قانون المسطرة الجنائية

1. ‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫انًظطزح‬ ٌَٕ‫لب‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫ٓل٤٘ش‬ ‫ٛ٤ـش‬38َ‫أًظٞر‬3122

2. -3-
‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫انمب‬00.22‫انًزؼهك‬‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫ثبنًظطزح‬ّ‫رؼذٚه‬ ‫رى‬ ‫كًب‬
‫انزبنٛخ‬ ٍَٛ‫ثبنمٕا‬8
2-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬46.22ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬33.12ُٔ‫رخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫ٔطَس‬
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.27:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(28
َ‫أًظٞر‬3122)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6::1‫رظخٍ٣ن‬3:ًٝ‫حُوؼيس‬2543(38َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122،)ٙ6346‫؛‬
3-ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬69.22ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٚ‫رٔٞؿز‬ َ٤‫حُٔـ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
2.68.334ُ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٜخى‬3ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2488(38َ‫ٓزظٔز‬2:68،٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ )
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.281‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(36َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6:9:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٌٍَٓ39‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(37َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122)،ٙ6339‫؛‬
4-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬48.21٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬33.12‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫حَُٗٞس‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ،ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔزِـ‬ ‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
ٍ‫ٝحٓظـال‬ ّ‫ٝحالهظال‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫ٝؿ٤َٛخ‬ ًٞ‫حُ٘ل‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.275‫رظخٍ٣ن‬
2:‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً ٖٓ2543(28َ‫أًظٞر‬3122‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬6:99‫رظخٍ٣ن‬33ًٝ
‫حُوؼيس‬2543(31َ‫أًظٞر‬3122ٙ ،)6234‫؛‬
5-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬47.21ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬33.12،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.261‫رظخٍ٣ن‬27ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬ ٖٓ2543(28ْ‫أؿٔط‬
3122‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬6:86ٍ‫رظخ‬‫٣ن‬7ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2543(6َ‫ٓزظٔز‬3122)،ٙ
54:1‫؛‬
6-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬24.21‫حُٜٔخىم‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬2.6:.524‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39‫ح٥هَس‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ2493(37َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬2:73)
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬33.12ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫ح‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ُظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬
2.13.366‫رظخٍ٣ن‬36‫ٍؿذ‬ ٖٓ2534(4َ‫أًظٞر‬3113)ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬54.16‫حُٔظؼِن‬
َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬2.18.8:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ
ٍٝ‫حأل‬2539(28َ٣َ‫أر‬3118،)َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.22.13‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26
َ‫ٛل‬ ٖٓ2543(31َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬6:22‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:َ‫ٛل‬2543
(35َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122ٙ ،)2:7‫؛‬
7-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬35.16ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ٝ َ٣‫رظؼي‬634ٝ641ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ33.12
،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.16.223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٖٓ
ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537(34َٞٗ‫كٔز‬3116)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537
َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116ٙ ،)4252‫؛‬

3. -4-
8-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬34.16‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬639ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ33.12‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.16.222‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ25(34َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬
3116)‫؛‬َُٔٓ‫ح‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ػيى‬ ‫٤ش‬6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2537َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116ٙ ،)
4251‫؛‬
9-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬14.14ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
2.14.251‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(39١‫ٓخ‬3114)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬
6223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(3:١‫ٓخ‬3114ٙ ،)2866.

4. -5-
‫رلى‬ ‫شزٚف‬ ‫ظٓٛز‬2.20.033ٙ‫ف‬ ‫صبدر‬03‫رجت‬ ٍ‫ي‬2201
(1‫أكزٕثز‬0220‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫انمب‬ ‫ثزُفٛذ‬ )00.22‫ثبنًظطزح‬ ‫انًزؼهك‬
‫انجُبئٛخ‬1
---
،ٙ‫ٝكي‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫حُلٔي‬
‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫حُطخرغ‬–;ِٚ‫ريحه‬
) ٚ٤ُٝ ‫هللا‬ ‫٣ٞٓق‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ‫ٓلٔي‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ٖٔ‫حُل‬ ٖ‫ر‬ ‫ٓلٔي‬ (
;‫أٗ٘خ‬ َٙٓ‫أ‬ ِ‫ٝأػ‬ ‫هللا‬ ٙ‫أٓٔخ‬ ،‫ٌٛح‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫ظٜ٤َٗخ‬ ٖٓ ِْ‫٣ؼ‬
ٖ٤ِٜ‫حُل‬ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬37ٝ69،ٚ٘ٓ
;٢ِ٣ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫أَٓٗخ‬ ‫أٛيٍٗخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ،‫ٌٛح‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ ‫ظٜ٤َٗخ‬ ‫ػوذ‬ ،‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ َ٘٘٣ٝ ٌ‫٣٘ل‬33.12‫حُٔظؼِن‬
.‫حُ٘ٞحد‬ ِْ‫ٝٓـ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحكن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬
٢‫ك‬ ًٖ‫رَٔح‬ ٍَ‫ٝك‬36‫ٍؿذ‬ ٖٓ2534(4َ‫أًظٞر‬3113.)
;‫رخُؼطق‬ ٚ‫ٝهؼ‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬ َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬
‫حإل‬٢‫٣ٞٓل‬ ٖٔ‫حَُك‬ ‫ػزي‬ ;‫ٓ٠خء‬
1-‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6189‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً2534(41َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3114ٙ ،)426.

5. -6-
‫رلى‬ ٌَٕ‫لب‬00.22‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫ثبنًظطزح‬ ‫ٚزؼهك‬
‫دٚجبجخ‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٍحٓو‬ ‫حالهظ٘خع‬ ‫أٛزق‬21َ٣‫كزَح‬
2:6:‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫طيه‬ ‫ٝهي‬ .٢ٟ‫حُٔخ‬ َٕ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔزؼ٤٘خص‬ ‫ريح٣ش‬ ٌ٘ٓ
٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬39َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬2:85‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٓٔش‬ ‫طؼي٣الص‬ َ‫ُ٤يه‬
ِٜٚ‫ك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًَّٝ .ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٚ‫ه٘خػظ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬2:6:ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٓؼظز‬
ٍٞ‫ىه‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رٜخ‬ َٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫َٓكِ٤ش‬ ‫طـ٤٤َحص‬ ‫ٓـَى‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬»‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫حُظطز٤ن‬ ِ٤‫ك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬«.
ُٜٙٞ٘‫رخ‬ ‫َٓطزطش‬ ًَ‫ٝٓ٘خ‬ ‫ػـَحص‬ ‫ػيس‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٤ٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫ً٘لض‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ح‬ ‫رخُٞحهغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ ٚ‫ططَك‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ‫ٝأؿٞرش‬ ٍِٞ‫ك‬ ْ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ١‫حُظٜي‬ ٢‫٣٘زـ‬ ٢‫الؿظٔخػ‬
‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحالطلخه٤خص‬ ‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ٜٓخىهش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫اٌٗخُ٤خص‬
‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣٠خف‬ .٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٚ‫حُظٞؿ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓالءٓش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫طيه‬ َٝ‫طل‬ ‫أٛزلض‬
ٔٗ‫حإل‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ‫ػَكٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ َٟ‫حٌُز‬ ‫حُطلَس‬‫حُلوٞم‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٛ٤خٗش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٙ‫ٝحُل‬ ،‫رزالىٗخ‬ ٕ‫خ‬
.ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ ،‫ٝحُـٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫حُلَى٣ش‬ ‫حُلَ٣خص‬ ‫ٝكٔخ٣ش‬
ٚ‫ربهَحؿ‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظؼـ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َ٣‫طؼي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ىػض‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫ٝؿيص‬ ‫ٝهي‬
;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظطز٤ن‬ ِ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
-‫ٓوظِق‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حٍط٤خف‬ ‫ٓزؼغ‬ ‫٣ؼي‬ ُْ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٕ‫ا‬‫ًخكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜٔظٔش‬ ‫حُلؼخُ٤خص‬
‫كؼخُ٤ظٜخ‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ر٢ء‬ ‫ٗظ٤ـش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔظظزؼ‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫حُٜٔظ‬ ٖٓ ‫حٗظوخى‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ‫ٝأٛزق‬ ،‫حألٛؼيس‬
‫حُٔٔطَ٣ش‬ ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ ٌُٕٞ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ًلخ٣ظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حإلؿَحث٤ش‬ ‫حألٓخُ٤ذ‬ ٟٝ‫ؿي‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫رٔزذ‬
‫رخَُٔس؛‬ ‫ٓليىس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫١ٞ٣ِش‬
-‫ؿي‬ ‫أٗٞحع‬ ٍٜٞ‫ٝظ‬ ،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ‫طٜخػي‬٢ِٔ‫حُؼ‬ ّ‫رخُظوي‬ ‫َٓطزطش‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ‫٣يس‬
‫حُلخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٍٜٞ‫ه‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫أرخ‬ ،‫ٝحالهظٜخى٣ش‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫ٝرخُظَٝف‬ ٢‫ٝحُظٌُ٘ٞٞؿ‬
‫ٌٓخكلظٜخ؛‬ ٢‫ك‬
-ٍ‫هي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ ‫رخص‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ‫ػيى‬ ْ‫ط٠و‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ٢‫حُـٔخػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫طٌ٘٤الص‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ َ‫ٛخث‬.‫رؼ٠ٜخ‬ ‫رٔخ١ش‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ‫طَحًٜٔخ‬ ‫ُ٣خىس‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔظؼخٍف‬ ٢ُِٔ٘ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ْ‫ٛخؿ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫كوي‬ ّٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ،‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ْٜ‫كَ٣خط‬ ٕٞٛٝ ‫حألكَحى‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٝ ً‫خ‬٤ُٔ‫ػخ‬
‫اػخىس‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ًَِٓ٣ش‬ ‫ٗوطش‬ ‫ٌِٗض‬ ‫أٓخٓ٤ش‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ّ‫ٝحُ٘ظخ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬2:6:‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ٝحُظ‬ ،
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬2:85‫ٓغ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫طَٓ٤ن‬ ٕ‫٣ٞحًزخ‬ ‫ُـؼِٜٔخ‬
ٍ‫رخٓظل٠خ‬ ‫حُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٤‫حألٍرؼ‬ ‫طـَرش‬ ‫أكَُطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِٔز٤خص‬ ًَ ٢‫طالك‬
‫ح‬ ْ٤ُ‫طؼخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٔظوَس‬ ْٓ‫حأل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ْ٤‫ٝه‬ ‫حُل٘٤ق‬ ٢ٓ‫حإلٓال‬ ٖ٣‫ُي‬

6. -7-
ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫كووٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬ ْ‫ٝىػ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ‫حُظَحع‬
‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ‫حُظٔؼ٤٘خص‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أىهِض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؼي٣الص‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
٣َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫رٔيس‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫ػخثالص‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ ‫كن‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ش‬
ْٜ٘ٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ْٜ‫ُٔؼخ٣٘ظ‬ ‫١ز٤ذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼَٟٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫رٟٞؼ‬
٢ٌُٗٞ‫ح‬ ّٜٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٠ٗ‫٣ظٔخ‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬ ٌٙٛ ْ‫ٝىػ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٖ٣‫ػخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.ٖٛ‫حَُح‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬
‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ َ٤٣‫حُٔؼخ‬ ٢٘‫طز‬ ١ٍَٝ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬
.ً‫خ‬٤‫طَ٘٣ؼ‬‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ١ٞ‫٣لظ‬ ٢ُ‫حُلخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حُٜيى‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ٝك‬‫ا‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
;٢ٛ ‫ًظذ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬
-‫ٝٓؼخ٣٘ظٜخ؛‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ١َ‫حُظل‬ ;ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حُـَحثْ؛‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ;٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حٌُظخد‬‫رخألكيحع؛‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُوٞحػي‬ ;‫حُؼخُغ‬
-‫حُؼخى٣ش؛‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫١َم‬ ;‫حَُحرغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حُوخٛش؛‬ َ١‫حُٔٔخ‬ ;ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حالػظزخٍ؛‬ ‫ٍٝى‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫ٝحُٔـ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ;ّ‫حُٔخى‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
-‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫حَُٔطٌزش‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رزؼ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ;‫حُٔخرغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
‫حُِٔطخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٝحُؼالهخص‬‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش؛‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ص‬
-.‫ٝهظخٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓوظِلش‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ;ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
‫كوٞم‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ّ‫ٝحألكٌخ‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ُ‫ربرَح‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ْ‫حٛظ‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫طِي‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢َٓ٣ ٢ٓ‫حألٓخ‬ ٜٚ‫طٞؿ‬ ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ ،‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫ٝطٞك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬
،‫حُٔؼخَٛس‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٞحرض‬ ٖٓ ‫رخػظزخٍٛخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝحُٔلخكظش‬ ‫حُٔخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬
َٙ‫ك‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ٍ‫اهَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
-‫حأل١َحف؛‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ُٕ‫ُظٞح‬ ‫ٝكخكظش‬ ‫ٝك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫ٜٓ٘لش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُلٌْ؛‬ ‫ِٝٓطخص‬
-ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔظخرؼ‬ ‫ٓٔخػِش‬ ١َٝٗ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ْ‫طظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬٠
‫حُوٞحػي؛‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬
-‫ٓوٍَس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫ىحٓض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ‫رَحءط‬ َٝ‫طلظ‬ ‫ٓظخرغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓ٘ظز‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُوخٕٗٞ؛‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝٓؼخهذ‬ َّ‫ٓل‬ ‫حُٔلظَٟش‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ّ‫ٓٔخ‬ ًَٝ .٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
-‫حُٔظْٜ؛‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ىحث‬ ‫حُ٘ي‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-‫ح‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ ‫أىُش‬ ‫رـٔ٤غ‬ ِْ‫حُؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ‫٣ظٔظغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫ٝٓ٘خه٘ظٜخ‬ ٙ‫ٟي‬ ‫ُوخثٔش‬
‫ٓلخّ؛‬ ‫ٓئحٍُس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ٌٕٞ٣

7. -8-
-َ‫َٓحك‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ٍ‫حإلهزخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ َٜٔ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬
-‫ٓؼوٍٞ؛‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ ْٜ‫حُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
-ُٔ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُظ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ٕ‫ٓيح‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٖٓ ٕ‫ٝحُٔيح‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٞرش‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ َ‫ػز‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫أؿِٜخ‬
;٢ِ٣ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ط٠ٜٔ٘خ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حهظٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
•8‫انجزاءح‬ ‫لزُٚخ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َٛ‫حأل‬ ٢ٛ ‫حُزَحءس‬ ٍ‫حػظزخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٜٗض‬
ٌْ‫رل‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫اىحٗش‬ ‫طؼزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
‫طظؼٜي‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٌَّ٣ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ .‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ًَ
«‫رلوٞم‬ ‫ط٘زظٜخ‬ ‫ٝطئًي‬ ‫ٝٝحؿزخص‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ٖٓ )‫(حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ٚ٤٠‫طوظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ّ‫رخُظِح‬
ٝ‫ى‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظؼخٍف‬ ٢ٛ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ً‫خ‬٤ُ
2
.»
ٕ‫أ‬ ًٌَُ‫رخ‬ َ٣‫ٝحُـي‬ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬ ٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬ْٓ‫ُأل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُـٔؼ٤ش‬ ٚ‫أهَط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٔظليس‬21َ‫ىؿ٘ز‬2:59‫ًٔخ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫حُلخى٣ش‬ ٚ‫ٓخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
;٢ِ٣«٣ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٖٓ‫طئ‬ ‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ ‫رٔلخًٔش‬ ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫رَ٣ج‬ َ‫ؼظز‬
ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ُِيكخع‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ُٚ»‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ٝأًيط‬ ،25ٖٓٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬
‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬.
ُ٘‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬‫أكخ١ٜخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُزَحءس‬ ‫هَ٣٘ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ٚ
;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝطوٞ٣ظٜخ‬ ‫ُظؼِ٣ِٛخ‬ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ‫رؼيس‬
-‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤٤ٖ؛‬ ٖ٣َ٤‫طير‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحهزش‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٍ‫حػظزخ‬
-‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٝاكخ١ظٜٔخ‬ ،٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫ٝحالػظوخ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫طل‬
‫ٛخٍٓش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ
-‫رخُظٜٔش؛‬ ٍٙ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫كن‬ ‫طَٓ٤ن‬
-٢‫ك‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫كظَس‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٢ٓ‫رٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬
‫حُلظَس؛‬ ‫طِي‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫ٓالكظخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬
-‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش؛‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٚ‫رٟٞؼ‬ ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬ َ‫ط٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬
-٢‫حُـِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٌُِ‫ح‬ َُ٘٘‫ح‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٍ‫ُوَح‬
‫حُؼخٓش؛‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫رخُٜلق‬
2-‫ط٠طِغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫"ٝاىٍحًخ‬ ;‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ٚ‫كوَط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ َ٣‫طٜي‬ ًَٚٓ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
ٕ‫كب‬ ،٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُٜؼ٤ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظٔخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢٤ُ٘٘‫ح‬ َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٞ٠‫حُؼ‬ ،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ّ‫رخُظِح‬ ‫طظؼٜي‬ ،‫ُيُٝ٤ش‬‫ٓخ‬
‫ٓزخىة‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓٞحػ٤وٜخ‬ ٚ٤٠‫طوظ‬ٝ‫كوٞم‬ٝ،‫ٝحؿزخص‬ٝ."‫ػخُٔ٤خ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظؼخٍف‬ ٢ٛ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫رلوٞم‬ ‫ط٘زؼٜخ‬ ‫طئًي‬

8. -9-
-‫أ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔٓ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٍٛٞط‬ َ٘ٗ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ه٤ٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫أٛلخى‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫ٓؼظو‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ َ٣ٜٞ‫ط‬ ‫ٓ٘غ‬
‫طلو٤ن‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼخهزش‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫طؼَف‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫طـ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ١‫َُِأ‬ ‫حٓظطالع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طؼِ٤ن‬
.ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬
•‫اإلصجبد‬ ‫ٔطبئم‬ ‫ٔرمٛٛى‬ ‫يزالجخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫نهمضبء‬ ‫فؼبل‬ ‫دٔر‬8
َ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍٝ‫ى‬ ُ‫ارَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫حُٜيى‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫ه٤ٔظٜخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ك٤ؼ٤خص‬ ٖٟٔ ٚ‫حهظ٘خػ‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫رظ‬ ً‫خ‬ِِٓٓ
.‫ٝحٟق‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ربػزخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٛ٤خؿش‬ ‫ٝأػ٤يص‬ .ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ًٔخ‬3:4‫رخُؼ٘ق‬ ‫٣٘ظِع‬ ‫حػظَحف‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حالػظيحى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ًَّ ‫ٓزيأ‬ ٞٛٝ .ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬ ٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬
«‫حُلخ١ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞك٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔؼخٓالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫ُِظؼٌ٣ذ‬ ٕ‫اٗٔخ‬ ١‫أ‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ال‬
‫رخٌَُحٓش‬»ٖٓ ‫حُٔخرؼش‬ ‫ٝحُٔخىس‬ ،‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬ ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬ .
.‫ُِو٠خس‬ ‫حُظوي٣َ٣ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ‫حالػظَحف‬ ‫ه٠ٞع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ‫هي‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
•8‫انؼبدنخ‬ ‫انًحبكًخ‬ ‫ضًبَبد‬ ‫ٔرمٕٚخ‬ ‫رؼشٚش‬
ٟ‫ٗخى‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫ط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬ٚ‫ر‬٢ُٔ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬
ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ُلوٞم‬‫(حُٔخىس‬21‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫هٜٞٛ٤خط‬ ‫ٝر٤٘ض‬ ، )25ٖٓٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ‫حُؼٜي‬
‫ٝحُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬.‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ُٚ٘‫رخ‬ ِٙ٣ِ‫ٝطؼ‬ ‫حُٔزيأ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٤‫طيػ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬;
-ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔظٔغ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْ‫رٔظَؿ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫حٓظؼخٗش‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬
ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ٚ‫حٓظؼخٗظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣لٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٜـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُـش‬ ‫٣ظليع‬
‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٛٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬‫(حُٔخىس‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْ‫حُٔظَؿ‬ ‫ٝآ٠خء‬ ،‫رٌٔخ‬
32‫)؛‬
-‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗش‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؤً٤ي‬58‫ُظَٓ٤وٜخ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ )
‫حُلٌْ؛‬ ‫ٝه٠خء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خء‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬
-،ْ‫طِز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍٝ‫ى‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬
ٚ‫كو‬ ٖٓ ‫أٛزق‬ ً‫ا‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٞػخثن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤خرش‬ ٢ُ‫٣ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ًِٚٞٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ٚ‫َٓحك‬ ‫ا١الم‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫اػزخطخص‬84ٝ85‫)؛‬
-‫ٝحُلؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔػش‬ ‫ُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِٝزض‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ُ‫إلٗـخ‬ ٍ‫آؿخ‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬
‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٖٓٝ ،ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬291،
2:7،326،345،492،639ٝ651‫...)؛‬
-‫ٝط٤َس‬ ‫طَٔ٣غ‬ ‫ربٌٓخٜٗخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫حالٓظيػخءحص‬ ‫ُظزِ٤ؾ‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫١َم‬ ‫كظق‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُطَم‬ ٌٙٛ َ‫ٝطظٔؼ‬ .‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬48،49ٝ ،4:ٕٓ‫حألػٞح‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫ُِظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖ
.‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫رخُطَ٣وش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬ ٖ٤٤‫حُو٠خث‬

9. -:-
-‫حَُ٘٣ؼش‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ٝ ‫حإلٓالٓ٤ش‬‫ٓؼخِٓش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫ٝطوخُ٤ي‬ ْ٤‫ه‬
ٞ‫ر‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حَُٔأس‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حُ٘ٔخء‬ ‫كَٓش‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٚ٘‫ٝح‬ .‫حَُٔأس‬‫حٓطش‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫ؿٜ٘ٔخ‬71ٝ92.)
-ٖٓ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ُ٣خٍس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫رخ‬ ،‫ٝحُٔـ٘خء‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ِ٣ِ‫طؼ‬
ْ٤‫ٍٝث‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝه٠خس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ َ‫هز‬
‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬ .‫ٝٓ٘ظظٔش‬ ‫ىٍٝ٣ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬
‫طًَ٤زظٜخ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ‫ىػ‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬ ‫٣ظَأٜٓخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬
‫حُوطخػخص‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ‫ٝطٞٓ٤غ‬ )‫حُٜٔظٔش‬ ‫(حُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫كؼخُ٤خص‬ ‫ربَٗحى‬ ‫حُزَ٘٣ش‬
‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬‫رَػخ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ َٔ٘‫ُظ‬ ‫ٛالك٤خطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطٔي٣ي‬ ،‫ك٤ٜخ‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬35:،727،731ٝ732.)
-‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬٘٤‫ٓظؼ‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٍ‫ألػٔخ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طوٞ٣ش‬
ٓ ‫ُِظلون‬ ،َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أٓزٞع‬ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ٓؼخ٣٘ش‬‫َٗػ٤ش‬ ٖ
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫أىحء‬ ْ٤٤‫رظو‬ ‫ِِٓٓش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫أٛزلض‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ٚ‫ٝظَٝك‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
ْٜ‫ٓئٛالط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓ٘ظٔش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤٣ٍ‫حإلىح‬ ْٛ‫ٍإٓخء‬ ٌٖٔ٤ٓ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ .ْٜ‫ٝط٘و٤ط‬
‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ٝٓـٜٞىحط‬ ْٜ‫ٝهيٍحط‬‫حُـَكش‬ ‫ٛالك٤خص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلخكظش‬
‫ٓل‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ُ٠زخ‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫ًِٔطش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٌٔش‬
-ٖ٤ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ًُِٞالء‬ ‫ٝطزِ٤ـٜخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔ٤خٓش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫اَٗحف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫ح‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ططز٤وٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َُِٜٔ ‫ُِِٔي‬62.)
-‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫٣ؼط٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؼِ٤ٔخص‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝؿٞد‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ٘‫ح‬-ٌْ‫رل‬
ٜ‫طزؼ٤ظ‬ُٚ ‫خ‬-‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٌٓظٞرش‬62.)
-٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظطِزش‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤خص‬ ‫ٝطلي٣ي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ِٙ‫٣٘ـ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫طؼَ٣ق‬
.‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٝٓالٓش‬ ٢‫ٝحُ٠ز‬ ‫ُِيهش‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طٞه‬ ُٙ‫اٗـخ‬
-َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٙ‫طظو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُللع‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫ٝؿٞد‬26
‫ِٓٞى‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٤ُ ًٙ‫حطوخ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣.ٚ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِللخظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ُٚ ‫٣وُٜٞخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬
-ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٝاىٍحؽ‬ ،‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ٕٝ‫حُظؼخ‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫طٟٞ٤ق‬
.٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ْ‫ٓالث‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٟٔ ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬
-ٚ٘ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٔـٔش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٍٝ‫ط٘خ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
:8.26‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٕٞ٣‫حُي‬ َ٤ٜ‫طل‬ ‫ٓيٝٗش‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
2.11.286٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬39َّ‫ٓل‬ ٖٓ2532(4١‫ٓخ‬3111)
3
ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ،
٤‫ك‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫غ‬746‫ٝٓخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬758َ‫ٝحػظز‬ )
‫ٓغ‬ ،ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓٔزوش‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ َ‫ٝأه‬ ،ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ّ‫ُؼي‬ ‫ٓززخ‬ ٍ‫حإلػٔخ‬
‫ٍٝكغ‬ ،ٚ‫ططز٤و‬ َٝ‫طؼظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜؼٞرخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫اؿَحءحط‬ ‫ٛلش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫كن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإلروخء‬
3-‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬5911‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39َ‫ٛل‬2532ٞ٤ٗٞ٣ ‫(كخطق‬3111ٙ ،)2367.

10. -21-
ٓ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ُظطز٤ن‬ ٠ٗ‫حألى‬ ُٖٔ‫ح‬ٖ27٠ُ‫ا‬29٠ُ‫ا‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ُٖٔ‫ح‬ ٞ‫ٝهل‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬71‫ٓ٘ش‬
ٍ‫ري‬76.‫ٓ٘ش‬
-‫اىٓخؽ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ َ‫٣ٌل‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رظول٤٠ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٍ‫آؿخ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫َٓحؿؼش‬ ‫طٔض‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٘ٓ ٖ٣‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬799ٝ79:ٝ7:3.)
ٜ٘ٓ ‫حُٜيف‬ ‫ٛخٓش‬ ‫رٔٔظـيحص‬ ٠‫أط‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخىة‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝرخإلٟخكش‬‫خ‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ْ٤‫ٝطيػ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ٓؼ‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬
‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫ٝاػطخء‬ ،‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ً‫ح‬‫ٜٗٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٟلخ٣خ‬ ّ‫أ‬ ‫ًخٗٞح‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬ ‫حألكَحى‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٝكٔخ٣ش‬
ٍٕ‫حُٔوخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ُٔزخىة‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٌُٔخكلش‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ‫حُٔخى٣ش‬ ‫ٝحإلٌٓخٗ٤خص‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫هٜٞٛ٤خص‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ً‫ح‬ٌ‫آه‬ َٟ
.‫رزالىٗخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ‫حُٔظٞكَس‬ ‫ٝحُزَ٘٣ش‬
;‫حُٔٔظـيحص‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٖٓٝ
‫انضحبٚب‬ ‫ٔحًبٚخ‬ ‫انجزًٚخ‬ ‫نًكبفحخ‬ ‫جذٚذح‬ ‫آنٛبد‬ 8ً‫ال‬ٔ‫أ‬
‫حُٟٞؼ٤خص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٍ‫آػخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٞ‫ٗل‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫حطـ‬٢‫حُظ‬
ٍ‫٣طخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜيع‬ ‫ٍأد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢َٓ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫آُ٤ش‬ ‫أٝؿي‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫هخثٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
‫ػِٔخ‬ ،ّٜٞ‫حُو‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓٔظٜيك‬ ،‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫حُؼالهخص‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٓ‫حأل‬ َٔ‫ٓئط‬‫حُٔظليس‬
ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ٝٓؼخِٓش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ُٔ٘غ‬ َٗ‫حُؼخ‬ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ك٤٤٘خ‬ ٕ‫اػال‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٙ‫ٝأه‬ ٚ‫حُظٞؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠٘‫طز‬ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
َ٣َ‫أر‬ َٜٗ3111‫حٓظليحع‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ،»‫ٟلخ٣خ‬ ْ‫ُيػ‬ ‫ٝىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝاهِ٤ٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝ١٘٤ش‬ َٔ‫ػ‬ ٢‫هط‬
‫حُظٜخُل٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُؼيحُش‬ ‫ُِٞٓخ١ش‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ َٔ٘‫ط‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬«ّ‫ػخ‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍَ‫ٝه‬3113‫حُٔٞػي‬ ٞٛ
‫حُٔٔظٜيف‬.ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓخطٜخ‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ‫طَحؿغ‬ ٢ٌُ
28ّٛ‫ػه‬ ‫كبَذ‬ ‫يب‬ ٗ‫إن‬ ‫انحٛبسح‬ ٗ‫ػه‬ ‫االػزذاء‬ ‫حبنخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انحبنخ‬ ‫إرجبع‬ .
ْٜ٣‫ُي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُل٤خُس‬ ‫اٍؿخع‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٢ٛٝ
‫رخٓظَىحى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫رؼي‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ ‫حػظيحء‬ َ‫رلؼ‬ ْٜ٘ٓ ‫حٗظِػض‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٍ‫حٗظظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫هخثٔخ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ َ‫حػ‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٢‫طالك‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ٤ٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٞٛٝ ،‫حُل٤خُس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫٣ِـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٙ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣وغ‬ .ٚ‫اؿَحءحط‬ ٍٞ‫طط‬ ‫هي‬ ٌْ‫ك‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ُٚ‫٣ؼي‬51ٝ5:.)
08‫فٛٓب‬ ‫انحك‬ ّ‫ن‬ ًٍ‫ن‬ ‫انًحجٕسح‬ ‫األشٛبء‬ ‫رد‬ .
ٞ‫حُلو‬ ١ًٝ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٜٞٛٝ٘ٓ ‫ِٓزض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔ٘وُٞش‬ ْٜ‫ٓٔظٌِخط‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫٣ظِٔٔٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖٓ ‫م‬
‫ط٠ٍَٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ْٜٗ‫كَٓخ‬ ‫ٝطـ٘ذ‬ ،‫حألٓخٗش‬ ‫ه٤خٗش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًخَُٔهش‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ َ‫كؼ‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ
‫الُٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِٗحع‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ .٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٍ‫حٗظظخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫رٔٔظٞىػخص‬
ُٔ‫ُِٜٔخىٍس(ح‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُٕٔ‫خىطخ‬51ٝ5:.)
18‫انخصٕو‬ ٍٛ‫ث‬ ‫انصهح‬ .
ْ‫ط‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٤‫ًز‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫حٛظٔخ‬ ٢ُٞ٣ ‫حُلي٣غ‬ ٢ُٝ‫حُي‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫أٛزق‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕ‫حال١ٔج٘خ‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫رخُـ٘خس‬ ّ‫حالٛظٔخ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٠ٓ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٛ‫ٝاهٜخإ‬ ِْٜٛ‫طـخ‬
َ‫ػز‬ ْٜ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍُٞٛٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫كز٤ش‬ ‫طٔٞ٣ش‬

11. -22-
‫طٜخُق‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫رخُٔـظٔغ‬ ‫حُطٔؤٗ٤٘ش‬ ‫ٝحٓظظزخد‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫حٓظوَح‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬
‫ٝحُو٠خء‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ َ‫ٝؿز‬ ‫حُٜيع‬ ‫ٍأد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ .ٖ٣َٗ‫حُٔزخ‬ ‫حُوٜٞٓش‬ ٢‫١َك‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬
٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬ .‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حالٗظوخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِ٘ػخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُلي‬ ‫ٝحالٟطَحرخص‬ ٖ‫حُلظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكيع‬ َ
‫طـ٘ذ‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ٤ٓ ً‫ا‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫طٌِٜٔٔخ‬ ٖ٣ٌُِ‫ح‬ ‫ٝحُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫حُللع‬ ١ٍ‫هَح‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝٓط‬ ً‫ال‬‫ك‬
‫كوٞم‬ ٕٜٞ٣ٝ ٚ‫كوٞه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُللخظ‬ ‫ُِ٠ل٤ش‬ ً‫ال‬‫ك‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬
.‫حُٔـظٔغ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ َ‫طؼظز‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رٌٜٞٗخ‬ ْٔ‫طظ‬ َٜ‫حُل‬ َ٤‫ٓز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓليىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿ٘ل‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْٜ٣ٝ
ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬‫ُظلو٤ن‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍَٟٝ ْٛ‫ٍٟخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫أ١َحكٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٛ‫حُظخ‬ ‫ٍَٟٛخ‬ َٜ‫ٝ٣وظ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬
.‫حُٜٔخُلش‬
‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٚ‫ٝهٞػ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ظؤًي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫رَٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ه٤ي‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ٍٙ‫اهَح‬ َ‫هز‬ ْٜ‫ٝىكخػ‬
52.)
2ٛ‫ط‬ ‫إٚمبف‬ .ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ ‫ز‬
ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ٣ ،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝطَكغ‬ ‫حألكَحى‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طوغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِ٘حػخص‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٕ‫ا‬
‫حُِ٘حع‬ ٢‫١َك‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫حُوخثٔش‬ ‫حإلٗٔخٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُؼالهخص‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫حُظؤػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػَٟٜخ‬
.‫رخُـش‬ ‫أٛٔ٤ش‬ ‫ًح‬ ٢‫حإلؿظٔخػ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ‫ال‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ‫هخٛش‬
٢‫حُظ‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٍٝؿزش‬‫ٓؼٜخ‬ ‫طظلون‬ ‫ال‬ ٍ‫أَٟح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ١‫٣ئى‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫آُ٤ش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫أكيع‬ ‫كوي‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬483‫رٔوظ٠خٛخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬
‫طو‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ َ٤ٓ ‫رب٣وخف‬‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚٓ‫ي‬
ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ‫١َأص‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓٞحِٛش‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬
.َٙ٤‫ٝؿ‬ ّ‫ًخُظوخى‬ ١ٞ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫رؤكي‬ ‫حٗو٠ض‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
ٖ٣‫حُظؼخ‬ َ‫ك٠خث‬ ‫ٝاًًخء‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ٢‫حَُٝحر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٠‫ٝطظٞه‬
.‫ٝحُظٔخٓق‬
3.‫انًخبنفبد‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انؼبيخ‬ ‫نهُٛبثخ‬ ٘‫انزُفٛذ‬ ‫انظُذ‬
‫ؿ٤زش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫كن‬ ‫ُِو٠خس‬ ٢‫طؼط‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ً‫ال‬ٞٔ‫ٓؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕ‫ا‬
ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
ٓ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫٣٠ؼ٘خ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬‫طٔظِٜي‬ ‫ٝٓؼويس‬ ‫١ٞ٣ِش‬ ‫ٔطَس‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫(حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫أ١َحف‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫كخثو‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٝٓـٜٞى‬ ً‫ال‬٣ٞ١ ً‫خ‬‫ٝهظ‬–‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ًظخرش‬–َ٤ًٝ
‫حُِٔي‬–٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬–ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫٣ِٔي‬ ‫رٔ٤طش‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫رٜي‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٢ٜ‫ُ٤٘ظ‬ )٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫كن‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٚ٤ِ‫طو‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حٓظٜيف‬ ‫ٝهي‬‫حُٔـٜٞىحص‬ ٍ‫ٝحهظِح‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘ٞع‬
‫ال‬ ‫ؿِحك٤ش‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ‫حهظَحف‬ ‫كن‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٝٓ٘ق‬ ،ُٙ‫إلٗـخ‬ ‫ط٘لن‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔخى٣ش‬ ‫حُزَ٘٣ش‬
َٝ‫طؼ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫ُِٔوخُلش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬

12. -23-
،‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫حُل٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫ُِزض‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫حالهظَحف‬ ٕ‫كب‬ َ‫ٝرخُٔوخر‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٟٚ‫طؼ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُٔوخُق‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ ً‫ال‬‫هخر‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬486٠ُ‫ا‬
493.)
48‫انجزًٚخ‬ ‫ٔيحبرثخ‬ ‫انًجزًغ‬ ‫حًبٚخ‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انؼبيخ‬ ‫انُٛبثخ‬ ‫دٔر‬ .
‫كيٝى‬ َ‫ػز‬ ‫ٗزٌخطٜخ‬ ‫أٗ٘طش‬ ‫ٝحٓظيحى‬ ‫أٓخُ٤زٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ‫ٝطِح٣ي‬ ٢ٓ‫ُظ٘خ‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٗظ‬
ٍٝ‫حُي‬‫حألرلخع‬ ُ‫اٗـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُظؤه‬ ١‫طلخى‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬َٛ‫ٝك‬ .‫حُلي٣ؼش‬ ‫حُظٌُ٘ٞٞؿ٤خ‬ َ‫ُٞٓخث‬ ‫ٝحٓظـالُٜخ‬
‫ؿخء‬ ‫كوي‬ ،ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٍ‫كَح‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٝحُل٤ُِٞش‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٍٞ‫طو‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬
ٖٓ ‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫ٟٝز‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫إلػزخص‬ ‫أىُش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ )‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫(ٝهخ‬
،ْٜ‫ٓلخًٔظ‬ َ‫أؿ‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ
8‫انحذٔد‬ ‫ٔإغالق‬ ‫انظفز‬ ‫جٕاس‬ ‫طحت‬ )‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝٛ٤جش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُٔظخكش‬ ‫ُإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬293ٌٖٔ٣ ،
ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫طٔلذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬
ٔ٣ٝ،ً‫ح‬‫ٝحكي‬ ً‫ح‬َٜٗ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٜٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٝطـِن‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫ُـخ٣ش‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٌٖ
ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫ٝ٣٘ظ‬ ،ٚٓ‫اطٔخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظٔزذ‬ ٞٛ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬
‫رللع‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ربكخُش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حإلؿَحء‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬51ٝ5:.)
ٔ‫ر‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ُألؿِٜس‬ ‫٣ظ٤ق‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِظؼزض‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬ ‫كَٛش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٌخكلش‬
‫أٝٓغ‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٖٓ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ً‫ا‬ ٍ‫أكٞح‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٗخؿؼ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ُِٔ٘ظز‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ َ‫ٝ٣ؼظز‬ ،‫حألىُش‬ ‫ٝؿٔغ‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ر٠ٔخ‬ ً‫ال‬٤‫ًل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼي‬ ،ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِيكخع‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٚ‫ٟٝؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓ
‫ة‬‫ٔرظجٛهٓب‬ ‫ثؼذ‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫االرصبل‬ ‫ثٕطبئم‬ ‫انًُجشح‬ ‫ٔاالرصبالد‬ ‫انًكبنًبد‬ ‫انزمبط‬ )
8‫ٔحجشْب‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ظٜخ‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫ٓوُٞش‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ
‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ
ُ‫رخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ُٚ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حَُِٔٓش‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫ًٝخكش‬ ‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫ظوخ‬
.ٚ‫َٝٓحهزظ‬ ٚ‫ِٓطظ‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ًُي‬ ْ‫ٝ٣ظ‬ .‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوظِلش‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ر٤ي‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫أٓخ‬ ٚ‫ٟٝٝؼ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫حٓظؼ٘خث‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ َٙ‫حػظز‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ُوطٍٞس‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٝٗظ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ‫ٝحٓظؼ٘خء‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓؼَٟٝش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ه٠٤ش‬
‫حإلؿ‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ٝٓالٓش‬ ٖ١‫حُٔٞح‬ ٖٓ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُوطٍٞس‬ ‫ٗي٣يس‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َحء‬
‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬ ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ .ٖ١ُٞ‫ح‬
‫رٌُي‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣زخى‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٍ‫حٗيػخ‬ ٖٓ ‫هٞكخ‬ َ٤‫حُظؼـ‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬

