The Battle of Kadesh took place in 1274 BC between the Egyptian empire led by Pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite empire led by King Muwatalli II. The battle began when the Hittites launched a surprise attack on the Egyptians with chariots. Although Ramesses II was initially caught off guard, he was able to regroup his forces and fight off the Hittites. The battle ended indecisively, with both sides claiming victory but neither gaining a clear advantage. This led to a peace treaty being signed between Egypt and the Hittites about 15 years later.

1. სსიპ დმანისის მუნიციპალიტეტის
სოფ.განთიადის საჯარო სკოლა
ქადეშის ბრძოლა

2. მუვათალი II — ხეთების მეფე, მურსილი II-ის ძე.
ჩვენმდე მოაღწია ხეთურ ენაზე შედგენილმა ვრცელმა
ხელშეკრულებამ, რომელიც მუვათლიმ დადო მცირე
აზიის სამხრეთ-დასვლეთში მდებარე ხეთების
ვასალური ქვეყნის - ვილუსას -
მმართველ ალექსანდუსთან. მუვათალი
ცდილობდა ხეთების პოლიტიკური გავლენის
შენარჩუნებას ჩრდილოეთ სირიის სამთავროებზე. ამ
მიზნით იგი კადეშთნ
შეებრძოლაეგვიპტელების ლაშქარს,
რომელსაც რამსეს II მეთაურობდა (ძვ. წ. 1312).
ბრძოლამ წარმატება ვერცერთ მხარეს ვერ მოუტანა,
ხეთები კვლვინდებურად ბატონობდნენ ჩრდილოეთ
სირიაში.
კადეშის ბრძოლა ძვ.წ. 1274წ.

3. მეთაურები
ეგვიპტე ხეთები
 ეგვიპტის იმპერია -
ფარაონი რამზეს II
 ხეთების იმპერია - მეფე
მუვათალი II

4. არმია
ეგვიპტე ხეთები
 20.000 men
(half engaged)16,000 infantry
2,000 chariots
4,000 men
 ეგვიპტელების არმია შედგებოდა 4
დივიზიისგან, თითოეულში იყო 5.000
ჯარისკაცი 500 ეტლით. ცნობილია ამ
"დივიზიების" სახელებიც, რომლებიც
ეგვიპტური ღმერთების მიხედვით
ერქვათ:
 I. ამონ - იდგა რამზესის პირად
დაცვასთან ერთად ძირითად ბანაკში.
II. რა - მიემართებოდა ამონის უკან. ამ
დივიზიაში იყვნენ ფარაონის შვილები.
III. პტაჰ - მიყვებოდა უკან რას.
IV სეტ - არმიის არიერგარდი. რეზერვი.
 - Somewhere between 23,000–
50,000 menSomewhere
between 15,000–40,000 infantry
(not engaged)
Somewhere between 2,500–3,700
chariots
Somewhere between 9,000–
11,100 men

5. ბრძოლის პირველი ეტაპი
The Hittite army of 37,000 footsoldiers
and 3500 chariots was hiding behind
the tell of Kadesh, but Ramses believed
false rumors that his enemy was still
near Haleb. After beating what he
thought was the truth out of two
captured Hittites, he held a council of
war and the vizier in a chariot and a
rider on horseback were dispatched
south to hasten the progress of the
Ptah division.
While the Amen division was setting
up camp, 2500 Hittite chariots
attacked the marching Re division in
two waves. The other two Egyptian
divisions were still on the far side of the
river Orontes (Arnath) near the town of
Sabtuna.
G.Cavillier casts doubts on the
possibility of the Hittite army being
able to hide from the view of the
Egyptians and ford the Orontes in
sufficient numbers in a very short time
to be able to mount a surprise
attack. [1] - but if they were stationed
on the western bank of the river they
did not have to cross the Orontes itself
but only the small brook el Mukadiyeh,
being stationed on the fields between
the river and the town

6. ბრძოლის მეორე ეტაპი
The Hittites dispersed
the Amen division and
began pillaging the
Egyptian camp.The
Pharaoh, fighting
among his body guard
with his back to the
river, looked lost.

