and mirror formulas. The two laws of reflection are that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane, and that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Images in plane mirrors are virtual, upright, and laterally inverted with the same size and distance behind the mirror as the object is in front. Reflection by curved mirrors depends on whether the mirror is convex or concave, with concave mirrors forming real images and convex mirrors forming virtual images.
Consider a glass with a hollow sphere and a reflecting surface. This reflecting hollow surface of sphere of which either sides are polished, forms the spherical mirrors. Spherical Mirrors are of two types: (a) Concave Mirror Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-ray-optics/reflection-of-light-by-spherical-mirrors/
When light hits a surface, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. Reflection is when the light ray bounces back from the surface, such as from a mirror. The law of reflection states that the angle at which the light hits the surface, called the angle of incidence, is equal to the angle at which it bounces off, called the angle of reflection. When light hits a surface perpendicular, or at a 90 degree angle, the light ray will reflect back along the same path it came, with both angles equal to zero.
Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles. Light diffracts through small openings more noticeably than larger openings, producing interference patterns of bright and dark fringes. A double slit experiment demonstrates diffraction through two slits, with light and dark fringes appearing from constructive and destructive interference. Diffraction gratings split light into multiple beams like how light spreads on a CD. Diffraction is used in microscopes and telescopes to resolve images by separating blurred images into distinct ones.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de iluminación utilizados en fotografía, incluyendo luz natural, artificial, lateral, frontal, cenital, contraluz, semidifusa, dura, suave, y nadir/contrapicado. Explica cómo cada tipo de iluminación afecta la apariencia de los objetos fotografiados y se usa para lograr diferentes efectos visuales.
The classic double slit experiment performed by Thomas Young in 1801 demonstrated that light behaves as waves. In the experiment, a monochromatic light was shone through two slits and onto a screen. If light consisted of particles, two distinct lines would appear on the screen. However, when performed, an interference pattern of bright and dark bands was observed, indicating the wave-like nature of light. The experiment provided evidence that light exhibits properties of waves, including diffraction and interference, and helped establish light as an electromagnetic wave.
This document provides information about ray diagrams and image formation using spherical mirrors. It discusses the key terms including principal axis, focus, center of curvature and explains how to use ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size and type of images formed by concave and convex mirrors in different configurations. Five cases of image formation using a concave mirror and one case using a convex mirror are described through diagrams and explanations of how the light rays behave. The document also includes examples for readers to practice locating and describing images.
AndroInk vector graphics editor with Inkscape for Androidofficeonlinesystems
AndroInk is a vector graphics editor for Android with Inkscape that allows design professionals and principiants to create a wide variety of graphics such as illustrations, icons, logos, diagrams, maps and web graphics. It contains two main modules:
A) The vector graphics editor module, which provides the following functionality:
- Drawing tools with a pencil, pen tool and calligraphy tool.
- Shape tools to create rectangles, ellipses, stars/polygons, spirals.
- Text tool.
- Tool to create patterns and arrangements of clones.
- Transformations like moving, scaling, rotating, skewing.
- Grouping objects.
- Multilayer support.Color selector (RGB, HSL, CMYK, color wheel, CMS)
- Color picker tool.
- Copy/paste style.
- Pattern fills.
- Alpha transparency support for display and PNG export.
- SVG format file generation and editing
- PNG, OpenDocument Drawing, DXF, sk1, PDF, EPS and PostScript export formats.
A guide about how to use this app can be found at http://www.offidocs.com. But note that the AndroInk app has its own instructions when the image is being edited. It has several buttons for the operations:
- "Write mode", use a finger to modify the image or photo.
- "Move mode", drag your two fingers to move the app and the image with your finger.
- "Zoom In & Out", swipe your two fingers to zoom in or zoom out the app and image.
- "Save the image" -> "Click in File > Overwrite the image opened" to save the image in the server. It will be saved locally when you click in Exit button.
- "KeyBoard", which opens or closes the phone keyboard that allows you to write any text.
- "Exit", which closes the editor view and saves locally the image as it is downloaded from the cloud.
B) The file manager module, which provides the following functionality:
- Home directory when you first load the file manager.