13. -24-
‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٝ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٌُ‫ٝح‬ ،ٍٞ
.‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫أٍرغ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
‫كٔخ٣ش‬ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫ٛخٍٓش‬ ‫رو٤ٞى‬ ٚ١‫ٝأكخ‬ ‫ىهش‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٌِٝٗ٤خص‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫كيى‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ٓوخُلظٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ َٝ‫ٝك‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫هالك‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫حٓظـال‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫كَٓش‬
ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬219٠ُ‫ا‬227.)
‫انمجض‬ ‫ثإنمبء‬ ‫دٔنٛخ‬ ‫أٔايز‬ ‫إصذار‬ )‫ط‬8
‫ٓ٘ق‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫ربُوخء‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ ‫حُٜالك٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞٝ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ػخثو‬ ٌَ٘‫ط‬ ‫حُ٘وطش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ُٝوي‬ .ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ُظطز٤ن‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٓلخٍرش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ال‬ٓ‫ًخ‬ ‫ُيٍٝٛخ‬ ‫أىحثٜخ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬.٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَحد‬ ‫َٓطٌزٞٛخ‬ ٍ‫ؿخى‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٌٛح‬ َ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػَٟٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬
َ٘ٗ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫٣ي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٟ‫رٔ٘ؤ‬ ِٕٞ‫٣ظ‬ ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٝحُٔ٘ظز‬ ‫حُـ٘خس‬ ٕ‫كب‬ َٓ‫حأل‬
‫حُٜؼ٤ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫طٜيٍٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ّ‫ُؼي‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ٗظ‬ ،٢ُٝ‫حُي‬
.َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫كن‬ ‫٣ٔ٘لٜخ‬ ‫َٛ٣ق‬ ٚٗ ‫ٝؿٞى‬
٠‫ٝ٣ظٞه‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ٕ‫حُٔخىطخ‬ ٚ‫ط٠ٔ٘ظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٠٠‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ51ٝ5:‫حُلؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬
.‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِؼيحُش‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬
‫ٔانًزٕطظ‬ ‫انجظٛظ‬ ‫نالَحزاف‬ ‫يالئًخ‬ ‫أجٕثخ‬ ‫رٕفٛز‬ 8ً‫ب‬َٛ‫صب‬
٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫ٌُؼَس‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫طئػ‬ ‫أٟلض‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،‫رخُـش‬ ‫هطٍٞس‬
‫ُِو٠خ٣خ‬ ٜٚ٤ٜ‫طو‬ ٢‫٣٘زـ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٝحُٞهض‬ ‫حُـٜي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝطٔظـَم‬ ،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ َٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝأىحء‬ َ٤ٓ
;ٖ٤‫آُ٤ظ‬ َ‫ػز‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿٞحر‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ٝع‬ ّ‫هي‬ ‫كوي‬ ،‫ٝحُ٘خثٌش‬ ‫حُٔؼويس‬
2‫حُلَى١؛‬ ‫.حُو٠خء‬
3.‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫.حأل‬
2‫انفزد‬ ‫انمضبء‬ 8١
١‫حُلَى‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫طـَرش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬‫حُو٠خء‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫٣ؼظ٘ن‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ع‬ َ‫ؿؼ‬ ‫حٗظوخى‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ َ٣‫طؼي‬ ٌ٘ٓ ٢‫حُـٔخػ‬2::4‫حُو٠خء‬ ٚ‫ُؼز‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حإل٣ـخر‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ٍ‫اٌٗخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ‫اال‬ ،
‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫حُٔطِٞرش‬ ‫رخَُٔػش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼي٣ي‬ ‫طٜل٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫١زن‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلوزش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ١‫حُلَى‬
‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ١‫حُلَى‬ ‫ُِو٠خء‬ ٚ٤٘‫رظز‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُزض‬
‫ٝكؼخُ٤ش‬ ‫َٓػش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٙ‫حُل‬ ٠‫طٞه‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ،٢‫كو‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫ٓـَى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫طَى‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ .‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘ٞع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓؼخُـش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬
‫حُ٘ٞع‬ ‫ٌُٜح‬ َ‫ٓ٤ٞك‬ ‫ٓٔخ‬ ،٢‫حُـٔخػ‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٜٔٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٖٓ َ‫أٝك‬ ‫كظخ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٖٓ
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٟٞ‫ٓٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخإل٣ـخد‬ ٌْ‫ٓظ٘ؼ‬ ‫حُؼ٘خ٣ش‬485.)
0‫انجُح‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ٙ‫انمضبئ‬ ‫األيز‬ 8
ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٢‫كو‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُزٔ٤طش‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫ٓزٔطش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أٝؿي‬
‫ر‬ ‫ػخرظش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫ٓطخُذ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٠٠‫ٔوظ‬

14. -25-
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫رؤىحء‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ٖٓ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٌٙٛ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ٝ .َ٣َ‫طو‬
‫رؼي‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘ٔخ‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ؿ٤زش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُزض‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫حُل٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫كَٛش‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٝ٣ظ٤ق‬ .ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬494.)
‫صُب‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫صبنض‬‫انزحمٛك‬ ‫ئٛخ‬
ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬
‫رٞؿٞى‬ ً‫خ‬٘٤ٍٛ ‫أٛزق‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ َ‫ٝٗو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫رخُـش‬ ‫أٛٔ٤ش‬ ٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ َ‫ؿؼ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ،ِٙ٤‫٣ـ‬ ‫َٛ٣ق‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ
‫ح‬ ْ‫ًخُـَحث‬‫٣ٔخػي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٞٛٝ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رٔٔطَس‬ ‫ُٓ٘ٔٞش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ،‫حُٞػخثن‬ َ٣ِٝ‫ٝط‬ ‫الهظٜخى٣ش‬
‫هي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫طو‬ ٕ‫رؤ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُ٘ق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ً‫خ‬ٌ٘ٔٓ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألرلخع‬ ‫ٗظخثؾ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٙٝ‫ري‬ َ‫أػ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ُوطٍٞس‬ َ‫ٝرخُ٘ظ‬‫كزٔخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ػوٞرظٜخ‬ َٜ‫ط‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٞ‫ؼ‬
.َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ْٔ‫ه‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ ٠٘‫٣ظز‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حَُٔطوذ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫َٓ٘ٝع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ‫ٝرخُ٘ظ‬
.‫حُوطٍٞس‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٞ‫ُزؼ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬
٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ١ٍ‫حالهظ٤خ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠‫أط‬ ‫كوي‬
‫ُِؼوٞرش‬ٙ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ ‫٣ٞؿذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِ٤‫٣ـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِـ٘ق‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
.‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ُٝظلو٤ن‬
ٓ‫حُٔئ‬ ٍ‫الٓظَٔح‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬ ‫ٔش‬
‫رحذ‬ ‫(انٕضغ‬ ٙ‫االحزٛبط‬ ‫نالػزمبل‬ ‫ثذائم‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫راثؼ‬)‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انًزالجخ‬
‫ُٔ٘ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ‫ال‬2:6:١ً ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫ُالػظوخ‬ َ٣‫ري‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬
‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝكؼخُش‬ ‫ٜٓٔش‬ ‫ري٣ِش‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤خص‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ًُي‬ َ‫٣ٞك‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،٢ٗ‫اٗٔخ‬ ‫رؼي‬
‫كو‬ ٕ‫ٟٝٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫إلؿَحءحص‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬‫ٞم‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ .‫حُيكخع‬
‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ َ٤ٓ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ ‫ا٣ـخى‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫اهَح‬ ٖٓ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠‫ٝ٣ظٞه‬
‫اٗٔخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حػظزخٍحص‬ ‫ُؼيس‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘ظوي‬ ‫أٛزق‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـٞء‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٝحؿظٔخػ٤ش‬26:‫ا‬٠ُ285.)
ٍ‫انطؼ‬ ‫طزق‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انجذٚذ‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫خبيظ‬
2‫انجُبٚبد‬ ‫غزف‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫انصبدرح‬ ‫انمزاراد‬ ‫اطزئُبف‬ 8
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ًْ‫٣لخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ‫ال‬–‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ُٞٝ–٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٟٞٓ
ٖ‫ٝحُٔـ‬ ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ‫ُلي‬ َٜ‫ط‬ ً‫خ‬ٓ‫أكٌخ‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ‫حُـَف‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،٢ٟ‫حُظوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ىٍؿش‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص؛‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ًٚٔ‫طلخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬
.٢‫كو‬ ‫رٔ٤طش‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫ٓظخرؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ُٞٝ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬

15. -26-
،٢ٟ‫حُظوخ‬ ‫ىٍؿخص‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ىٍؿظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُظٞك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫كن‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٚٗ‫أل‬ ‫ٓ٘ظوي‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ٌٝٛح‬
.‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫رٔزيأ‬ ْٔ٣ٝ
‫ؿخء‬ ‫كوي‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬٢‫ك‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫أ١َحف‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬
َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫ُِٔلخًٔش‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ِٓ٣ي‬ َ٤‫ُٝظٞك‬
ُ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ‫ٝأٍرؼش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ ِْ‫حُؼ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ .‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ُْٜ ‫٣ٔزن‬ ْ
‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫كب‬ ٖ٤ٟ‫حُٔظوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫ٝطوَ٣ذ‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ َ٤ٓ ٖٔ‫ُل‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫حالرظيحث‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬568.)
0‫أ‬ ‫ثبنجزاءح‬ ‫انمبضٛخ‬ ‫انجُبئٛخ‬ ‫انمزاراد‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫ثبنُمض‬ ٍ‫انطؼ‬ 8‫اإلػفبء‬ ٔ
‫اًح‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫٣ظ٤ق‬ ‫ال‬ ٢ُ‫حُلخ‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫ا‬
‫ال‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٞٛ ‫حُٟٞؼ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫حُٞك٤ي‬ ‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬ ،‫رخإلػلخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬ ‫ه٠ض‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫َٛكض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحؿٜظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫ططؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ربػل‬.ٚ‫خث‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ك٤غ‬ ‫حُٔٔخٝحس‬ ّ‫هي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّٜٞ‫حُو‬ ‫ط٠غ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ٌُٜٞٗخ‬ ،‫ٓ٘ظويس‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحُٞحهغ‬
‫ٓٔؼِش‬ ‫رٜلظٜخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫٣ظخف‬ ‫ال‬ ٝ ،ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
ٖٓ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزَحءس‬ ٖٓ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظلخىس‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝٓيحكؼش‬ ‫ُِٔـظٔغ‬
.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
‫ؿَكش‬ ‫هَحٍحص‬ ١َ‫طؼظ‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألهطخء‬ ‫ُظٜل٤ق‬ ‫حُلَٛش‬ ‫طظ٤ق‬ ‫ال‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ٢ٛٝ
٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬–‫كيٝػٜخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬–َّ‫حُـ‬ ‫كظخػش‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ‫حُؼوخد‬ ٖٓ ‫٣لِض‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫طـؼ‬
‫اال‬ ‫حُوطؤ‬ ‫اٛالف‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫٣ٞك‬ ‫ال‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔ‫ػ‬ ،ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔطٌذ‬
،‫حُٔزيث٤ش‬ ‫حُ٘خك٤ش‬ ٖٓٞ‫(حُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ٚ‫ٓلخًٔظ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رٔؼخهزش‬ ‫٣ٔٔق‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫ا‬
.)ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٠٠‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٠ِ‫طو‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٌُُٝي‬َٜ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓوٍَح‬687ٖٓ
ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬2:6:.
1‫انُظز‬ ‫ثإػبدح‬ ٍ‫انطؼ‬ 8
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢ٛ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أكيع‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
4
‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬‫كلخظ‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬
-‫رٍِٝ٣ظٜخ؛‬ ‫حػظَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫َٛف‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫ح‬‫حٓظ٘خى‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ‫ٟي‬
-‫ٓخى٣ش؛‬ ‫أهطخء‬ ‫طٜل٤ق‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ
-٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ َ‫أؿل‬ ‫اًح‬‫رٜخ؛‬ ٍ‫حٓظي‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُطِزخص‬ ‫أكي‬
4-‫كَ٣يس‬ ‫رٔخىس‬ ١ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ َ٣ِ٘‫حُظ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُؼزخٍس‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫ػزخٍس‬ ‫كِض‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ22.69ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.22.281‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٖٓ‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً2543(36َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122،)َ‫حُـ‬‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫٣يس‬‫ػيى‬6:9:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٌٍَٓ39‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(37َ‫أًظٞر‬3122)،ٙ6339.

16. -27-
-‫حُ٘وٞ؛‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ َ٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
-‫ٛزـش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗخٗجش‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ١ٞ‫رخُٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ‫حُوز‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٟي‬
‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍ‫حالٓظيال‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫١َ٣ن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛلظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬674ٝ675).
‫األحذاس‬ ‫نحًبٚخ‬ ٖ‫انكجز‬ ‫انزٕجٓبد‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫طبدط‬
ًِْٜٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٞٛ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٙ‫طٞهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜيف‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٟل٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـخٗق‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ َٜ‫٣و‬ ُْ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫اىٓخؿ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ‫روٜي‬
‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رٜخ‬ َٔٗ ‫ٝاٗٔخ‬ ،٢‫كو‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٖٓ ‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫ٛؼزش‬623
٠ُ‫ا‬628.)
‫ٝحُؼ٘خ٣ش‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫حُظ‬ ‫ٓزخىة‬ ‫حػظٔخى‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٚ‫ٓؼخُـظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ِٓي‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫ٛخىهض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼخٛيحص‬ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ّ‫ٝأكٌخ‬ َ‫ُِطل‬ ‫حإلٓالٓ٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ؼش‬ ‫أهَطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
،‫حُٜيف‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫ُزِٞؽ‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ػيس‬ َ‫ٝأه‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ
-٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٍكغ‬29‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬569‫)؛‬
-‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخػ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٝ‫ى‬ ٚ‫ٝاػطخث‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫اكيحع‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍٝ‫حُي‬ ْ٣ٌَ‫ُظ‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ،‫حألكيحع‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف؛‬
-‫ه٠خث‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ‫اكيحع‬ٝ‫هخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝؿٞر‬ ‫٣َأٜٓخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ُِ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓظوٜٜش‬ ‫٤ش‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ًَٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍ‫ؿَح‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ .‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫ٌِٓق‬
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ّ‫رٜٔخ‬ ‫٣٠طِغ‬578ٝ596ٖٓ ‫كجش‬ ٚ٤ٜ‫رظو‬ َ٤‫حُٔز‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ‫ٜٗؾ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .)
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ٖ٤‫ٌِٓل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬2:‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حٗٔـخٓخ‬ ،)
ٝ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ؿ٘ٞف‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حًُ٘ٔٞؿ٤ش‬ ٖ٤ٌ‫ر‬ ‫هٞحػي‬‫؛‬
-،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫أكيحع‬ ‫٣َطٌزٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ‫كن‬ ‫آ٘خى‬‫أٛزق‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
‫ٓلذ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ٓ ‫رب٣وخف‬ ‫حُٔطخُزش‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫ربٌٓخٜٗخ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬572‫)؛‬
-ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ٌ‫طؤه‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ‫ٝأٝؿي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٠‫ٍحػ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬
ٖ٤ٔ‫ٝطل‬ ًِٚٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫طو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّٞ‫ٝطو‬ ٠ِ٠‫حُل‬ ٚ‫ِٜٓلظ‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫أٝؿي‬ ‫هي‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ٚ‫ٝطٌٜ٣ز‬ ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٓظؼيىس‬ ‫ٝأٓخُ٤ذ‬ ‫آُ٤خص‬ ‫ٌُُي‬582
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫ٝطيحر‬592١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ّ‫ٝٗظخ‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ططَهض‬5:7٠ُ‫ا‬611.
‫ر‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿٔ٤ؼ‬ ‫حألٗظٔش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٝطٜيف‬‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٞٛ ّ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓطِذ‬ ‫ٝطلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝك٤يس‬ ‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ‫ِٞؽ‬
.‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫اىٓخؿ‬ ‫إلػخىس‬ ًِٚٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ‫حالٗلَحف‬ ٖٓ
َ٣‫ؿي‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَٝ ‫ٝحٌُلالء‬ ‫ٝحألٝٛ٤خء‬ ‫ح٥رخء‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أَٗى‬ ‫ٝهي‬
‫حُوٜٞٛ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ٝحُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٜٔخُق‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ‫رخُؼوش‬
‫حُٜٔظٔش‬.‫حُٜل٤ش‬ ‫حُظَر٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼالؽ‬ ‫حُٔؼيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٣ٌٞ‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُظَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُطلُٞش‬

17. -28-
‫ُو٠خس‬ ‫حُٔوُٞش‬ ‫حُٜالك٤ش‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٠‫ٝأػط‬
‫ٟٞثٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫أرلخع‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٜٝٓ٘ٔخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬«‫حطوخًٛخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬
‫اٗو‬ ٝ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ًٙ‫خ‬.»
،ْٜ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُللخظ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫هطٍٞس‬ ٢‫٣َحػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫٣لض‬ ُْٝ
٢‫ك‬ ،‫رلغ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ٠‫كؤػط‬
‫رٌٜح‬ َٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ٝال‬ .‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٜٚ‫ٓو‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬
‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬.‫ًُي‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ألُٝ٤خث‬ ‫حُليع‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ا٣ٌحء‬ ١‫ُظلخى‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ًَ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
571.)
ْٜ٘ٓ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رب٣يحع‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ٓٔق‬ ،ٍ‫حإل١خ‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ٝك‬23‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫حُظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٖ‫رخُٔـ‬ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .َٙ٤‫ؿ‬ َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١ٍَٟٝ َ٤‫ير‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ًِٚٞٓ ‫٣ٜيى‬ ‫هي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚ١‫حهظال‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كَٓش‬ ٕٞٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫ك‬ ‫حُلخُش‬
،‫حَُٗيحء‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍِٝ‫ٓؼ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ‫ؿ٘خف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫رخالكظلخظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٕ‫حإلٌٓخ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ َ٤ُِ‫رخ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓ٘لَى‬ ٚ‫ٝاروخث‬584.)
‫ح‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُـخٗق‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫هظ٠ض‬
ٞ‫طول‬ ‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ ً‫ال‬٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬ َ٤ِ‫رظؼ‬ ‫ِِٓٓش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
ٖٓ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫طِ٣ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حُٜ٘ق‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬21٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬26‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ٢ٕٛ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ593ٝ5:4.)
ْ‫ط‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ػخثِش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝأٝؿذ‬
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬571‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ ‫طٔض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ )586َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ )
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬611.)
‫أٝؿذ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬‫ٝكخكع‬ ،‫حَُٗيحء‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ًَٗخث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ه٠٤ظ‬ َٜ‫ك‬
‫(حُٔٞحى‬ ْٜ‫ر‬ ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ٝهٜٞٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔـالص‬ ‫َٝٓ٣ش‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ؿِٔخص‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
572ٝ587ٝ589ٝ616ٝ617ٝ618.)
،‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫١َم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚٗٝ
ٟ‫هخ‬ ٌٖٓٝ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٖٓ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢
‫(حُٔخىس‬ ٚ‫ِٜٓلظ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ‫حُليع‬612.)‫رؼيٛخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٚ‫أٝؿ‬ ٖٓٝ577ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ َ٘ٗ ‫ٓ٘غ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬
ٍٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٗ ًَ َ٘ٗ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ؿِٔخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬‫رٜٞ٣ش‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ‫ٍٛٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ
‫رؤ٣ش‬ ‫حُليع‬ ْٓ‫ال‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔٔخف‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٝٗوٜ٤ش‬
.ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬
ْٛ‫أ‬ َ‫ُٝؼ‬ ،ْٜ‫ٝكٔخ٣ظ‬ ًِْٜٞٓ ْ٣ٞ‫ٝطو‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ٠‫طٞه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ّٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٚ‫ط٠ٔ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓٔظـيحط‬623٠ُ‫ا‬628‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ‫ً٤ل٤ش‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حٛظٔض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ً‫خ‬٤َٓ‫ؿ‬ ً‫ال‬‫كؼ‬ ‫حٍطٌزٞح‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ٍ‫حأل١لخ‬

18. -29-
ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٛلظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ‫طٜيى‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ َ‫رلؼ‬ ٕٝ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ‫ٝاٗٔخ‬ ،٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ َ‫ُلؼ‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬ ‫ًخٗٞح‬ ‫ٝال‬
.‫حالٗلَحف‬ ‫كخكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫أهاله‬
‫ػ‬ َ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫ٓوٍَس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٌٙٛٝٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫ٓض‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َٙٔ
ٙ‫رؤٗوخ‬ ٚ١‫حهظال‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ َ‫ُِوط‬ ‫ٓؼَٟش‬ ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهاله‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘لٔ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُٛ٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزيٗ٤ش‬
،‫حإلؿَحٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٞحرن‬ ١ًٝ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓ٤َط‬ ‫رٔٞء‬ ٖ٤‫ٓؼَٝك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُالٗلَحف‬ ٖ٤َٟ‫ٓؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘لَك‬
ٓ ٍ‫حُلَح‬ ‫حػظخى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أُٝ٤خث‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫ٓخٍه‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ُٝ ‫اهخٓش‬ َ‫ٛـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓيٍٓظ‬ ٖ
.ٚ‫ر‬ َ‫٣ٔظو‬ ‫ٛخُق‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫٣ظٞك‬ ‫٣ؼي‬ ُْ
َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُٞحكي‬ ‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫ٝ٣لن‬
‫حُز٘ٞى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٖٓ2ٝ4ٝ5ٝ6ٝ7‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ582.
‫انؼمٕثخ‬ ‫رطجٛك‬ ‫يجبل‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انمضبء‬ ‫حضٕر‬ 8ً‫ب‬‫طبثؼ‬
ُٔٔ‫ح‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫ا‬‫ُٔ٘ش‬ ‫طَس‬2:6:.‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ْٜ‫ط‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ‫ال‬
٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ػٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫أكيع‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ُٝظيحٍى‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫اىٓخؽ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ‫طٔٔق‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ُظظزغ‬ ‫رخهظٜخٛخص‬ ‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ًَ
٤‫ٛالك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫أٓ٘يص‬ ‫ٝهي‬ .‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ ٢‫ك‬;‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫خص‬
-‫حألهَ؛‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ُ٣خٍس‬
-‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝطٔ٤٤َٛخ‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٟ‫ٓي‬ ‫طظزغ‬
‫حُظؤى٣ذ؛‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘خء‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫روخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
-ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ‫طظزغ‬‫هخٛش‬ ‫رطخهخص‬ ‫ٝٓٔي‬
‫رخُٔـ٘خء؛‬
-‫حالػظوخٍ؛‬ ‫ٓـالص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإل١الع‬
-‫ٝحُؼلٞ؛‬ ١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ٓوظَكخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬
-.٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظؤًي‬
‫ٝٛ٤خٗش‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ ْ٤‫طيػ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ‫اكيحع‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ُٝؼ‬
ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫ًَحٓش‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٠
ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ٢ٜ‫ط٘ظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫رخُٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫ِٛش‬ ٕ‫أل‬ ٢‫ح٣ـخر‬ ‫ٗ٢ء‬ ٞٛٝ
ٕ‫(حُٔخىطخ‬ ١ٍ‫اىح‬ ُ‫ؿٜخ‬ ‫ر٤ي‬ ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ُ٤ٜزق‬6:7ٝ751.)
ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُ‫اؿٔخ‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫كخكع‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫حُؼَ٣٠ش‬ ١ٞ‫حُوط‬ ْٛ‫أ‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ْٛ‫أ‬ ٠
ٜٙٞٗ ٌَٗ ٢‫ك‬ ‫أٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حؿظٜخىحص‬ ‫ػيس‬ ‫ٍٝٓن‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٌُٔظٔزخص‬
‫حُٔٞحػ٤ن‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخىُش‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ‫طوظ٠٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ‫ًخكش‬ ٍِٞ‫ٝر‬ ،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
.‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬
‫ٝٛ٤خؿظٜخ‬ ٚ‫ٓوظ٠٤خط‬ ‫طزٞ٣ذ‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫طل‬ ‫حٓظٜيف‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٕ‫كخ‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُ٘خك٤ش‬ ٖٓٝ
.‫ٝحٟلش‬ ‫ٛ٤خؿش‬

19. -2:-
٘‫انزًٓٛذ‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫انجزاءح‬ ‫لزُٚخ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
2
ٍَ‫رٔو‬ ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رَ٣جخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ‫رخٍطٌخد‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓ٘ظز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ ًَ
‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ًَ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬5
.
َٔ‫٣ل‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫حُ٘ي‬
‫انًذَٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫ٔانذػ‬ ‫انؼًٕيٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ ‫إلبيخ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
0
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ُظطز٤ن‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُلن‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫اهخٓش‬
‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫رخُظؼ‬ ‫ُِٔطخُزش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫انؼًٕيٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
1
ٍّ‫طٔخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬َ‫حُلخػ‬٢ِٛ‫حأل‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ٖ٤ٔٛ‫ٝحُٔٔخ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫ٝحُٔ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬
.‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬
ْ٤‫٣و‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝ٣ٔخٍٜٓخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ٕٞ‫حُٔٞظل‬ ‫٣و٤ٜٔخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬‫رٌُي‬.ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣و٤ٜٔخ‬‫حُطَف‬ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬‫١زوخ‬١َُِٝ٘‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
‫اًح‬ٍٞٓ‫ٓؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓٞظق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫أه٤ٔض‬
.‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫كظزِؾ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬
2
٢‫طٔو‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔٞص‬‫ٝر٘ٔن‬ َٓ‫حُ٘خ‬ ٞ‫ٝرخُؼل‬ ّ‫ٝرخُظوخى‬ ،‫حُٔظخرغ‬
،َ‫حُلؼ‬ َّ‫طـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫ٓو‬ ٍٝ‫ٝرٜي‬‫حًظٔذ‬ ٍَ‫هٞس‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ ‫رخُِٜق‬ ٢‫ٝطٔو‬ٚ٘٣‫َٛحكش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫ًُي‬
5-‫حُلوَس‬ َ‫حٗظ‬5َٖٜٓ‫حُل‬34ٍٖٓٞ‫حُيٓظ‬‫حُـي٣ي‬‫حُزَحءس‬ ‫هَ٣٘ش‬ " ;ٝٞٔ٠ٓ ‫ػخىُش‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬."ٕ‫ٗخ‬

20. -31-
‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ُِٔظخرؼش‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍَٟٝ ً‫خ‬١َٗ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٍُ‫رظ٘خ‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ٢‫طٔو‬
.‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ٘٣ ُْ
36
‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ٖ٤ٗ‫هٞح‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬;ٍَٝٔ‫ر‬
-‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ْٔ‫ه‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش؛‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
-‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫أٍرغ‬‫حُـ٘لش؛‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
-‫ٓ٘ش‬.‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬
ُٚٞٛ‫أ‬ ‫أكي‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫حٍطٌز‬ ٢َٓ‫ؿ‬ ‫الػظيحء‬ َٝ‫ٝطؼ‬ ً‫ح‬َٛ‫هخ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ُٚ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔيس‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫حَُٔ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣زيأ‬ ّ‫حُظوخى‬ ‫أٓي‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ِٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫رِٞؽ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫طوخىٜٓخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘خٗجش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬ ‫ال‬
َ٘ٗ ْ‫ٝط‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛخىهض‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حطلخه٤ش‬.‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ ‫ٛخ‬
47
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ ‫أٓي‬ ‫٣٘وطغ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫حُٔلخًٔش‬،ٚ‫ر‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬.ّ‫ُِظوخى‬ ‫هخ١ؼخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َٙ‫٣ؼظز‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌَ‫ٝر‬
‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫ٍكغ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬.
‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫َٓكِش‬ ٍ‫هال‬‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬ ٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫حإلػيحى‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬.
ً‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ‫٣وٜي‬ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٙ‫طظو‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ ،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٔش‬
.ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬ ‫ىٍحٓظٜخ‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حالٗوطخع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ١َٔ٣‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ِْٜٔ٘٣ ُْ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬
.‫حُٔلخًٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
١َٔ٣َ‫أؿ‬‫ؿي٣ي‬ّ‫ُِظوخى‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬َ‫آه‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حٗوطغ‬ٚ‫ر‬،ٙ‫أٓي‬ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ٚ‫ٓيط‬
‫ٓٔخٝ٣ش‬‫ُِٔيس‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
6-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬6ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬33.12ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬2.22.27:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:ٖٓ‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً
2543(28َ‫أًظٞر‬3122،)‫ػي‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ى‬6::1‫رظخٍ٣ن‬3:‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(38َ‫أًظٞر‬3122،)ٙ
6346.
7-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬7ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

21. -32-
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫طَؿغ‬ ‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫حٓظلخُش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫طظٞهق‬
.ٚٔ‫ٗل‬
ٖٓ ٢‫رو‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ١ٝ‫طٔخ‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حالٓظلخُش‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫طَطلغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ّ‫حُظوخى‬ ‫٣زيأ‬
.ٚ‫طٞهل‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫أٓي‬
‫انًذَٛخ‬ ٖٕ‫انذػ‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
5
‫٣َؿغ‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُ٘خطؾ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫ُِظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٓوخُلش‬ٌََُٖٓٝ‫طؼ‬ٍَ٠ُ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬٢ٗ‫ؿٔٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫ٓخى‬ٝ‫أ‬١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
.‫ٓزخَٗس‬
‫هي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬ ً‫خ‬‫١َك‬ ‫ط٘ظٜذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٓ٘لؼش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫أٜٗخ‬ ِٖ‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ُِـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٌٖٔ٣
٘ٓ ‫أٍرغ‬ ٌ٘ٓ ‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫طؤٓٔض‬‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،٢َٓ‫حُـ‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ َ‫هز‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٞحص‬
ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬
.٢ٓ‫حألٓخ‬ ‫هخٜٗٞٗخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٛظٔخٜٓخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِيُٝش‬‫ُِٝـٔخػخص‬‫حُٔلِ٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طظوي‬‫رٜلظٜخ‬‫١َكخ‬،‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬‫َٓطٌذ‬ ‫ُٔطخُزش‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
ٕ‫رؤ‬‫٣َى‬‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫١ِذ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ىكؼٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ُٔٞظل‬١ٌُٝ ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ‫كوٞه‬‫١زوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬١ٍ‫حُـخ‬ٚ‫ر‬
.َٔ‫حُؼ‬
6
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُلخػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤٤ِٛ‫حأل‬ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حٍطٌخد‬‫ٟٝي‬ ،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ْٜ‫ٍٝػظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٤ُٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬.ْٜ٘‫ػ‬
7
ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٟٞ‫ٝحُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬
‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓٞحء‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬‫ٗوٜخ‬‫ًحط٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓؼ٘ٞ٣خ‬‫هخٟؼخ‬
ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬‫ًٔخ‬ .٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٚ‫طوظ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ٙ‫ألٗوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫حُٔٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫ٗخطـش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَٟ‫طٔززض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬َٖٓ‫ٝٓخث‬.َ‫حُ٘و‬
22
ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٓ٘لِٜش‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٞهق‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬ٌٟٙٛٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌْ‫ك‬٢‫ٜٗخث‬
٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫طٔض‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬

22. -33-
22
‫٣و٤ٜٔخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٙ‫ىػٞح‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ُِطَف‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ال‬
.‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬
‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫أكخُض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ًُي‬ ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫كٌٜٔخ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ‫هز‬.‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٢‫ك‬
20
،ً‫خ‬‫ٓؼ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫ٝحُيػ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫ٝهٞع‬‫ٓزذ‬٢‫ٓٔو‬ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫٣ظَى‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬،‫هخثٔش‬٠‫ٝطزو‬‫هخٟؼش‬ٙ‫الهظٜخ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬
21
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِطَف‬ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬٠ِ‫٣ظو‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٙ‫ىػٞح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٜخُق‬‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍُ‫٣ظ٘خ‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫حٗوطخع‬َ٤ٟٓٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫طٞهلٜخ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ٓوطض‬ٌٟٙٛٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ططز٤وخ‬
‫ُِلوَس‬‫حُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حَُحرؼش‬483.ٙ‫رؼي‬
22
ّ‫طظوخى‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِوٞحػي‬ٍٞٔ‫حُٔؼ‬‫رٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
‫اًح‬‫طوخىٓض‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫اال‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬

23. -34-
‫ٔيؼبُٚزٓب‬ ‫انجزائى‬ ٍ‫ػ‬ ٘‫انزحز‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫ٔانزحمٛك‬ ‫انجحش‬ ‫طزٚخ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
23
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬.‫َٓ٣ش‬ ‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ َٟ‫طـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬
ًَٚ‫ٗو‬ْٛ‫٣ٔخ‬٢‫ك‬‫اؿَحء‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ِِّٕٓ‫رٌظٔخ‬َُٔ‫ح‬٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٖٟٔ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
‫ٝطلض‬‫١خثِش‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انشزطخ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
24
ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ّ‫ٜٓخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُو٠خس‬١‫ٝحُ٠زخ‬ٕٞ‫ٝحُٔٞظل‬ٕ‫ٝحألػٞح‬ٕٞ٘٤‫حُٔز‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬
.ْٔ‫حُو‬
َ٤ٔ٣َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬.ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬
25
‫طٟٞغ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬‫طلض‬‫ِٓطش‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬
‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬
.‫حُزخد‬
26
‫ٝهٞع‬ ٖٓ ‫رخُظؼزض‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِز٤خٗخص‬ ‫طزؼخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬
.‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُزلغ‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫حألىُش‬ ‫ٝؿٔغ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َٓ‫ٝأٝح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خء‬ ‫ٝاٗخرخص‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ّٞ‫طو‬
27
ٟ‫رخإل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ْ٠‫ط‬٢ٟ‫ٝهخ‬ ‫ٝٗٞحرٜٔخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝٝ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫خكش‬
;‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫ٓخ‬ ً‫خ‬١‫ٟزخ‬ ْٜ‫رٞٛل‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ;‫أٝال‬

24. -35-
‫رخألكيحع؛‬ ٖ٤‫حٌُِٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ;ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ػخ‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٕ‫أػٞح‬ ;ً‫خ‬‫ػخُؼ‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْٜ‫ر‬ ٢٤٘٣ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫ٝحألػٞح‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔٞظل‬ ;ً‫خ‬‫ٍحرؼ‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ّ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬
02
َٔ‫٣ل‬‫ٛلش‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬;‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
-َ٣‫حُٔي‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ٖٓ‫ُأل‬٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬‫ٝٝالس‬ٕٞ‫ٝحَُٔحهز‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ٕٞٓ‫حُؼخ‬‫ٝػٔيحء‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫ٟٝزخ١ٜخ؛‬
-١‫ٟزخ‬‫حُيٍى‬٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ًٝٝٝ‫حَُطذ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٕٞ٤ًٍ‫حُي‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ُٕٞٞ‫٣ظ‬‫ه٤خىس‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كَهش‬
ًَِٓ‫ُِيٍى‬٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬‫١٤ِش‬‫ٓيس‬ٌٙٛ‫حُو٤خىس؛‬
-.‫ٝحُوٞحى‬ ‫حُزخٗٞحص‬
-‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ٕٞٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٕٞ‫ٝحَُٔحهز‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ ‫ٝٝالس‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَحد‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫إلىحٍس‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٣‫حُٔي‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ،‫حإلىحٍس‬ ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ‫ٟٝزخ١ٜخ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫ٝػٔيحء‬
219ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ8
.
;‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫ٛلش‬ َ٣ٞ‫طو‬ ٌٖٔ٣
-ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ه٠ٞح‬ ٖٔٓ ،٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫ُأل‬ ٖ٤‫حُظخرؼ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢٘‫ُٔلظ‬
‫حُيحهِ٤ش؛‬ َ٣ُٝٝ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٖٓ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ‫ٓ٘ظَى‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫حُٜلش‬
-‫ٝػ٤٘ٞح‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫رخُيٍى‬ ‫حُويٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ه٠ٞح‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٖ٤٤ًٍ‫ُِي‬
‫ٓ٘ظَى‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫حٓٔ٤خ‬.٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫رخُيكخع‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٝ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٖٓ
02
َٗ‫٣زخ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬29.
ٕٞ‫٣ظِو‬‫حٌُ٘خ٣خص‬َٕٝ‫ٝ٣ـ‬ ‫ٝحُٞٗخ٣خص‬‫حألرلخع‬،‫حُظٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬‫١زوخ‬١َُُِٜٝ٘ٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ْٖٓٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬٢‫ح٥ط‬.ٙ‫رؼي‬
ٍٕٞٓ‫٣ٔخ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔوُٞش‬ُْٜ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ْٖٓٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬
٢‫ح٥ط‬ٙ‫رؼي‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ْ‫حُظِز‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫ؿ٘لش‬
‫ال‬ ‫ُٜـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُـش‬ ‫٣ظليع‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔظٔغ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ْ‫رٔظَؿ‬ ‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٕٞ٘٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣لٜٔ٘خ‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬ ٖٔ
8-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬31ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

