Реакции органических веществ

1. Реакции органических
веществ

2. СаССаС22
НН22ОО
ХХ11
HgHg2+2+,H,H22OO
ХХ22 ХХ33 ХХ44
СНСН33СНСН22ОНОН
[H][H] CHCH33COOHCOOH
NaOHNaOH
1)1)CaCCaC22 + 2H+ 2H22OO
2)2)CC22HH22 + H+ H22OO
3)3)CHCH33CHO + HCHO + H22
4)4)CHCH33CH2OH + CCH2OH + CНН33COOHCOOH
5)5)CHCH33COOCCOOC22HH55 + NaOH+ NaOH
Ca(OH)2+C2H
3
CH3-CHO
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3COOC2H5+H2
O
CH3COONa+CH3-CH2-OH
Hg2
Pt

3. этан Хэтан Х11 ХХ22 ХХ33 ХХ44
СНСН33СНОСНО
Pt, tPt, t KMnOKMnO44, H, H22O 2HBr 2KOH,O 2HBr 2KOH, спиртспирт HgHg2+2+
, H, H22OO
1)1)CC22HH66
2)2) CC22HH44+ H+ H22O+ KMnOO+ KMnO44
3)3)CC22HH44(OH)(OH)22+ HBr+ HBr
4)4)CHCH22Br—CHBr—CH22Br + KOHBr + KOH (спирт)(спирт)
5)5)CC22HH22 + H+ H22OO
H2+C2H4 (катализатор - Рt)
CH2Br-CH2Br
2 4
3C2H4(OH)2+2Mn
O2+2KOH2
2
2 C2H2+2KBr+2H2
O
CH3-CHO
Hg2+
, H+

4. этан Хэтан Х11 ХХ22 ХХ33 этилбензолэтилбензол
ХХ44
Pt, t HPt, t H22O, HO, H++
HBr AlClHBr AlCl33
KMnOKMnO44
HH22SOSO44
1)1)CC22HH66
2)2)CC22HH44 + H+ H22OO
3)3)CC22HH55OH + HBrOH + HBr
4)4)CHCH33CHCH22Br + CBr + C66HH66
5)5)5C5C66HH55CHCH22CHCH33 + KMnO+ KMnO44 + H+ H22SOSO44
Pt,tPt,t
HH++
,t,t˚,p˚,p
AlClAlCl33, t, t˚˚
H2+C2H
4
C2H5O
H
CH3-CH2Br
C6H5-CH2-CH3+HBr
12 18
5C6H5COOH+5CO2+12MnSO4+6K2SO4+2
8H2O

5. HH22 HCl AlClHCl AlCl33 [O][O] этанолэтанол
CC22HH22 XX11 XX22 XX33 XX44
этилбензоатэтилбензоат
1)1)СС22HH22 + H+ H22
2)2)CC22HH44 + HCl+ HCl
3)3)CHCH33CHCH22Cl + CCl + C66HH66
4)4) CC66HH55CHCH22CHCH33 + KMnO+ KMnO44+ H+ H22SOSO44
5)5)CC66HH55COOHCOOH + CH+ CH33CHCH22OHOH
AlClAlCl33,t,t˚˚
H2+C2H4 (катализатор - Рt)
C2H5Cl
C6H2+2KBr+2H2O
5 18
5C6H5COOH+5CO2+12MnSO4+6K2SO4+28H2O
C6H5COOC2H5+H2
O

6. CC22HH55Cl XCl X11 XX22 бутадиен-1,3бутадиен-1,3 XX33
XX44
KOH,KOH, спиртспирт 2С2Сll22
4NaOH4NaOH
1)1)CC22HH55Cl + KOHCl + KOH (спирт)(спирт)
2)2)CC22HH44 ++ HH22OO
3)3) CHCH33CHCH22OHOH
4)4)CHCH22=CH—CH=CH=CH—CH=CH22 + Cl+ Cl22
5)5)CHCH22Cl—CHCl—CHCl—CHCl—CHCl—CHCl—CH22Cl + NaOHCl + NaOH
HH++
,t,t˚,p˚,p
кат.кат.
С2H4+KCL+H2O
CH3-CH2OH
CH2=CH-
CH=CH2+2H2O+H2
CH2Cl-CHCl-CHCL-
CH2Cl
CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-
CH2OH+4NACL
2
2
4