7. ბრძოლის მესამე ეტაპი
At this time, a force
referred to as nearin arrived,
surprising the pilfering
Hittites, and drove them out
of the camp.Their identity is
the subject of debate. At
times they are equated
with sDm-aS (Sedjemash),
which accords well with the
meaning of Ugaritic n'rm.
According to this
interpretation they were
camp-followers: servants,
grooms and others. Others
see them as recruits coming
fromAmurru.
Muwatalli sent an
additional 1000 chariots led
by the kings of Aleppo and
Karkhemish, two of his own
brothers and many allied
princes, but kept most of his
infantry to himself on the far
side of the river.

8. დასკვნითი ეტაპი
Ramses reorganized
his forces and the
Hittites escaped being
surrounded by the
Egyptians by retreating
towards Kadesh.
After receiving a
message from
Muwatalli, Ramses
decided to retreat.
According to the
Egyptians, the
"wretched, vanquished
chief of Hatti" pleaded
with the pharaoh

9. The route through the Biqa'a valley being considered
too risky, it was decided to take the route east of it,
through Upe in the region of Damascus. The battle of
Kadesh should perhaps not be called a battle in the
strictest sense of the word, but rather a large-scale
skirmish preceding the decisive encounter which in the end
never took place. Nevertheless, Muwatalli was able to rob
his opponent of the initiative and eliminated about a third
of his troops.
The failure of Ramses' campaign was a result of his
tactical mistakes. He did not send enough scouts to explore
the countryside sufficiently, the divisions were separated
by up to 15 kms from each other and there was no adequate
protection of the flanks. Still, the king blamed his troops

10. This attack on the army and his leaders was the
beginning of the gradual distancing process between army
and king, who relied more and more on Amen and his
priesthood. Since the reign of Horemheb, who had appointed
a general to succeed him, the army command had played a
decisive role in foreign policy decisions. Ramses II
reasserted the royal power in this domain and brought about
a rapprochement between Egypt and Hatti which culminated in
the signing of a peace treaty. Ramses described the
campaign as a splendid victory, while in reality Kadesh
remained in Hittite hands, Amurru fell to the Hittites and
the Egyptian losses were substantial

11. Reconstruction of battle scene picture
(Source: University of Quebec website)
The fortified town of Kadesh is in the top left corner, protected by arms of the Orontes. The Hittites are attacking
from the left bank of the Orontes and Ramses is mounting a counterattack. Most of the action here seems to be between
Egyptian chariotry and Hittite foot soldiers, when in reality the Hittites fought mainly with their chariots.

12. The running borderlands conflicts were finally concluded some fifteen
years after the Battle of Kadesh by an official peace treaty in 1258 BC, in
the 21st year of Ramesses II's reign, with Hattusili III, the new king of the
Hittites.The treaty that was established was inscribed on a silver tablet,
of which a clay copy survived in the Hittite capital of Hattusa, in
modernTurkey, and is on display at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.
An enlarged replica of the Kadesh agreement hangs on a wall at the
headquarters of the United Nations, as the earliest international peace
treaty known to historians. Its text, in the Hittite version, appears in the
links below.An Egyptian version survives on a papyrus.

13. The Kadesh peace agreement—on display at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum—is
believed to be the earliest example of any written international agreement of
any kind

14. ტესტები
 1. რომელ სახელმწიფოებს შორის მოხდა
კადეშის ბრძოლა და როდის?
 2. დაასახელეთ კადეშის ბრძოლის მიზეზი:
 3. დაასახელეთ კადეშის ბრძოლის მეთაურები:
 4. როგორი იყო ძალთა თანაფარდობა?
 5. რატომ ეწოდა დიდი საეტლო ბრძოლა?
 6. როგორ წარიმართა ბრძოლა?
 7. რა შედეგით დასრულდა?
 8. სად ინახება საზავო ხელშეკრულების
ორიგინალი?
 9. სად ინახება საზავო ხელშეკრულების ასლი?