25. -36-
َ٠‫رخُٔل‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٕ‫حُٔٔظؼخ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ‫حُٔظَؿ‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬ ،‫أرٌٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٛٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢٠ٔ٣ٝ
‫٣لن‬ُْٜٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِظٔٔٞح‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬‫ٓٔخػيس‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬.ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬
009
٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظَحر٤ش‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٗطخم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حهظٜخٛخط‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ُٕٞٝ‫٣ِح‬
.ْٜ‫ٝظخثل‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬
ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣‫ًُي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حٓظيػض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٔخٍٓٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬
.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ‫ًُي‬ ْٜ٘ٓ ‫١ِزض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫أٗلخء‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٍ‫حالٗظوخ‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ‫ٌٓخٗ٤خ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫رل‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫ٌٓخٗ٤خ‬ ٚ‫ٓوظ‬ ‫َٗ١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٍٞ٠.
ُْٜ ‫٣وُٜٞخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜالك٤خص‬ ‫ًخكش‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
،‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ْٜٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ َٔ٘٣ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َٗ١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍ‫رخٗظوخ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ًٌُٝي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طَ٘ف‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـٜش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫حٗظوِٞح‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ٚ‫ٓوظ‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َٗ١ش‬ ٢‫ر٠خر‬ ‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬ ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫ىحثَطٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬
.‫ٌٓخٗ٤خ‬
‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬ ‫٣ٔظي‬ ،‫َُِ٘١ش‬ َ‫ىٝحث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٓؤٔش‬ ‫ك٠َ٣ش‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬
.‫حُيحثَس‬ ‫ٓـٔٞع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حُيٝحث‬ ٌٙٛ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬ ٖ٤ٍٓ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
١‫حُ٠زخ‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ‫ألكي‬ ‫كيع‬ ‫اًح‬.ٚٓ‫ٓوخ‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ‫ٓـخٍٝس‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣ٌِق‬ ،‫ٓخٗغ‬
‫ط٘ل٤ٌح‬ ‫٣طَأ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ٝح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَحص‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬
20010
َ٣ُُٞ ‫ٓ٘ظَى‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ‫ؿٜٞ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ١٘٤ش‬ ‫كَم‬ ‫اٗ٘خء‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُِٔطش‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬.‫حُلَهش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫اىحٍ٣خ‬ ‫حَُٔ٘كش‬
.‫حُزلغ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طَ٘ف‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ٤٤ٔ‫ُظ‬ ‫حُلَم‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طو٠غ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬ ‫طؼٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫١ز٤ؼش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫٣َأٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓوظِلش‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫ُـٜخص‬ ٕٞٔ‫٣٘ظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ ‫طظؤُق‬ ‫ٓ٘ظًَش‬ ‫كَهش‬
‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.َٝ‫حُـ‬ ‫ٌُٜح‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬
9-ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬33ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
10-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬2-33ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

26. -37-
01
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣لٍَٝح‬َٟ‫ٓلخ‬‫رٔخ‬ِٙٝ‫أٗـ‬ٖٓ‫ػِٔ٤خص‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬
‫٣وزَٝح‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬‫كٍٞح‬ ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔخ‬َٜ٣٠ُ‫ا‬ِْٜٔ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫ؿ٘خ٣خص‬
.‫ٝؿ٘ق‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫رٔـَى‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،ْٜ‫ػِٔ٤خط‬‫٣ٞؿٜٞح‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًٝ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ٍٞٛ‫أ‬َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣لٍَٜٝٗخ‬‫َٓكوش‬ٖ٤‫ر٘ٔوظ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬
‫ٜٓ٘ٞى‬‫رٔطخروظٜٔخ‬،َٛ‫ُأل‬‫ًٌٝح‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬.‫رٜخ‬
‫طٟٞغ‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ٍٖٛ‫اٗخٍس‬َ٤ًٝ.‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤٘‫ط‬َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ُٔلٍَٛخ‬‫ٛلش‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
02
‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣لٍَٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حٌُٔظٞرش‬ ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ ٞٛ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬
ٖٓ ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طَٜ٣لخص‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫طِوخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٘٣‫ػخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫٣٠ٜٔ٘خ‬ ٝ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
.ٚٛ‫الهظٜخ‬ ‫طَؿغ‬ ‫ػِٔ٤خص‬
ٕٝ‫ى‬ٜٙٞٗ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٓٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫رخُز٤خٗخص‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬
ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬ ،ٚ‫ٝطٞه٤ؼ‬ ِٚٔ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬ ٚ‫ٝٛلظ‬ ٍَٙ‫ٓل‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ ‫هخٛش‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ‫هخٛش‬
ُ‫اٗـخ‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ‫طوخُق‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ َ٣َ‫طل‬ ‫ٝٓخػش‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ُ‫اٗـخ‬ ‫ٝٓخػش‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬
.‫حإلؿَحء‬
ُ‫ح‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫طؼَ٣ل‬ ‫رطخهش‬ ْ‫ٍٝه‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔظٔغ‬ ٚ‫٘و‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫أٓجِش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫٣َى‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألؿٞرش‬ ٚ‫ٝطَٜ٣لخط‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬
ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫رٔ٘ظز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
.ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬
٠‫رخُٔل‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٠ِ‫طظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬ ‫حَُٜٔف‬ ‫٣وَأ‬٢‫ٟخر‬ ٕٝ‫٣ي‬ ْ‫ػ‬ َ
٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤٘٣ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حَُٜٔف‬ ‫٣زي٣ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔالكظخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظـ٤٤َحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلٟخكخص‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
.‫ٝؿٞىٛخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬
‫حُظَٜ٣لخص‬ ‫ػوذ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫ؿخٗذ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حَُٜٔف‬ ‫٣ٞهغ‬
ٚ‫رٜٔظ‬ ‫٣٠غ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُظخرش‬ ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ‫ال‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .ٙ‫٣ي‬ ٢‫رو‬ ٚٔٓ‫ح‬ ٕٝ‫ٝ٣ي‬ ‫حإلٟخكخص‬ ‫ٝرؼي‬
.َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬
.‫ٝحإلكخالص‬ ‫حُظ٘ط٤زخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحَُٜٔف‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣ٜخىم‬
‫ٓغ‬ ،ٚ‫حٓظطخػظ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلرٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬
.‫ًُي‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬

27. -38-
03
ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬;ْٛ
;‫أٝال‬ٞ‫ٓٞظل‬‫حُٜٔخُق‬‫حُؼخِٓش‬‫َُِ٘١ش؛‬
ٕٞ٤ًٍ‫حُي‬ ;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫ُ٤ٔض‬ُْٜ‫ٛلش‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬
.‫حُوٞحى‬ ‫ٝهِلخء‬ ‫حُزخٗٞحص‬ ‫هِلخء‬ ;ً‫خ‬‫ػخُؼ‬
04
١‫ط٘خ‬ٕ‫رؤػٞح‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ّ‫حُٜٔخ‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬
;‫أٝال‬‫ٓٔخػيس‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬‫ٜٓخْٜٓ؛‬
;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬ٍ‫اهزخ‬ْٜ‫ٍإٓخث‬ٖ٣َٗ‫حُٔزخ‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طزِؾ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ػِْٜٔ؛‬
;‫ػخُؼخ‬‫ؿٔغ‬ًَ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬‫حُٔئى٣ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬،‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬‫ٝكوخ‬َٓ‫ألٝح‬ْٜ‫ٍإٓخث‬
ّ‫ٝٗظخ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٕٞٔ‫٣٘ظ‬.‫اُ٤ٜخ‬
05
ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ٞ‫ٓٞظل‬ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬‫حإلىحٍحص‬‫ٝحَُٔحكن‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫طٔ٘ي‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ٞ‫رؼ‬ّ‫ٜٓخ‬
‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٜٙٞٗ،‫هخٛش‬ٌّٙٛ‫حُٜٔخ‬‫كٔذ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ٖٟٔٝ‫حُليٝى‬‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬
٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ.ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬
06
‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫أ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫ُِٞح‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
ٗ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،٢‫حُوخٍؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ِ‫حُيحه‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِظؼزض‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫و‬
َ‫٣وز‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫رٌُي‬ ّ‫رخُو٤خ‬ ٖ٤ٜ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ربكخُش‬
َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫رٌُي‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُلن‬ ‫ٌُٜح‬ ُٚ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬ ‫حألٍرغ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ُٚ ٠ِ‫٣ظو‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ُٚ ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ٝ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َُِ٘ٝع‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬
.ٞ‫حُوز‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫أُو‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬
٠‫طِو‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬‫أَٓح‬َ٤‫رخُظٔو‬ٖٓٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬
َٓ‫حُؼخ‬‫ػٔال‬‫رخُٔوظ٠٤خص‬،ٙ‫أػال‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ًَ‫ٓٞظق‬‫رِؾ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ِ‫رلـ‬‫ػٔال‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬

28. -39-
،‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫ُظِي‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬َ‫٣وز‬‫رٌُي‬‫كٍٞح‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٖٓٙ‫حهظٜخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬،‫حُؼٌَٔ٣ش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬‫رخُيكخع‬َٓ‫ٝطؤ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬‫كٍٞح‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬
٠‫حُِٔو‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬ْٛٝ٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬‫ٝطلض‬.‫حُلَحٓش‬
07
‫طَحهذ‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬١‫ٟزخ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
.‫حُٜلش‬ ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ْٜ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٛخىٍس‬
12
َ٤‫٣ل‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
ًٍَ‫اهال‬‫٣٘ٔذ‬١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٚٓ‫ه٤خ‬.ٚٓ‫رٜٔخ‬
12
‫حُـَكش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬‫رؼي‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫اكخُش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ْ٣‫ٝطوي‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬
‫ُِِٔي‬ٚ‫ُِٔظٔٔخط‬‫ربؿَحء‬ ،‫حٌُظخر٤ش‬‫رلغ‬‫ٝطٔظٔغ‬ٍ‫ألهٞح‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞد‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬
.ٍ‫حإلهال‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬‫ُال١الع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ِٓل‬‫حُٔلظٞف‬ُٚ‫رخُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫ٟخرطخ‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬.ٚ‫ُٔٔخػيط‬
10
‫حُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٕٞ٣ٍ‫حإلىح‬ ٙ‫ٍإٓخإ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ظوٌٛخ‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٟ‫اكي‬
-‫ٓالكظخص؛‬ ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬
-ُ٘‫ح‬ ّ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حُظٞه٤ق‬‫ٝحكيس؛‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َ١ش‬
-.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ّ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٖٓ ٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬ ‫حُظـَ٣ي‬
.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ،‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣

29. -3:-
11
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫حٍطؤص‬ ‫اًح‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حٍطٌذ‬،‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫أَٓص‬‫ػالٝس‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬ًًٍَ‫ربٍٓخ‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬.‫ُِِٔي‬
12
‫طزِؾ‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٔظوٌس‬‫ٟي‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬،‫حُٔخروش‬٠ُ‫ا‬
ِْ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬٢‫حُظ‬ٕٞٔ‫٣٘ظ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫رٔزخىٍس‬َٖٓ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬.‫ُِِٔي‬
13
‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُلَع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔٞظل‬ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬‫حإلىحٍحص‬‫ٝحَُٔحكن‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ُْٜٞ‫طو‬ٜٙٞٗ‫هخٛش‬ٞ‫رؼ‬ّ‫ٜٓخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٍٕٞٓ‫٣ٔخ‬ٌٙٛ،ّ‫حُٜٔخ‬
‫كٔذ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ٖٟٔٝ‫حُليٝى‬‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ.ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬
‫انؼبيخ‬ ‫انُٛبثخ‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
14
٠ُٞ‫طظ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٝ ‫اهخٓش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫َٝٓحهزظٜخ‬‫ٝططخُذ‬‫رظطز٤ن‬
،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ُٜٝخ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬‫حُلن‬ ‫ٜٓخٜٓخ‬٢‫ك‬َ٤‫طٔو‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.‫ٓزخَٗس‬
15
َ‫طٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٟ‫ُي‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬َ٠‫ٝطل‬ ‫ُؿَ٣ش‬‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٛ٤جخص‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬
‫حُ٘طن‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬.‫رل٠ٍٞٛخ‬
ّٞ‫طو‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوخٓش‬ ‫رخُٔظخرؼخص‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬ ٖ٤‫حُظخرؼ‬ ٕ‫حألػٞح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔٞظل‬ٕٞٔ‫٣٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلىحٍس‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬
.‫اُ٤ٜخ‬
َٜٔ‫ط‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
16
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬،‫ًظخر٤ش‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِظؼِ٤ٔخص‬٢‫حُظ‬،‫طظِوخٛخ‬ٖٟٔ
١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬62.٢ٛٝ‫كَس‬٢‫ك‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حُٔالكظخص‬‫حُ٘لٜ٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬َٟ‫ط‬
‫أٜٗخ‬‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬‫ُلخثيس‬.‫حُؼيحُش‬

30. -41-
17
٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َ‫٣ٔؼ‬‫ىحثَس‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬
،‫رٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٍّ‫ٝ٣ٔخ‬
‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬١‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬.ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬
‫حُوٞس‬ َ٤‫طٔو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ِٓحُٝش‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ُٚٝ ،ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ِٓطظ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬
.‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫رخُـ٘خ٣خص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طزِؾ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ِٚٔ‫ػ‬‫ًٌٝح‬‫رٔوظِق‬
‫حألكيحع‬ْ‫ٝحُـَحث‬‫حُوط٤َس‬٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬.ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ٖٓ‫رخأل‬ َ‫طو‬
22
‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠‫٣ظِو‬َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬‫ٝحٌُ٘خ٣خص‬‫ٝحُٞٗخ٣خص‬ٌ‫ٝ٣ظو‬‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫٣َح‬ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ٓالث‬.
‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ٢‫َٓطٌز‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫رٔزخَٗس‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ َٗ‫٣زخ‬
.ْٜ‫ٝٓظخرؼظ‬ ْٜٔ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ْٜ‫ر٠زط‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬
‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ،ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ،‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ‫٣لن‬
.ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ٝاُوخء‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬
‫ٝٝٗخ‬ ‫ٌٝٗخ٣خص‬ َٟ‫ٓلخ‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫٣ظِوخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ،‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ٌٙ‫٣ظو‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬ ‫٣خص‬
‫حُظَحؿغ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ىحث‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٍَ‫رٔو‬ ‫رللظٜخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬
.ٚ٘‫ػ‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ‫روٜي‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ُظِي‬ ّ‫٣وي‬
‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْٓ‫رخ‬ ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫رظطز٤ن‬ ‫٣طخُذ‬٢
.‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طزض‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫ٓل٠َٛخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظ٠ٔ٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫طٜ٘ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ،‫ٛخُلش‬ ‫٣َحٛخ‬
.‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ َٔ‫٣ٔظؼ‬
‫اؿَحء‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٌْ‫ك‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤خُس‬ ‫رخٗظِحع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
ُ‫ح‬ ‫ٝاٍؿخع‬ ‫حُل٤خُس‬ ‫ُلٔخ٣ش‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ٓالث‬ ٙ‫٣َح‬ ٢‫طللظ‬‫ٌٛح‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫لخُش‬
‫ػالػش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظَكغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٍكؼض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬
.ٚ‫اُـخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ٣‫طؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫ُظؤ٣٤ي‬ َ‫حألًؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ٟزطض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ؿي٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خُػش‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
ُٖٔ ‫حُزلغ‬.‫ُِٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُٔ ‫الُٓش‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ‫ٝٓوٍَحص‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٝه٠خء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٔ٣
‫٣ؼخه‬ ‫رـ٘لش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ُٚ ‫٣لن‬َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ٖ٤‫رٔ٘ظ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ذ‬–‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬
١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬–ُ٘‫ح‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٓلذ‬ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٝاؿالم‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٚ‫و‬

31. -42-
‫اًح‬ ،١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .ً‫ح‬‫ٝحكي‬ ً‫ح‬َٜٗ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬
.ٚٓ‫اطٔخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظٔزذ‬ ٞٛ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫ربكخُش‬ ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝٓلذ‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫اؿالم‬ ١‫اؿَحء‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫٣٘ظ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫إلؿالم‬ ‫كي‬ ‫ٝرٟٞغ‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫رللع‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬
.ٖ٣‫حإلؿَحء‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝ٣َى‬ ‫حُليٝى‬
ٍ‫هال‬ ‫رٌُي‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫كلع‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
ُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ًٙ‫حطوخ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬.‫للع‬
22
‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًِٝٔخ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٠ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍَ٠‫ُِٔظ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫كيٛخ‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫أه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ٖ٤‫رٔ٘ظ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬6.111ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٍْٛ‫ى‬
.َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ر٤ٜ٘ٔخ‬ َٛ‫حُلخ‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬
‫ٝطَح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٍَ‫٣ل‬ ،‫حُِٜق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫حُطَك‬ ٢ٟ
ٖٔ٠‫ٝ٣ظ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫أكيٛٔخ‬ ٍُ‫٣ظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫٣ظ٘خُال‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ىكخػٜٔخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ٝك‬ ‫رل٠ٍٞٛٔخ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٠‫ٓل‬
.ٕ‫حُطَكخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حطلن‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
‫ؿَكش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫ُيكخػٜٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ُِطَك‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬
.ٕ‫ٝحُطَكخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞهؼ‬ ،‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬
‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞٛ ّٞ‫ُ٤و‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َ٤‫٣ل‬
،‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫رـَكش‬ ‫ىكخػٜٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُطَك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُظٜي٣ن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬
.ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ١‫أ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
;٢ِ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،ٕ‫حُطَكخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حطلن‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬
-‫؛‬ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫أىحء‬
-.‫حُِٜق‬ ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬
‫ٌٓظٞد‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ٝطز‬ ،‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٠ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣وظَف‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫ٓ٘ظي‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬
ٛ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬‫اٛالف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫٣ظٔؼ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ِل‬
‫حالطلخم‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٠‫ٓل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٍَ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،ُٚ‫أكؼخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘خطؾ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬
‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬ ،‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٍ‫ٝاٗؼخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٝ.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
‫ُِظٜي٣ن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َ٤‫٣ل‬
١‫أ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ،ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫ٝحُٔؼ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
ٖ٤‫حُلخُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٌٙ‫٣ظو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َٓ‫ٝحأل‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫طٞهق‬
ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜٔخ‬

32. -43-
ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛخىم‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜٔخىهش‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ‫ظَٜص‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔليى‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
ٛ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.‫طوخىٓض‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ٌٙ
.ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬
.ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛخىم‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٖٓ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫٣ظؤًي‬
20
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ِٓطش‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ‫ٓ٘ظٜزش‬ًَ‫ٓٞظق‬‫رِؾ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ِٚٔ‫ػ‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٚ‫ٓٔخٍٓظ‬ٚٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬
‫حٍطٌخد‬،‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫رٌُي‬
‫ٓخ‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رخُـَ٣ٔش‬ٖٓ‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬َٟ‫ٝٓلخ‬.‫ٝٝػخثن‬
21
‫٣ـذ‬‫أ٣٠خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٖٓ‫ٗخٛي‬‫حٍطٌخد‬ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ٖٓ‫رخأل‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رل٤خس‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٝ‫أ‬
ُٚ‫أٓٞح‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤ًٝ ‫٣زِؾ‬‫حُِٔي‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫ٓوظٜش‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫طزِؾ‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ً٘ٛ ً‫خ‬‫ٓؼخه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬َٛ‫هخ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
22
‫٣َؿغ‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫آخ‬ ٢ِ‫حُٔل‬َ٤ًُٞ‫حُِٔي‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫حٍطٌخد‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝآخ‬َ٤ًُٞ
‫حُِٔي‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اهخٓش‬‫أكي‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ٓ٘خًٍظ‬٢‫ك‬،‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬‫ٝآخ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫حُِٔي‬٢‫ك‬
ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫اُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكي‬‫ٛئالء‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ُْٞٝ‫ط‬‫ٌٛح‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ُٔزذ‬.َ‫آه‬
2311
َ٤ٔ٣َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ّٞ‫ٝ٣و‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ ٚ‫ٓلٌٔظ‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ًَ ‫ٜٗخ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫رظ٘و٤ط‬.
‫ٝاكخُظٜخ‬ َٙ‫ٗظ‬ ‫ٝؿٜش‬ ‫اريحء‬ ‫هٜي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢٤‫حُظ٘و‬ ‫الثلش‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬
‫ح‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ٢٤‫حُظ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٌ‫ٝ٣ئه‬ .‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزـخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ـخ‬ ‫َُٔ٘كش‬
.َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫ُِٔؼ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ْ٤٤‫حُظو‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞ١٘٤ش‬ ‫حُلَهش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٢٤‫رظ٘و‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
٤ٔ‫ُـ‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫ٓوَٛخ‬ ٚ‫ريحثَط‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ‫حُـٜٞ٣ش‬ٖ٤ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حًُٞالء‬ ‫غ‬
ً‫خ‬‫أرلخػ‬ ‫أؿَٝح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٓزن‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُلَهش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ٓالكظخط‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َكؼٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
.‫حُٔ٘ش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ْٜ‫اَٗحك‬ ‫طلض‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓزخَٗطٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ‫ٝآؿخُٜخ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َٜٔ٣
ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ‫حُٔؼيس‬ ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬‫حٌُل٤ِش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ .
.ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ ‫أٗٔ٘ش‬ ّ‫رخكظَح‬
11-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬56ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22‫ٓخُق‬ ،.ًٌَُ‫ح‬

33. -44-
ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫ىػض‬ ٠‫ٝٓظ‬ ‫ٗخء‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬ ٌٙٛ ‫رِ٣خٍس‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬،‫ٌُُي‬
ٌٙٛ َ‫طو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓـالص‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ٝػ‬ ،َُٜ٘‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫َٓط‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِ٣خٍس‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬
‫ُ٣خٍس‬ ًَ ‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫ٝرٔخ‬ ٚ‫رٔالكظخط‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َ‫ٝ٣٘ؼ‬ ،‫رٜخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
ٖٓ ٚ٘٣‫٣ؼخ‬‫اهالالص‬.
َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬‫ٝ٣َكغ‬ ‫ُإلهالالص‬ ‫كي‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ ‫حٌُل٤ِش‬ ‫ٝحإلؿَحءحص‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬
.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُُٞ ‫رٌُي‬ ‫طوَ٣َح‬
24
‫حُ٘خثذ‬ ٚ‫ك٤وِل‬ ‫حُ٘ٞحد‬ ‫طؼيى‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ،ٚ‫ٗخثز‬ ٚ‫ك٤وِل‬ ‫ٓخٗغ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ‫كيع‬ ‫اًح‬.ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬
‫٣٘ظيد‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓخٗغ‬ ُْٜ ‫كيع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٢ِ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫طـ٤ذ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫رـٔ٤غ‬ ّٞ‫ُ٤و‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُيحثَس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫أكي‬
‫ح‬ َ٣ُٝ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ،‫ٓئهظخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حهظٜخٛخص‬ٍ‫ُؼي‬
ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬12
.
2513
‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫رـ٘لش‬ ْ‫رخُظِز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬67ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ‫رخٓظ٘طخم‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٕ‫كب‬ ،
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ .ٚ٤‫ك‬85‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬
.ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫حُـ٘لش‬
ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫رظَؿٔخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫٣وغ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓغ‬ ْٛ‫حُظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬
‫طؼويٛخ‬ ‫ٓ٘خٓزش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫طلخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬496.
٤٠‫حُو‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ش‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ‫١زوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
.ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫رخُل‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫٣طزن‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫رـ٘لش‬ ْ‫حُظِز‬ ‫كخُش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حػظَف‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫ٝحُؼخُؼش‬ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ ٢‫ك‬‫ُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٌُٔٞٗش‬ ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬
ٚ٤‫ك‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ‫ال‬ ١ٌُ‫ٝح‬ ،‫ُٜخ‬ ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هٞ٣ش‬ ‫أىُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ُْ‫ٓؼخ‬ ‫ظَٜص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫هط‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬
.ٍٙ‫هَح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َِ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬
12-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬‫حُٔخىس‬57ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22‫ٓخُق‬ ،
.ًٌَُ‫ح‬
13-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٝاٟخكش‬ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬58ٙ‫أػال‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

34. -45-
‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣َٛ‫رؤ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ك٘٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔؤُش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػَٟض‬ ‫اًح‬
ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ‫حُـ٤٘٤ش‬ ‫حُزٜٔخص‬ ‫كٜ٤ِش‬ ‫ُظلي٣ي‬ ‫هزَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫ٝحُٔؼَكش‬ ‫حُوزَس‬
.ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ١ٍٞ‫ط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ‫هَحث‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬
26
َ‫٣ٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ً‫خ‬ٔ٤‫ٍث‬ ٚ‫رٞٛل‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
.ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬
.ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫ٗخثذ‬ ٚ‫ك٤وِل‬ ،‫ٓخٗغ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ‫كيع‬ ‫اًح‬
27
٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬َُٜٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ططز٤ن‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُـ٘خث‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓـٔٞع‬‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ٚ‫ِٓطظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ه٠خس‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٖ٤‫حُظخرؼ‬‫ُيحثَس‬‫ًٌٝح‬ ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬١‫ٟزخ‬
ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔٞظل‬ٖ٤ٔ‫حُوخث‬ّ‫رٜٔخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حٓظ٘خىح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬
28.ٙ‫أػال‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ،ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ُٚٝ.‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ َ٤‫طٔو‬
َٟ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬ ‫ٝحُٞٗخ٣خص‬ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣خص‬ ٠‫٣ظِو‬‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٌ‫ٝ٣ظو‬‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫٣َح‬‫ٓالثٔخ‬ٖٓ
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫٣َِٜٓخ‬‫َٓكوش‬ٚ‫رظؼِ٤ٔخط‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬.ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫َٓطٌز‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫رٔزخَٗس‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ َٗ‫٣زخ‬
ٓٝ ْٜٔ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ْٜ‫ٟٝزط‬.ْٜ‫ظخرؼظ‬
ٖٓ ٌٙ‫٣ظو‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬ ‫ٝٝٗخ٣خص‬ ‫ٌٝٗخ٣خص‬ َٟ‫ٓلخ‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫٣ظِوخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬
ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ىحث‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٍَ‫رٔو‬ ‫رللظٜخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ،‫اؿَحءحص‬
.ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُظَحؿغ‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ربؿَحءحص‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ‫روٜي‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ُظِي‬ ّ‫٣وي‬
ٔٓ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ُٚ ‫٣لن‬‫ٝاُوخء‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫طَس‬
.ٞ‫حُوز‬
‫ٛخُلش‬ ‫٣َحٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫رظطز٤ن‬ ‫٣طخُذ‬
.‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬ ‫طزض‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫ٓل٠َٛخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظ٠ٔ٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫طٜ٘ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
.‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ َٔ‫٣ٔظؼ‬
‫اؿَحء‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٌْ‫ك‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤خُس‬ ‫رخٗظِحع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
‫ٌٛح‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ‫ٝاٍؿخع‬ ‫حُل٤خُس‬ ‫ُلٔخ٣ش‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ٓالث‬ ٙ‫٣َح‬ ٢‫طللظ‬

35. -46-
‫ٍكؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬‫ػالػش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓظَكغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ض‬
.ٚ‫اُـخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ٣‫طؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫ُظؤ٣٤ي‬ َ‫حألًؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ٟزطض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ؿي٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خُػش‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
.‫ُِٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُٔ ‫الُٓش‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ُٖٔ ‫حُزلغ‬
‫ط٘ل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٔ٣‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ‫ٝٓوٍَحص‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ٌ٤
.ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫كزٔخ‬ ٖ٤‫رٔ٘ظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫َٓطزطش‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ُٚ ‫٣لن‬
َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬–١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬–ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٓلذ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٝاؿالم‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .ً‫ح‬‫ٝحكي‬ ً‫ح‬َٜٗ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬
.ٚٓ‫اطٔخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظٔزذ‬ ٞٛ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬
‫ربكخُش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝٓلذ‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫اؿالم‬ ١‫اؿَحء‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫٣٘ظ‬
ٍ‫هَح‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫كي‬ ‫ٝ٣ٟٞغ‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫رللع‬
.ٖ٣‫حإلؿَحء‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝ٣َى‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫إلؿالم‬
‫رٌُي‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ،‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫كلع‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫حُللع‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ًٙ‫حطوخ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٍ‫هال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططزن‬84ً‫ا‬.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬ ‫رخُـ٘خ٣ش‬ ْ‫رخُظِز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ح‬
32
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓل‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٚ‫٣وظ‬55.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
32
‫ُِِٔي‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حًُٞالء‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝ٣زِـٜخ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔ٤خٓش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫٣َ٘ف‬
‫ططز٤وٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٕٜٝٔ٣ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬14
.
ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚٝ‫ٓوخُلخص‬ ٖٓ ِٚٔ‫ػ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َٜ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
ٕ‫ٝأ‬َٙٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫ًظخرش‬‫رٔظخرؼش‬‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٌِق‬ّٖٓٞ‫٣و‬،‫رٌُي‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣َكغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬
‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫٣َح‬َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬‫ٓالثٔخ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٖٓ.‫ًظخر٤ش‬
14-ْ‫ٍه‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬2.12.17٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬3ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2544(37َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3123)
‫حُِٔطش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔ٘يس‬ ‫حالهظٜخٛخص‬ ‫ٝحُلَ٣خص‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ ،‫ٝحُلَ٣خص‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫رخهظٜخٛخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝػالٝس‬ ...َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ١ٍ‫حُـخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ٍ‫رخُؼي‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬‫حُٔ٤خٓش‬ ‫اػيحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٛ‫٣ٔخ‬
‫طظزؼٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٔ‫ٝحُؼ‬ ،ٚٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ُٜٝٞ٘‫ٝح‬ ٕ‫حإلٗٔخ‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ‫حُلَ٣خص‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬
‫حُٔؼ٘٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫حُوطخػخص‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫رظ٘ٔ٤ن‬ ،‫ٝط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬7129‫رظخٍ٣ن‬:ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2544(3
َ٣‫كزَح‬3123ٙ ،)597.

36. -47-
‫ثبنزحمٛك‬ ٌٕ‫انًكهف‬ ‫انمضبح‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
30
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ر‬‫ه٠خس‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ُٔيس‬
‫ػالع‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫هخرِش‬‫ر٘خء‬ ،ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُُٞ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫ُِظـي٣ي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ ‫حهظَحف‬
.‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
‫ػالع‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘خٍ٣ٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬
‫ُِظـي‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ‫حهظَحف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُُٞ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫٣ي‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
.‫حٌُ٤ل٤ش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٖٓ ْٛ‫اػلخإ‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫هال‬ ٌٖٔ٣
َٗ‫٣زخ‬‫ٛئالء‬‫حُو٠خس‬ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬‫ٝكن‬‫ٓخ‬ٜٞٛٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫ال‬‫طلض‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ُو٠خس‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫١خثِش‬،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٘خًٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬ٌْ‫ك‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬
‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٓزن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫أك٤ِض‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫رٜلظ‬‫ه٠خس‬ٖ٤‫ٌِٓل‬.‫رخُظلو٤ن‬
31
ٍ‫ٝكخ‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٌِٓق‬ ‫ٝحكي‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٟٞٓ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬‫ٓخٗغ‬‫ٓئهض‬ٕٝ‫ى‬
ٚ‫ٓٔخٍٓظ‬٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َُث٤ٜٔخ‬ ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬ ،ٚٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬
‫حُٔخ‬ ٍ‫ُٝح‬ ٍ‫حٗظظخ‬١ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ‫أكي‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،٢ٓ‫ٗظخ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٖ٤٤‫حُظؼ‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗغ‬
.ّ‫حُٜٔخ‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
32
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫اؿَحء‬‫طلو٤ن‬‫اال‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ٍ‫ٓلخ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬‫َٓكوش‬‫رظٜ٘٤ذ‬٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ً‫خ‬‫١َك‬.ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬
‫٣لن‬ُٚ‫ػ٘ي‬ٚ‫ٓٔخٍٓظ‬،ٚٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُوٞس‬ َ‫٣ٔو‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.‫ٓزخَٗس‬
.َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ٖ٤٤١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫رظلوي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
55
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓل‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫٣وظ‬55.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫ٔانجُح‬ ‫ثبنجُبٚبد‬ ‫انزهجض‬ ‫حبنخ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
34
‫طظلون‬‫كخُش‬ْ‫حُظِز‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬;‫ؿ٘لش‬

37. -48-
;ً‫ال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬٢‫ٟز‬‫أػ٘خء‬ َ‫حُلخػ‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫اػ‬‫حٍطٌخرٜخ؛‬
‫اًح‬ ;ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ػخ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓخ‬ َ‫حُلخػ‬ٍ‫ُح‬‫ٓطخٍىح‬‫رٜ٤خف‬‫حٍطٌخرٜخ؛‬ َ‫اػ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞٔ‫حُـ‬
;‫ػخُؼخ‬‫اًح‬‫ٝؿي‬‫رؼي‬ َ‫حُلخػ‬ٍََٝٓ٤ٜ‫ه‬ ‫ٝهض‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٍطٌخد‬َ‫حُلؼ‬‫كخٓال‬‫أِٓلش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أٗ٤خء‬
ٍ‫٣ٔظي‬‫ٓؼٜخ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ٗخٍى‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُلؼ‬،٢ٓ‫حإلؿَح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٝؿي‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫أػ‬‫ػالٓخص‬‫طؼزض‬.‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬ ٌٙٛ
‫٣ؼي‬‫رٔؼخرش‬ْ‫طِز‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫ؿ٘لش‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬َ‫ىحه‬ٍِ٘ٓ٢‫ك‬‫ظَٝف‬َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫حُظَٝف‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَحص‬‫حُٔخروش‬‫اًح‬ْٔ‫حُظ‬ًٖ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُي‬ٖٓ ٍُِ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ٢‫ٟخر‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.‫ٓؼخ٣٘ظٜخ‬
35
َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رـ٘لش‬ ْ‫طِز‬ ‫رلخُش‬ َ‫أٗؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
.‫حُٔل٤يس‬ ‫حُٔؼخ٣٘خص‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬ ‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫٣٘ظو‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫رٜخ‬
‫٣ٔخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ٍ‫ُالٗيػخ‬ ‫حُوخرِش‬ ‫حألىُش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣لخكع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ٝػ‬ٍ‫اظٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػي‬
‫ٓؼيس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٓظؼِٔض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألىٝحص‬ ‫حألِٓلش‬ ِ‫٣لـ‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُلو٤وش‬
.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٌٙٛ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗخطـخ‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ‫هي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ‫الٍطٌخرٜخ‬
‫حُـ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫ٓ٘خًٍظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ‫هٜي‬
٢‫ٟخر‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُزٜٔخص‬ ٌ‫رؤه‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫رو٤ش‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫هزَحص‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫ٌُُي‬ ٖ٤ِٛ‫ٓئ‬ ٙ‫رؤٗوخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚٝ
ٟ‫ُي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٕ‫رٌٔخ‬ ‫ٝكـِٛخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألٗ٤خء‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫أىٝحص‬
‫رخٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬15
.
36
‫٣ٔ٘غ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ َٛ‫ٓئ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤‫٣ـ‬‫كخُش‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫ٝهؼض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬‫ربُحُش‬١‫أ‬‫ٗ٢ء‬َٚ٘ٓ‫هز‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬‫رخُؼِٔ٤خص‬‫حألُٝ٤ش‬‫ُِزلغ‬،٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬
‫١خثِش‬‫ؿَحٓش‬‫طظَحٝف‬ٖ٤‫ر‬2.311ٝ21.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬،‫٣ٔٔق‬‫رٜلش‬،‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬‫حُظـ٤٤َحص‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌٙٛ‫حإلُحالص‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫طلَٟٜخ‬
‫ٍَٟٝس‬‫حُٔلخكظش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔالٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜلش‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حإلٓؼخكخص‬.‫ُِ٠لخ٣خ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُوٜي‬ٖٓٞ‫ٓل‬َ‫حألػ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اُحُش‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬ٞٛ‫ػَهِش‬َ٤ٓ،‫حُؼيحُش‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬
٢ْٛ‫حُلز‬ٖٓ‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ػالع‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫ٝؿَحٓش‬ٖٓ4.111ٍْٛ‫ى‬٠ُ‫ا‬23.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
37
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٗٞع‬‫حُـ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬‫ٓٔخ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫اػزخط‬ِ‫رلـ‬‫أٍٝحم‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝٝػخثن‬‫أٗ٤خء‬َٟ‫أه‬
٢‫ك‬‫كُٞس‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬ٖ‫٣ظ‬ْٜٗ‫أ‬‫ٗخًٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ُٕٝٞ‫٣ل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘يحص‬‫أٗ٤خء‬‫طظؼِن‬
15-ٌٙٛ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُلوَس‬‫حُٔخىس‬68ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

38. -49-
ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬،‫حإلؿَحٓ٤ش‬ٕ‫كب‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬‫كٍٞح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍِ٘ٓ‫ٛئالء‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬
‫١زوخ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ١َ‫ُ٤ـ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُِٝ٘71ٝ73.ٚٗ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬ ‫طلظ٤٘خ‬
‫ٝك٤ٔخ‬‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫رؤ‬ ُْٔ‫ح‬ ‫كخالص‬ ‫ػيح‬،‫اال‬ ‫٣لن‬ ‫كال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٚ‫ٝٓؼ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬71٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حال١الع‬ ْٛ‫ٝكي‬
ِٛ‫رلـ‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألٍٝحم‬‫خ‬16
.
‫ٝك٤ٔخ‬‫ػيح‬‫كخالص‬ُْٔ‫ح‬ٖٓ‫رؤ‬‫اال‬ ‫٣لن‬ ‫كال‬ ،‫حُيُٝش‬٢‫ُ٠خر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٚ‫ٝٓؼ‬
ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬71‫حال١الع‬ ْٛ‫ٝكي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألٍٝحم‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬َ‫هز‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬
.‫رلـِٛخ‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِِٚٓ٣ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ‫٣٘ـِٜخ‬ ٢ٜ٘ٓ ٍ‫الٓظؼٔخ‬ ‫ٓؼيس‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬
َُٔ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رٌظٔخ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫كؼ‬ ،٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬
.٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َُٔ‫ح‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓٔزو‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ ،ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫رٌٔظذ‬ ١َ‫ٓ٤ـ‬ ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٗو٤ذ‬ َ٠‫رٔل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ١‫رؤ‬
‫حٌُٔٔ٘ش‬
17
.
٠ٜ‫طل‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬‫حُٔلـُٞس‬‫طٟٞغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝطِق‬ ‫كٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬ْ٤ً ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝػخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿالف‬
ْ‫ٝ٣وظ‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٝاًح‬ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬،‫ًُي‬ٕ‫كب‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ْ‫٣وظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬.ٚ‫رطخرؼ‬
٢‫ٟخر‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫اكٜخء‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ْ‫٣وظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬ ْ‫ٝحُوظ‬ ‫اكٜخثٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
ْ‫طظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬‫ك٠َٝح‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬،ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬٢‫ٟخر‬ ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ٓل٠َح‬‫رٔخ‬ّ‫هخ‬ٚ‫ر‬ٖٓ.‫ػِٔ٤خص‬
42
‫٣طزن‬‫ٓخ‬،٢ِ٣‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬;‫حُٔخروش‬
‫اًح‬ ;‫أٝال‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬١َ‫ٓ٤ـ‬ٍِ٘ٔ‫ر‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٚ‫٣٘ظز‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ٓ٘خًٍظ‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝؿذ‬ٕ‫أ‬
ْ‫٣ظ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝؿذ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬
‫ُِٔطظٚ؛‬ ٖ٤‫حُوخٟؼ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔٞظل‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ُل‬ ٖ٣‫ٗخٛي‬ ٢‫٣ٔظيػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
16-‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫طٔٔض‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬6:ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬2.14.251٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬37ٍٓٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖ2535(39١‫ٓخ‬
3114)،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(3:١‫ٓخ‬3114ٙ ،)2866.
17-‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٍٕ‫هخ‬3‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ6:ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬39.19‫ُٜٔ٘ش‬ ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫حُٔلخٓخس‬;
‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫اال‬ ،‫رخُٜٔ٘ش‬ ‫ِٛش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ،ٚ‫ٌُٔظز‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫رلغ‬ ١‫أ‬ َٟ‫٣ـ‬ ‫"ال‬
."ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬

39. -4:-
‫اًح‬ ;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬َٟ‫ٓ٤ـ‬٢‫ك‬ٍِ٘ٓٚ‫ٗو‬َٖٓ٤‫حُـ‬‫٣ل‬َٔ‫ظ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٚ‫ك٤خُط‬
‫ٓٔظ٘يحص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أٗ٤خء‬‫ُٜخ‬‫ػالهش‬ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬،‫حإلؿَحٓ٤ش‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫٣ـذ‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫ُؼِٔ٤ش‬
،ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬‫ٝاًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬‫ًُي‬‫ٝؿذ‬ٕ‫أ‬١َ‫٣ـ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬‫ؿخء‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
ٖ٤‫ُظلظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫٣٘ظيرٜخ‬ ‫حَٓأس‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ٠‫طل‬
‫حُ٘ٔخء‬‫رٜخ؛‬ ٕ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ;ً‫خ‬‫ػخُؼ‬٢‫ُ٠خر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣ٔظيػ‬١‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬،ٚ‫ُٔٔخػ‬‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬
‫رٞٓغ‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬ٙ‫٣ٔي‬‫رٔؼِٞٓخص‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬،‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬
ٚٔ‫٣َؿ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُؼخٓش؛‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ًٕ‫ا‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘خػ‬
;‫ٍحرؼخ‬‫طٞهغ‬َٟ‫ٓلخ‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬١َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ُُْٜ‫رٔ٘خ‬
ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٖ٣‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِْٜ‫٣ٔؼ‬ ٖٓ٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫حٓظ٘خػ‬ٖ‫ػ‬.ٌٍٙ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلرٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬
42
ًَ‫ارالؽ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اك٘خء‬‫ُٞػ٤وش‬‫ٝهغ‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫طلظ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ُ٤ٔض‬ُٚ‫ٛالك٤ش‬
‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫ُال١الع‬،‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ْ‫٣ظ‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫ٓٞحكوش‬ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬١ًٝٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫كوٞه‬‫حُٔٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬
ٖٔٓ‫ٝؿٜض‬،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ُٕٞٝ‫ًخ‬‫ًُي‬‫ُلخثيس‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ،‫حُزلغ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ْ‫رخُلز‬ٖٓ‫ٓظش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝحكي‬ َٜٗ
ٖٓ ‫ٝؿَحٓش‬ َٜٗ‫أ‬2.311٠ُ‫ا‬3.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
40
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫حَُ٘ٝع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ٍُ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓؼخ٣٘ظٜخ‬َ‫هز‬‫حُٔخػش‬‫حُٔخىٓش‬‫ٛزخكخ‬‫ٝرؼي‬
‫حُٔخػش‬‫حُظخٓؼش‬،‫ُ٤ال‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬‫ًُي‬‫ٍد‬‫ٝؿٜض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍُِ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫حٓظـخػش‬ٖٓ،ِٚ‫ىحه‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُلخالص‬‫حالٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٚ٘٣‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ .ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حرظيأص‬٢‫ك‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬
.‫طٞهق‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٓٞحِٛظٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ال‬‫ططزن‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫اؿَحء‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓلالص‬١‫ٗ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬
٢ِ٤ُ‫رٜلش‬.‫ٓؼظخىس‬
ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫ٝحهظ٠ض‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٓؼخ٣٘ظٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍُ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حَُ٘ٝع‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ‫حألىُش‬ ٍ‫حٗيػخ‬ ٠٘‫٣و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬
ً‫ال‬٤ُ ‫حُظخٓؼش‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٛزخك‬ ‫حُٔخىٓش‬ ‫حُٔخػش‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫رب‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬18
.
41
َٔ‫٣ؼ‬‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬‫حُٔٞحى‬6:ٝ71ٝ62ٙ‫أػال‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حإلؿَحء‬
.‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬ ‫حُٔؼ٤ذ‬
18-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫أٟ٤لض‬73ٙ‫أػال‬‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫َُحرؼش‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حإلٍٛخد‬‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬

40. -51-
42
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬‫رٔؼخ٣٘خص‬‫ال‬َ‫طوز‬،َ٤‫حُظؤه‬٢‫كِ٠خر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬١‫رؤ‬
ٚ‫ٗو‬َٛ‫ٓئ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫ٌُُي‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣ؼط‬ٚ٣‫ٍأ‬‫رٔخ‬ٚ٤ِٔ٣ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫َٗك‬.َٙ٤ٟٔٝ
43
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ُ٠خر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔ٘غ‬١‫أ‬‫حُظلَ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓل٤ي‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ٖٓ‫حالرظؼخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬
ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫ٝهٞع‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬٢ٜ‫ط٘ظ‬.ٚ‫طلَ٣خط‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٖٓ١ٍَٝ٠ُ‫ح‬‫ٓؼخ٣٘ش‬ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُظلون‬،‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫١ِذ‬ٖٓ٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫ُِؼِٔ٤خص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٔظِِٜٓخ‬‫ٌٛح‬.َ٤‫حُظير‬
ّٞ٣ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫ُؼوٞرش‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫هخُق‬ ٖٓ ًَٝ
ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫هيٍٛخ‬ ‫٣ظَحٝف‬ ‫ٝؿَحٓش‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ٝػَ٘س‬ ‫ٝحكي‬311ٝ2.311ٖ٤‫ٛخط‬ ٟ‫إلكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬
٢‫كو‬ ٖ٤‫حُؼوٞرظ‬.
4419
‫اًح‬‫ططِزض‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬‫حُزلغ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣لظلع‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬‫ػيس‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬
َٖٔٓ٤ٗ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬ ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬76ٙ‫أػال‬‫ُ٤ٌٞٗٞح‬‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫٣٠ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ك‬ ،ٚ‫اٗخٍط‬ ٍٖٛ
ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬59‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬ ،ْٜ‫طٞه٤ل‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫طلٔذ‬ ‫ٓخػش‬
.‫رٌُي‬
‫طلض‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
ّ‫حُظِح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ٝ ،ٚ‫رلوٞه‬ ٝ ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬ ٢‫ريٝحػ‬ ،‫٣لٜٜٔخ‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ٝ ‫كٍٞح‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
‫حُٜٔض‬
20
.
‫َُٔس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ،‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫رب‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫أٍرؼخ‬ ‫ٝحكيس‬.‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬
،٢‫حُوخٍؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ِ‫حُيحه‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫رؤ‬ ُْٔ‫رخ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٓيس‬‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓظخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬‫هخرِش‬‫ُِظٔي٣ي‬‫َٓس‬،‫ٝحكيس‬‫ر٘خء‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓظ‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
‫هخرِش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،‫َٓس‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬ ‫ٓض‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٖ٤‫َٓط‬ ‫ُِظٔي٣ي‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬
21
.
19-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬77ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
20-‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ َ‫حٗظ‬4َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٓ34;‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ
ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ "٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ،ٚ‫ٝرلوٞه‬ ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬ ٢‫ريٝحػ‬ ،‫٣لٜٜٔخ‬ ‫ٝرٌ٤ل٤ش‬
."...‫حُٜٔض‬ ّ‫حُظِح‬
21-ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٌٙٛ ‫أٟ٤لض‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬14.14،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬

41. -52-
ٞ‫حُوز‬ ٢‫أُو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ‫٣لن‬ٖٓ ‫حالٓظلخىس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
ٚ‫أهَرخث‬ ‫رؤكي‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ٖٓٝ ،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔخػيس‬
22
‫حُلن‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚٝ ،
٢‫ك‬ ٚ٘٤٤‫طؼ‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔخػيس‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬
23
.
‫١ِذ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .‫رٌُي‬ ‫حُ٘و٤ذ‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ‫كٍٞح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ّٞ‫طو‬
ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ‫كٍٞح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔخػيس‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬
.٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُ٘و٤ذ‬
ٜ‫حٗظ‬ َ‫هز‬ ٢ٓ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ‫خء‬
َ‫٣ئه‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ٝحهظ٠ض‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫رٞهخثغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫أال‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حطٜخ‬ ،‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬
‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٢‫حػ٘ظ‬ َ٤‫حُظؤه‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ‫ٜٗق‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ٖٓ
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ْ‫رخُـَحث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬219‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ َ‫هز‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ٢ٓ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤‫رظَه‬ ّ‫رٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬‫طلض‬ ‫ىه٤وش‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬
.‫حُٔوخرِش‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬
٢‫ٟخر‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔٔخكش‬ ‫ُزؼي‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ٤‫طَه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٍ‫رخالطٜخ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫٣َك‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫غ‬
‫ٓيس‬ ‫حٗو٠خء‬ َ‫هز‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ٍحؽ‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ٔ٘غ‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
٢‫ٟخر‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حطٜخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
،‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ْ‫رخُـَحث‬219ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ‫ٓيس‬ َ٤‫حُظؤه‬ ‫ًُي‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫أال‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،59
‫ٓخػش‬.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٍ‫رخالطٜخ‬ ُٚ ٚ‫حَُٔه‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٓ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ّ‫٣وي‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫ٓالكظخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫يس‬
.‫اٜٗخى‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ َ٠‫ُِٔل‬ ‫اٟخكظٜخ‬ ‫هٜي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
22-‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ َ‫حٗظ‬4َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٓ34;‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ
ْ‫ط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫"٣ـذ‬ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬ٝ،ٚ‫ٝرلوٞه‬ ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬ ٢‫ريٝحػ‬ ،‫٣لٜٜٔخ‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ّٝ‫حُظِح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬ ٖٓ
‫١زوخ‬ ،ٚ‫رؤهَرخث‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ ٖٓٝ ،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔخػيس‬ ٖٓ ،ٌٖٔٓ ‫ٝهض‬ ‫أهَد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حالٓظلخىس‬ ُٚ ‫ٝ٣لن‬ .‫حُٜٔض‬
."ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬
23-َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬ َ‫حٗظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬625.76‫رظخٍ٣ن‬28‫ٍؿذ‬2497َ‫ٗٞٗز‬ ‫(كخطق‬2:77‫٣ظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ )
ٚٔ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔخػيس‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬3931‫رظخٍ٣ن‬4ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬2497(27َ‫ٗٞٗز‬
2:77ٙ ،)348:.

42. -53-
‫٣ـذ‬‫ٓٔي‬َ‫ٓـ‬‫رظٞه٤غ‬ َ٣ٌ‫ٝط‬ ٚ‫ٛللخط‬ ْ‫طَه‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫حُٔلالص‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٖٔ٣
ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٟٞغ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬‫طلض‬.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
‫طو٤ي‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُٔـ‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬‫طلض‬‫ٝٓزذ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬‫ًُي‬
‫ٝٓخػش‬‫ٝٓخػش‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ريح٣ش‬‫ٝحُلخُش‬ ‫حَُحكش‬ ‫ٝأٝهخص‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫ٝٓيس‬ ،‫حٗظٜخثٜخ‬
.ُٚ ‫حُٔويٓش‬ ‫ٝحُظـٌ٣ش‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ‫ٝحُٜل٤ش‬ ‫حُزيٗ٤ش‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٞهغ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُٔـ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٟٝغ‬‫طلض‬٢‫ٟٝخر‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫رٔـَى‬،‫حٗظٜخثٜخ‬‫ٝاًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ًُي‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍ‫هخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،ّ‫حإلرٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ٚ‫ر‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬.َ‫حُٔـ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤ٗ‫ٝحُظؤ‬ ٚ‫َٝٓحهزظ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُال١الع‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
.َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َٓس‬
،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫رَٔحهزش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ّٞ‫طو‬١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
‫أٓخٜٓخ‬ ِ‫حُٔلظـ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٍٞ‫رٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫كي‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ ‫ٝهض‬.
45
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ٢‫ٟخر‬ٖٓ١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫ٓل‬‫ٓٔخع‬١‫أ‬
ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٟٝغ‬‫طلض‬،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ّٞ٣‫ٝٓخػش‬،ٚ‫ٟزط‬ّٞ٣ٝ‫ٝٓخػش‬‫ا١الم‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫َٓحك‬
ٚٔ٣‫طوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬.ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٣ٌ‫ط‬ٌٛٙ،‫حُز٤خٗخص‬‫آخ‬‫رظٞه٤غ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ٚٓ‫ربرٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬‫ٝآخ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٗخٍس‬ٚ٠‫ٍك‬‫ًُي‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حالٓظلخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حَُك‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚ‫حٓظلخُظ‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٖ٤ٔ٠‫ط‬‫ر٤خٗخص‬‫ٓٔخػِش‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
ٍ‫هَح‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ،ِ‫حُٔلظـ‬ ‫ػخثِش‬ ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬‫طلض‬ ٚ‫ٟٝؼ‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ .َ٠‫رخُٔل‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤٘٣ٝ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫ٟٝؼ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫رخألٗوخ‬ ‫الثلش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٓٞ٣
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫حألٍرغ‬
46
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫رٜ٤جخص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخُق‬ِِّ٣‫ك٤ٜخ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫ح‬‫َُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬َ‫ىكظ‬ ‫رٔٔي‬
،‫حُظَٜ٣لخص‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٠ٔ٘ٞح‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُيكظ‬‫حُز٤خٗخص‬‫ٝحُظٞه٤ؼخص‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
‫طيٍؽ‬‫ر٤خٗخص‬‫ٓٔخػِش‬٢‫ك‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
.‫١ِزٜخ‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬ ٍٖٛ ‫حُظَٜ٣لخص‬ َ‫ىكخط‬ ‫طٟٞغ‬

43. -54-
47
ٍَ‫٣ل‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫كٍٞح‬َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٗـِٛخ‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌح‬‫ُِٔخىس‬57‫ٝٓخ‬‫رؼيٛخ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬67ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬‫ٍٝهش‬ٖٓ.‫أٍٝحهٜخ‬
52
١َٔ‫ط‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬57‫ٝٓخ‬‫رؼيٛخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬69٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ْ‫حُظِز‬‫رخُـ٘ق‬٢‫ك‬
‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٢‫حُظ‬ٚ٘٣‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ػوٞرش‬.ْ‫حُلز‬
52
ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ِِّ‫٣ٔظ‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫كخ‬‫ٝهٞع‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬٢ِ‫طو‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬
ٖ‫ػ‬.‫حُؼِٔ٤ش‬٠ُٞ‫ٝ٣ظ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ًٍَ‫أػٔخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬
،‫حُزخد‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ‫أ٣٠خ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٌِق‬١‫أ‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ‫ُٔٞحِٛش‬
50
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ ٞٛ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ٚٓ‫ه٤خ‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬
‫حُٔـخٍٝس‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ َ‫ىٝحث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حٓظِِٓض‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ َ‫٣٘ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُزخد‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓٔزو‬ ‫رٌُي‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫َٗ٣طش‬ ،ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬
ٓ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ز‬ ،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ َ‫ٓ٤٘ظو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬.َ٠‫رخُٔل‬ َ‫حُظ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫زذ‬
‫٣ظزغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ِٚ‫رظ٘و‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬
.ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ُيحثَس‬
51
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ ْ‫رخُظِز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬67ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْٝ ،
ُ‫ح‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٓ‫اُِح‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬‫ٔخىس‬94ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َٔ‫حٓظل‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬
ٚ‫كو‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬ َٟ‫ٝأؿ‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٚ‫١َك‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫أكي‬
.‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ُٚ ٖ٤‫ػ‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫طٜ٘٤ذ‬
٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ‫٣لن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُٔوظخ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬ْٔ‫ِظ‬
ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ .‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫اػزخطخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٞػخثن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤خرش‬ ٢ُ‫٣ي‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،ًِٚٞٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬
ٖٓ ‫رخُٔظخرؼش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٚ‫َٓحك‬ ‫ا١الم‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫رخٌُلخُش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌ‫ػ٘يث‬ ‫ٝططزن‬ .‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬85.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫٣ٔظؼ‬ٖٓ ‫ٓغ‬ ْٛ‫حُظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬ ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫رظَؿٔخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖ٤
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬ ‫٣وغ‬
ٍٖٛ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫أٛي‬ ،ٌْ‫ُِل‬ ‫ؿخِٛس‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬
.َ‫حألًؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٚ‫ٝأكخ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
‫ح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬.‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٔ‫حُظ‬ ،ٌْ‫ُِل‬ ‫ؿخِٛس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ُو٠٤ش‬

44. -55-
ً‫ح‬ٍ‫آػخ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ٖ٣‫ػخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
.ٚ‫حُلل‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍَ‫طز‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػ٘ق‬ ‫ٝهٞع‬ ٖٓ ٠ٌ‫حٗظ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼ٘ق‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫آػخ‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ‫رليع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
٤ُ٘‫ح‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬.‫١ز٤ذ‬ ٚ٣َ‫٣ـ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫اكخُظ‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حَُ٘ٝع‬ َ‫ٝهز‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫خرش‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٚ‫حُلل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
52
‫َٓطٌزٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫طظٞك‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓؼخهذ‬ ‫رـ٘لش‬ ْ‫رخُظِز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رب٣يحع‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٗخثز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ
ٍ‫ٝحألكؼخ‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٝحٓظ٘طخه‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫طٜ٘٤ذ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫رؤ‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫رخُٔـ‬
.‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٚٓ‫٣وي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬
ُٚ ‫٣لن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫اػزخطخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٞػخثن‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤خرش‬ ٢ُ‫٣ي‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،ًِٚٞٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.ٚ‫َٓحك‬ ‫ا١الم‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬
‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ َ٣‫طوي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٠‫٣َحػ‬–‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬–‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬295‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬ .ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ُل‬ ٕ‫ً٠ٔخ‬ ٜٚ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫حُوي‬ ‫ىهش‬
ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ‫رخُِٔق‬ ‫ٝطٟٞغ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ َ‫ٓـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٔ٠‫ط‬
.‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫ا٣يحع‬ َٛٝ ٖٓٝ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٜٝٓخىٍطٜخ‬ ‫ٝحٓظَىحىٛخ‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ‫ا٣يحع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ططزن‬296٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
299.
ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫رظَؿٔخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫٣وغ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓغ‬ ْٛ‫حُظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬ ٖٔ‫٣ل‬
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬
‫طؼويٛخ‬ ‫ٓ٘خٓزش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫طلخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬496.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬،‫ًُي‬ ٍَ‫طز‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫آػخ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ٖ٣‫خ‬
.ٚ‫حُلل‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ‫حُٔٔظـٞد‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػ٘ق‬ ‫ٝهٞع‬ ٖٓ ٠ٌ‫حٗظ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِؼ٘ق‬ ‫ظخَٛس‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫آػخ‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ‫رليع‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫١ز٤ذ‬ ٚ٣َ‫٣ـ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫اكخُظ‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حَُ٘ٝع‬ َ‫ٝهز‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝؿذ‬
‫اؿَحء‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٚ‫حُلل‬
53
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫رٜخ‬ ْ‫حُٔظِز‬ ‫حُـ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٝهٞع‬ ٕ‫رٌٔخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ٠‫ك‬ ‫اًح‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫روٞس‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ُٚ ِٕٞ‫٣ظو‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟٝزخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬

45. -56-
١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ ‫رـٔ٤غ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
.‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ‫رٔظخرؼش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬٣‫أ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚٝ .‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ‫طِي‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ََٓ٣
.َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٠‫٣وظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬ ٍَ‫ُ٤و‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬
َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬ َ‫ك‬ ‫ٝاًح‬،‫ٝحكي‬ ٕ‫آ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ٝهخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬
،َٟ‫حُلخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫ربؿَحث‬ ‫٣ٌِق‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫كِٔٔؼ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫هَم‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٟ‫أى‬ ُٞٝ:1.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
54
٢‫ك‬ ‫٣لن‬‫كخُش‬ْ‫حُظِز‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٌَُ ْ‫رخُلز‬ٗٚ‫و‬٢‫ٟز‬َ‫حُلخػ‬
ٚٔ٣‫ٝطوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫أهَد‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
55
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫أٗؼ‬ٍٞ‫رخُؼؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿؼش‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٓخص‬‫رٔزذ‬
‫ػ٘ق‬ٝ‫أ‬،َٙ٤‫ؿ‬َ‫ٝظ‬‫ٓزذ‬ٚ‫ٓٞط‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓؼَٝف‬ٝ‫أ‬٢٤‫٣ل‬ٚ‫ر‬،‫ٗي‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬‫رٌُي‬‫كٍٞح‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
،‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫حُـؼش‬١َ‫ٝ٣ـ‬‫حُٔؼخ٣٘خص‬.٠ُٝ‫حأل‬
‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ٟ‫ٍأ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حُـؼش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫٣٘ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫٣وظخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٞكخس‬ ‫ظَٝف‬ ‫ُظلي٣ي‬ ‫ًلخءس‬ ُْٜ ٙ‫رؤٗوخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،‫ٌُُي‬
.‫حُٜٔٔش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫طٔظ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ٚ٤ِٔ٣ ‫رٔخ‬ ْٜ٣‫ٍأ‬ ‫اريحء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٜ‫ر‬ ٖ٤‫ؼ‬
.ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔلِل‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ‫الثلش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤ِ‫ٓٔـ‬ ‫٣ٌٞٗٞح‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،َ٤ٔ٠ُ‫ٝح‬ ‫حَُ٘ف‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬
.‫حُٞكخس‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌُِ٘ق‬ ‫حُوزَس‬ َٛ‫أ‬ ‫٣٘ظيد‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
٘‫انزًٓٛذ‬ ‫انجحش‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
56
٣ّٞ‫و‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫رؤرلخع‬،‫طٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طؼِ٤ٔخص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
.‫طِوخث٤خ‬
.ٜٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ًَ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ٌٙٛ َ٤ٔ٣
57
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٍٞ‫ىه‬ٍُ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٝ‫طلظ٤ٜ٘خ‬ِ‫ٝكـ‬‫ٓخ‬‫رٜخ‬ٖٓ‫أىٝحص‬‫حالهظ٘خع‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫ٓٞحكوش‬‫َٛ٣لش‬
ٖٓٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬١َ‫ٓظـ‬.ُِٚ٘ٔ‫ر‬ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬
ٖٔ٠‫ط‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔٞحكوش‬٢‫ك‬‫طَٜ٣ق‬‫ٌٓظٞد‬٢‫رو‬‫٣ي‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬،َٓ‫رخأل‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ال‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬‫٣ؼَف‬
‫حٌُظخرش‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫ًٔخ‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬٠ُ‫ا‬.ُٚٞ‫هز‬

46. -57-
١َٔ‫ط‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔٞحى‬6:ٝ71ٝ73ٝ74.
١َ‫ٓ٤ـ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٝحٓظ٘غ‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ُِٚ٘ٔ‫ر‬ ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬
‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ‫اػطخء‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫رب‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬
٢ٓٝ‫َٓإ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٍٞ٠‫كزل‬ ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘خػ‬‫حُو‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬‫٠خث٤ش‬24
.
62
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬،ْ‫رخُلز‬‫ًٝخٗض‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬‫حُزلغ‬١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬
٢٠‫طوظ‬ٖٓ٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫اروخء‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٍٖٛ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٚ‫٣٠ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ك‬ ،ٚ‫اٗخٍط‬
ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ .‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ًٕ‫رب‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬ ٕ‫ػٔخ‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬‫ُِٝٓخ‬ٚٔ٣‫طوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًَٝ‫هز‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُٔيس‬
َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ّ‫هي‬،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣ٔ٘ق‬‫اًٗخ‬‫ٌٓظٞرخ‬‫رظٔي٣ي‬‫ُٔيس‬ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫َٓس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬.
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬ُْٔ‫رخ‬ٖٓ‫رؤ‬‫حُيُٝش‬٢ِ‫حُيحه‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،٢‫حُوخٍؿ‬‫ٓيس‬‫حُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حُلَحٓش‬
‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬ ‫ٓض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طليى‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬‫هخرِش‬‫ُِظـي٣ي‬‫َٓس‬‫ٝحكيس‬ًٕ‫رب‬٢‫ًظخر‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ
ٓ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ً‫خ‬‫ظ‬‫هخرِش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬
٢‫ًظخر‬ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،‫َٓس‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝطٔؼ‬ ‫ٓض‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٖ٤‫َٓط‬ ‫ُِظٔي٣ي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ‫حُؼخٓش‬25
.
ّ‫٣وي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫رؤٓزخد‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫ٓ٘ق‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬
‫طٔي٣يٛخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ‫٣لن‬٢‫ٟخر‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظٜذ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ّ‫رٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬
‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫كظَس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخػش‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤‫رظَه‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬
َُ٘‫ح‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ،‫ىه٤وش‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫١ش‬
.‫حُٔوخرِش‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ َ‫طٌل‬ ‫ظَٝف‬
٢‫ٟخر‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔٔخكش‬ ‫ُزؼي‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ٤‫طَه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٍ‫رخالطٜخ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫٣َكغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫ٓيس‬ ‫حٗو٠خء‬ َ‫هز‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ٍحؽ‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ٔ٘غ‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
24-‫أٟ٤لض‬‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬8:ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حإلٍٛخد‬‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬
25-‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫أٟ٤لض‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬91ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حإلٍٛخد‬‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬

47. -58-
٢‫ٟخر‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حطٜخ‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬،ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًِٔخ‬ ،‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬
َ‫رخُـ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ْ‫حث‬219‫ٓيس‬ َ٤‫حُظؤه‬ ‫ًُي‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٕٓ‫ػٔخ‬
‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُظٔي٣ي‬ ٖٓ26
.
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٍ‫رخالطٜخ‬ ُٚ ٚ‫حَُٔه‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬ ‫ٓالكظخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ّ‫٣وي‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
.‫اٜٗخى‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ َ٠‫ُِٔل‬ ‫اٟخكظٜخ‬ ‫هٜي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
62
‫طلض‬ ٚ‫ٟٝؼ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١‫ؿٔي‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ١‫حُـٔي‬ ٖ٤‫ُِظلظ‬ ‫اه٠خػٜخ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫ططِذ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ،ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حَُٔأس‬ ‫كَٓش‬ ‫ط٘ظٜي‬ ‫ال‬
ٜ‫٣٘ظير‬ ‫حَٓأس‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ٕ‫أ‬.‫حَٓأس‬ ٢‫حُ٠خر‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ٌُُي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫خ‬
.‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ ْ‫حُظِز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬
60
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤خص‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬77ٝ78
ٝ79.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫انخبصخ‬ ‫انجحش‬ ‫رمُٛبد‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬27
260
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫ًٜٞٗخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫٣٘ظز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫َٓ٘ٝػش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ٗل٘ش‬ ٍٞ‫رؼز‬ ‫حُٔٔخف‬ ٞٛ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًِ٤خ‬ ‫حٓظزيحُٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓلزٜخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ٟزطٜخ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ،ٚ‫هخٍؿ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٙ‫ػز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ َ‫ىحه‬
26-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخَٗس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬91ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14
،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬
27-ٔ‫ط‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ْٙ‫أػال‬ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬24.21‫ح‬ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ‫ُٔظؼِن‬
‫حُٜٔخىم‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬2.6:.524‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39‫ح٥هَس‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ2493
(37َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬2:73ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬ )33.12ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬
2.13.366‫رظخٍ٣ن‬36‫ٍؿذ‬ ٖٓ2534(4َ‫أًظٞر‬3113)ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬54.16ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٣َُ٘‫ح‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫ق‬2.18.8:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2539(28َ٣َ‫أر‬3118)،ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.22.13‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26َ‫ٛل‬ ٖٓ2543(31َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122)،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬
6:22‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:َ‫ٛل‬2543(35َ٣‫٣٘خ‬3122ٙ ،)2:7.

48. -59-
‫حُ٘ل٘ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٞؿٜش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ‫روٜي‬ ،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ،‫ؿِث٤خ‬
ُ‫ٝح‬.ْٜ‫ٝا٣وخك‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٖ٤١ٍٞ‫حُٔظ‬ ٙ‫ٝحألٗوخ‬ ‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ١َ‫ظل‬
‫ك٤خُطٜخ‬ ‫طؼي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ،‫َٓ٘ٝػش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ر٘ل٘ش‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٍُٞ‫ٓي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣َحى‬
.‫الٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ‫ٓؼيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫أىحس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓظلِٜش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬
060
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫٣ٔ٘ق‬.‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َ‫ٝطوز‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٠ُٞ‫طظ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫اؿَحء‬
َٟ‫ٓلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓل٠َح‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬.ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫ٓ٘لض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُللخظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ِّ‫٣ِظ‬
.‫حُلَع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
160
ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫ٓ٘ق‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َ‫٣ئؿ‬
ٓ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫رؼِٔ٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ٖ٤١ٍٞ‫ٝحُٔظ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٢‫َطٌز‬
.‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝؿٜظٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُ٘ل٘ش‬ ٍٞٛٞ‫ر‬ ِٚٔ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬
‫انضحبٚب‬ ‫حًبٚخ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
602
٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫ًٔطخُذ‬ ‫حالٗظٜخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫رلو‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٖٓ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
ّ‫أٓخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ُٚ ‫٣وُٜٞخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُلوٞم‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬.
‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ِ‫حُٔ٘ـ‬ َ٠‫رخُٔل‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬
‫أٓخٜٓخ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫٣ٔؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.
28-ٙ‫أػال‬ ٌٍَٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ُٔ‫ح‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫خىس‬48.21ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٢٠‫٣و‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬33.12،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ،ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔزِـ‬ ‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫ٝؿ٤َٛخ‬ ًٞ‫حُ٘ل‬ ٍ‫ٝحٓظـال‬ ّ‫ٝحالهظال‬ ‫حَُٗٞس‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬2.22.275‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:
ٖٓ‫حُوؼيس‬ ١ً2543(28َ‫أًظٞر‬3122)،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6:99‫رظخٍ٣ن‬33‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ2543(31َ‫أًظٞر‬
3122)،ٙ6234.

49. -5:-
603
ُِٔ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ّٞ‫٣و‬َ٤‫طيحر‬ ً‫رخطوخ‬ ،ٜٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ًَ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِي‬
‫هي‬ ٍَٟ ًَ ٖٓ ٚ‫ٓٔظٌِخط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهخٍر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫أكَحى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫رظؤ‬ ‫حٌُل٤ِش‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬
٢ِ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬ ٍٖٛ ‫٣ٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ،ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ُٚ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬:
-‫رخُٜٔخُق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫رخَُ٘١ش‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ٢‫ٛخطل‬ ْ‫ٍه‬١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫حألٓ٘٤ش‬
‫حُلٔخ٣ش؛‬ ‫ُطِذ‬ ‫ٝهض‬
-‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش؛‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ألهخٍر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫ألكَحى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ُٚ ‫ؿٔي٣ش‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬
-‫رخُٜٞ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫اك٘خء‬ ّ‫ٝػي‬ ‫حإلهخٓش‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬.
‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫رخَُػخ٣ش‬ ٜٚ٤ٜ‫ٝطو‬ ٚ‫ٓوظ‬ ‫١ز٤ذ‬ ٍ‫أٗظخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ َٝ‫ػ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ح‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،‫حُالُٓش‬‫الهظ٠خء‬.
َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫ًخك٤ش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ‫ٓٔظلن‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫كؼِ٤ش‬ ‫ٟٔخٗش‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬.
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫رظيحر‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫٣ظٔظغ‬
93-7ٝ93-8ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،ٙ‫أىٗخ‬.
َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬‫ح‬ 8‫ٔانخجزاء‬ ‫انشٕٓد‬ ‫ًبٚخ‬
604
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿي٣ش‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫ٛ٘خى‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫ه٠٤ش‬ ١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ‫٣لن‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهخٍر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫أكَحى‬ ‫ك٤خس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٜٓخُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـٔي٣ش‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ك٤خط‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬
‫اًح‬ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫ٓخى‬ ٍَ٠ُ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫ُِوط‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ْٜ‫ٜٓخُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـٔي٣ش‬ ْٜ‫ٓالٓظ‬٠ُ‫أى‬ ‫ٓخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ـن‬ ٢‫هخٟـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ‫ًٝ٤ـ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫اكخىط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬–
ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬-‫حُز٘ٞى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫أكي‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬7ٝ8ٝ9‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ
93-8‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حألٓزخد‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬.
605
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ،ٜٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ًَ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظزي٣ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حالهظال‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ًٞ‫حُ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حٓظـال‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُٗٞس‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُـي‬219ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫حُظيحر‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحكيح‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ َ٤:
-1َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬‫؛‬
-2‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ‫رخُو٠٤ش‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ‫اهلخء‬
‫حُلو٤و٤ش؛‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،َ٤‫حُوز‬ ‫اكخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٜٗخىس‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬

50. -61-
-3ٍ‫ٓٔظؼخ‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫ط‬‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٛل٤لش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
‫حُلو٤و٤ش؛‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫حُـ‬ ‫طؼَف‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ّ‫ٓظوي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
- 4٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٖٟٔ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ٢‫حُلو٤و‬ ٕ‫حُؼ٘ٞح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ّ‫ػي‬
َ٤‫حُوز‬ ‫اكخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٜٗخىس‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ِ‫ط٘ـ‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،
‫ػ٘ٞحٗٚ؛‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬
5-‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ َ‫ٓو‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ٕ‫ػ٘ٞح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬
ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫َٓس‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حٓظيػ‬ ‫هي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ُِ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش؛‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬
- 6‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬ ٍٖٛ ‫ٟٝغ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ،ٚ‫اكخىط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬ ٠ُ‫أى‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫هي‬ َ‫كؼ‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫اُحء‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬ ‫رخَُٔػش‬ ‫اٗؼخٍٛخ‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ‫٣ظ‬ ٠‫كظ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫رخَُ٘١ش‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ٢‫ٛخطل‬
‫أهخٍرٚ؛‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫٣ٜيى‬
7-‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫َُهخرش‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫٣ٔظويٜٓخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜٞحطق‬ ‫اه٠خع‬
‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬‫ُلٔخ٣ظٚ؛‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘
8-ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ‫ؿٔي٣ش‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬
َ‫ُِوط‬ ٚ‫أهخٍر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫أكَحى‬ ‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬.
َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫ًخك٤ش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٟٔخٗش‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ ‫ٓٔظلن‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫كؼِ٤ش‬.
606
ٖٓ ‫حُز٘ٞى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫أكي‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ‫ؿخٗذ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬3٠ُ‫ا‬6‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ
‫اٗخٍس‬ ٍٖٛ ‫٣ٟٞغ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ‫حُلو٤و٤ش‬ ‫رخُٜٞ٣ش‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،‫حُٔخروش‬
‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٝكيٛخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُظطِغ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬.
‫اًح‬ ،ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ُ‫ؿخ‬ ،‫حُيكخع‬ ‫كن‬ ‫ُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫ٍَٟٝ٣خ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُ٘ق‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫حُٞك٤يس‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ٢ٛ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ‫اكخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٜٗخىس‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حػظزَص‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬
‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ‫َٗ٣طش‬ ،ٚ‫ٓٞحكوظ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُلو٤و٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫رخٌُ٘ق‬ ‫حُٔٔخف‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬
ُٚ ‫حٌُخك٤ش‬.
ّ‫ػي‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫هٍَص‬ ‫اًح‬‫اكخىس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٜٗخىس‬ َ‫طؼظز‬ ‫ال‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حٌُ٘ق‬
‫رٔلَىٛخ‬ ‫كـش‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫ٓـَى‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬.
‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬8ٍٛ‫انًجهغ‬ ‫حًبٚخ‬
607
ٟ‫اكي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤ش‬ ٖٔ‫ٝرل‬ ‫ٝؿ٤ٜش‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫ربرالؽ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُِٔزِؾ‬ ‫٣لن‬
‫حُٔخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫ىس‬93-8‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬

51. -62-
٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحكي‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ،ٜٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ًَ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬93-8ٙ‫أػال‬.
ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طؤى٣ز٤خ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔزِـ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫أل٣ش‬ ‫هالكخ‬
ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َُٔ‫ح‬ ‫اك٘خء‬ْٜ‫ِٓحُٝظ‬ ‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حإل١الع‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،٢
ْٜٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬.
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤ش‬ ‫رٔٞء‬ ‫رخإلرالؽ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٟ‫إلكي‬ ‫ٛل٤لش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ٝهخثغ‬
ٖ٤ِٜ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬47:ٝ481ٖٓ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬.
‫انحًبٚخ‬ ‫َطبق‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
6022
ٌٖٔ٣َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ،ٜٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ًَ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ
َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔزِـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ‫حُٔظوٌس‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬
‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ،‫اُـخإٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬.
ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٠‫كظ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ َٔ‫طٔظ‬‫ًُي‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬.
.ٚ‫كٔخ٣ظ‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ٌ‫حُٔظو‬ َ٤‫رخُظير‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ٝك‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
61
;‫اُِحٓ٤خ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٌٕٞ٣
2‫ح‬ َٜ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫رخإلػيح‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼخهذ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ )٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫ُلي‬
‫ٓ٘ش؛‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرش‬
3‫حألكيحع؛‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔطٌزش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ )
4ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ٚ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ )
29
.
،‫حألكيحع‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔطٌزش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٖٓ ‫ًُي‬ ‫ػيح‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬ ٌٕٞ٣
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ٝك‬.َ‫أًؼ‬
29-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫حُٔٔ٤ظش‬ َ٤ُٔ‫ح‬ ‫كٞحىع‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اُِحٓ٤ش‬ ٍ‫حُٔؼخ‬ َ٤‫ٓز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫حٗظ‬248ٖٓ
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬63.16‫حُط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤ُٔ‫ح‬ ‫رٔيٝٗش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫َم‬2.21.18‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37ٖٓ
َ‫ٛل‬2542(22َ٣‫كزَح‬3121)،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6935‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬9َ‫ح٥ه‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2542(36
ٍّ‫ٓخ‬3121ٙ ،)3279.