- All operations with files and folders: copy, move, upload, create folder/file, rename, archive, extract, edit, etc.
- Bookmarks over the files or directories.
- View the file or directory properties: name, location, size, date.
- Light and Elegant client UI supporting phones and tablets.
- Grid, List and Icons views available.
- Sort by name, last modified, size or type.
- FTP access integrated.
- Image preview support
- Search for files
- Recent files
- Open Source
The document summarizes the cyclotron, which accelerates charged particles. It describes how the cyclotron works using magnetic and electric fields to accelerate particles in a spiral path between two "dees". As the particles' velocity and radius increase with each turn, their kinetic energy also increases. However, the cyclotron cannot accelerate electrons or neutrons due to their small mass and lack of charge, respectively. The maximum energy particles attain depends on the radius of the dees. Cyclotrons are still used to produce high-energy particles for nuclear physics experiments requiring high-energy collisions.
The document discusses the formation of images in plane mirrors. It states that the position of an image formed in a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. The distance between the image and mirror is equal to the distance between the object and mirror. Additionally, the image has the same size as the object but is laterally inverted and virtual.
Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces at defined angles, while diffuse reflection scatters light in many directions from rough surfaces. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A flat mirror produces virtual images through reflection, where the image is reversed from the object.
1) Light behaves both as a wave and particle. It undergoes various phenomena like reflection, refraction, diffraction etc. which were explained by wave theory.
2) Reflection of light follows the laws - the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in the same plane. Reflection can be regular from smooth surfaces or diffuse from rough surfaces.
3) Spherical mirrors are either concave or convex. Concave mirrors converge parallel rays to a focal point, while convex mirrors diverge them from a focal point behind the mirror. Images formed depend on the position of the object.
The document discusses fundamentals of light, including:
1) Light comes from sources like the sun, light bulbs, and other luminous sources that emit light directly, while non-luminous sources like the moon reflect light and appear illuminated.
2) The amount of light emitted from a source is called luminous flux, while the amount of light falling on a surface is called illuminance, which follows an inverse-square relationship with distance from the light source.
3) Models like the ray model of light describe light traveling in straight lines from sources, and can be used to calculate illuminance on surfaces from point light sources.
The document discusses the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, which was the first continuous laser invented by Javan et al. in 1961. It operates at a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. The He-Ne laser consists of a glass tube containing a mixture of helium and neon gases that is excited by an electrical discharge. When an excited helium atom collides with a neon atom, the neon atom becomes excited and subsequently decays, emitting a photon that stimulates further photon emissions to generate the laser beam. He-Ne lasers have various applications including reading barcodes and producing holograms.
Parallel and perspective projection in 3 d cgShaishavShah8
This document discusses parallel and perspective projections in 3D computer graphics. It defines projection as mapping a 3D object onto a 2D view plane using projection lines. There are two main types of projection: parallel projection, where lines are parallel; and perspective projection, where lines converge at a vanishing point. Perspective projection creates a smaller image but is more realistic. The document describes one, two, and three-point perspective projections and provides examples of each. It concludes that advances in computer graphics allow for more complex projections than when early sci-fi films were made.
radioactivity is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously. This is done by an atomic nucleus that, for some reason, is unstable; it "wants" to give up some energy in order to shift to a more stable configuration.
The document discusses the reflection of light, including:
1) Luminous objects generate their own light, while illuminated objects reflect light from other sources.
2) The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
3) Plane mirrors form virtual images that appear to be located behind the mirror and are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
This document discusses the reflection of light at plane and curved surfaces. It covers the laws of reflection, the formation of images in plane mirrors, reflection using inclined and curved mirrors, and mirror formulas. The two laws of reflection are that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane, and that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Images in plane mirrors are virtual, upright, and laterally inverted with the same size and distance behind the mirror as the object is in front. Reflection by curved mirrors depends on whether the mirror is convex or concave, with concave mirrors forming real images and convex mirrors forming virtual images.