7. ацетат натрия Хацетат натрия Х11 СНСН33ССl Xl X22 XX33
XX44
NaOH, tNaOH, t KMnOKMnO44
HH22SOSO44CC22HH55OHOH
ClCl22 светсвет
AlClAlCl33
сплавлениесплавление
1)1)CHCH33COONa + NaOHCOONa + NaOH
2)2)CHCH44 + Cl+ Cl22
3)3)ССHH33Cl + CCl + C66HH66
4)4) CC66HH55CHCH33 + KMnO+ KMnO44 + H+ H22SOSO44
5)5)CC66HH55COOH + CHCOOH + CH33CHCH22OHOH
AlClAlCl33
HH++
CH4+Na2CO
3
CH3Cl+HCl (на свету)
С6H5-CH3+HCl
5C6H5COOH+6MnSO4+3K2SO4+14H2O
C6H5COOC2H5+CH2O
5 6 9

8. кат,кат, t HBr KOH CuO, t [Ag(NHt HBr KOH CuO, t [Ag(NH33))22]OH]OH
CO + HCO + H22 XX11 XX22 XX11 XX44
HCOONHHCOONH44
1)1)COCO22 + H+ H22
2)2)CHCH33OHOH + HBr+ HBr
3)3)CHCH33Br + KOHBr + KOH
4)4)CHCH33OHOH + CuO+ CuO
5)5)HCHO +HCHO + [Ag(NH[Ag(NH33))22OH]OH]
кат.кат.
2
CH3OH
CH3Br+H2O
CH3OH+KBr
HCHO+CU+H2O
HCOONH4+2Ag+H2O+3N
H3

9. CC33HH77CHCH22Cl XCl X11 XX22 XX33 2-хлорбутан2-хлорбутан
XX44
KOH,KOH,спиртспирт HH22O HO H22SOSO44 HClHCl
t=180t=180˚˚CC
NaNa
1)1)CC33HH77CHCH22Cl + KOHCl + KOH ((спирт)спирт)
2)2)CHCH22=CH—C=CH—C22HH55 + H+ H22OO
3)3)CHCH33—CH(OH)—C—CH(OH)—C22HH55
4)4)CHCH33—CH=CH—CH—CH=CH—CH33 + HCl+ HCl
5)5) CHCH33—CH(Cl)—C—CH(Cl)—C22HH55 + Na+ Na
HH22SOSO44,t=180,t=180˚˚CC
CH2=CH-
C2H5+KCl
CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(C2H5)-
CH3+2NaCl
CH3-CH(Cl)-
C2H5
CH3-CH=CH-
CH3+H2O
CH3-CH(OH)-C2H5
2 2

10. KOH,KOH,спиртспирт CCакт.акт. HH22SOSO44 [H][H]
HNOHNO33
HClHCl
NHNH22
CC22HH44ClCl22 XX11 XX22 XX33
XX44
1)1)CC22HH44Cl + KOHCl + KOH((спирт)спирт)
2)2) СС22HH22
3)3)CC66HH66 + HNO+ HNO33
4)4)CC66HH55NONO22 + H+ H22
5)5)CC66HH55NHNH22 + HCl+ HCl
HH++
PtPt
C2H2+2CCl+2H2
O
2
C6H6 (катализатор – актив. уголь)3
C6H5NO2+H2O
C6H5NH2+2H2O3
C6H5NH3Cl

11. 2HBr 2KOH,2HBr 2KOH,спиртспирт HH22 KMnOKMnO44 2HNO2HNO33
HH22OO
CC22HH44(OH)(OH)22 XX11 XX22 XX33 XX44
CHCH22—CH—CH22ONOONO22
ONOONO22
1)1)CC22HH44(OH)(OH)22 + HBr+ HBr
2)2)CC22HH44BrBr22 + KOH+ KOH((спирт)спирт)
3)3)CC22HH22 + H+ H22
4)4)CC22HH44 + H+ H22O + KMnOO + KMnO44
5)5) CC22HH44(OH) + HNO(OH) + HNO33
PtPt
2
2
2
23
4
C2H4Br2+2H2O
C2H2+2KBr+2H2O
C2H4
3C2H4(OH2)+2MnO2+2KOH
CH2(ONO2)-CH2(ONO2)+2H2O

12. Реакции неорганическихРеакции неорганических
веществвеществ

13. SiOSiO22 Si CaSi Ca22Si SiHSi SiH44 SiOSiO22 SiSi
1)1)SiOSiO22++ MgMg
2)2)Si +Si + CaCa
3)3)CaCa22Si +Si + HH22SOSO44
4)4)SiHSiH44 ++ OO22
5)5)SiOSiO22 ++ CC
2
2
2
2
2
2MgO2+Si
Ca2Si
2CaSO4+SiH4
SiO2+2H2O
Si+2CO