52. -63-
62
١َ‫٣ـ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫رخُٜٔخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ُٞٝ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬
.ْ‫حُظِز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔوُٞش‬
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ٌٛح‬‫ٟي‬ ْٔ‫حُِٔظ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬.ٍٜٞ‫ٓـ‬
١‫أل‬ ‫حُظٜٔش‬ ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫٣لن‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫كخػال‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أِٛ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓٔخٛٔخ‬
‫ٓ٘خًٍخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٞهخ‬‫ثغ‬‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫اًح‬ِْ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٞهخثغ‬َُْ٘٣‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣َكغ‬‫كخال‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫حٌُ٘خ٣خص‬َٟ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬.‫رٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬‫َٓكوش‬،٢ٌ‫ُِٔ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔطخُذ‬ْ‫٣ظ‬‫حإلؿَحء‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬‫ٜٗض‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬:4.ٙ‫رؼي‬
63
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬–ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬–‫ٛخُلش‬ ‫٣َحٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫رـٔ٤غ‬
.‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٌُِ٘ق‬
‫رٔطخروظٜخ‬ ‫٣ٜ٘ي‬ ‫َٓهٔش‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ٖٓ ‫طٔظوَؽ‬ ٍٞٛ‫حأل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬
٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ َٛ‫ُأل‬‫حُٔخىس‬97.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
64
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ٞ‫رزؼ‬‫اؿَحءحص‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ُ‫ؿخ‬ُٚ‫رٜلش‬
‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٌِق‬‫ربٗخرش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ٟزخ١خ‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬ٌٙٛ،‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ٖٟٔ
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظللظخص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٝٓغ‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬29:ٝ2:1ٝ2:4‫رؼي‬.ٙ
‫ثبنزحمٛك‬ ‫انًكهف‬ ٙ‫انمبض‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
65
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫اُِحٓ٤خ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓخىس‬،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ٝحهظ٤خٍ٣خ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓخىس‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫رلغ‬
ٍٞ‫ك‬‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ٝكخُظ‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬.‫ٝحالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬
‫ربؿَحء‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫ٝ٣و‬‫رلغ‬ٍٞ‫ك‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫حٌُل٤ِش‬َ٤ٜٔ‫رظ‬‫اػخىس‬‫اىٓخؽ‬
٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬،‫حُٔـظٔغ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬َ‫طو‬ ُٚ٘ٓٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًٝخٗض‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
.٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٟ‫ٝحٍطؤ‬ ،‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬
ٚ‫ٗو‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫رٌُي‬ ‫٣ٌِق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣
.‫حُزلغ‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ‫ٓئِٛش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣٠خف‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ٖ٣ٌٞ‫ط‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬

53. -64-
66
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬٢‫ك‬١‫أ‬‫ٝهض‬ً‫رخطوخ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫حُٔل٤يس‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٍَ‫٣و‬
‫اؿَحء‬ٚ‫كل‬٢‫١ز‬ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٌِق‬‫١ز٤زخ‬ّ‫رخُو٤خ‬ٚ‫رلل‬٢‫١ز‬.٢ٗ‫ٗلٔخ‬
ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢‫طِو‬ ‫رؼي‬١‫ٍأ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫ربه٠خع‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ُؼالؽ‬‫ٟي‬،ْٔٔ‫حُظ‬‫اًح‬
َٜ‫ظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔويٍحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ‫حٌُل‬ ٢١‫طؼخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗخطؾ‬ ِٖٓٓ ْٔٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ٜٓخد‬
.‫حُؼوِ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئػَحص‬ ‫ًحص‬
َٗ‫٣زخ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُؼالؽ‬‫آخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٞؿي‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٍٖٛ‫حالػظوخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝآخ‬
‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫ٓظوٜٜش‬‫كٔذ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٝطظٞهق‬ ،ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫أػ٘خء‬
‫ٓيس‬‫حُؼالؽ‬‫ٝ٣لظلع‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬.ُٚٞ‫رٔلؼ‬
‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٙٞ‫كل‬ ‫اؿَحء‬‫كال‬ ،‫ُِؼالؽ‬ ٚ‫اه٠خػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٞ‫ٍك‬
‫حُطِذ‬‫اال‬َٓ‫رؤ‬.َِ‫ٓؼ‬
67
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫ٟٝؼٜخ‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫كظق‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ططِذ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬
ٌَ‫ر‬‫اؿَحء‬‫ٓل٤ي‬ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬،‫حُلو٤وش‬١‫ٝرؤ‬‫اؿَحء‬١ٍَٟٝ‫ُِللخظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حأل‬‫ٝهخٛش‬‫ٟٝغ‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٖٛ‫اٗخٍس‬.‫حُؼيحُش‬
‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ططِذ‬‫اٟخك٤ش‬ ‫رِٔظٔٔخص‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫أػ٘خء‬َ‫َٓحك‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫ؿخ٣ش‬.ٚ‫اٜٗخث‬
‫ٝ٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ْ‫ُ٘ل‬‫حُـخ٣ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ططِذ‬‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬‫ِٓق‬‫َٗ٣طش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ٚ‫اٍؿخػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬.‫ٓخػش‬
‫اًح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬‫أال‬‫ٓٞؿذ‬ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔطِٞرش‬
،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫رٌُي‬‫أَٓح‬ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ٓؼِال‬‫حُؤٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ْ٣‫ُظوي‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حأله٤َس‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬245.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
72
‫اًح‬‫طؼيى‬‫ه٠خس‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٝحكيس‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٖٓ‫٣لون‬٢‫ك‬ًَ
‫ه٠٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫كيس‬
72
ٌٖٔ٣‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫ٝآخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٌٖٔ٣ًٝ‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬
ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬‫ُِـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓلذ‬‫ه٠٤ش‬ٖٓ
ٝ‫هخ‬‫ُِظلو٤ن‬‫ٝاكخُظٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٝ‫هخ‬َ‫آه‬‫ُِظلو٤ن‬‫ٟٔخٗخ‬ٖٔ‫ُل‬َ٤ٓ.‫حُؼيحُش‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬‫حُـَكش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُطِذ‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫طِٜٞٛخ‬‫ٝال‬ ٚ‫ر‬َ‫٣وز‬‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬
١‫أ‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬

54. -65-
ْ٤ُ‫ٌُٜح‬ْٔ‫حُِٔظ‬١‫أ‬َ‫أػ‬.‫حُزلغ‬ َ٤ُٔ ‫ٓٞهق‬
َٙ‫انًذ‬ ‫انطزف‬ ‫رُصٛت‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
70
ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَُ ٌٖٔ٣٠‫حىػ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٍَ٠‫ط‬ٖٓ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٜ٘ذ‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬‫١َكخ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬
ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ٘٣ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
71
ْ٣‫ُظوي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬
.ٚ‫ِٓظٔٔخط‬
.ٍٜٞ‫ٓـ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ‫ٟي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ‫ٟي‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫طل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫طلو٤ن‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬
‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬‫ال‬‫طٔظٞؿذ‬‫هخٗٞٗخ‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫ُٞؿٞى‬‫أٓزخد‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬
،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫ال‬َ‫طوز‬١‫أ‬‫طٌ٤٤ق‬َ‫ؿ‬٢ٓ٠‫كظ‬َُٞٝ‫حكظ‬ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝؿٞىٛخ‬
.‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُ٘ٞع‬ ٖٓ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫رٌُي‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫كؼ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚ‫حُظٔٔظ‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ‫ٓوخُلخ‬ ‫ٓٞهلخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٌ‫حطو‬ ‫اًح‬
.ً‫ال‬ِ‫ٓؼ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬‫ال‬‫طيػٜٔخ‬‫أٓزخد‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬‫ال‬‫طزٍَٛخ‬
‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬،‫حُٔويٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٔ‫طِظ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫كظق‬‫طلو٤ن‬‫ٓئهض‬ٍٞ‫ك‬١‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫هي‬
‫٣ٌ٘ق‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬.‫حُزلغ‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظٔغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٝ‫أ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬
٢‫ك‬‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ْٜ‫رٜلظ‬،‫ٜٗٞىح‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُٔخىس‬229‫ٝا١الع‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ٓوظ٠٤خطٜخ‬‫ًُٝي‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ‫٣ظ‬ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬،ْٜ‫حُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ؿي٣يس‬‫ٟي‬.ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬
72
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣ظوي‬ٚ‫رطِزخط‬‫رؼي‬‫كظق‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ٝك‬‫أ٣ش‬‫َٓكِش‬ٖٓ،ِٚ‫َٓحك‬
‫ًٝ٤لٔخ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٗٞع‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬‫آخ‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫أ‬‫١َف‬َ‫آه‬ ٢ٗ‫ٓي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٘خُع‬
٢‫ك‬ٍٞ‫هز‬‫١ِزخص‬‫حُطَف‬.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬:6‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٞٛ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ّ‫أهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
‫٣زض‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬َٓ‫رؤ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬‫رؼي‬‫ح١الع‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫حُِٔق‬

55. -66-
73
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫ال‬ٜ‫ٓل‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬ ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
‫حُٔٔخػيس‬‫ُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ١ٍَٟٝ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َٝ‫٣لظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫٣ٞىع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬ ،ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫ُإل٣يحع‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ُٚ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
.٢ٌ‫ُِٔ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلٌٓخٗ٤خص‬ ٢‫٣َحػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ
‫اًح‬‫أه٤ٔض‬ٌٟٙٛٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٓٞظق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ‫ٟي‬٢ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬‫أ‬ٝ‫طخرغ‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬‫ُِِٔطش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوٞس‬
،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬َٜ‫ٝظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُيُٝش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َٔ‫طظل‬‫حُٔٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫ؿَحء‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،‫طخرؼٜخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ربهخٓظٜخ‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬.‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬
74
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ْ٤‫٣و‬ ‫ال‬ ٢ٗ‫ٓي‬ ‫١َف‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طِي‬ ‫ريحثَس‬ ‫ٓٞ١٘خ‬ ٍ‫٣وظخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫اًح‬َُْ‫٣وظ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬،‫ٓٞ١٘خ‬‫كال‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣‫حُيكغ‬ّ‫رؼي‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬٢‫حُظ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬‫طزِ٤ـٜخ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
75
‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٢‫طِو‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫ربكخُش‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٙ‫ىػٞح‬ ْ٤‫ُ٤و‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬
.‫ك٤ٜخ‬
76
‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬َٓ‫أ‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫رؼي‬‫كظق‬‫طلو٤ن‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬‫ٝأٛزق‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
،ً‫خ‬٤‫ٜٗخث‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٌَُٝٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬،‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِزٞح‬ٖٓ٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬
ْٜ٠٣ٞ‫طؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ْٜ‫رلو‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬
‫رخُٞٗخ٣ش‬.‫حٌُخًرش‬
‫ٔانحجش‬ ‫ٔانزفزٛش‬ ‫انزُمم‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
77
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬٠ُ‫ا‬١‫أ‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫إلؿَحء‬‫حُٔؼخ٣٘خص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔل٤يس‬ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬.ٖ٤‫رظلظ‬
َ‫ٝ٣٘ؼ‬‫رٌُي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ُٔٔؼِٜخ‬ٍ‫حُو٤خ‬٢‫ك‬.ٚ‫َٓحكوظ‬
ٙ‫٣ٔخػي‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬‫ىحثٔخ‬‫ًخطذ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
ٍَ‫٣ل‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٓل٠َح‬‫رٔخ‬ِٙ‫أٗـ‬.ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ ٖٓ

56. -67-
222
،ٚ‫رٔلٌٔظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬‫ٛلزش‬ٚ‫ًخطز‬‫هٜي‬
ّ‫حُو٤خ‬‫ربؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬‫اًح‬‫حٓظِِٓض‬‫ًُي‬
‫ٓظطِزخص‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫ٓويٓخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫ٓ٤٘ظو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
.‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ ‫ىحثَس‬
222
١َ‫٣ـ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هي‬َ‫٣ؼؼ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أٗ٤خء‬ٌٕٞ٣‫حًظ٘خكٜخ‬‫ٓل٤يح‬
ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬.‫حُلو٤وش‬
‫ٝ٣ـذ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬‫حُزطال‬‫٣ظو٤ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٕ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬6:ٝ71ٝ73.
22030
،‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ه٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍِ٘ٓ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫ٓ٤ـ‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ‫حألٝهخص‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ َٙٗ‫٣زخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬73ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫َٗ٣طش‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ٝرل‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٚ‫ر‬
ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٟخرط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣٘ظيد‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫ٝروَح‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬
‫إلؿَحء‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخػخص‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬
221
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬١َ‫ٓ٤ـ‬٢‫ك‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍِٓ٘،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫حٓظيػخء‬‫ٍد‬ٍُِ٘ٔ‫ح‬ِٚ‫٣٘ـ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬
،ٍٙٞ٠‫ُل‬ٕ‫كب‬‫طـ٤ذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬١َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ٖ٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ٖٓٚ‫أهخٍر‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٍٙ‫أٜٛخ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬‫ٝاًح‬ .ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬،‫ًُي‬ْ‫ك٤ظ‬‫اؿَحء‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ٖ٣‫ٗخٛي‬‫ال‬
‫طَرطٜٔخ‬‫ػالهش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُِٔطش‬ ‫حُظزؼ٤ش‬
‫٣ـذ‬َُٔ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رٌظٔخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِِٚٓ٣ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ‫٣٘ـِٜخ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
.َُٔ‫ح‬ ‫ًُي‬ ّ‫حكظَح‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ‫حُالُٓش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٌ‫طظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ ،ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫رٌٔظذ‬ َٟ‫ٓ٤ـ‬ ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬
‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٗو٤ذ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٚ‫٣٘ظير‬ َ‫آه‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٖٝٓ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ١‫رؤ‬
‫حٌُٔٔ٘ش‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬
31
.
30-‫حُٔخىس‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ‫طٔٔض‬213ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬
31-‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ َ‫حٗظ‬3‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ6:ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬39.19ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫ُٜٔ٘ش‬
‫حُٔلخٓخس‬;

57. -68-
222
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣ٔظٞؿذ‬‫حُزلغ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫رخُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُظو٤ي‬ ‫ك٤ـذ‬ ،‫ٝػخثن‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬6:ٌٕٞ٣ٝ ،٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٙ‫ٝكي‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ُ٠خر‬
‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬ٖٓ‫كن‬ ٚ‫١َك‬‫حال١الع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬َ‫هز‬‫كـِٛخ‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫٣ظؼِن‬
.٢‫حُوخٍؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ِ‫حُيحه‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫رؤ‬ ُْٔ‫رخ‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫اكٜخء‬ ٍٞ‫حُل‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬‫حُٔلـُٞس‬‫ٟٝٝغ‬ّ‫حألهظخ‬.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫اًح‬١َ‫أؿ‬ِ‫حُلـ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٗوٞى‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓزخثي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓ٘يحص‬ٝ‫أ‬ْ٤‫ه‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أٍٝحم‬‫طـخٍ٣ش‬ٌُْٖ٣
‫حالكظلخظ‬‫رٜخ‬‫ػ٤٘خ‬‫ٍَٟٝ٣خ‬٤‫حُلو‬ ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬‫وش‬‫ُِٔلخكظش‬ ٝ‫أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫كوٞم‬،‫حأل١َحف‬٢ٟ‫كِوخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬‫ٌُخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢‫ك‬‫ا٣يحػٜخ‬‫آخ‬‫رٜ٘يٝم‬‫حإل٣يحع‬َ٤‫ٝحُظير‬‫ٝآخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ر٘ي‬
.‫حُٔـَد‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫كظق‬ّ‫حألهظخ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬ َُ‫ٝك‬‫اال‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٓئحٍُح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫رٔلخ‬‫رؼي‬
‫حٓظيػخثٜٔخ‬،‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٝ‫كَحٍأ‬.‫حألٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓزذ‬ ١‫أل‬ ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬
‫اًح‬١َ‫أؿ‬ِ‫حُلـ‬ٟ‫ُي‬َ٤‫حُـ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬214،ٙ‫أػال‬٠‫ك٤يػ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬ٍٞ٠‫ُل‬
‫ٝال‬ ،‫حُؼِٔ٤ش‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣زو‬‫طلض‬ِ‫حُلـ‬ٟٞٓ‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬‫حُٔل٤يس‬
ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬‫حُلو٤وش‬٢‫ٝحُظ‬‫هي‬َ٠٣‫حٌُ٘ق‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬َ٤ٔ‫ر‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٖٖٓ٤٤٘‫حُٔؼ‬َٓ‫رخأل‬ٕ‫أ‬ِْٔ‫ط‬ُْٜ٢‫ك‬‫أهَد‬‫ٝهض‬
‫ٗٔوش‬ٖٓ‫حُٞػخثن‬َٔ‫حُٔٔظ‬،َٛ‫ُأل‬ ‫ٓطخروظٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫٣ٜخىم‬ ‫كـِٛخ‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ
ٍٝ‫٣ظؼخ‬‫ًُي‬‫ٓغ‬‫ٓظطِزخص‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
223
ًَ‫ارالؽ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اك٘خء‬‫ُٞػ٤وش‬‫ٝهغ‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ْٖٓ‫٣ظ‬ ،ٖ٤‫طلظ‬‫ُلخثيس‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ُ٤ٔض‬ُٚ
‫ٛالك٤ش‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫ُال١الع‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓٞحكوش‬ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬١ًٝٚ‫كوٞه‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٔٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ‫ٝؿٜض‬ًَٝ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬َ‫آه‬ٌُٜٙ،‫حُٞػ٤وش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ْ‫رخُلز‬
ٖٓ ‫ٝرـَحٓش‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٖ٣َٜٗ ٖٓ6.111٠ُ‫ا‬41.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
224
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ُِٝطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٌَُٝٚ‫ٗو‬َ‫آه‬٢‫٣يػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ُٚ‫كوٞهخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٗ٢ء‬‫ٓلظلع‬
ٚ‫ر‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ٙ‫الٓظَىحى‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫١ِز‬ ّ‫٣وي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚ٘ٔ‫ػ‬ ‫حٓظَىحى‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ٌٍ‫ُظؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫طِل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫كٔخى‬ ‫ه٘٤ش‬ ٚ‫ر٤ؼ‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫٣زِؾ‬ًَ‫١ِذ‬ٚٓ‫هي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫حُـ‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٌَُٝ‫حأل١َحف‬
.َٟ‫حأله‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٛئالء‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ْٜ‫ٓالكظخط‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ػالػش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬.‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬
‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫اال‬ ،‫رخُٜٔ٘ش‬ ‫ِٛش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ،ٚ‫ٌُٔظز‬ ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫رلغ‬ ١‫أ‬ َٟ‫٣ـ‬ ‫"ال‬
."ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬

58. -69-
ٌ‫أه‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٖٓ ُٚ ّ‫هي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣زض‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚٝ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬
ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫ُأل١َحف‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ َ٤ٓ ٢‫ك‬ َ٤‫طؤه‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫حُطِذ‬‫ٛخىٍح‬ٖ‫ػ‬ِٖٔ‫ك‬ ،َ٤‫حُـ‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َ‫ٓؼ‬٢‫رخه‬‫حأل١َحف‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٚ‫ٓالكظخط‬،‫ٌٓظٞرش‬ٌُٖ‫ال‬‫٣لن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬‫٣طخُذ‬‫ِٓق‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬
ٍٖٛ.ٚ‫اٗخٍط‬
225
٠‫٣زو‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٓوظٜخ‬‫رخُزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ٍى‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ُٞٝ‫رؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫هَح‬ّ‫رؼي‬
.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٚ‫هَحٍحط‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُـَكش‬ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫ُٔخ‬‫ؿخء‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬
‫انزمبط‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انجبة‬‫االرصبل‬ ‫ثٕطبئم‬ ‫انًُجشح‬ ‫ٔاالرصبالد‬ ‫انًكبنًبد‬
‫ثؼذ‬ ٍ‫ػ‬
226
‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫رٞٓخث‬ ‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬ ‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ ‫٣ٔ٘غ‬
‫كـِٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫أه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬
32
.
١‫رخُظوخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫حٌُٔخُٔخ‬‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫ًٝخكش‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬ ‫ص‬
.‫كـِٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫ٝأه‬
‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬‫ًُي‬ٖٓ ‫ًظخرش‬ ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬،‫حالطٜخالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬ ‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫رخُظوخ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬
ِ‫حُٔ٘ـ‬‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫كـِٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫ٝأه‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫رٞٓخث‬ ‫س‬
‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫رؤ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬33
‫رخُؼٜخرخص‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫حإلؿَحٓ٤ش‬،ْ٤ٔٔ‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫رخُوظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬،ٖ‫حَُٛخث‬ ٌ‫ٝأه‬ ‫رخالهظطخف‬ ٝ‫أ‬،ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘وٞى‬ َ٣ِٝ‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رظِ٣٤ق‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َٝ‫حُو‬ ‫ٓ٘يحص‬،‫حُؼوِ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔئػَحص‬ ‫رخُٔويٍحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٝحُٔظلـَحص‬ ‫ٝحٌُه٤َس‬ ‫رخألِٓلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬،
.‫حُٜلش‬ ‫رلٔخ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
32-‫حُلوَس‬ َ‫حٗظ‬4َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٓ35‫ًخ‬ ‫ً٤لٔخ‬ ،‫حُ٘وٜ٤ش‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ ‫ط٘ظٜي‬ ‫ال‬ " ;‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ.‫ٌِٜٗخ‬ ٕ
َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫اال‬ ،ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫رخٓظؼٔخُٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رؼ٠خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًال‬ ،‫َٗ٘ٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٜٔٞٗخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخال١الع‬ ٚ٤‫حُظَه‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٝال‬
."ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٚ٘٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫ٝٝكن‬ ،٢‫ه٠خث‬
33-ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬219ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬14.14‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رٌٔخكلش‬
.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬

59. -6:-
ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬ ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫رٞٓخث‬ ‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬ ‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫رخُظوخ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬
ٔٗ ٌ‫ٝأه‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫هٞك‬ َ٤‫حُظؼـ‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ،‫ٝكـِٛخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ن‬
‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫رؤ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٍ‫حٗيػخ‬
34
‫طظؼِن‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ٌ‫رؤه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخالهظطخف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحُٔظلـَحص‬ ‫ٝحٌُه٤َس‬ ‫رخألِٓلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼوِ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔئػَحص‬ ‫رخُٔويٍحص‬
ٖ‫حَُٛخث‬.
ُِِٔ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬.ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬
‫اُـخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٣‫طؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رظؤ٣٤ي‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫أٍرغ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬
‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ٝحٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ،‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬225.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫حأل‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٠‫أُـ‬ ‫اًح‬‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ
‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ َ‫ٝطؼظز‬ ،ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ا٣وخك‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬
.ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ٕ‫ًؤ‬ ٠‫حُِٔـ‬ َٓ‫ُأل‬ ً‫ح‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬
.ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ٝال‬
‫ح‬ ْ‫طظ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫ُؼِٔ٤خص‬
.ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
227
‫طؼَف‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ َٛ‫حُؼ٘خ‬ ًَ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
ٜ١‫حُظوخ‬ ‫حَُٔحى‬ ‫رخَُٔحِٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜخطل٤ش‬ ‫رخٌُٔخُٔش‬،‫كـِٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫أه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫خ‬
.‫حُؼِٔ٤ش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ْ‫طظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔيس‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍَ‫طز‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫هخرِش‬ َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫أٍرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٖٟٔ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫َٓس‬ ‫ُِظـي٣ي‬
222
ٌٖٔ٣١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞػش‬ ‫ُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٜٔلش‬ ‫طخرغ‬ ٚ‫ٓوظ‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ًَ ٖٓ ‫ططِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗزٌش‬ ٍ‫رخٓظـال‬ ‫ٌِٓق‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ٝحَُٔحٓالص‬ ‫رخالطٜخالص‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُُٞحٍس‬ ‫ٝٛخ٣ش‬
‫ٟٝغ‬ ،ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫رويٓخص‬ ُٚ ‫ٓٔٔٞف‬ ‫ِٓٝى‬.١‫ُالُظوخ‬ ُ‫ؿٜخ‬
34-ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬219ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬

60. -71-
222
‫حٌُِٔق‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٍَ‫طل‬
‫حَُِٔٓش‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحٓالص‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ ‫ػِٔ٤خص‬ ٖٓ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ ًَ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓل٠َح‬ ،‫١َكٜخ‬ ٖٓ
٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ز‬ ،‫ٝكـِٛخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫ٝأه‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬َ
.‫ٜٗخ٣ظٜخ‬ ‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُؼِٔ٤ش‬ ‫ريح٣ش‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬
.ّٞ‫ٓوظ‬ ‫ؿالف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝػخء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحٓالص‬ ‫حُظٔـ٤الص‬ ‫طٟٞغ‬
220
‫ًظخرش‬ ‫١َكٜخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٢‫حُ٠خر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزلغ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ َ‫ط٘و‬
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓل٠َح‬ ٍَ‫ٝطل‬ ،‫رخُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬ ‫حُٔل٤يس‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫ٓلظٞ٣خص‬‫ٌٛح‬
َُُٞٓ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِظؼَف‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ١ٌٝ‫ر‬ ‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ٟٞغ‬ َ‫حُ٘و‬
.ُ‫ٝحألُـخ‬
‫رٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼَر٤ش‬ ‫حُِـش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫رِـش‬ ‫طٔض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحٓالص‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ َ‫ط٘و‬
ٍ‫أَٓح‬ ٢٘‫٣ل‬ ‫ال‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫رؤٓخٗش‬ ْ‫٣ظَؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ ١‫ٝ٣ئى‬ ،َٝ‫حُـ‬ ‫ٌُٜح‬ َ‫٣ٔو‬ ٕ‫طَؿٔخ‬
ٝ ‫حُزلغ‬.ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٖ٤ُٞ‫حُٔوز‬ ‫حُظَحؿٔش‬ ٍٝ‫رـي‬ ‫ٓٔـال‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ٕ‫ا‬ ،‫حَُٔحٓالص‬
221
‫حُظٔـ٤الص‬ ‫ارخىس‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ‫رٔزخىٍس‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬
٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫حًظٔخد‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحٓالص‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫رِٔق‬ ‫٣للع‬ ‫حإلرخىس‬ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬
222
‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٌ‫ٝأه‬ ‫ٝطٔـ٤ِٜخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ًٕٝ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ ‫رؼِٔ٤خص‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ‫هٜي‬ ،ٌٖٔ٣
ْ‫ٓ٤ظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُِظؼَف‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ،‫ٝكـِٛخ‬
‫ُالطٜخ‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ُ٘زٌش‬ َ‫ٓٔظـ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٚ١‫حُظوخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫الص‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
35.:7‫ٝحُٔٞحٛالص‬ ‫رخُزَ٣ي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.:8.273
‫رظخٍ٣ن‬3٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2529(8ْ‫أؿٔط‬2::8)
35
.
223
‫ٝرخُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َٜٗ ٖٓ ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ،‫حألٗي‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬
ٖٓ21.111٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬211.111‫رٟٞغ‬ ّ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ًَ ٢‫كو‬ ٖ٤‫حُؼوٞرظ‬ ٖ٤‫ٛخط‬ ٟ‫ربكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬
‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫َِٓٓش‬ ‫َٓحٓالص‬ َ٘ٗ ٝ‫أ‬ َٔ‫حٓظؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ريى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُظو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظوخ١خص‬ ُ‫إلٗـخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٤ؤس‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬
‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫هالك‬
35-َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ٝٚٔ٤ٔ‫طظ‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬5629‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬2529(29َ‫ٓزظٔز‬
2::8،)ٙ4832.

61. -72-
َ٘‫ػ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ٖٓ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ،‫حألٗي‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرخص‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬
٢‫اٍٛخر‬ َٝ‫ُـ‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ‫حٍطٌزض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬36
.
224
‫حُِٔط‬ ٕ‫أػٞح‬ ٖٓ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ًَ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ٗزٌش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ َ٤‫أؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ش‬
‫رخٌُ٘ق‬ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬ ّ‫هخ‬ ‫حالطٜخالص‬ ‫رويٓخص‬ ‫ِٓٝى‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُالطٜخالص‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬
َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫َِٓٓش‬ ‫َٓحٓالص‬ ‫طزي٣ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ َٜٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٍطٌذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫حُظوخ‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
.‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬
‫انشٕٓد‬ ٗ‫إن‬ ‫االطزًبع‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انجبة‬
225
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫هخ‬٢ٟ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫أكي‬ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫حٓظيػخء‬١‫أل‬ٚ‫ٗو‬َٟ٣
‫ُٔٔخع‬ ‫كخثيس‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬‫هٜي‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬،ٚٓ‫أٓخ‬ِْٔ‫ٝط‬ُٚ‫ٗٔوش‬ٖٓ.‫حالٓظيػخء‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫حٓظيػخء‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫رٞحٓطش‬ٕ‫حألػٞح‬ٖ٤٤‫حُو٠خث‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رَٓخُش‬‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫رخُطَ٣وش‬،‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬‫ًٔخ‬ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ٞ‫رٔل‬.ْٜ‫اٍحىط‬
226
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬ٚ‫ُٔٔخػ‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬،‫ٗخٛيح‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬١‫ٝ٣ئى‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬
‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬٢ُ‫٣ي‬،ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬ٙ‫ٟي‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬‫َٓكوش‬‫رخُٔطخُزش‬‫رخُلن‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬ٞ‫٣َك‬
ٚ‫ٓٔخػ‬‫رٜلش‬،‫ٗخٛي‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬َٙ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫رٌٜح‬،‫حُلن‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٚ‫٣طِؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬
ٖٔ٠٣ٝ‫ٌٛح‬‫حإلؿَحء‬٢‫ك‬،َ٠‫حُٔل‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓٔخع‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٞ‫حَُك‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫اال‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬
ٚ‫رٜلظ‬.ً‫خ‬ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬
227
‫٣ٔظٔغ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٔٔخػيس‬ٚ‫ًخطز‬٠ُ‫ا‬ًَ‫ٗخٛي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕٝ‫ٝري‬ ‫كيس‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٍَ‫٣ل‬َ٠‫ٓل‬‫رظَٜ٣ق‬.‫ٗخٛي‬ ًَ
202
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٌِٕٞٔ‫٣ظ‬‫ُـش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٜـش‬‫ُٔخٗخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٜؼذ‬ٜٚٔ‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖ٣َ‫ح٥ه‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫ٝآخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫١ِذ‬ٖٓ،‫حأل١َحف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٌَ‫ر‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٍ‫هخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫حُظَؿٔش‬‫َٗ٣طش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫رخُـخ‬ٖٓ
َٔ‫حُؼ‬29‫ٓ٘ش‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬ ‫ألىحء‬ ٞ‫ٓيػ‬ َ٤‫ٝؿ‬
36-‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫أٟ٤لض‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬226ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬14.14‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
،‫حإلٍٛخد‬‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬

62. -73-
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓلِق‬‫ٝؿذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ١‫٣ئى‬‫٣ٔ٤٘خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ‫٣ظَؿ‬
.‫رؤٓخٗش‬
‫اًح‬‫أػ٘خء‬ َ٤‫أػ‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬‫رخُظَؿٔش‬‫ِٗحع‬‫٣ظؼِن‬،‫رؤٓخٗظٜخ‬٢ٟ‫كِوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍَ‫٣و‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
ْٖٓ‫حُٔالث‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ٕ‫طَؿٔخ‬.َ‫آه‬
202
ٚ‫طٞؿ‬‫حألٓجِش‬‫ٝطَى‬‫حألؿٞرش‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬‫اًح‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫أٛٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫أرٌٔخ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫كبًح‬‫ال‬
‫٣ؼَف‬‫حٌُظخرش‬ٙ‫٣ٔخػي‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫حػظخى‬‫حُظليع‬،ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ٕ‫كب‬ٌُْٖ٣ٖٓٙ‫٣ٔخػي‬‫كخَٟح‬١‫كؤ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬
ٍ‫هخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٛ‫حُظلخ‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١َٔ‫ٝط‬ ،ٚ‫ٓؼ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُؼخُؼش‬ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬231.
ٖٔ٠٣٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬ْٓ‫ح‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬٢ٜ‫ٝحُ٘و‬ٚ٘ٓٝٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٙ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬
ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ٝح‬٢‫حُظ‬،‫أىحٛخ‬‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬.‫ًُي‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رٜٔظ‬ ‫٣٠غ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬
200
‫٣طِذ‬ٖٓ،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬َ‫هز‬‫ٓٔخع‬ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬ٍٞ‫ك‬،‫حُٞهخثغ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ز٤٘ٞح‬ْٛ‫أٓٔخء‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬
‫ٝحُ٘وٜ٤ش‬ْْٜٜ٘ٓٝ‫ٝكخُظ‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬ْٜ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬َ‫ٝٓل‬،ْٛ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ْٜ‫هز٤ِظ‬‫ٝحُلوٌس‬
٢‫حُظ‬ٕٞٔ‫٣٘ظ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫ٝٓخ‬ْٜ‫٣َرط‬‫رخأل١َحف‬ٖٓ‫هَحرش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخَٛس‬‫ٝىٍؿش‬ٌٙٛ‫حُؼالهش‬ٕ‫ا‬
،‫ٝؿيص‬.‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ١‫كخهي‬ ٖٓ ْٛ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫أكي‬ ‫آَس‬ ‫طلض‬ ِٕٞٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ًخٗٞح‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
ٚ٘٣٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ‫حألٓجِش‬‫ٝحألؿٞرش‬.‫ػٜ٘خ‬
٠ِ‫طظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رخُٔؼخهزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٜٗخىس‬.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬
201
١‫٣ئى‬ًَ‫ٗخٛي‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬‫كٔذ‬‫حُٜ٤ـش‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬
»‫رخهلل‬ ْٔ‫أه‬ْ٤‫حُؼظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫أٜٗي‬ٕٝ‫ري‬‫كوي‬‫ٝال‬،‫هٞف‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٍٞ‫أه‬‫حُلن‬ًَ‫حُلن‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬
‫ال‬‫أٜٗي‬‫اال‬‫رخُلن‬«.
‫طٔٔغ‬‫ٜٗخىس‬ٖ٣َٛ‫حُوخ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣زِـٞح‬ ُْ‫حُؼخٓ٘ش‬‫ػَ٘س‬َْٖٓٛٔ‫ػ‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬.ٖ٤ٔ٣
٠‫٣ؼل‬ٍٞٛ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ٝكَٝػ‬ٖٓ ٚ‫ُٝٝؿ‬‫أىحء‬.ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬
‫ال‬‫٣ؼي‬‫ٓززخ‬ٕ‫ُِزطال‬‫أىحء‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ٖٓٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ٠‫ٓؼل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬‫كخهي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬َّٝ‫ٓل‬ٖٓ
‫أىحء‬.‫حُٜ٘خىس‬
202
٠‫٣يػ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫رٔـَى‬‫حالٗظٜخء‬ٖٓ‫أىحء‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫هَحءس‬‫ٜٜٗخ‬‫ًٔخ‬‫ٗوِض‬،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫طٔٔي‬‫رٔخ‬‫َٛف‬،ٚ‫ر‬‫٣طِذ‬ٚ٘ٓ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬َ٤٣ٌ‫ٝط‬ًَ‫ٛللش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫كيس‬

63. -74-
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬،‫أٓ٤خ‬ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٚٗ‫حُٜ٘خىس‬ْ‫ػ‬‫٣٠غ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ٚ‫رٜٔظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ًَ‫ٛللش‬‫ريال‬َٖٓ٤٣ٌ‫ط‬‫حُٜللخص‬‫ٝحُظٞه٤غ‬.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫اًح‬ٞ‫ٍك‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫حُظٞه٤غ‬‫حُزٜٔش‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬.َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ،‫ًُي‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫٣ٞهغ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝحٌُخطذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ،‫ٛللش‬‫ًٌُٝي‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫طٔض‬‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬.ٚ‫ر‬
203
ٖ٣َ‫آه‬ ‫ٜٗٞى‬ ٖ٤‫ٝر‬ ٚ٘٤‫ر‬ ‫ٓٞحؿٜش‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫٣ٔظـٞد‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظ٘خُُٞح‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ْٜ‫ىكخػ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ًْٜ‫ربَٗح‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،‫َٛحكش‬ ‫ًُي‬
.‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬ ‫حُٔل٤يس‬ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ ‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ ٚ٤‫ط٘و‬
204
‫٣ـذ‬‫أال‬ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬١‫أ‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬‫ًظخرش‬ٖ٤‫ر‬،ٍٞ‫حُٔط‬‫ٝ٣ٜخىم‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ًٝخطذ‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬،‫ٝحُ٘خٛي‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣وغ‬ٖٓ‫ط٘ط٤زخص‬‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِلن‬،ٖٓ‫رخُٜخ‬
٢‫ٝك‬ٍ‫كخ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حُٜٔخىهش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬َ‫طؼظز‬ٕ‫ًؤ‬ُْ.ٌٖ‫ط‬
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ُْ‫٣ٞهغ‬‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬‫ٛل٤لش‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫حُٜللخص‬٢‫حُظ‬ُْ
َ٣ٌ‫ط‬ٝ‫أ‬ُْ‫٣وغ‬‫رٜٜٔخ‬ٖٓ‫ُِٔخىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٚ٘٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُ٘خٛي‬232
.ٙ‫أػال‬
205
‫٣لن‬ٌَُ‫ٗخٛي‬َ٠‫ك‬‫ألىحء‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬ٕ‫أ‬َٜ‫٣ل‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫١ِز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫طؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬
،ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫طؼ‬.‫حإلهخٓش‬ُٚٝ‫أ٣٠خ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظَى‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬.َ‫حُٔل‬
ٟ‫طئى‬ٌٙٛ‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬‫ٝحُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫كٍٞح‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ليىٛخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُِظؼَ٣لش‬
.‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
206
‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ‫رَٓخُش‬ ‫آخ‬ ،ٕ‫ػخ‬ ‫حٓظيػخء‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬
ّ‫رخالٓظال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رخٓظيػخء‬‫رِؾ‬‫رٜلش‬‫رطَ٣وش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِظزِ٤ؾ‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
٢‫ٝرو‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬،ٟٝ‫ؿي‬ُ‫ؿخ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬َٙ‫٣ـز‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫رؤىحء‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬
2.311ٝ23.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫اًح‬َ٠‫ك‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫رؼي‬ّ‫ٝهي‬ً‫ح‬ٍ‫حػظٌح‬،ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬ٙ‫اػلخإ‬ٖٓ‫حُـَحٓش‬‫ًِ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿِث٤خ‬‫رؼي‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
ْ‫ٗل‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫حُؼوٞرش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٔظ٘غ‬
ْ‫ٍؿ‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ٖٖٓ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ ‫أىحء‬ٖٓٝ‫أ‬‫حإلىالء‬ً‫خ‬٤‫ؿِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ًِ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫اػلخإ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ،ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ َ‫هز‬ ٚ‫حٓظ٘خػ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ػي‬ ‫اًح‬

64. -75-
ٍ‫ٝطٜي‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌَٙٛٓ‫أ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬١‫أل‬ َ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
207
ٌ‫ط٘ل‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُيٍى‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫طٔو‬ٚ‫ٓٞؿ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬َ٤‫حُظير‬ٌ‫حُٔظو‬
ٍ‫إلؿزخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫حُٔظوِق‬ٖ‫ػ‬،ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫كٍٞح‬‫ٝٓزخَٗس‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌ‫حطو‬
.َ٤‫حُظير‬
212
ٖٓ ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬َٜٗ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬‫ٝرـَحٓش‬ٖٓ2.311٠ُ‫ا‬21.111ٝ‫أ‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬
ٟ‫ربكي‬ٖ٤‫ٛخط‬ٖ٤‫حُؼوٞرظ‬٢‫كو‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬‫َٛف‬‫ػالٗ٤ش‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬‫٣ؼَف‬‫َٓطٌذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬‫ؿ٘لش‬
ٞ‫ٍٝك‬‫حُـٞحد‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألٓجِش‬‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٜيى‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
212
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ْ٤‫٣و‬‫رخُيحثَس‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٠‫ٝحىػ‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬،ٚٓ‫أٓخ‬ٕ‫كب‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ُٔٔخع‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌُٜٙ‫حُـخ٣ش‬‫اٗخرش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ٝكوخ‬ٌَُِ٘
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬29:.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ْ٤‫٣و‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حُيحثَس‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫كب‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫٣طِذ‬ٖٓ
َٙ٤‫ٗظ‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬ْ٤‫٣و‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اهخٓش‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬
.ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬ ‫رٔٔخع‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫ال‬ْ٤‫٣و‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ٚ٤‫ك‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ َ‫ٓو‬،‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬
‫٣ٌِق‬‫أكي‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬‫رٔٔخع‬.‫حُٜ٘خىس‬
ََٓ‫ط‬‫حُظَٜ٣لخص‬‫حُٔظِوخس‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌح‬‫ُِلوَحص‬،‫حُٔخروش‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ظَف‬،ّٞ‫ٓوظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حٌُِٔق‬.‫رخُو٠٤ش‬
210
،ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٙ‫حىػخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٛلش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ٌٖٓ‫أ‬
ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫٣ل‬3.111ٝ21.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
211
‫ططزن‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬١‫حإلػيحى‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬437ٝ438‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫رٜ٘خىس‬َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬37
٢‫ٝرخه‬‫أػ٠خء‬‫حُلٌٞٓش‬٢ِ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ٍٝ‫حُي‬.‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬
37-ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ّ‫ألكٌخ‬ ‫ططز٤وخ‬ "ٍٝ‫حأل‬ َ٣ُُٞ‫"ح‬ َ‫ٓل‬ "‫حُلٌٞٓش‬ ْ٤‫"ٍث‬ ‫طٔٔ٤ش‬ ‫كِض‬.‫حُـي٣ي‬

65. -76-
‫انغٛز‬ ‫يغ‬ ّ‫ٔيٕاجٓز‬ ‫انًزٓى‬ ‫اطزُطبق‬ 8‫انظبثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
212
‫٣طِذ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٔـَى‬ُٚٞ‫ٓؼ‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ٚٓ‫أٓخ‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ٚٔٓ‫ح‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬
٢ٜ‫ٝحُ٘و‬ٚ‫ٝٗٔز‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬ٚ‫ٝالىط‬ٚ‫ٝكخُظ‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬ٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ٚ‫ٝٓٞحرو‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ُٚٝ‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌَ‫ر‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫حُظلَ٣خص‬‫ُِظلون‬ٖٓ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٔخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬
َٟٚ‫ػ‬ٚ٤‫حُظ٘و‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬.٢‫حُطز‬ ٚ‫ُِلل‬ ٚ‫اه٠خػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬
َ‫٣٘ؼ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫كٍٞح‬ٚ‫رلو‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬،ّ‫ٓلخ‬ٕ‫كب‬َُْٔ‫٣ٔظؼ‬ٚ‫كو‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حالهظ٤خ‬ٖ٤‫ػ‬
ُٚ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫١ِز‬‫ٓلخٓ٤خ‬،ٍُٙ‫ُ٤ئح‬ٚ٘٣ٝ٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
‫٣لن‬٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٖ٤‫٣ز‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َٙ‫ٝ٣٘ؼ‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬َ‫ك‬٢‫ك‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حإلىالء‬١‫رؤ‬
،‫طَٜ٣ق‬ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظـ٤ذ‬‫ُطِذ‬‫حُلَحٓش‬ ‫طلض‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٟٓٞٞػ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ‫ُطِذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬٢ٓ‫حَُح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫اه٠خػ‬ٚ‫ُلل‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ ،٢‫١ز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٚ‫ر‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬
‫اًح‬‫الكع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ػالٓخص‬ٍَ‫طز‬،ٙ‫اؿَحء‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ٌُٜٙ‫حُـخ٣ش‬‫هز٤َح‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُطذ‬
‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٚ‫٣٘ز‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٝؿٞد‬ٍٙ‫اهزخ‬ٌَ‫ر‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬،ٚٗ‫ػ٘ٞح‬ ٢‫ك‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣وظخ‬‫ٓلال‬‫ُِٔوخرَس‬ٚ‫ٓؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫اًح‬‫١خُزض‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫ك‬‫ِٓظٜٔٔخ‬‫رلظق‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫ربٛيح‬َٓ‫أ‬‫رب٣يحع‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬
ٟ‫ٝحٍطؤ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ال‬٢‫ىحػ‬‫ُالٓظـخرش‬‫ٌُٜح‬،‫حُطِذ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬َٓ‫أ‬‫رٌُي‬
َ‫ىحه‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬،‫ٓخػش‬ٚ‫٣زِـ‬ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
213
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ْ‫رخَُؿ‬ٖٓ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬‫ربؿَحء‬١‫أ‬
‫حٓظـٞحد‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٞحؿٜش‬‫اًح‬‫ىػض‬‫ٌُُي‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬‫حُ٘خطـش‬‫آخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ظَٝف‬‫ٗخٛي‬ٙ‫٣ٜيى‬
َ‫هط‬،‫حُٔٞص‬‫ٝآخ‬ٕ‫أل‬‫ػالٓخص‬‫ٓٞؿٞىس‬‫أٛزلض‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝٗي‬.ٍ‫حالٗيػخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ٘٣٢‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫أٓزخد‬.ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬
214
‫٣لن‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬‫رٔـَى‬ُٚٞ‫ٓؼ‬ٍٝ‫أل‬‫َٓس‬ّ‫أٓخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬َٜ‫٣ظ‬‫رلَ٣ش‬
.ٚ٤ٓ‫رٔلخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رٔ٘غ‬ٍ‫حطٜخ‬َ٤‫رخُـ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫هخرِش‬‫ُِظـي٣ي‬
‫َٓس‬‫ٝحكيس‬.٢‫كو‬
‫ال‬١َٔ٣‫حُٔ٘غ‬ٍٖٓ‫حالطٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬.