Consider a glass with a hollow sphere and a reflecting surface. This reflecting hollow surface of sphere of which either sides are polished, forms the spherical mirrors. Spherical Mirrors are of two types: (a) Concave Mirror Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-ray-optics/reflection-of-light-by-spherical-mirrors/
When light hits a surface, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. Reflection is when the light ray bounces back from the surface, such as from a mirror. The law of reflection states that the angle at which the light hits the surface, called the angle of incidence, is equal to the angle at which it bounces off, called the angle of reflection. When light hits a surface perpendicular, or at a 90 degree angle, the light ray will reflect back along the same path it came, with both angles equal to zero.
Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles. Light diffracts through small openings more noticeably than larger openings, producing interference patterns of bright and dark fringes. A double slit experiment demonstrates diffraction through two slits, with light and dark fringes appearing from constructive and destructive interference. Diffraction gratings split light into multiple beams like how light spreads on a CD. Diffraction is used in microscopes and telescopes to resolve images by separating blurred images into distinct ones.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de iluminación utilizados en fotografía, incluyendo luz natural, artificial, lateral, frontal, cenital, contraluz, semidifusa, dura, suave, y nadir/contrapicado. Explica cómo cada tipo de iluminación afecta la apariencia de los objetos fotografiados y se usa para lograr diferentes efectos visuales.
The classic double slit experiment performed by Thomas Young in 1801 demonstrated that light behaves as waves. In the experiment, a monochromatic light was shone through two slits and onto a screen. If light consisted of particles, two distinct lines would appear on the screen. However, when performed, an interference pattern of bright and dark bands was observed, indicating the wave-like nature of light. The experiment provided evidence that light exhibits properties of waves, including diffraction and interference, and helped establish light as an electromagnetic wave.
This document provides information about ray diagrams and image formation using spherical mirrors. It discusses the key terms including principal axis, focus, center of curvature and explains how to use ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size and type of images formed by concave and convex mirrors in different configurations. Five cases of image formation using a concave mirror and one case using a convex mirror are described through diagrams and explanations of how the light rays behave. The document also includes examples for readers to practice locating and describing images.
AndroInk vector graphics editor with Inkscape for Androidofficeonlinesystems
AndroInk is a vector graphics editor for Android with Inkscape that allows design professionals and principiants to create a wide variety of graphics such as illustrations, icons, logos, diagrams, maps and web graphics. It contains two main modules:
A) The vector graphics editor module, which provides the following functionality:
- Drawing tools with a pencil, pen tool and calligraphy tool.
- Shape tools to create rectangles, ellipses, stars/polygons, spirals.
- Text tool.
- Tool to create patterns and arrangements of clones.
- Transformations like moving, scaling, rotating, skewing.
- Grouping objects.
- Multilayer support.Color selector (RGB, HSL, CMYK, color wheel, CMS)
- Color picker tool.
- Copy/paste style.
- Pattern fills.
- Alpha transparency support for display and PNG export.
- SVG format file generation and editing
- PNG, OpenDocument Drawing, DXF, sk1, PDF, EPS and PostScript export formats.
A guide about how to use this app can be found at http://www.offidocs.com. But note that the AndroInk app has its own instructions when the image is being edited. It has several buttons for the operations:
- "Write mode", use a finger to modify the image or photo.
- "Move mode", drag your two fingers to move the app and the image with your finger.
- "Zoom In & Out", swipe your two fingers to zoom in or zoom out the app and image.
- "Save the image" -> "Click in File > Overwrite the image opened" to save the image in the server. It will be saved locally when you click in Exit button.
- "KeyBoard", which opens or closes the phone keyboard that allows you to write any text.
- "Exit", which closes the editor view and saves locally the image as it is downloaded from the cloud.
B) The file manager module, which provides the following functionality:
- Home directory when you first load the file manager.
- All operations with files and folders: copy, move, upload, create folder/file, rename, archive, extract, edit, etc.
- Bookmarks over the files or directories.
- View the file or directory properties: name, location, size, date.
- Light and Elegant client UI supporting phones and tablets.
- Grid, List and Icons views available.
- Sort by name, last modified, size or type.
- FTP access integrated.
- Image preview support
- Search for files
- Recent files
- Open Source