14. CaCOCaCO33 CaO Ca(OH)CaO Ca(OH)22 CaCOCaCO33 Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 CaCOCaCO33
1)1)CaCOCaCO33
2)2)CaO + HCaO + H22OO
3)3)Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 + H+ H22COCO33
4)4)CaCOCaCO33 + H+ H22OO + CO+ CO22
5)5)Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22
CaO+CO2
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3+2H2O
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3+H2O+CO
2

15. P MgP Mg33PP22 PHPH33 PP22OO55 HH33POPO44 CaCa33(PO(PO44))22
1)1) Mg+ PMg+ P
2)2)MgMg33PP22 + HCl+ HCl
3)3) PHPH33 + O+ O22
4)4)PP22OO55 + H+ H22OO
5)5) Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 + H+ H33POPO44
3 2
6
2 4
3
23
Mg3P2
3MgCl2+2PH
3
P2O5+3H2
O2HPO4
Ca3(PO4)2

16. NN22 NHNH33 (NH(NH44))22HPOHPO44 NHNH44Cl NHCl NH44NONO33
1)1)NN22 ++ HH22
2)2) NHNH33 + H+ H33POPO44
3)3)(NH(NH44))22HPOHPO44 ++ HClHCl
4)4)NHNH44Cl + HNOCl + HNO33
3
2
2
2NH3
(NH4)2HP
O4
2NH4Cl+H3PO
4
NH4NO3+HC
l

17. NN22 NHNH33 NO NONO NO22 HNOHNO33 KNOKNO33
1)1) HH22 + N+ N22
2)2) NHNH33 + O+ O22
3)3) NO + ONO + O22
4)4) NONO22 + O+ O22 + H+ H22OO
5)5)HNOHNO33 + KOH+ KOH
3
4 5
2
4 2
2NH3
4NO+6H2
O2NO2
4HNO
3
KNO3+H2O

18. S SOS SO22 NaNa22SOSO33 SOSO22 SOSO33 HH22SOSO44
1)1)S + OS + O22
2)2) NaOH + SONaOH + SO22
3)3)NaNa22SOSO33
4)4) SOSO22 + O+ O22
5)5)SOSO33 + H+ H22OO
2
2
SO2
Na2SO3+H2O
Na2O+SO2
2SO
3
H2SO
4

19. Fe FeClFe FeCl22 Fe(OH)Fe(OH)22 Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33 FeFe22OO33 FeFe
1)1)Fe + HClFe + HCl
2)2)FeClFeCl22 + NaOH+ NaOH
3)3) Fe(OH)Fe(OH)22 + H+ H22O + OO + O22
4)4) Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33
5)5) FeFe22OO33
2
2
4 2
2
2
FeCl2+H
2
2NaCl+Fe(O
H)2
4Fe(OH)
3
Fe2O3+3H2O
4Fe+3O2

20. Al AlClAl AlCl33 Al(OH)Al(OH)33 AlAl22OO33 AlAl22(SO(SO44))33 Al(OH)Al(OH)33
1)1) Al +Al + HClHCl
2)2)AlClAlCl33 ++ NaOHNaOH
3)3) Al(OH)Al(OH)33
4)4)AlAl22OO33 ++ HH22SOSO44
5)5)AlAl22(SO(SO44))33 ++ NaOHNaOH
2 6
3
2
3
6
2AlCl3+3H
2
Al(OH)3+3Na
Cl
Al2O3+3H2
O
Al2(SO4)3+3H
2O
2Al(OH)3+3Na2S
O4

21. Ca CaO Ca(OH)Ca CaO Ca(OH)22 CaCOCaCO33 CaO CaClCaO CaCl22
1)1) Ca + OCa + O22
2)2)CaO + HCaO + H22OO
3)3)Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 + Na+ Na22COCO33
4)4)CaCOCaCO33
5)5)CaO +CaO + HClHCl
2
2
2CaO
Ca(OH)
2
CaCO3+2NaO
H
CaO+CO2
CaCl2+H2O

22. Na NaNa Na22OO22 NaNa22O NaOH NaO NaOH Na22SOSO44
1)1) Na + ONa + O22
2)2)NaNa22OO22 + Na+ Na
3)3)NaNa22O + KOHO + KOH
4)4) NaOH + HNaOH + H22SOSO44
2
2
2
2
Na2O2
2Na2
O
2NaOH+K2O
Na2SO4+2H2
O