66. -77-
215
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٛل٤لش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ‫ٜٗذ‬‫هخٗٞٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ّ‫رٔلخ‬‫رٔـَى‬
‫حُزيء‬٢‫ك‬ٍٝ‫أ‬‫حٓظٔخع‬.ٚ‫ُظَٜ٣لخط‬
216
ٌٖٔ٣ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ُِٝطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َ‫َٓحك‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫اهزخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ْٓ‫رخ‬
٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٝهغ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬ًَ‫ٝحكي‬.‫ٜٓ٘ٔخ‬
217
‫ال‬‫ٓٔخع‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٞحؿٜظٜٔخ‬‫اال‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ًَ‫ٜٓ٘ٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫رؼي‬‫حٓظيػخء‬‫ٛئالء‬ٖ٤ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬‫رٜلش‬،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ٍُ‫٣ظ٘خ‬‫أكي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُطَك‬‫ًالٛٔخ‬‫َٛحكش‬
ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٓئحٍُس‬.‫حُيكخع‬
٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬َ‫هز‬ًَ‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ٖ٤ٓٞ٤‫ر‬ٖ٤ِٓ‫ًخ‬َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ‫رَٓخُش‬ ‫آخ‬
‫ًُي‬ ‫ٝأػزض‬ ‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٓخروش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ َٛٝ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ِْٔ٣ ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬٢‫ك‬
.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ِٓق‬ ‫٣ٟٞغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٍٖٛ‫اٗخٍس‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ‫هز‬ًَ‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ّٞ٤‫ر‬‫ٝحكي‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬.َ‫حأله‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٟٞغ‬‫حُِٔق‬ٍٖٛ٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫اٗخٍس‬‫حُطَف‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬َ‫هز‬ًَ‫حٓظٔخع‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ّٞ٤‫ر‬
‫ٝحكي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.َ‫حأله‬
.‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓالثٔخ‬ ٙ‫طَح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫اًح‬َٚٗ٠‫ٓل‬‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔٞحؿٜش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ّ‫ٝػي‬ٚ‫ىكؼ‬
١‫رؤ‬ٍ‫اهال‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رخالٓظيػخء‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رخال١الع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓق‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫ال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٔلخ‬
‫ُِطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ِٚ‫٣ٔؼ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬ َ٤‫٣ؼ‬‫حُيكغ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬.‫رؼي‬
222
٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ‫ٝال‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظ٘خٝال‬‫حٌُِٔش‬‫اال‬ٚ٤‫ُظٞؿ‬‫أٓجِش‬
‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َٙ٤‫رـ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحؿٜظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬٠ُ‫ا‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬
‫ُٜٔخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫رٌُي‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ ٕ‫كب‬ًٕ‫حإل‬‫رخٌُِٔش‬ ‫ُٜٔخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألٓجِش‬ َ٤‫طٔـ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ‫ٜٜٗخ‬ ‫اٍكخم‬
222
‫طٟٞغ‬َٟ‫ٓلخ‬‫حالٓظ٘طخهخص‬‫ٝحُٔٞحؿٜخص‬‫ٝك‬‫وخ‬‫ٌُِ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬
235ٝ237.

67. -78-
‫انزحمٛك‬ ٙ‫لبض‬ ‫أٔايز‬ 8ٍ‫انضبي‬ ‫انجبة‬
220
‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬
.ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ ‫أَٓح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬
.ٚ‫َٝٓحهزظ‬ ٚ‫اَٗحك‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬ ٌٙٛ ْ‫طظ‬
ٍ‫كَح‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝٓلذ‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ربؿالم‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣
‫ًلخُش‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬ ُٚ ‫٣لن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .‫حُزلغ‬ ‫كظَس‬ ‫١٤ِش‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُل٤خُس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالػظيحءحص‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫ؿي٣ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬ َ‫ىالث‬ ‫هخٓض‬ ٠‫ٓظ‬ ُٚٝ
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ‫ربٍؿخع‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬
‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ٟزطض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ؿي٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خُػش‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٚ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
ٌ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ُٖٔ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬.‫ُِٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫ٓلال‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُٔ ‫الُٓش‬ ٖ
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كٔخىٛخ‬ ٠٘‫٣و‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رز٤غ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ٌٍ‫ُظؼ‬
221
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٢‫ك‬ًََٓ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٗٞع‬‫حُظٜٔش‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ٝح‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫حُٔطزوش‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
ٖ٤‫طز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ْ‫ٍٝه‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫طؼَ٣ل‬ ‫رطخهش‬‫ٝ٣ئٍم‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞهؼ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
ٍٙ‫أٛي‬ٚٔ‫ٝ٣وظ‬ٍٞ‫حُٔلؼ‬ ‫ٗخكٌس‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ .ٚ‫رطخرؼ‬
.‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫أٗلخء‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ك‬
222
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍ‫اٌٗح‬ ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٖٓ ‫٣وٜي‬‫ٝحُٔخػش‬ ‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬ ٢‫ك‬
.َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚٗ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤٘٤‫حُٔز‬
ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬َٓ‫حأل‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ٝط‬ ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٚ٘ٓ٠ُ‫ا‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬٢‫ه٠خث‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حُوٞس‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
223
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬‫كٍٞح‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ّ‫طوي‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َٓ‫أ‬
.ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬

68. -79-
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣لٜٜٔخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٜـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُـش‬ ‫٣ظليع‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْ‫رٔظَؿ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬
.‫أرٌٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٛٔخ‬ َ٤‫حأله‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬ ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ٔظؼ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬
.‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬
224
َٓ‫حأل‬ٛ ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬َٞٓ‫حأل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٤‫٣ؼط‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ُِوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ْ٣‫ُظوي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٚٓ‫أٓخ‬٢‫ك‬.ٍ‫حُلخ‬
ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫أكي‬ ٌٙ٤‫ٝط٘ل‬١‫ٟزخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حُوٞس‬
،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬َٟٚ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ِْٔ٣ُٝٚ‫ٗٔوش‬.ٚ٘ٓ
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬،ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٞٛ١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫٣زِـ‬َٓ‫حأل‬
ِْٔ٣ُٝٚ‫ٗٔوش‬.ٚ٘ٓ
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬‫رٌخكش‬ ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ َ٘ٗ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ .َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ريهش‬ ‫طليى‬
‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُز٤خٗخص‬‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬‫حُٞحٍىس‬٢‫ك‬َٛ‫حأل‬‫ٝهٜٞٛخ‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٝٗٞع‬‫حُظٜٔش‬ْٓ‫ٝح‬
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬َٓ‫حأل‬،ٚ‫ٝٛلظ‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬َٛ‫أ‬َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫ك‬‫أَٓع‬‫ٝهض‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕٞ‫حُؼ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬
.ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬
225
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌح‬َٓ‫ُأل‬ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬.ٚ٘‫ػ‬
.‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،ٍٞ‫حُل‬َ‫٣٘و‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫ال‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬
‫ك٤ٜخ‬َ‫أًؼ‬ٖٓ‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬.‫ٓخػش‬
‫اًح‬‫حٗظٜض‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُٔيس‬ُْْٝ‫٣ظ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ك٤ـذ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ٚٓ‫٣وي‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬،‫حُٔوظٜش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬
،ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬ٖٓ١‫أ‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٖٓ‫ه٠خس‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظ٘طخم‬،‫كٍٞح‬‫ٝاال‬.ٚ‫َٓحك‬ ‫ك٤طِن‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣لٜٜٔخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُٜـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُـش‬ ‫٣ظليع‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْ‫رٔظَؿ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬
.‫أرٌٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٛٔخ‬ َ٤‫حأله‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُظوخ١ذ‬ ٖٔ‫٣ل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ٔظؼ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬
226
ًَْٜ‫ٓظ‬٢‫أُو‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َٓ‫أ‬ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬‫ٝحكظلع‬ٚ‫ر‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
َ‫أًؼ‬ٖٓ‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬،‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫ٓؼظوال‬‫حػظوخال‬.‫طؼٔل٤خ‬

69. -7:-
ًَٝ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٞظق‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربروخء‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٔق‬ٚ‫ربروخث‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٖ‫ػ‬َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫هٜي‬
‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬َ‫ُِِؿ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬.٢‫حُظؼٔل‬
227
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٍٙ‫اك٠خ‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫٣ٞؿي‬‫هخٍؽ‬
‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬‫ٌٛح‬،٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬.ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫اُوخء‬ ٕ‫ٌُٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬
ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫٣ٔؤ‬٠‫ٝ٣ظِو‬ٚ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬‫رؼي‬ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬
ّ‫ػي‬‫حإلىالء‬،‫رٜخ‬ْ‫ػ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ِٚ‫ر٘و‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ‫ٓو‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حٌُِٔق‬.‫رخُو٠٤ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬َٝ‫حػظ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٓٔظيال‬‫رلـؾ‬‫هٞ٣ش‬٢‫ُ٘ل‬‫حُظٜٔش‬،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬َ‫٣٘و‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُٔئٓٔش‬،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬‫ٝرؤَٓع‬َ‫حُٞٓخث‬‫رٌُي‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬‫ًٔخ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٕٝ‫ى‬َ٤‫طؤه‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬‫ٓظ٠ٔ٘خ‬ٚ‫أٝٛخك‬‫حٌُخِٓش‬‫ٝؿٔ٤غ‬
ّ‫طوي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ‫ٓؼَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طٔخػي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬.‫كـؾ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ر‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ٘٣٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ٚ‫رلَ٣ظ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حإلىالء‬١‫رؤ‬‫طَٜ٣ق‬.
ٍَ‫٣و‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٛ٘خى‬ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ ٍَ‫ٓز‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫ر٘و‬ َٓ‫أ‬
232
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٙ‫ٟي‬َٓ‫أ‬،ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬
‫طَؿغ‬‫ٌٛح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ َٓ‫حأل‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫َٓكٞهخ‬ّ‫ػي‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ َ٠‫رٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬
232
‫اًح‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼخ‬َٓ‫ُأل‬ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍٝ‫كخ‬‫حَُٜٝد‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫َٛف‬ٙ‫رخٓظؼيحى‬
،ٍ‫ُالٓظؼخ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬َ‫٣ـز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫رخُوٞس‬
َٔ‫٣ٔظؼ‬َٓ‫رخأل‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُوٞس‬ ‫حُلخُش‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬‫رؤهَد‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬
،ٍٝ‫ٓـخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُوٞس‬‫حالٓظـخرش‬‫ُطِذ‬َ٤‫حُظٔو‬ٖٔ٠ُٔ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬ٚٗ.َٓ‫حأل‬
230
َٓ‫حأل‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬َٞٛٓ‫أ‬ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
٢ًِْٔ‫٣ظ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬ ً‫ال‬‫حػظوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٝ٣ؼظو‬
‫٣زِؾ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬َ٤٘٣ٝ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬٢‫ك‬
َ٠‫ٓل‬.‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬
‫٣ٔٔق‬‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫رخُزلغ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ِٚ‫ر٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫هي‬‫رِؾ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َ‫هز‬.‫ًُي‬

70. -81-
231
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫أَٓح‬‫رب٣يحع‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬،ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬
١َ٘‫ٝر‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬.‫ُِلَ٣ش‬
ّٞ‫٣و‬ٕٞ‫حُؼ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬
‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬.ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬ ً‫ح‬‫اٜٗخى‬ ٚ٤‫٣ؼط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
232
‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ٞ‫حُوز‬َٞٛٓ‫حأل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ُِوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫رخُزلغ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ِٚ‫ٝٗو‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬٢‫ك‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ك٤غ‬ْ‫٣ظ‬ِٚٔٔ‫ط‬ُٚ‫ٝحػظوخ‬.‫ك٤ٜخ‬
ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫رؼي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬ ٌ‫أه‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫كَح‬‫ٓو٤ٔخ‬
‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫ًٝخٗض‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حُـَٓ٤ش‬‫طٞٛق‬‫رؤٜٗخ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬.‫ُِلَ٣ش‬
‫٣زِؾ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬ٌ‫ٝ٣٘ل‬‫١زوخ‬‫ٌُِ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬
‫ٝحُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬257.
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ َ٘ٗ‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٜٞٛٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬
ْ‫ٗل‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬.‫حُٔخىس‬
233
َ‫٣٘و‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ‫حُل‬ٝٞ‫حُٔوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫ًُي‬،َٓ‫حأل‬‫رَٜف‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلخُش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ
‫حُٔخىس‬267.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫٣يكغ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫طِي‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕٞ‫حُؼ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬َٓ‫حأل‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ِٚٔٔ‫رظ‬ ً‫ح‬‫اٜٗخى‬
234
‫اًح‬٢‫ٟز‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬،َٓ‫حأل‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫٣ٔظ٘طو‬ٕ‫ػٔخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٖٓ،ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫ٝاًح‬‫ٓ٠ض‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔيس‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬
،‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬258ٝ259.
‫اًح‬٢‫ٟز‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫ىحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬،َٓ‫حأل‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫كخال‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًٝ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ٕ‫ٌُِٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٢‫ٟز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬٢ً٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظؼَف‬ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬٠‫ٝ٣ظِو‬
ٚ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬‫رؼي‬ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬ٕ‫رؤ‬ُٚ‫حُلَ٣ش‬٢‫ك‬ّ‫حٌُال‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫حإلٓٔخى‬،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬
ٍَ‫حُٔل‬‫رٌُي‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬.ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬

71. -82-
َ‫٣وز‬َ٤ًٝ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬
ْٔ‫ٝ٣ِظ‬َ‫ٗو‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫ٝا‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫ك‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٕ‫كب‬َ٤ًَٝ٤٘‫٣ٔظ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬
٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫اًح‬٢‫أُو‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬٠ِ‫طو‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ربكخُظٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ًٝ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬‫ُِيحثَس‬
٢‫حُظ‬٢‫ٟز‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٔؤ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬ٖ‫ػ‬،ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬َٙ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬
ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬٠‫٣ظِو‬‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣ٝ .‫طَٜ٣ق‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ‫حإلىالء‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬ ٚٗ‫ٝأ‬ ،ٚ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬ ٚ٘ٓ
.َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ًُِٝ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬َ‫ىحه‬ ‫ِٔي‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ٌٛح‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
235
‫ال‬ٕٞ‫ُِؼ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣يه‬‫ِٓ٘ال‬٢‫ُ٠ز‬ْٜ‫ٓظ‬َ‫هز‬‫حُٔخػش‬
‫حُٔخىٓش‬‫ٛزخكخ‬‫ٝرؼي‬‫حُظخٓؼش‬.‫ُ٤ال‬
‫٣لن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬‫٣ٜطلذ‬‫هٞس‬‫ًخك٤ش‬‫ُِل٤ُِٞش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ِٚٔ‫ط‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ّٖٓ‫أكٌخ‬،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٌ‫ٝطئه‬
ٌٙٛ‫حُوٞس‬ٖٓ‫أهَد‬َ‫ٓل‬ٕ‫ٌُِٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُوٞس‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫طٔظؼ‬َٓ‫ُألٝح‬َ٤‫رخُظٔو‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ظ٠ٜٔ٘خ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬.ٞ‫حُوز‬
ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫رظؼِ٤و‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫رٌُي‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬ ٙ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬ َ‫ٓل‬ َ‫آه‬
ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ‫٣وظخٍٛٔخ‬ ٖ٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ َٓ‫كخ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ِ‫٣٘ـ‬
‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ٕ‫٣ؼَكخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ًخٗخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٕ‫حُلخَٟح‬ ٕ‫حُ٘وٜخ‬ ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞهؼ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ؿ٤َح‬ ‫أهَد‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫٣ـي‬
‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٖٔ٠٣ ‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلرٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ‫ٍك٠خ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رزٜٔظ٤ٜٔخ‬ ٢‫حًظل‬،َ٠‫ُٔل‬
.‫ًُي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حٓظـٞحرٜٔخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬
ّٞ‫٣و‬َٓ‫كخ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬َٝ‫رؼ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ً‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓل‬ ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬
َ٤ٗ‫ُِظؤ‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ٝك‬ٍ‫كخ‬،ٚ‫ؿ٤خر‬ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رٌٜح‬َ٤ٗ‫حُظؤ‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫٣وِل‬‫ٝ٣لظلع‬‫ر٘ٔوش‬
ٖٓ.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ٓغ‬،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫آخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
ٚ٘‫ػ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ٝآخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
236
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫ًال‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫حٌُِ٘٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ّ‫ػي‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬
٢ٟ‫ٝهخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫ًخطذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ػوٞرخص‬‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫اًح‬‫طَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬
ْٓ‫رخُلَ٣ش‬،‫حُلَى٣ش‬‫رَٜف‬ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫حُٔظخرؼخص‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬.٢‫حُظؼٔل‬

72. -83-
ٙ‫االحزٛبط‬ ‫ٔاالػزمبل‬ ‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انًزالجخ‬ ‫رحذ‬ ‫انٕضغ‬ 8‫انزبطغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
237
‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٍ‫ٝحالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ٕ‫طير٤َح‬،ٕ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤خ‬َٔ‫٣ؼ‬‫رٜٔخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حُٔؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ٓ‫خُزش‬.‫ُِلَ٣ش‬
242
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٟٞغ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ َ‫َٓحك‬ ٖٓ ‫َٓكِش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ُٔيس‬
ٖ٣َٜٗ‫هخرِش‬‫ُِظـي٣ي‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫هخٛش‬ ،‫َٓحص‬َ‫ألؿ‬ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬،ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫حُللخظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫أ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫طظطِذ‬ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬.ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬
ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗل‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫٣زِـ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬
‫أٍرغ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٝ٣زِـ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ‫ٝ٣ٔـ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
٢ُ‫حُٔٞح‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫حٓظج٘خك‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ُٜٝٔخ‬ .‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٌُِِ٘٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ،ٍٙٝ‫ُٜي‬
‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ .‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫أٝح‬ ‫رخٓظج٘خف‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬.‫حإلكخُش‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫طِوخث‬ ،َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫آه‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌ‫حُٔظو‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤
٢‫حُظ‬ ٢ٛ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ٕ‫ا‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬ ٌ‫أه‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.‫رخُطِذ‬ ‫طويٓض‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ،‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫اُـخء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫اُـخء‬‫حُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬٠‫حُو‬‫خث٤ش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َ‫َٓحك‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫اًح‬َُّْ‫٣لظ‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حالُظِحٓخص‬‫حُٔلَٟٝش‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬َٓ‫حأل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ
،‫حُلخُش‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٙ‫ٟي‬‫أَٓح‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أَٓح‬‫رؼي‬ ،ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ٌ‫أه‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬
ِْٔ‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫٣لن‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫رخُٟٞغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬
242
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫ُوَح‬ ً‫خ‬‫طزؼ‬ ‫حُو٠ٞع‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬
;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ ‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُٞحكي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
2‫حُظلو٤ن؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ‫حُظَحر٤ش‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٓـخىٍس‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )
3‫حُظـ٤ذ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )‫ٝكن‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔليى‬ ٌُٖٔ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍُِ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
‫حًٌٍُٔٞ؛‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫٣ليىٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألٓزخد‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬

73. -84-
4‫حُظلو٤ن؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣ليىٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٌٓ٘ش‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظَىى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )
5‫حُٔؼ٤٘ش؛‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ َ‫ط٘و‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ )
6‫حُٔؼ٤٘ش‬ ‫ٝحُِٔطخص‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ىٍٝ٣ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ّ‫حُظوي‬ )‫حُظلو٤ن؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ
7ٚ‫ٗو‬ ١‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٖٓ ‫َُِٔحهزش‬ ‫حُوخٟغ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬ ‫ُالٓظيػخءحص‬ ‫حالٓظـخرش‬ )
‫حُوخٟ٢؛‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ َٛ‫ٓئ‬
8‫ٓؼ٤ٖ؛‬ ْ٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٓؼخرَط‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١‫رخُ٘٘خ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫ُظيحر‬ ‫حُو٠ٞع‬ )
9‫حُليٝى؛‬ ‫اؿالم‬ )
:‫ال‬ ٚ‫رٜٞ٣ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ )‫ُِٜٔلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ٌُظخرش‬ ‫آخ‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬
‫َٝٛ؛‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُيٍى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
21٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ٌُظخرش‬ ‫حُٔ٤خهش‬ ‫ٍهٜش‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رؼ٠ٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘خهالص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫ٓ٤خهش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔ٘غ‬ )
ٚ١‫ٗ٘خ‬ ‫ُِٔحُٝش‬ ‫حُٔ٤خهش‬ ‫ٍهٜش‬ ٍ‫رخٓظؼٔخ‬ ُٚ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ َٛٝ َ‫ٓوخر‬
‫حُٜٔ٘٢؛‬
22‫حال‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔ٘غ‬ )‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬ ٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔليى‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٞ‫رزؼ‬ ٍ‫طٜخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬
23‫حُظْٔٔ؛‬ ‫اُحُش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓ٤ٔخ‬ ‫حالٓظ٘لخء‬ ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحُؼالؽ‬ ٚ‫حُلل‬ َ٤‫ُظيحر‬ ‫حُو٠ٞع‬ )
24ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ ٌ‫حأله‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،‫أىحثٜخ‬ َ‫ٝأؿ‬ ‫ٓزِـٜخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣ليى‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬ ‫ًلخُش‬ ‫ا٣يحع‬ )
‫رخألَٓ؛‬ ٢٘‫ُِٔؼ‬ ‫حُٔخى٣ش‬ ‫حُلخُش‬
25ّ‫حُٜٔخ‬ ‫ٓخػيح‬ ‫طـخٍ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘٤ش‬ ‫١ز٤ؼش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫حألٗ٘طش‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ‫ِٓحُٝش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )
‫حألٗ٘طش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫طَطٌذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حُ٘وخر٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالٗظوخر٤ش‬
.٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ١‫حُ٘٘خ‬ ‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٠٘‫٣و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رٔ٘خٓزظٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫رطِذ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ ‫ٜٓ٘ش‬ ‫ِٓحُٝش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ًح‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫٣زض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ،ٖ٤ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ76٠ُ‫ا‬
7:‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ ‫ُٜٔ٘ش‬ ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ
38
‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ٖ٣َٜٗ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُزض‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ .
‫٣ؼٞى‬ ‫حإلكخُش‬.ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ّ‫ألكٌخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣:1‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬:4ٖٓ
ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
39
.
38-ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ْ‫ط‬2.:4.273٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬33ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2525(21َ‫ٓزظٔز‬2::4َ‫ٓؼظز‬ )
‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ ‫ٜٓ٘ش‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬‫حُٔخىس‬214ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬39.19ِ‫حُٔظؼ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬ ‫ن‬
‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ ‫ُٜٔ٘ش‬ ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬2.19.212٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬31ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ253:(31َ‫أًظٞر‬
3119)،ٖٝٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ َ‫طوخر‬ ‫أٛزلض‬76٠ُ‫ا‬7:ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞم‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٖٓ72٠ُ‫ا‬83ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ
39.19ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬(‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6791‫رظخٍ٣ن‬8‫حُوؼيس‬ ًٝ253:(7َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3119ٙ ،)5155).
39-ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬:1٠ُ‫ا‬:4ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫طوخرِٜخ‬ ‫أٛزلض‬:5٠ُ‫ا‬:8ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬39.19ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ٣‫رظؼي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ ‫ُٜٔ٘ش‬ ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬

74. -85-
26‫حُ٘٤ٌخص؛‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )
27‫َٝٛ؛‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حألٓ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝطِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬ ‫حألِٓلش‬ ‫ك٤خُس‬ ّ‫ػي‬ )
28ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ )‫كوٞم‬ ٕ‫ٟٔخ‬ ‫طٔظٜيف‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣ليىٛخ‬ ‫ػ٤٘٤ش‬
‫حُ٠ل٤ش؛‬
29‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُ٘لوش‬ ّ‫رخٗظظخ‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬ ‫حُظلٔالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓٔخٛٔش‬ ‫اػزخص‬ )
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
240
١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٚ‫٣٘ظير‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
ٖ٤٤‫رظؼ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِٔ٘خًٍش‬ َٛ‫ٓئ‬ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫ٓخى‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِيٍى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ٖ٤٤‫رظؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬
.‫ٓوظٜش‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬
241
‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُٔ٘خًٍش‬ ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫طظؤًي‬
َ‫حٓظؼ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫حٓظيػخإ‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣ٝ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَٟٝش‬ ‫ُالُظِحٓخص‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٕٞ‫ٝ٣زِـ‬ ْٜ‫ٜٓٔظ‬ ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬ ‫حُٔل٤يس‬ ‫ٝحألرلخع‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٕٞٓٞ‫ٝ٣و‬ .ٚ‫ُ٣خٍط‬
ٖٓ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ِٚٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .‫كيىٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ٖٟٔ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ِٓٞى‬ ٖ‫ٝػ‬ ْٜ‫ٜٓٔظ‬ ُ‫اٗـخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَٟٝش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬.ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫أٗؼَٝح‬
242
٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫أرلخػخ‬ َٕٝ‫٣ـ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ،ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ٜٝٓخٍ٣ق‬ ‫طؼٞ٣٠خص‬ ٟ‫طئى‬
.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕ‫حُٔ٤يح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬ ‫رخػظزخٍٛخ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ٗطخم‬
243
‫رخ‬ ١‫حَُأ‬ ‫رلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ْٔ٣ ‫أال‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ‫ُ٘ٔزش‬
.‫حُيكخع‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫رلو‬ ‫ٝال‬ ‫حُٔ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُي٣٘٤ش‬ ْٜ‫رٔؼظويحط‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،ُٚ ٖ٤‫حُوخٟؼ‬
244
‫ُِز٘ي‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ّ‫٣ظوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ،‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ّٞ‫طو‬6‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ
272.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ٖٟٔ ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ ‫طٞحٍ٣ن‬ َ٤‫رظٔـ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
245
٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١‫حُ٘٘خ‬ ‫َُٔحهزش‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ٘٤‫ػ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َٛ‫حُٔئ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ُِز٘ي‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ْ٤ِ‫حُظؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحظزظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬8‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
.ٚ‫ريٍحٓظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚٔ‫رؼ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ح١الػ‬

75. -86-
246
ِٔ٣ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َُٛٞ‫ح‬ َ٤٘٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ْ:ٖٓ
‫حُٔخىس‬272٢ٜ‫حُ٘و‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ْٓ‫ٝح‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫ٝحُز٤خٗخص‬ ‫حُٔٔلٞرش‬ ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ ‫ٗٞع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ .ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ‫رطخهش‬ ْ‫ٍٝه‬ ٚ‫ٝالىط‬ ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬ ‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ ٢ِ‫ٝحُؼخث‬
ُِ ‫كي٣ؼش‬ ‫ٍٛٞس‬ َُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُز٘ي‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ِْٓ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ْٜ‫ٔظ‬
.‫حُٜٞ٣ش‬
.ٚ٘ٓ ‫حُٔٔلٞرش‬ ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫طؼخى‬ ‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ َُٛٞ‫ح‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
247
‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫ُِظير‬ ‫أه٠غ‬ ‫اًح‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٌٖٔ٣23‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫ًُي‬ ٠ُٞ‫طظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫حُطز٤ذ‬ ٍ‫٣وظخ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ِْٔ‫ٝط‬
.‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُطز٤ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِزٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
252
‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫اًح‬25‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272
ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫٣ظزغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظِِٔٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫حُٔ٘ـ‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫رٌُي‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
ُ‫ح‬.٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١‫حُ٘٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜٔ٘ش‬ ‫ُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٢ٔ‫٣٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜٔ٘٤ش‬ ‫ٜ٤جش‬
252
ٖٓ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ٕ‫رٌٔخ‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُيٍى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣طَأ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َ‫ٝ٣٘ؼ‬ ،ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬
ٌٙٛ.َ٤‫حُظيحر‬
‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬27‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272ٖ‫ػ‬ ً‫ال‬ٛٝ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫رٌُي‬ َ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬ ‫ُي٣ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔٞىػش‬ ‫حألِٓلش‬
250
‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫رظطز٤ن‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ‫اًح‬26‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272،
ٌ٘‫حُز‬ ‫حًُٞخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫رٌُي‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬َ٤ٔ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫٤ش‬
.‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ٝر٘ي‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٢ٌ٘‫حُز‬ ‫حُلٔخد‬
251
‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ‫طٞىع‬24‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ272‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫رٜ٘يٝم‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ َُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ِْٔ‫ٝط‬ ،َٛٝ َ‫ٓوخر‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬

76. -87-
252
َٓ‫أ‬ ‫اًح‬َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫ٗلوش‬ ‫رؤىحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬ ‫حُظلٔالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رٔٔخٛٔش‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬
.‫رٌُي‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬
253
ٌٖٔ٣ٍ‫اٛيح‬َٓ‫أ‬ٍ‫رخالػظوخ‬٢‫ك‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬‫َٓكِش‬ ١‫أ‬َٖٓ‫َٓحك‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٟي‬ ُٞٝ
ْٜ‫ٓظ‬‫هخٟغ‬‫ُِٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
‫٣زِؾ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫كٍٞح‬ َٓ‫حأل‬‫ٝٗلٜ٤خ‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِٝ٘٤خرش‬‫ٝكوخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ ٞٛ ‫ُٔخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬271.
ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٌ‫ػ٘يث‬‫أَٓح‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٓ٘يح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٍ‫ُالػظوخ‬ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربُوخء‬
ٞ‫حُوز‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬.ٍ‫كَح‬
‫رخال‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫٣لن‬.ٚ‫١ِز‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫ػظوخ‬
254
‫ال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ً‫ح‬َٜٗ.ً‫ح‬‫ٝحكي‬
٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ُ‫ؿخ‬ ،٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ظَٜص‬ ‫اًح‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ ،ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ ‫طؼِ٤ال‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٚ‫كظَط‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫١ِزخص‬
.‫رؤٓزخد‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ‫حُٔيػٔش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
.‫حُٔيس‬ ْ‫ُٝ٘ل‬ ٖ٤‫َُٔط‬ ‫اال‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫كظَس‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ٌٙٛ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬217‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ َٔ‫ٝ٣ٔظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫روٞس‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫َٓحف‬ ‫٣طِن‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬
255
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٟ‫٣ظؼي‬‫أٓي‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ٖ٣َٜٗ٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬.
‫اًح‬‫ظَٜص‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حألؿ‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬،٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ُ‫ؿخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫طٔي٣ي‬ٚ‫كظَط‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬َٓ‫أ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬‫طؼِ٤ال‬‫هخٛخ‬ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِزخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُٔيػٔش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫رؤٓزخد‬.
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حُظٔي٣يحص‬‫اال‬٢‫ك‬‫كيٝى‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫َٓحص‬ْ‫ُٝ٘ل‬.‫حُٔيس‬
‫اًح‬ٌُْ‫٣ظو‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫أَٓح‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رخٗظٜخء‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُٔيس‬‫٣طِن‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫َٓحف‬‫روٞس‬
،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬َٔ‫ٝ٣ٔظ‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬

77. -88-
256
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬،‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬
‫حُٔئهض‬،ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬١َ٘‫ر‬ٕ‫أ‬ِّ‫٣ِظ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬
‫ُـٔ٤غ‬‫اؿَحءحص‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ًِٔخ‬٢‫ىػ‬،‫ٌُُي‬ٕ‫ٝرؤ‬َ‫٣وز‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ط٘والط‬
ٖٓ ‫رٜ٘خىس‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ربىالء‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٢‫ٍر‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإلهخٓش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬.‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ْٜ‫رخُٔظ‬ ‫طٌلِٜخ‬ ‫طئًي‬ ْ٤ِ‫حُظؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٜلش‬ ‫هخٛش‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ًٌُي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظٞهق‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝؿٞد‬ّ‫حالُظِح‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬‫ٟٔخٗش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬ ‫ٟٔخٗش‬
.‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٌٕٞ٣‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫َٓكٞهخ‬‫رخُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ٌُِِ٘٤خص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ُٞٔ‫ح‬‫حى‬160٠ُ‫ا‬174.ٙ‫أػال‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٔ‫طِظ‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ٝهض‬ٖ٤‫ٝك‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬،‫حُٔئهض‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زض‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫أؿ‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُِٔظٔٔخص‬
257
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ٝهض‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫١ِذ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬٠ُ‫ا‬٠ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫هال‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٖٓ‫ٝهض‬‫ٟٝغ‬‫١ِذ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬
،‫حُٔئهض‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ْ٣‫ُظوي‬،‫ِٓظٔٔخطٜخ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬َ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫رٌُي‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
ٍ‫هال‬ْ‫ٗل‬َ‫حألؿ‬‫رَٓخُش‬‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٤ُ‫حإلىالء‬.ٚ‫رٔالكظخط‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬،‫حُلخالص‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زض‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬
ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬ٍ‫هال‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫ٟٝغ‬.‫حُطِذ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫اًح‬ُْ‫٣زض‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫أؿ‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣َكغ‬ٚ‫١ِز‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫طزض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬ٙ‫أهٜخ‬‫هٔٔش‬َ٘‫ػ‬،‫٣ٞٓخ‬‫ًُٝي‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رؼي‬
٢‫اٟخك‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫ٛ٘خى‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫ك٤وغ‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ‫ٓؼِِش‬ ‫ًظخر٤ش‬
.‫ُِظلو٤ن‬
ُِٔ‫ح‬ ِٜ‫طـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫٣ٞىع‬َ‫أؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ِٚ٤‫ٝطل‬ ‫ق‬
59.‫ٓخػش‬
‫٣لن‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫١زن‬ْ‫ٗل‬،ٍ‫ٝح٥ؿخ‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طَكغ‬ً‫خ‬‫١ِز‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬.‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫١َف‬،٢ٗ‫ٓي‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬َٙٓ‫أ‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫ػٔخ‬
ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬ ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫١ِذ‬.

78. -89-
262
‫١ِذ‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٌٖٔ٣ ٝ ‫حُٔئهض‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣طِز‬٢‫ك‬‫أ٣ش‬‫َٓكِش‬ٖٓ
َ‫َٓحك‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫ٝ١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَحص‬‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ًَْٖٜٓ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫رخُزض‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫اكخُش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫كبًح‬‫ًخٗض‬
ٌٙٛ‫حُٜ٤جش‬،‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٢ٕٛ‫كب‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟ‫اكي‬
ٖ٤‫حُـَكظ‬ٌٕٞ٣َ٤‫ؿ‬َ‫هخر‬١‫أل‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫ٗو‬ُْ‫٣وغ‬‫حُزض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬،‫رؼي‬‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬َ‫آه‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ٗظَص‬٢‫ك‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٌٕٞ٣َٝ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫هَحٍٛخ‬١‫أل‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
‫ِٓق‬ ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ ،ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٍٝ‫رٜي‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ‫ططزن‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ‫اكخُش‬ ٍَ‫طو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رؼي‬ َ‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬
‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫طزض‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ.‫حُطِذ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٛ‫٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬ٟ‫اكي‬‫حُلخالص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُٔخىس‬
٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ْٛٞٓ‫ٝٓلخ‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫ٍٓخُش‬،ّ‫رخإلٓظال‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬
ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫رؼي‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬.‫ك٠َٝح‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حَُٔحف‬ ‫طٔ٘ق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝػالٝس‬ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحكي‬ َ‫ٓوخر‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬272.
262
‫ُـخ٣ش‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ َ‫طوز‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٝ٣َكغ‬ ،‫ُٜيٍٝٛخ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٔٞح‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ‫ٜٗخ٣ش‬
‫ٓٞحء‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٍٞ‫حُٔو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ َٔ‫٣ٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزالى‬ ‫رٔويٓخص‬ ّ‫ٓٔخ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ِٚٔ‫طٔظؼ‬ ُْ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫حٓظؼِٔض‬
‫ٝحكن‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫كخال‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣لَؽ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ .‫حُٔويٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حَُٔ٘ٝع‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٍ‫رخالطـخ‬
.‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ
ً‫ا‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠‫٣زو‬ ،‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٓظج٘خكٜخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫هيٓض‬ ‫ح‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣زض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٜٚ٤‫ٝطٞؿ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ‫طٜ٤٤ت‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظؤٗق‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حال‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ‫إل٣يحع‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫حألٍرغ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬.‫ٓظج٘خف‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫١ِذ‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫ال‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬‫ٝال‬‫ُِٔٔطَس‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬َُٚ‫أػ‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓٞهق‬‫ٝطظخرغ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓ٘خه٘ظٜخ‬٢‫ك‬.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫كخؿش‬ ٕٝ‫ري‬ٍٞ٠‫ُل‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُٔخىس‬

79. -8:-
260
‫رخُٟٞغ‬ َٕٝ‫ٓو‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬ ً‫خ‬‫اكَحؿ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫أكَؽ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫َٓحف‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٓوظٜش‬ ‫ٝكيٛخ‬ ٠‫طزو‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫حطوٌص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬
‫ٝٛ٤جش‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ُٜ٤جش‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ‫ٝٓلذ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫اؿالم‬ َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬
ً‫حطوخ‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫ٍهٜش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حالرظؼخى‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫٣لظ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ُٚ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍَٟٝ ‫ًُي‬ ‫ٍأص‬ ‫اًح‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ‫حًظٔذ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ َٓ‫أ‬
،‫حإلؿزخٍ٣ش‬ ‫ُإلهخٓش‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٝاؿالم‬ َ‫حُٔل‬ ُ‫ؿٞح‬ ِ‫كـ‬ ‫ُِٝٓخ‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬
.٢‫رؤؿ٘ز‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
ُِِٔ ٌٖٔ٣ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخُلش‬ َ٤‫رخُظيحر‬ ‫أَٓص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫طش‬–‫ًخٗض‬ ‫أ٣خ‬–‫طَحؿؼٜخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طؼيُٜخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
.َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬
ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٌٕٞ٣
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫ُِطؼ‬ َ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬
‫ط‬‫هٜي‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔؼ٘٤ش‬ ‫حألٓ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٌٙٛ ‫زِؾ‬
.‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬
ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ‫ٓيط‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ْ‫رلز‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬ ‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٖٓ ِٚٔ‫ط‬ ٖٓ ًَ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬
ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٓزِـٜخ‬ ‫٣ظَحٝف‬ ‫ٝرـَحٓش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝٓ٘ظ‬ َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػالػش‬2.311ٝ23.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
183
‫ٓظغ‬ ‫اًح‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫ٓٞحء‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ًُي‬‫رٌلخُش‬ٕٝ‫ري‬ ٝ‫أ‬،‫ًلخُش‬‫ٝؿذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ‫هز‬
‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬‫طَٜ٣ق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫ٟز‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َ‫ٓل‬
‫حُٔوخرَس‬،ٚ‫ٓؼ‬‫آخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٛ‫٣ٞح‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫آخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٞؿي‬ٚ‫ر‬َ‫ٓو‬
.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔلخُش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
َ‫٣وز‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٣‫رظوي‬.ٚٗٞٔ٠ٔ‫ٝر‬ ‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬
‫اًح‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬‫رؼي‬ٚ‫طٔظ٤ؼ‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ُْٝ،َ٠‫٣ل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫١َأص‬
‫ظَٝف‬‫ؿي٣يس‬‫ٝهط٤َس‬َ‫طـؼ‬ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬،‫ٍَٟٝ٣خ‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٜ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫أَٓح‬‫ه٠خث٤خ‬٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ‫هز‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬
.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
‫اًح‬‫ٓ٘لض‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬َٓ‫أ‬
ٍ‫ٛخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ؿي٣ي‬ٍ‫رخالػظوخ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬
‫ٓلزض‬ٌٙٛ‫حُـَكش‬‫طٔظ٤غ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٔوٍَٛخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫ًظخر٤ش‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
184
;٢ِ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖٔ٠‫ط‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ًلخُش‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫ٝؿٞد‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓظٞهل‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌ٤‫ٝط٘ل‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ;ً‫ال‬ٝ‫أ‬

80. -91-
;٢‫ح٥ط‬ ‫حُظَط٤ذ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ًٌَ٤ٓ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫أىحء‬ ;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬
َ‫حُط‬ ‫أىحٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔزوش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ )‫أ‬‫حُٔيٗ٢؛‬ ‫ف‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٗلوش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٝٓزخُؾ‬ ‫اٍؿخػٜخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ )‫د‬
‫ًُي؛‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬‫ٓظخرؼ‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش؛‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ْ٤‫ٓو‬ ‫أٗلوٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ )‫ؽ‬
.‫حُـَحٓخص‬ )‫ى‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حٌُلخُش‬ ٢‫ؿِث‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿِء‬ ٌَُ ٜٚ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫حُوي‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫٣ليى‬
‫طوٜ٤ٜٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣.‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ألىحء‬ ‫ًِٜخ‬
185
ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ‫ٗ٤ي‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓؼظٔي‬ ‫ر٘٤ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٗوي‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ‫٣يكغ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫ٝ٣يكغ‬ ،‫١َكٜخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛخىٍس‬ ‫ٓ٘يحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬
‫حٌُل‬ ِْٔ‫رظ‬ ٙ‫ٝكي‬ ٞ‫حُوخر‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٚ‫ٝ٣وظ‬ ،ٞ‫حُوخر‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ‫ٛ٘يٝم‬‫اًح‬ ‫خُش‬
.‫ٓ٘يحص‬ ٌَٗ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
.‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ‫حُيكغ‬ َٛٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ا١الػٜخ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬
186
ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُـِء‬ ُٚ ‫٣َى‬ ،ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ّ‫ٝهخ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫ُـٔ٤غ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ٠‫ك‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ًُي‬ ٌ٤‫ُٝظ٘ل‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ُظِي‬ ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫اؿَحء‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫٣ظوِق‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ،‫ُِيُٝش‬ ً‫خ‬ٌِٓ ‫حُـِء‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬
.‫َٓ٘ٝع‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٌٍ‫٣ؼظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ
‫ًُي‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫اٛيح‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫ح‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ُٜ٤جش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُـِء‬.ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫اػلخء‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬
187
‫ٝحُٔزخُؾ‬ ‫ٝحُـَحٓش‬ َ‫حُٜٞحث‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ ‫حُٔيكٞع‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُـِء‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫ىحث‬ ‫٣َى‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٝٓزخُؾ‬ ،‫ٍىٛخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬
.‫رخإلػلخء‬
ٜ‫ك٤و‬ ،‫رخإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬‫ٍٝى‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٝطؤى٣ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ُظٔي٣ي‬ ‫حُـِء‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٚ
‫حُظَط٤ذ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫طؼ‬ ‫ٝأىحء‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُ٘لوش‬ ‫ٝأىحء‬ ‫ٍىٛخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔز‬295.٢‫حُزخه‬ ‫ٝ٣َى‬

81. -92-
188
‫آخ‬ ،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ٞ‫حُوخر‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫ٜٗخ‬‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫٣ظلِٜٔخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔئُٝ٤ش‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٖٓ ‫ىس‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬297‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫ُِوَح‬ ً‫ح‬ِ‫ٓٞؿ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬ ،
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬298.
ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ‫رظُٞ٣غ‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظير‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ‫ٛ٘يٝم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٔٞىػش‬
.‫ٓٔظلو٤ٜخ‬
ٍٙ‫رخػظزخ‬ ٢‫حُ٘و‬ ٌٙٛ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫ِٗحع‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طزض‬
.ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٛؼٞرش‬
‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫اإلَبثخ‬ 8‫انؼبشز‬ ‫انجبة‬
267
ٖٓ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫اٗخرش‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣١‫أ‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ َ‫آه‬١‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬١‫أ‬٢‫ٟخر‬ٖٓ١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫ىحثَس‬،ٚ‫ٓلٌٔظ‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬
‫ربؿَحء‬‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫٣َح‬‫الُٓخ‬ٍٖٓ‫أػٔخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬‫حُوخٟؼش‬ًٞ‫ُ٘ل‬ًَ.ْٜ٘ٓ ‫ٝحكي‬
ٖٓ َ‫آه‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ١‫أل‬ ٚ‫ٓلٌٔظ‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلٗخرش‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣
ٗ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ،ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خس‬‫حإلٗخرش‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٍ‫ؼخ‬
.‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫حإلٗخرش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٗٞع‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫ٝ٣ئٍهٜخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
‫حُٜخىٍس‬،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ْ‫ػ‬‫٣ٞهؼٜخ‬‫ٝ٣٠غ‬ٚ‫١خرؼ‬.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ئ‬٢‫ك‬‫حإلٗخرش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٟٞٓ‫ربؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬
‫رخُـَ٣ٔش‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬
‫٣ليى‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬َ‫حألؿ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ُٚ‫هال‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
٢‫حُظ‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬،‫٣لٍَٛخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ُْ‫٣ليى‬‫ًُي‬َ‫حألؿ‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫حُؼٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ٜٗخ٣ش‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬‫حإلٗخرش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
272
ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕٞ‫حُٔ٘ظير‬ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬‫حإلٗخرش‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٖٟٔ
‫كيٝى‬ٌٙٛ،‫حإلٗخرش‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔوُٞش‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬١‫ُ٠زخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظـٞحد‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫ٓغ‬ ٚ‫ٝٓٞحؿٜظ‬،َٙ٤‫ؿ‬‫ًٔخ‬‫ال‬
ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫اال‬‫رطِذ‬.ٚ٘ٓ

82. -93-
272
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ٗخٛي‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬‫ألىحء‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫اٗخرش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫ٝأىحء‬
ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬‫ٝحإلىالء‬.ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬
‫اًح‬ُْ‫٣ٔظـذ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫ٌُٜح‬،ّ‫حالُظِح‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬،‫حإلٗخرش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ُٚ
ٕ‫أ‬َٙ‫٣ـز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫حُوٞس‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٌ‫٣ظو‬ٙ‫ٟي‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬239.
270
‫اًح‬‫حهظ٠ض‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حإلٗخرش‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣زو‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ٗوٜخ‬ٍٖٛ
،ٚ‫اٗخٍط‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططزن‬‫حُٔٞحى‬77ٝ78ٝ79ٝ7:ٝ80‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رخُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حُلَحٓش‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ‫ٝ٣٘ؼ‬ ‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬.
271
‫اًح‬‫ط٠ٔ٘ض‬‫حإلٗخرش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬َٓ‫حأل‬ّ‫رخُو٤خ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬‫ربؿَحءحص‬٢‫ك‬ًٖ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓوظِلش‬ٖٓ
‫طَحد‬،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َٓ‫أ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬َ‫ٗظخث‬‫ٓٔظوَؿش‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫ٗٔن‬‫ٓطخروش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ َٛ‫ُأل‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬.‫حإلٗخرش‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫أ٣٠خ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬‫حإلٗخرش‬ ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬ُٓٞ‫ح‬،َ‫خث‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫٣ـذ‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫طٟٞق‬‫ػ٘ي‬ًَ،ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬‫حُز٤خٗخص‬‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬‫حُٔ٠ٔ٘ش‬٢‫ك‬َٛ‫حأل‬‫هٜٞٛخ‬‫ٗٞع‬ْٓ‫ٝح‬ ‫حُظٜٔش‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬‫حإلٗخرش‬.ٚ‫ٝٛلظ‬
‫انخجزح‬ ‫إجزاء‬ 8‫ػشز‬ ٘‫انحبد‬ ‫انجبة‬
272
ٌٖٔ٣ٌَُ‫ٛ٤جش‬ٖٓ‫ٛ٤جخص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫ػَٟض‬‫ٓٔؤُش‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫طو٘٤ش‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ربؿَحء‬
‫هزَس‬‫آخ‬‫ٝآخ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ٖٓ.‫حأل١َحف‬
ّٞ‫٣و‬َ٤‫حُوز‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوزَحء‬ْٜ‫رٜٔٔظ‬‫طلض‬‫َٓحهزش‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ػ٘ي‬.‫حالهظ٠خء‬
‫اًح‬ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬‫ٓٞؿذ‬‫ُالٓظـخرش‬‫ُِطِذ‬ٙ‫حُوخ‬‫ربؿَحء‬،‫حُوزَس‬ٚ٤ِ‫كؼ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬‫أَٓح‬‫ٓؼِال‬‫هخرال‬،‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ‫١زن‬ٍٖٟٔٝ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬333ٝ334.
273
٢‫ٝك‬ .‫ًُي‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ػيح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖ٤٤‫حُو٠خث‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٍٝ‫رـي‬ َ‫ٓٔـ‬ َ٤‫هز‬ ‫حُوزَس‬ ُ‫إلٗـخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ456.‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬

83. -94-
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٟٞق‬‫ىحثٔخ‬٢‫ك‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُوزَس‬‫ٜٓٔش‬‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬
‫طٜ٘ذ‬‫اال‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ىٍحٓش‬َ‫ٓٔخث‬.‫طو٘٤ش‬
274
‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُوزَس‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫٣ـذ‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
،‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ْٓ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫حُوز‬،ٚ‫ٝٛلظ‬ٖٔ٠٣ٝٚ٤‫ك‬ٚٗ‫حُٜٔٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ًِق‬
‫رٜخ‬.
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُوزَس‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُٝأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زيٝح‬ْٜ‫ٓالكظخط‬ٍ‫هال‬‫حُؼالػش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬
‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬،‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕٝ‫أ‬‫طظؼِن‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔالكظخص‬‫آخ‬ٍ‫رخهظ٤خ‬َ٤‫حُوز‬‫ٝآخ‬‫رخُٜٔٔش‬‫حُٔ٘ٞ١ش‬.ٚ‫ر‬
275
‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫حُٔظؼ‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حُوزَس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أٗ٤خء‬ٖٓ
‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬‫ػالٓخص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٞحى‬‫ٓ٘ظٞؿخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫هخرِش‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ُِظـ‬،ٍ‫حالٗيػخ‬ٕ‫كزبٌٓخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
ْٜ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣وظخٍٝح‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ػالػش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖ٣‫ٓٔخػي‬ ‫هزَحء‬‫ُٔئحٍُس‬َ٤‫حُوز‬
،ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُوزَحء‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼيى‬،ٕٜٞٔ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظلوٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬َ٤‫حُوز‬،‫حُٔٔخػي‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫رٜلش‬
‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٝ‫طؼخ‬ْٜ‫ٜٓخُل‬،٢‫كو‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣وغ‬ٍ‫حالهظ٤خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٣َ٤‫هز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.َ‫حألًؼ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ً‫ح‬ٍ‫هَح‬‫ٓؼِال‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َ٤‫حُوز‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ٕ‫رؤ‬‫٣َ٘ع‬‫كٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔؼخ٣٘خص‬ ُ‫اٗـخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ُٜخ‬‫١خرغ‬.ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬
‫ربٗـخُٛخ‬ ‫ًِلٞح‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ّ‫رخُٜٔخ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬.
276
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُٔٔخػي‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬2:6.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣ٔظيػ‬َ٤‫حُوز‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬َ٤‫حُوز‬‫حُٔٔخػي‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫اؿَحء‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫ػِٔ٤خص‬،‫حُوزَس‬
‫ُ٤ظخرغ‬‫ٓ٤َٛخ‬ّ‫ُٝ٤وي‬ًَ‫حالهظَحكخص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َحٛخ‬‫ٓل٤يس‬ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬‫رخُٜٔٔش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٔ‫أ‬.ٚ‫ٝؿ‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫حُوز‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫ػي‬ٚ‫َٓحػخط‬ٌُٜٙ،‫حالهظَحكخص‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤٘٣٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬
َٙ٣َ‫طو‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬‫أٓزخد‬.ٚ٠‫ٍك‬
277
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬،‫٣ليى‬٢‫ك‬ًٍَ‫هَح‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٖ٤٤‫رظؼ‬،َ٤‫هز‬َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ُ‫اٗـخ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ٚ‫ٜٓٔظ‬
.ُٚ‫هال‬
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬‫طٔي٣ي‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حألؿ‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٍ‫هَح‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬،ٚ‫ػ٤٘ظ‬‫اًح‬‫حهظ٠ض‬‫ًُي‬‫أٓزخد‬.‫هخٛش‬

84. -95-
‫اًح‬ُْ‫٣٠غ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬َٙ٣َ‫طو‬َٖٟٔ‫حألؿ‬‫حُٔليى‬ٌٖٔ٣ ،ُٕٚ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٔظزي‬‫كٍٞح‬،َ‫رآه‬
ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ً‫ا‬‫ًحى‬ٕ‫أ‬٢٤‫٣ل‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫ػِٔخ‬‫رٔخ‬ّ‫هخ‬ٚ‫ر‬ٖٓ.‫ػِٔ٤خص‬
‫٣ـذ‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣َى‬ٍ‫هال‬٢ٗ‫حُؼٔخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝحألٍرؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬
٢‫حُظ‬‫هي‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ػٜي‬‫رٜخ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫هٜي‬ُ‫اٗـخ‬،ٚ‫ٜٓٔظ‬‫ٝػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌ‫طظو‬ٙ‫ٟي‬َ٤‫طيحر‬
.‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬
022
‫ٓغ‬ ٍ‫رخطٜخ‬ ٚ‫رٜٔٔظ‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ َ٤‫حُوز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
‫حُٔؼٜٞى‬،‫رٌُي‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ًٔخ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬َْٛ‫٣وز‬ٍٞ‫رظط‬ٚ‫ػِٔ٤خط‬٢‫ك‬١‫أ‬‫ٝهض‬،ٖ٤‫ٝك‬ْٜ٘٤ٌٔ‫ُظ‬
ًٖٓ‫حطوخ‬ًَ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬.‫حُٔل٤يس‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ىحثٔخ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٚ‫ػِٔ٤خط‬ َ٤ٕٓ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫روزَحء‬ٕ‫ا‬ٟ‫ٍأ‬‫ًُي‬.‫ٓل٤يح‬
022
‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُوزَحء‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٟٞق‬ُْٜ‫ٓٔؤُش‬‫ال‬َ‫طيه‬٢‫ك‬،ْٜٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ٕ‫أ‬ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ُْٜ٢‫ك‬‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬ٖ٤٤٘‫رظو‬ْ‫طظ‬ْٜ‫طٔٔ٤ظ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ر‬ٖ٤٤٘‫حُظو‬ٖ٤ِٛ‫حُٔئ‬‫هخٛش‬.‫ٌُُي‬
١‫٣ئى‬ٕٞ٤٘‫حُظو‬ٕٞ٘٤‫حُٔؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُٞؿ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜ٤ـش‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ،‫هزَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ ‫أَٓص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬456‫٣ٌٞٗٞح‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬
.ٖ٤٤‫حُو٠خث‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٍٝ‫ؿي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤ِ‫ٓٔـ‬
‫٣٠خف‬َْٛ٣َ‫طو‬ِٚٓ‫رٌخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣َ‫حُظو‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬316.
020
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٝ‫٣ؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫١زوخ‬‫ُِلوَس‬‫حَُحرؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬215‫حألٗ٤خء‬ّٞ‫حُٔوظ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫حُظ‬ُْ‫طلظق‬‫أهظخٜٓخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ُْ‫٣وغ‬
‫اكٜخإٛخ‬‫ًُٝي‬َ‫هز‬‫آٍخُٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬،‫حُوزَحء‬ٚ٤ِ‫ٝػ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢ٜ‫٣ل‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬ّٞ‫حُٔوظ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ًٌَٝح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ ،‫حُوزَحء‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬ ‫اػزخص‬ ‫هٜي‬ ٍَ‫حُٔل‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬
.‫أهظخٜٓخ‬ ‫كظلض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫اكٜخء‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ّ‫حألهظخ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫كظل‬ ‫أػخىٝح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙٞ‫كظل‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َْٛ٣َ‫طو‬
021
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِوزَحء‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظِوٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حإلهزخ‬ َ٤‫ٓز‬ّ‫ُِٝو٤خ‬ْٜٓ‫رٜٔخ‬٢‫كو‬‫طَٜ٣لخص‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬
ٖ٣َ‫آه‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.ْٜ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٕٞ‫حَُٜٔك‬ ٢٠ٔ٣ٝ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫اًح‬‫ٍأٝح‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٛ٘خى‬‫ٓخ‬ِِّ‫٣ٔظ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٛح‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ٚ‫ر‬ٍْٛٞ٠‫رل‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬١َ‫ٝ٣ـ‬‫١زن‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ٖٟٔٝ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬24:ٝ251ٝ252.ٙ‫أػال‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬‫أ‬ٌٖٚٗٔ٣‫ُِوزَحء‬‫حأل١زخء‬ٖ٤‫حٌُِٔل‬ٚ‫رلل‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِوٞح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿ٤زش‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬
ٖ٤ٓ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬‫حألٓجِش‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ُ‫إلٗـخ‬.ْٜ‫ٜٓٔظ‬

85. -96-
022
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬،‫٣طِزٞح‬‫أػ٘خء‬ُ‫اٗـخ‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬،‫حُوزَس‬ٖٖٓٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أَٓص‬‫رٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُوزَحء‬‫ربؿَحء‬ٞ‫رؼ‬،‫حألرلخع‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رخالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ًَ
ٚ‫ٗو‬ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬‫هي‬ٌٕٞ٣ٚٗ‫ربٌٓخ‬ْٛ‫طِٝ٣ي‬‫رٔؼِٞٓخص‬.‫طو٘٤ش‬
023
ٍَ‫٣ل‬َ٤‫حُوز‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫ػِٔ٤خص‬‫حُوزَس‬ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬‫ٝٛق‬‫طِي‬
‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬،‫ٝٗظخثـٜخ‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٜ٘ي‬ٌٚٗٞ‫ر‬ِ‫أٗـ‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ػٜي‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٌٚٗٞ‫ر‬ّ‫هخ‬‫رَٔحهزظٜخ‬ْ‫ػ‬‫٣ٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.َٙ٣َ‫طو‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٟ‫ُي‬َ٤‫حُوز‬‫حُٔٔخػي‬‫طللظخص‬‫٣َ٣ي‬ٕ‫أ‬،‫٣ويٜٓخ‬‫ك٤٠ٜٔ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًٌَٓس‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
َ٤‫حُوز‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬‫اٟخكظٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َٙ٣َ‫طو‬‫ٓغ‬ٚ‫ٓالكظخط‬‫حُوخٛش‬.‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬
024
‫اًح‬‫طؼيى‬‫حُوزَحء‬ٕٞ٘٤‫حُٔؼ‬‫ٝكيع‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حهظِلض‬ْٛ‫آٍحإ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ًخٗض‬ُْٜ‫طللظخص‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬
‫حُ٘ظخثؾ‬،‫حُٔ٘ظًَش‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ًَ‫ٝحكي‬ْٜ٘ٓٚ٣‫ٍأ‬٢‫ك‬َ٣َ‫حُظو‬‫حُٔ٘ظَى‬‫ٓغ‬‫اريحء‬ٚ‫طللظخط‬.‫حُٔؼِِش‬
025
٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ٠‫طزو‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ّٞ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫ٝحألٗ٤خء‬ َ٣َ‫حُظو‬ ‫٣ٞىع‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٖٓ ‫اٜٗخى‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼزض‬ ،‫حُوزَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ ‫أَٓص‬
026
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫ُ٤طِؼ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٢‫٣ٔظيػ‬
‫اريحء‬ ُٚ‫هال‬ ُْٜ ٌٖٔ٣ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ُْٜ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬ ْٜ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬ ٠‫ُٝ٤ظِو‬ ،َ٤‫حُوز‬ ‫حٓظ٘ظخؿخص‬
‫ٝ٣لن‬ .‫ٓ٠خىس‬ ‫هزَس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طٌٔ٤ِ٤ش‬ ‫هزَس‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫روٜي‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ،ْٜ‫١ِزخط‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓالكظخط‬
‫طو‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ‫ُأل١َحف‬.َ٤‫حُوز‬ َ٣َ
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ َٓ‫رؤ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حُطِزخص‬ ‫طِي‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ ٖٟٔٝ ‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ‫١زن‬ ‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬ ً‫ال‬‫هخر‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٌٕٞ٤‫ك‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬333‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬335.
027
‫١زن‬ ‫ٜٗٞى‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫حُوزَحء‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬446ٝ456ٝ457.

86. -97-
‫انزحمٛك‬ ‫إجزاءاد‬ ٌ‫ثطال‬ 8‫ػشز‬ َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
022
‫٣ـذ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬245ٝ246ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٖٓ٤‫حُٔ٘ظٔظ‬ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُالٓظ٘طخم‬‫ٝحُٔخىس‬24:‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حالٓظ٘طخهخص‬،‫ٝحُٔٞحؿٜخص‬
‫ٝحُٔٞحى‬6:ٝ71ٝ73ٝ212‫حُٔ٘ظٔش‬،‫ُِظلظ٤٘خص‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حإلؿَحء‬‫حُٔؼ٤ذ‬
‫ٝحإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬،ُٚ‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬َ٣‫طوي‬ٟ‫ٓي‬‫ٌٛح‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٜٞٛٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬322.
022
٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ح‬ً‫ء‬‫اؿَح‬ٖٓ‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬َٝ‫ٓؼ‬،ٕ‫ُِزطال‬ٚ٤ِ‫كؼ‬ٕ‫أ‬
ِٚ٤‫٣ل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫ُِزض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٍ‫ٝاهزخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬.
‫اًح‬َٜ‫ظ‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ُِطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ح‬ً‫ء‬‫اؿَح‬ ٕ‫أ‬‫ٓ٘ٞرخ‬ٕ‫رخُزطال‬‫هي‬،ٌ‫حطو‬
ِْٜ‫ك‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِزٞح‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ِٓق‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٚ‫إلكخُظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ٍكوش‬‫حُطِذ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٕٞ٘٤‫٣ز‬‫أٓزخد‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬‫هٔٔش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬
.ّ‫أ٣خ‬
ٍَ‫طو‬ٌٙٛ‫حُـَكش‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ َٜ‫٣وظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حإلؿَحء‬‫حُٔوٜٞى‬ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظي‬
‫ًال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؼ٠خ‬‫ُإلؿَحءحص‬.‫حُالكوش‬
020
ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫هَم‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُـَٞٛ٣ش‬‫ُِٔٔطَس‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٗظ٤ـظٜخ‬
ّ‫حُٔٔخ‬‫رلوٞم‬‫حُيكخع‬ٌَُ‫١َف‬ٖٓ.‫حأل١َحف‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٌَُْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫١َف‬٢ٗ‫ٓي‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍُ‫٣ظ٘خ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حىػخء‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ ،ٚ‫ُلخثيط‬ٕ‫أ‬
ٌٕٞ٣‫ٌٛح‬ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬‫ٝال‬ .‫َٛ٣لخ‬َ‫٣وز‬ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫اال‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ٚ‫حٓظيػخث‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬
.ً‫خ‬٤ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ُِٔخىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬
021
‫ِٓق‬ ٖٓ ‫طٔلذ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝػخثن‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أرطِض‬‫ٝطللع‬٢‫ك‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫رٔلٌٔش‬،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ٝ٣ٔ٘غ‬‫حَُؿٞع‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٙ‫الٓظوال‬‫أىُش‬‫ٟي‬‫حأل١َحف‬٢‫ك‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫طلض‬
‫١خثِش‬‫ٓظخرؼخص‬‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬‫حُو٠خس‬.ٖ٤ٓ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬

87. -98-
‫انجبة‬8‫ػشز‬ ‫انضبنش‬‫انزحمٛك‬ ‫اَزٓبء‬ ٌ‫ثشأ‬ ‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫األٔايز‬
022
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رؼي‬ْ٤‫طَه‬ٚ‫أٍٝحه‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫رٔـَى‬‫ٓخ‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُزلغ‬‫هي‬،٠ٜ‫حٗظ‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫ِٓظٔٔخطٜخ‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫رخُِٔق‬ ‫طِٜٞٛخ‬ ٖٓ َ‫حألًؼ‬
023
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫ُ٤ٔض‬ٖٓ،ٚٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫أَٓح‬ّ‫رؼي‬
.ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
‫٣لظلع‬ًََٓ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫هي‬ٍٙ‫أٛي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٟي‬ٚ‫روٞط‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.‫حُظ٘ل٤ٌ٣ش‬
َ٤‫٣ل‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حرظيحء‬ٍٖٓٝ‫ٛي‬‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ِٓق‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫طلظلع‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬‫رؤػَٛخ‬.٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
024
ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫طو٠غ‬ ‫ال‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬
َ‫ظ‬ َ‫حُلخػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫ًخك٤ش‬ ‫أىُش‬ ‫ٛ٘خى‬ ‫ُ٤ٔض‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ُٚ ‫هخٟؼش‬ ‫طؼي‬ ُْ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
ً‫ال‬ٜٞ‫ٓـ‬.
.‫حُٔلـُٞس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٞهض‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣زض‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ال‬ً ‫رخُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫٣ل‬ ٢ٗ‫ٓي‬ ‫١َف‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ‫ٛٞحث‬ ٢‫٣ٜل‬
،‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ٌٙٛ ‫أىحء‬ ٖٓ ‫حُ٘٤ش‬ ٖٔ‫ك‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ‫اػلخء‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ،ً‫خ‬٠‫رؼ‬
.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٞٛ ٌٖ٣ ُْ‫ٓخ‬ ،َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ َ‫آه‬ ‫ُٔزذ‬ ٖ٤ِ‫ٓؼظو‬ ‫٣ٌٞٗٞح‬ ُْ‫ٓخ‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬ ‫٣لَؽ‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫رخُٟٞغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫٣٘ظ‬
‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ؿِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ًِ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُؼ‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬.‫ٛلق‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜل٤لش‬ ‫خٓش‬
ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ‫ٝ٣وز‬ ،َُِ٘٘ ‫حُوخرِش‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ١َُِٝ٘333ٝ334.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬

88. -99-
025
‫حُِٔق‬ ٍ‫أكخ‬ ،‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝرخإلكَحؽ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ُِٟٞغ‬ ‫كي‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ َٓ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.َ‫آه‬ ‫ُٔزذ‬ ‫ٓؼظوال‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬،‫رـ٘لش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ربكخُش‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫أٛي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫رخُٟٞغ‬ َٓ‫ٝحأل‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣زض‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
ٞٛ ‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ419ٝ41:ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ٞ‫ٝ٣ول‬ .ٙ‫رؼي‬
ُٔ‫ح‬‫خىس‬41:.ً‫ال‬‫ٓؼظو‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ٍ‫ٝأكخ‬ ٚٛ‫حهظٜخ‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫َٛف‬ ،‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ٌ‫ػ٘يث‬ ‫ططزن‬ .‫حُؼخٓش‬326.ٙ‫أػال‬
026
َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫أٛي‬ ،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬‫ح‬
.‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ربكخُش‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬‫ٌٛح‬ٕ‫ٝر٤خ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حُـَٓ٤ش‬‫ٝؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُظَٝف‬٢‫حُظ‬
ٖٓ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ط٘يى‬ٝ‫أ‬‫طولق‬،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٚ٘٣ٝ‫ًٌُي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٞٛق‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٓغ‬
‫حإلٗخٍس‬٠ُ‫ا‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬.‫حُٔطزوش‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫اال‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫ٝكن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬634ٝ635.
‫١زن‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ِٓق‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬52:ٝ531.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
٠‫٣زو‬َٓ‫حأل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫رب٣يحػ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫هخرال‬ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣ٜزق‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣زض‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫أٛي‬ ،‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رـ٘لش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ٝحُٟٞغ‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝرض‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬
027
ٍ‫هال‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬َٓ‫أٝح‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬.‫ؿِث٤خ‬

89. -9:-
002
‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬ ‫حألٍرغ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٢ٓ‫ٝٓلخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ‫إلٗؼخٍٛٔخ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ‫ٍٓخُش‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ًَ ٍٝ‫ُٜي‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬
.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫١زوخ‬ْ‫ُ٘ل‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ْٖٟٔٝ‫ٗل‬ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬َٓ‫رخألٝح‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫رخٗظٜخء‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬َٓ‫ٝرخألٝح‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٖٔ٣.‫حٓظج٘خكٜخ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٓؼظوال‬َٙ‫٣وز‬‫رٌُي‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬.‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
َ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٌَ‫ر‬َٓ‫أ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬ّٞ٣.ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬
002
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ػٔال‬‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫ٌٛح‬‫رؼي‬ ‫حُلَع‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬
َٔ٘‫ط‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،َٓ‫حألٝح‬254،ٙ‫أػال‬ْٓ‫ح‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬
٢ٜ‫ٝحُ٘و‬ٚ‫ٝٗٔز‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٚ‫ٝالىط‬‫ٝحُوز٤ِش‬٢‫حُظ‬٢ٔ‫٣٘ظ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٙ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬.ٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬
ٖ٤‫٣ز‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ُ‫ح‬‫ٞٛق‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬َ‫ُِلؼ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞد‬،ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ًٔخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ريهش‬
‫حألٓزخد‬٢‫حُظ‬ٖٓ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ‫طيػ‬‫أىُش‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ًخك٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫ػي‬.‫ٝؿٞىٛخ‬
‫انجبة‬8‫ػشز‬ ‫انزاثغ‬‫انزحمٛك‬ ٙ‫لبض‬ ‫أٔايز‬ ‫اطزئُبف‬
000
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫٣لن‬‫طٔظؤٗق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ًَ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬َٓ‫أ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬ٍٙ‫٣ٜي‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬
،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬َٓ‫حألٝح‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫هزَس‬‫١زوخ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬2:7.
ْ‫٣ظ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬٢‫ك‬‫ٛ٤ـش‬‫طَٜ٣ق‬ّ‫٣وي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬‫رٜخ‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬٢‫ك‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬٢ُ‫حُٔٞح‬ٍٝ‫رٜي‬ ‫إلٗؼخٍٛخ‬.َٓ‫حأل‬
٠‫٣زو‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٓؼظوال‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬َٓ‫أ‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٖ٤‫ك‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬َ‫أؿ‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫طٞحكن‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬
.ٍ‫حُلخ‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫رَكغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚٓ‫طوي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫اروخء‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زض‬
٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬

90. -:1-
001
ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ‫٣لن‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظؤٗق‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬:5ٝ263ٝ287ٝ288ٝ28:ٝ2:5ٝ ) ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫(حُلوَس‬319ٝ327
‫(حُلوَحص‬3ٝ4ٝ7ٝ8.)
‫٣لن‬ُٚ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ًٌُي‬‫٣زض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫ٝآخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ىكغ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ّ‫رؼي‬.ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
ّ‫٣وي‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫رظَٜ٣ق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫ٟز‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٞؿي‬‫رٜخ‬َ‫ٓو‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ٍ‫هال‬‫حُؼالػش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ّٞ٤ُ‫طزِ٤ؾ‬َٓ‫حأل‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬331.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬،‫ٓؼظوال‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٛل٤لخ‬‫اًح‬ٚ‫طِوظ‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ُِٔئٓٔش‬
‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ـذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٙ‫طو٤ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬‫كخال‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓـ‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ،ٙ‫هخ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬
ٚ٤‫رظٞؿ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬‫ٌُظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬‫ٝاال‬َٝ‫طؼ‬
‫ُؼوٞرخص‬.‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬
002
‫ُِطَف‬ ٌٖٔ٣٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظؤٗق‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬َٓ‫حألٝح‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫اؿَحء‬
،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ّ‫ٝرؼي‬،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫ًٌٝح‬َٓ‫حألٝح‬٢‫حُظ‬ْٔ‫ط‬ٚ‫رٜٔخُل‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬١‫رؤ‬ٍ‫كخ‬ٖٓ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظؤٗق‬‫أَٓح‬‫ه٠خث٤خ‬‫ٓظؼِوخ‬ٍ‫رخػظوخ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬٠٠‫ٓوظ‬ٖٓ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬َٓ‫أ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رٌٜح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫رخَُٔحهزش‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬‫٣زض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ىكغ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ّ‫رؼي‬.ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
ّ‫٣وي‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٚ‫حٓظج٘خك‬‫١زن‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬
334ٙ‫أػال‬ٍ‫هال‬‫حُؼالػش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬‫ُظزِ٤ؾ‬َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُلو٤و‬ ٚ٘١ٞٓ.ٍ‫حُٔوظخ‬
003
،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ّ‫هي‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫كب‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ِٓق‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُ٘ٔوش‬‫حُٔؤهًٞس‬،ٚ٘ٓ
‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬96٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ُٔلٌٔظ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ظَف‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ٕ‫ػٔخ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ‫ُي٣ٜخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
.‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫رؼي‬َٛٞ‫حُظ‬،‫رخُِٔق‬ٕ‫أ‬ٜٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫خ‬ً‫و‬‫َٓك‬ٚ‫رِٔظٔٔخط‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٍ‫هال‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حألًؼ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ٌٛح‬.َٛٞ‫حُظ‬

91. -:2-
004
َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ال‬‫رخٗظٜخء‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢ٟ‫كِوخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٕ‫أ‬َٛ‫٣ٞح‬
،ٚ‫طلو٤و‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫حُـَكش‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬‫ٓوٍَح‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫روالف‬.‫ًُي‬
005
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٕ‫رزطال‬ ‫حُيكغ‬ ‫اػخٍس‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬
‫انجبة‬8‫ػشز‬ ‫انخبيض‬‫جذٚذح‬ ‫أدنخ‬ ‫ظٕٓر‬ ‫ثظجت‬ ‫انزحمٛك‬ ‫إػبدح‬
006
َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ْ‫ٗل‬َ‫حُلؼ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ظَٜص‬
‫أىُش‬.‫ؿي٣يس‬
007
‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫أىُش‬ ‫طؼي‬‫ٜٗخىس‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٢‫حُظ‬ َٟ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬ٌُْٖ٣٢‫ك‬ٕ‫حإلٌٓخ‬‫ػَٟٜخ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬،‫ُيٍحٓظٜخ‬٢‫ٝحُظ‬ٖٓ‫آخ‬ ‫١ز٤ؼظٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ُِ‫طؼ‬‫حألىُش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫أٜٗخ‬‫ؿي‬
،‫ٟؼ٤لش‬‫ٝآخ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫طؼط‬ٍ‫ُألكؼخ‬‫ططٍٞحص‬‫ٓل٤يس‬.‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬
012
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫٣لن‬ٍَ‫طو‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٛ٘خى‬ٍَ‫ٓز‬ّ‫الُظٔخ‬‫اػخىس‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٔزذ‬ٍٜٞ‫ظ‬
.‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫أىُش‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
012
‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ ٢ٛٝ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬
;٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًٝخطذ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٖ٤٘‫حػ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ٚ٘‫ػ‬
٢‫ك‬ ;‫أٝال‬‫١ِزخص‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫حُٔويٓش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫١زوخ‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫لوَط‬‫حَُحرؼش‬
ٖٓ ‫ٝحُوخٓٔش‬‫حُٔخىس‬28:‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫حُٔظوٌس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،
271‫؛‬
٢‫ك‬ ;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬‫١ِزخص‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬321٠ُ‫ا‬324‫؛‬
٢‫ك‬ ;ً‫خ‬‫ػخُؼ‬‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬‫حَُٔكٞػش‬‫ٟي‬َٓ‫أٝح‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬333‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ؛‬

92. -:3-
ٚ‫ِٓحُٝظ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ‫ٓ٘ٔٞد‬ ٍ‫اهال‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ;ً‫خ‬‫ٍحرؼ‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ ٞٛ ‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ٚٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬3:٠ُ‫ا‬46.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
010
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ٤‫رظٔؼ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
،ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخد‬ ‫أكي‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫رٜٔٔش‬ ّٞ‫ٝ٣و‬
011
‫طـظٔغ‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫ريػٞس‬ٖٓ‫ٍث٤ٜٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬َٖٓ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬،‫ُِِٔي‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫حهظ٠ض‬
‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬.‫ًُي‬
012
‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚٔٔ‫رِٔظ‬ ‫َٓكوش‬ ‫ٝاكخُظٜخ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫طٜ٤ت‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬٢‫ك‬
.‫رخُِٔق‬ ِٚٛٞ‫ط‬ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ‫ظَف‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬ٌٙٛ‫حأله٤َس‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬‫ٝحُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٍ‫هال‬ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬28:.ٙ‫أػال‬
013
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُأل١َحف‬ْٜ٤ٓ‫ُٝٔلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِؼٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔق‬َٔ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬
،‫ُِِٔي‬‫ٝ٣ٔٔق‬ُْْٜ٣‫رظوي‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ططِغ‬ ‫ًٌَٓحص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝحأل١َحف‬.َٕٝ‫ح٥ه‬
‫طٞىع‬‫حًٌَُٔحص‬٢‫ك‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬َٗ‫ٝ٣ئ‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ٓغ‬
ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ّٞ٣.‫ا٣يحػٜخ‬
014
‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫ٝطزض‬ ،‫َٓ٣ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ َٟ‫طـ‬‫رؼي‬‫حال١الع‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ُ‫ح‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫ٔٔظ٘خ‬‫رخُو٠٤ش‬‫ٝىٍحٓش‬‫حٌُظخر٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔظٔٔخص‬َ٤ًُِّٞ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬
‫ًٌَٝٓحص‬.‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫هَحٍٛخ‬ ٍ‫ٝطٜي‬ .‫حأل١َحف‬
‫أىٝحص‬ ٍ‫ٝربك٠خ‬ ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝحالٓظٔخع‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حالهظ٘خع‬
015
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝال‬‫ٌُخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬‫ٓيحٝالص‬.‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬
016
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِـَكش‬،‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫آخ‬‫رطِذ‬َٖٓ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫أكي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
،‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ربؿَحء‬١‫أ‬‫طلو٤ن‬ٙ‫طَح‬ ٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬،‫ٓل٤يح‬ّٞ‫ٝ٣و‬ٚ‫ربؿَحث‬‫أكي‬‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬

93. -:4-
‫طلو٤ن‬ٚ‫ط٘ظير‬‫حُـَكش‬ٌُٜٙ‫َٓحػ٤خ‬ ،‫حُـخ٣ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ًُي‬ْٔ‫حُو‬ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.١‫حإلػيحى‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫حُظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬،َٓ‫حألٝح‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُـَكش‬٠‫طزو‬
‫ٓوظٜش‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ٖٟٔ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬
‫ٝحَُحرؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬291.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫كخال‬ َ٤‫حأله‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣لَؽ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ْٜ‫ُٔظ‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ٍ‫ُالػظوخ‬ ‫كيح‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫ٟٝؼض‬
.َ‫آه‬ ‫ُٔزذ‬ ‫ٓؼظوال‬ ٌٖ٣
017
‫اًح‬َ٤‫أك‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫١ِذ‬ٍ‫ربرطخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬‫كبٜٗخ‬،‫طَٜف‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٌُُي‬،‫ٓٞؿذ‬ٕ‫رزطال‬‫حإلؿَحء‬،‫حُٔؼ٤ذ‬ٕ‫ٝا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٕ‫رزطال‬‫حإلؿَحء‬‫حص‬٢‫حُظ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ط‬‫ًال‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫رؼ٠خ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٜٞٛٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬322.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬‫حهظَٜص‬‫حُـَكش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬‫ؿِء‬ٖٓ،‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫ك٤ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫آخ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ربؿَحء‬
‫طلو٤ن‬٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬‫١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬349،ٙ‫أػال‬‫ٝآخ‬‫ربكخُش‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫أكي‬‫ه٠خس‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ُٔظخرؼش‬‫اؿَحءحص‬.‫حُزلغ‬
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٍٖٓ‫حإلرطخ‬٢ٌُِ‫ح‬،‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٙٛ‫حأله٤َس‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٓؼ٤زش‬ٖٓ،‫ريح٣ظٜخ‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬َ٤‫طل‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٌ‫ُظظو‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬،ً‫خ‬‫ٓ٘خٓز‬ ٙ‫طَح‬ ‫ٓخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝطزض‬
‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
022
.‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٚ‫أ٣يط‬ ‫اًح‬ ّ‫حُظخ‬ ُٚٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٍَ‫ُِٔو‬ ٌٕٞ٣
022
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬٢ٜ‫٣٘ظ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬،٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫حُظ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬‫رب٣يحع‬‫ِٓق‬‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫رٌٜح‬ ْٜ٤ٓ‫ٝٓلخ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍ‫ربهزخ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ّٞ‫طو‬.‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ َ‫ٍٓخث‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬
٠‫٣زو‬‫ِٓق‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫ٓٞىػخ‬‫رٌظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٍ‫هال‬ٕ‫ػٔخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬
ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ٝحُٟٞغ‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬‫ُٝٔيس‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿ٤َٛخ‬ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫ُِٔخىط‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ،‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬346ٝ347.ٙ‫أػال‬
020
‫اًح‬‫أٛيٍص‬‫حُـَكش‬ّ‫رؼي‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫هَح‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬،‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬
ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫حُظ‬ٚ‫طوظ‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬

94. -:5-
021
‫اًح‬‫أ٣يص‬‫أَٓح‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫هَحٍح‬.‫رٌُي‬
‫اًح‬‫أُـض‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ‫أَٓح‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ٍَ‫طو‬‫اكخُش‬;‫حُو٠٤ش‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ;‫أٝال‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٔوخُلش‬َ‫طيه‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬٢‫ك‬
‫حهظٜخٜٛخ؛‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ;‫ػخٗ٤خ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫اًح‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ُِـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش؛‬
٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬،‫حأله٤َس‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬َ٤‫طل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫حُـ٘ق‬
‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫حُوخرِش‬،‫ُِظـِثش‬‫ًٔخ‬‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤‫طل‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬‫حَُٔطزطش‬‫رظِي‬
.‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬
022
‫٣ـذ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ٍ‫هَح‬‫حإلكخُش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ر٤خٗخ‬ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬
‫ٝٝٛلٜخ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ٝح‬،‫حُٔطزوش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫ُِـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫رب٣يحع‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
023
‫٣ٞهغ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫ًٝخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هَحٍحص‬‫حُـَكش‬.‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬
ٖ٤‫طز‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫أٓٔخء‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًٝخطذ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫ا٣يحع‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫ٝحًٌَُٔحص‬‫ِٝٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬
.‫حأل١َحف‬
024
َ‫طئؿ‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫هَحٍٛخ‬‫ال‬٢ٜ٘٣ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٗظَص‬
.‫ك٤ٜخ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٍ‫هَح‬‫حُـَكش‬‫ٜٓ٘٤خ‬،ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ّٞ‫طو‬‫رظٜل٤ش‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ٝطلِٜٔخ‬‫حُطَف‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٖٔ‫ك‬،‫حُ٘٤ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٙ‫اػلخإ‬ٖٓ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ًال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؼ٠خ‬
‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٙ‫هخ‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣ٞٛ١ٌُ‫ح‬ٍ‫أػخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
‫طزض‬‫حُـَكش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٍى‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬َ٤ُٔ ‫الُٓش‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٍىٛخ‬ ٍَ‫طو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُٜٝخ‬ ،‫حُٔلـُٞس‬
.‫ُِٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬

95. -:6-
025
‫طزِؾ‬‫هَحٍحص‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حأل١َحف‬ْٜ٤ٓ‫ٝٓلخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫حألٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬
‫ٓخػش‬‫ٛيٍٝٛخ‬ ٖٓ‫رٞحٓطش‬‫ٍٓخُش‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬
48ٝ49ٝ4:‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ
40
.
‫انجُحٛخ‬ ‫انغزفخ‬ ‫ثزئٛض‬ ‫انخبصخ‬ ‫انظهطبد‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
026
‫٣ظلون‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـَكش‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٖٖٓٔ‫ك‬َ٤ٓ‫ٌٓخطذ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حُظخرؼش‬
ًٞ‫ُ٘ل‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬َٔ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أال‬َ‫طظؤػ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬١‫رؤ‬َ٤‫طؤه‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.ٍَ‫ٓز‬
ٌُٜٙٝ،‫حُـخ٣ش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٓخطذ‬‫طؼي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ًَ‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬‫الثلش‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حَُحثـش‬‫ٓغ‬
‫حإلٗخٍس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬َ‫آه‬‫اؿَحء‬ٖٓ‫اؿَحءحص‬.‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ٚ‫طٞؿ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُِٞحثق‬ًَ‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬.‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬
ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫الثلش‬‫هخٛش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫رخُٔظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬.ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬
027
ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رِ٣خٍس‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُظخرؼش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ًٞ‫ُ٘ل‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫َٓس‬ًَ‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،َ‫حأله‬‫ٝ٣ظلون‬ٖٓ‫كخُش‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬٢‫ك‬
‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬.٢١‫حكظ٤خ‬
.‫حُالُٓش‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣
.‫حُالُٓش‬ ‫حُظٞٛ٤خص‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ،ُٚ ٍَ‫ٓز‬ ‫ال‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬
032
‫ؿَف‬ ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ َ٤ٓ ٖ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٞ٘ٓ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣٘ٞد‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫٣٠غ‬
‫حُظخرؼ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬.‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ًٞ‫ُ٘ل‬ ‫ش‬
40-َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬2.85.558‫رظخٍ٣ن‬22ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬24:5(39َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬2:85٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُٜٔخىهش‬ )
ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬3441‫رظخٍ٣ن‬ ٌٍَٓ24ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬24:5(41َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬2:85،)
ٙ3852.

96. -:7-
‫انجزائى‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انحكى‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انكزبة‬
032
ٓ ،ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ٖ٤ٗ‫هٞح‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ُْ ‫خ‬‫ًُي‬،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬
‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬;‫ر٤خٜٗخ‬ ٢‫ح٥ط‬
2-‫حالرظيحث٤ش؛‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬
3-.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬
‫االخزصبص‬ ‫رُبسع‬ ‫فصم‬ ٔ ‫انؼبدٚخ‬ ‫االخزصبص‬ ‫لٕاػذ‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
41
030
.‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬
03142
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَف‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬
.‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حرظيحث٤خ‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬342٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
358.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫حال‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حٓظؼ٘خء‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫رظيحث٤ش‬
‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حرظيحث٤خ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ٢‫ك‬
41-ٚ‫طوظ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ٜٙٞٗ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ‫هٞحػي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬
٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬ ‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رخُٔظخرؼش‬ ١‫رخَُرخ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حإلٍٛخر٤ش‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ٝ ‫؛‬ٌُٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ألٓزخد‬ ،‫ًٍٞس‬
َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ َ‫رٔو‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫طؼوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،٢ٓٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖٓ‫رخأل‬ ‫طظؼِن‬‫حُٔخرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،ٖٓ
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬14.14ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ُ‫ح‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ُ‫ح‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َ٘٣ق‬2.14.251‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37ٖٓ
ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2535(39١‫ٓخ‬3114َُ‫ح‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫ٓٔ٤ش‬6223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬38ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2535(3:١‫ٓخ‬
3114ٙ ،)2866.
-‫ًٔخ‬ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُزض‬ ‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رخُٔظخرؼخص‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ١‫حَُرخ‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬،
ٝ٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫طؼوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝرٜلش‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ٖٓ‫رخأل‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ،‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ًْ‫ُِٔلخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣َٟ‫أه‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫ٓوَحص‬‫؛‬
٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬‫حُٔخىس‬49ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ54.16‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َٔ‫ؿ‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
ْ‫ٍه‬2.18.8:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬ ٖٓ2539(28َ٣َ‫أر‬3118‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫)؛‬6633‫رظخٍ٣ن‬25
‫ح‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬َ‫٥ه‬2539(4١‫ٓخ‬3118ٙ ،)246:ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ‫؛‬ٚٔ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬.
42-ْ‫ط‬ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬‫حُٔخىس‬364٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬‫ؼخٗ٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

97. -:8-
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬4:7‫ػوٞرظٜخ‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬
٢‫كو‬ ٖ٤‫حُؼوٞرظ‬ ٖ٤‫ٛخط‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝؿَحٓش‬ ‫كزٔخ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬.
032
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ‬‫٘خ٣خص‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫حُٔخىس‬527.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬568.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
033
‫٣َؿغ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫كخُش‬‫طؼيى‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫ٝحؿظٔخػٜخ‬‫رٔزذ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫هخرِ٤ظٜخ‬‫ُِظـِثش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫حُٔوظٜش‬٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫رخُل‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬.‫حألٗي‬
‫ططزن‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُوخػيس‬‫رٜلش‬‫حهظ٤خٍ٣ش‬‫اًح‬‫حطليص‬ْ‫ؿَحث‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬‫رؼالهش‬.١‫حالٍطزخ‬
034
َ‫طؼظز‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫هخرِش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ُِظـِثش‬‫هخٛش‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٓظِٜش‬‫حطٜخال‬‫ٝػ٤وخ‬‫ُيٍؿش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٝؿٞى‬
‫رؼ٠ٜخ‬‫ال‬ٍٜٞ‫٣ظ‬ٕٝ‫ري‬‫ٝؿٞى‬ٞ‫حُزؼ‬،َ‫ح٥ه‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓظَطزش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٔزذ‬‫ٝٗخٗجش‬
ٖ‫ػ‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُيحكغ‬‫ٝحٍطٌزض‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬ُِٖٓ‫ح‬٢‫ٝك‬ْ‫ٗل‬.ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬
035
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫َٓطزطش‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
)‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝهض‬‫ٝحكي‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬‫ػيس‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬‫ٓـظٔؼ٤ٖ؛‬
)‫د‬‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬ٖ٤‫ٓوظِل‬ُٞٝ٢‫ك‬‫أٝهخص‬‫ٓظزخ٣٘ش‬٢‫ٝك‬ًٖ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓوظِلش‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫اػ‬‫حطلخم‬ْ‫ط‬ْٜ٘٤‫ر‬َٖٓ‫هز‬‫؛‬
)‫ؽ‬‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌذ‬‫حُـ٘خس‬ْ‫ؿَحث‬ٍٜٞ‫ُِل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫ٝٓخث‬ٌْٜ٘ٔ‫ط‬ٖٓ‫حٍطٌخد‬،َٟ‫أه‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ٝ‫أ‬
ْٛ‫طٔخػي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫اطٔخ‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْٜ٘ٔ‫ط‬ٖٓ‫حإلكالص‬ٖٓ.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫اهلخء‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫َٓطزطخ‬‫رخُـَ٣ٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٌٓ٘ض‬ٍٖٜٓٞ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٔولخس‬
ٖٓ‫حٗظِحػٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حهظالٜٓخ‬‫ًال‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫رؼ٠خ‬
036
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔلخُش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫رخُزض‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ىكغ‬َٙ٤‫٣ؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ُِيكخع‬
ٖ‫ػ‬.ٚٔ‫ٗل‬
‫ُِيكخع‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َٙ٤‫٣ؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُيكغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُزض‬ ‫ٓوظٜش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
.١ٍ‫ػوخ‬ ٢٘٤‫ػ‬ ‫رلن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٍَ‫ه‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
‫ال‬٣َ‫وز‬١‫أ‬‫ىكغ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ٢‫ك‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓزٍَح‬‫رٞهخثغ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔٔظ٘يحص‬ْ‫طيػ‬‫حىػخءحص‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬‫حُيكغ‬ٍ‫حُٔؼخ‬ٖٓٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ـَى‬

98. -:9-
َ‫حُلؼ‬ٌِ‫حَُٔط‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٖٓ‫١خرغ‬‫حُٔوخُلش‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬،‫حُيكغ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬
.‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫ىػٞح‬ ‫٣َكغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػ٘خء‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٤ٜ‫ه‬ ً‫ال‬‫أؿ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طليى‬
‫اًح‬ُْ‫طَكغ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حألؿ‬،‫حُٔليى‬ٍُْٝ‫٣ي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٔخ‬‫٣ؼزض‬ٚ‫ٓزخَٗط‬‫ُإلؿَحءحص‬
‫حُٔظؼِوش‬،‫رٜخ‬َٝ‫طؼ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ىكؼ‬َٛ‫ٝطٞح‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬
037
‫٣َؿغ‬‫ٓغ‬ ،ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔخرغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫ٝحُؼخ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ٖ٤ٔٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣وغ‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬‫آخ‬َ‫ٓل‬‫حٍطٌخد‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝآخ‬َ‫ٓل‬
‫اهخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اهخٓش‬‫أكي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٚ‫ٓؼ‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝآخ‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اُوخء‬
ٞ‫حُوز‬،ْٛ‫أكي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ُٕٞٝ‫ًخ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ٓظَطزخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٓزذ‬.َ‫آه‬
042
ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ‫ططزن‬ ‫ال‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُلَع‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫روٞحػي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫٣و‬
ْٜٖ٘ٓ‫ػ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬َ٘‫ػ‬‫ػخٓخ‬‫اال‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حٌُظخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬
ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
204243
ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ‫هٞحػي‬ ٖٓ ‫حٓظؼ٘خء‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ّ‫أهٔخ‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫رٔلخ‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬
44
َّٞٓٔ‫ر‬ ‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ َ‫ىٝحث‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼ٤٘ش‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬45
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ،
43-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬2-371٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬‫ؼخُؼش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.
44-ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ َ‫حٗظ‬‫ٝحَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٓ7َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٖٓ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬2.85.449‫رظخٍ٣ن‬35
‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬24:5(26ُٞ٤ُٞ٣2:85ْ٤‫رخُظ٘ظ‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ )َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ٔ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ٚ،‫حُـَ٣يس‬
‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬4331‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬24:5(28ُٞ٤ُٞ٣2:85ٙ ،)3138.
‫ٗل‬ َ‫ىٝحث‬ ‫ٝحُٔؼ٤٘ش‬ ،‫حُٔليىس‬ ‫حالٓظ٤٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ َٔ‫"ط٘ظ‬.‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ْ‫ُِـَحث‬ ّ‫أهٔخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،َّٞٓٔ‫ر‬ ‫ًٞٛخ‬
‫ُِـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ٝؿَف‬ ‫ُِـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ٝؿَف‬ ‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حألهٔخ‬ ٌٙٛ َٔ‫ط٘ظ‬‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٝٗ٤خرش‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ًٝظخرش‬
."‫حُؼخٓش‬
45–ْ‫ٍه‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ َ‫حٗظ‬3.22.556٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬8‫حُلـش‬ ١ً2543(5َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3122‫رظلي٣ي‬ )
‫حال‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫ػيى‬‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ َ‫ىٝحث‬ ٖ٤٤‫ٝطؼ‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ْ‫ُِـَحث‬ ّ‫أهٔخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُٔليػش‬ ‫ٓظج٘خف‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6::6‫رظخٍ٣ن‬
28‫حُلـش‬ ًٝ2543(25َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3122ٙ ،)6526.
ْ‫ٍه‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫رخ‬ ‫حُِٔلن‬ ٍٝ‫حُـي‬3.22.556٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬8‫حُلـش‬ ١ً2543(5َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3122)
ّ‫أهٔخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُٔليػش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬َ‫ىٝحث‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬
١‫حَُرخ‬١‫حَُرخ‬–‫حُو٘٤طَس‬–‫١٘ـش‬–ٕ‫ططٞح‬
‫حُز٤٠خء‬ ٍ‫حُيح‬‫حُز٤٠خء‬ ٍ‫حُيح‬–‫ٓطخص‬–‫حُـي٣يس‬–‫هَ٣زٌش‬–ٍ‫ٓال‬ ٢٘‫ر‬
ّ‫كخ‬ّ‫كخ‬–ّ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬–‫حَُٗ٤ي٣ش‬–‫طخُس‬–‫حُلٔ٤ٔش‬–ٍٟٞ‫حُ٘خ‬-‫ٝؿيس‬
ًٖ‫َٓح‬ًٖ‫َٓح‬–٢‫آٓل‬–‫ٍُٝحُحص‬–َ٣‫أًخى‬–ٕٞ٤‫حُؼ‬

99. -::-
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬352٠ُ‫ا‬367ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ
.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫كِٜٜخ‬
042
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬َٜ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
-‫اًح‬َ‫حُلؼ‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫طٔض‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬ًْ‫ٝٓلخ‬
،َٟ‫أه‬‫ػيس‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ه٠خس‬‫ُِظلو٤ن‬‫؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫أػِ٘ض‬‫ػيس‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ْ‫ٗل‬َ‫حُلؼ‬ٍَ‫رٔو‬‫ٜٗخث٢؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫أػِ٘ض‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٖ‫ػ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬‫رؼي‬ ٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٍَ‫رٔو‬ٕ‫أ‬‫أك٤ِض‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
َٓ‫رؤ‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬.‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬
040
ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ُيحثَس‬ ٖ٤‫طخرؼظ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓلٌٔظ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫ِٗحع‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َكغ‬ ‫حُِ٘حع‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ِٗحع‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ٖ٤‫ٓلٌٔظ‬‫طو٠غ‬ًَ‫ٝحكيس‬‫ٜٓ٘ٔخ‬ًٞ‫ُ٘ل‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓوظِلش‬‫حُِ٘حع‬‫٣َكغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬.
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ِٗحع‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ٖ٤‫ٓلٌٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٖ٤‫حٓظج٘خك٤ظ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫ِٗحع‬
‫ال‬‫طٞؿي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬٠ِ‫أػ‬‫ٓ٘ظًَش‬.‫ر٤ٜ٘خ‬
041
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬َٜ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ًَٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُطَف‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُطِذ‬‫طٞىع‬ ‫رًٌَٔس‬‫رٌظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬
.ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
‫طزِؾ‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬‫ُـٔ٤غ‬‫حأل١َحف‬َ‫ىحه‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣،‫ا٣يحػٜخ‬َُْٜٝ‫أؿ‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫إل٣يحع‬ْٜ‫ًٌَٓحط‬‫حُـٞحر٤ش‬‫رٌظخرش‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٣َٜٖٗٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬
‫طزِ٤ؾ‬.‫ُِطِذ‬ ‫حُٔظ٠ٔ٘ش‬ ‫حًٌَُٔس‬
‫ال‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حُطِذ‬‫ٝال‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔؼخٍس‬١‫أ‬َ‫أػ‬،‫ٓٞهق‬‫ٓخ‬ٍَُْ‫طو‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
٢‫حُظ‬َ‫ٓظ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ‫ط٘خُع‬‫هالف‬،‫ًُي‬ٌُٜٙٝ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬
‫حُٞػخثن‬،‫حُٔل٤يس‬‫ُٜٝخ‬‫كن‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ٛلش‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫هخٓض‬‫رٜخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٍ‫ٛي‬
‫اُ٤ٜخ‬َٓ‫حأل‬.٢ِ‫رخُظو‬
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رظض‬٢‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ٝ‫أ‬

100. -211-
‫االطزضُبئٛخ‬ ‫االخزصبص‬ ‫لٕاػذ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
042
١َ‫طـ‬‫كٔذ‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حٌُِ٘٤خص‬،‫ح٥ط٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬٢‫ح٥ط‬،ًًَْٛ‫اًح‬‫ٗٔذ‬
ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ِٓحُٝش‬ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حٍطٌخد‬ ‫هخٍؿٜخ‬َ‫كؼ‬‫ٓؼخهذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫رٞٛل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬.‫ؿ٘لش‬
043
‫ًخطذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓش‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬ ٖٓ ٞ٠‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ ‫ُـالُش‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓ٘ٔٞر‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٗخثذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ىُٝش‬
46
ٝ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬١ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ٠‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِلٔخرخص‬ ٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
47
ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫ٝح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫ٓظو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػخى٣ش‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫ػخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ُي٣ٜخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫ػخ‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٜش‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬َٓ‫طؤ‬-‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬–‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
ْ‫ر٘ل‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫ٛ٤جظٜخ‬ ٖٓ ‫أػ٠خء‬ ‫ػيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ٠‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ٕ‫رؤ‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٌُ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ َٟ‫٣ـ‬
.١‫حإلػيحى‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫اٜٗخء‬ ‫رؼي‬ّ‫رؼي‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ه٠خث‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬.
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طزض‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫ؿَف‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝطزض‬ .ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ َ‫٣وز‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬ ‫ٓـظٔؼش‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬
ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫ٓطخُزش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ َ‫طوز‬ ‫ال‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬.
044
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػخى٣ش‬ ‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓ٘ٔٞر‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ُِلٔخرخص‬ ١ٜٞ‫ؿ‬ ِْ‫رٔـ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓظوٜٜش‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ر‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ْٔ‫رِٔظ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬‫خُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓخ‬ ٍَ‫طو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬
46-‫حُزخد‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ُٔ٘ش‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٍٞ‫ىٓظ‬ ٖٓ ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬2::7٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼِ٤خ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬
‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫ٝؿ٘ق‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣خص‬ ٖٓ ٕٞ‫٣َطٌز‬ ‫ػٔخ‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓش‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬ ‫ٓلخًٔش‬‫ُٜٔخْٜٓ؛‬ ْٜ‫ٓٔخٍٓظ‬
َٜ‫حُل‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫أٓخ‬:5‫ػٔخ‬ ،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬ ُٕٞٝ‫ٓٔئ‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓش‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬ " ;ٕ‫كب‬ ‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ
َ٣‫أػ٘خء‬ ،‫ٝؿ٘ق‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣خص‬ ٖٓ ٕٞ‫طٌز‬."...ْٜٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬ ْٜ‫ٓٔخٍٓظ‬
47-.‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ُِزخد‬ ‫١زوخ‬ "١ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ِْ‫"حُٔـ‬ َ‫ٓل‬ "‫حُيٓظٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫"حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ػزخٍس‬ ‫كِض‬

101. -212-
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ،‫حإل٣ـخد‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ .‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٢٠‫٣وظ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
.ٚ‫ٜٓٔظ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ىحثَطٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٗ‫٣زخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ُٜ ‫حُٔؼ٤٘ش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ‫٣٘ظيد‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٟ‫هخ‬ َٝ‫حُـ‬ ‫ٌح‬
.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ‫حُٞهخثغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬ ٚ‫رٔلٌٔظ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬
١َ‫٣ـ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬
ٙ‫حُوخ‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.١‫حإلػيحى‬
‫٣َكغ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬‫رٔـَى‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫حُزلغ‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫ُ٤وي‬.ٚ‫ِٓظٔٔخط‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬،‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربكخُش‬
‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫حالٓظج٘خك‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ربكخُش‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ،‫رـ٘لش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫ٝاًح‬.‫٤ش‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬َٓ‫أٝح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫هخرِش‬ٖ‫ُِطؼ‬‫١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
.١‫حإلػيحى‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫ُِطَف‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣ظيه‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫كٔذ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬461ٝ462.ٙ‫رؼي‬
045
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓظوٜٜش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػخى٣ش‬ ‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓ٘ٔٞر‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ْٔ‫رِٔظ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬ ،‫حإل٣ـخد‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫رلغ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٢٠‫٣وظ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬
٘‫ٓٔظ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ‫حُٞهخثغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ ،‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ٚ‫٣ٌِل‬ ٚ‫رٔلٌٔظ‬ ٍ‫خ‬
‫رخُلن‬ ‫ٝحُٔطخُزش‬ ‫ٝحإلكخُش‬ ‫ٝحُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫ُِزلغ‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝططزن‬
.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
046
‫اًح‬‫ٗٔذ‬ُ‫زخٗخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫هِ٤لش‬‫هخثي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫ُؼخ‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫َٗ١ش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ٖٓ
‫حُو٠خس‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬‫حُٔخروش‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫ُـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ِٓحُٝش‬،ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ٕ‫كب‬
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬،‫ُِِٔي‬
ٍَ‫٣و‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬٢٠‫٣وظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫حُزلغ‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬‫حإل٣ـخد‬ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ً‫خ‬‫ٌِٓل‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬
‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.ٚ‫رٔلٌٔظ‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬،‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬‫أَٓح‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫رخإلكخُش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬
‫أٓخ‬ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫رـ٘لش‬َ٤‫٣ل‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٍٝ‫٣ِح‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حرظيحث٤ش‬
.‫ريحثَطٜخ‬ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬

102. -213-
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬٢‫ٟخر‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ٓئٛال‬‫ُٔزخَٗس‬ٚ‫ٝظ٤لظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓـٔٞع‬‫طَحد‬ٌُِٔٔ‫ح‬،‫ش‬ٕ‫كب‬
ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫٣َؿغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬376.
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬َ‫حُظيه‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٖٟٔ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬461
ٝ462.ٙ‫رؼي‬
047
‫ُِوٞحػي‬ ‫هالكخ‬٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ،‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫ُالهظٜخ‬ ‫حَُحؿؼش‬ ‫حُؼخى٣ش‬
ٖٟٔٝ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حُـِٔخص‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫طَطٌذ‬ ‫هي‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬468‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬472.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫ؿ٘لش‬ ‫ٛلش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوظَكش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٛلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ‫رخُلز‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬
.ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ًْ‫كِِٔلخ‬
052
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫ر‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٔلذ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫طٌ٘ي‬‫َٓ٘ٝع‬ٖٓ١‫أ‬
‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬،ٌْ‫ُِل‬‫ٝطل٤ِٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ْٖٓ‫ٗل‬.‫حُيٍؿش‬
052
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬‫١ِزخص‬‫حإلكخُش‬َ‫هز‬١‫أ‬‫حٓظـٞحد‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓ٘خه٘ش‬٢‫ك‬،َٛٞ‫حُـ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬
ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حُٔٔظ٘ي‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٍَ‫ًٔز‬‫ُإلكخُش‬‫هي‬‫١َأص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حًظ٘لض‬‫رؼي‬.‫ًُي‬
‫٣ٞىع‬‫حُطِذ‬‫رٌظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫آخ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬‫حَُٔكٞػش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬،ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
‫ال‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ا٣يحع‬‫حُطِذ‬١‫أ‬َ‫أػ‬،‫ٓٞهق‬‫ٓخ‬ٍَُْ‫طو‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬
‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
‫٣زِؾ‬‫حُطِذ‬‫كٍٞح‬‫ُـٔ٤غ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ْٜٜٔ٣َٓ‫حأل‬ُْٜ ‫ٝ٣ليى‬‫ػَ٘س‬ َ‫أؿ‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫إل٣يحع‬
‫ًٌَٓس‬‫رٌظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬.
‫طزض‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ٕٝ‫ى‬َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬
،‫حُطِذ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ َٜٗ َ‫أؿ‬‫ٝ٣زِؾ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬.‫ػٜ٘خ‬

103. -214-
050
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬،ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬.٢ٓٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫رخإلكخُش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫ٝكي‬
ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ،‫حُـَكش‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ،‫حُٔؼ٘٤ش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬،‫حأل١َحف‬
َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬،‫حُؼيحُش‬ َ٤ٓ ٖٔ‫ك‬ ‫ُظلو٤ن‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬١َ٘‫ر‬‫أال‬‫٣٘ظؾ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬١‫أ‬ٍََٟ‫٣ؼَه‬ٍٜٞ‫ظ‬
‫حُلو٤وش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬ ْٔ٣‫كوٞم‬.‫حُيكخع‬
١َ‫طـ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلخُظ‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
051
ٌٖٔ٣‫طـَ٣ق‬ًَٝ‫هخ‬ٖٓ‫ه٠خس‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ُٚٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ُِٝؿ‬‫ِٜٓلش‬‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُيػٟٞ؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ُٚٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ُِٝؿ‬‫هَحرش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخَٛس‬‫ٓغ‬‫أكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬‫رٔخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ىٍؿش‬‫أر٘خء‬
ّ‫حألػٔخ‬ٍ‫ٝحألهٞح‬‫؛‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬‫أكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬٢ٟ‫ٝحُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ُٝؿ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أُٜٛٞٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كَٝػٜٔخ‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ال‬
ٍ‫طِح‬‫ؿخٍ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حٗظٜض‬ٌَ٘ٓ‫أه‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬‫؛‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫ىحث٘خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫ألكي‬ ‫ٓي٣٘خ‬‫؛‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫هي‬‫ٓزن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬ّ‫هي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٍحكغ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫ٓؼ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُو٠خء‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠٤ش‬َ‫ٗظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫كٌٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫أى‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫حالرظيحث٢؛‬ ‫١ٍٞٛخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫رض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜ٘خىس‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫هي‬‫طَٜف‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫ٓٔؼال‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬‫ألكي‬‫حأل١َحف؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٛ٘خى‬‫ػالهش‬‫طزؼ٤ش‬ٖ٤‫ر‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ُٝؿ‬‫ٝأكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٝؿٚ؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٖ٤‫ر‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝأكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬‫ٛيحهش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػيحٝس‬‫ٓؼَٝكش؛‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٞٛ.٢ٌ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬
052
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫طـَ٣ق‬‫ه٠خس‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬

104. -215-
053
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٝ‫هخ‬ٚ٘٤‫ر‬ٖ٤‫ٝر‬ْٜ‫ٓظ‬‫ٓزذ‬ٖٓ‫أٓزخد‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬273ٝ‫أ‬١‫أ‬‫ٓزذ‬َ‫آه‬ٚ‫ُظ٘ل٤ظ‬،ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫طَٜ٣لخ‬‫رٌُي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ُ‫ٔلٌٔش‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٝ‫أ‬278
.ٙ‫رؼي‬
054
‫٣ِٔي‬‫كن‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ٝ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬
055
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫أٍحى‬‫طـَ٣ق‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رٌُي‬َ‫هز‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ٓ٘خه٘ش‬٢‫ك‬،َٛٞ‫حُـ‬‫ٝاًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫ٓٞؿٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬،‫رخُظلو٤ن‬‫ك٤ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬َ‫هز‬١‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٓظـٞحد‬‫حٓظٔخع‬
‫٣ظؼِن‬،َٛٞ‫رخُـ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫أٓزخد‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫هي‬‫١َأص‬ٝ‫أ‬ُِْْ‫٣ؼ‬‫رٜخ‬‫حُٔطخُذ‬‫رخُظـَ٣ق‬‫اال‬
.‫الكوخ‬
056
ّ‫٣وي‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬،‫ًظخرش‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬‫حُٞٓ٤ِش‬‫حُٔؼخٍس‬
،‫ُِظـَ٣ق‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫٣َكن‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬‫حُلـؾ‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞهؼ‬ ‫حُٔل٤يس‬‫١خُذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬ٝ‫أ‬ِٚ٤ًٝ.ٙ‫حُوخ‬
‫٣َكغ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓٞؿٜخ‬‫ٟي‬ٝ‫هخ‬‫طخرغ‬
‫ُيحثَس‬ًٞ‫ٗل‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ُٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٔلٌٔش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫ٓٞؿٜخ‬‫ٟي‬
‫أكي‬‫ه٠خس‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫س‬.
057
‫ال‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ا٣يحع‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬٢ِ‫طو‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ّ‫هي‬ٚٗ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُطِذ‬‫اال‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُلخُش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬284.ٙ‫رؼي‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫آخ‬‫رب٣وخف‬
‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٝآخ‬‫رب٣وخف‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬
062
‫٣طِذ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ا٣٠خكخص‬ٖٓ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬٢‫ك‬،ْٜ‫كو‬
ُٕٚٝ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬‫ا٣٠خكخص‬‫طٌٔ٤ِ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫١خُذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫اًح‬ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ًُي‬‫ٍَٟٝ١.ٝ٣زض‬٢‫ك‬
ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬.‫ُِِٔي‬
062
َِ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ال‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ٍٞ‫روز‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫ٝال‬َ‫٣وز‬١‫أ‬،ٖ‫١ؼ‬‫ٝ٣ظَطذ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬٢ِ‫حُظو‬ٖ‫ػ‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫كٍٞح‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٝهغ‬.ْٜ‫طـَ٣ل‬

105. -216-
060
َِ‫٣ؼ‬َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٞ‫رَك‬‫١ِذ‬،‫حُظـَ٣ق‬ٌٖٔ٣ٖٝ‫حُطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬،َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ٌٛح‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫ال‬ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫ٝال‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬
.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
061
ًَ‫١ِذ‬‫طـَ٣ق‬ٚ‫ٓٞؿ‬‫ٟي‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫رًٌَٔس‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ُ‫ٔلٌٔش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣زض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬ْ‫ٗل‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬َٓ‫رؤ‬٢‫ه٠خث‬َ٤‫ؿ‬َ‫هخر‬١‫أل‬،ٖ‫١ؼ‬‫ٝططزن‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬
279.ٙ‫أػال‬
062
‫اًح‬٠‫حىػ‬‫أكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬٢‫ك‬‫ريح٣ش‬‫حالٓظـٞحد‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـِٔش‬ٕ‫رؤ‬‫ٓززخ‬ٖٓ‫أٓزخد‬‫حُظـَ٣ق‬‫هي‬
،‫١َأ‬َ‫أهز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ر‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬‫َٝٛف‬ ،‫حُٞهض‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬‫٣طِذ‬‫طـَ٣ق‬ٝ‫هخ‬‫ُِظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أًؼ‬
ٖٓ‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٤ٌُٗٞٔ‫ح‬‫ُٜ٤جش‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫كٍٞح‬‫ًٌَٓس‬،‫رٌُي‬‫حُطِذ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ظَطذ‬
‫ا٣وخف‬‫حالٓظـٞحد‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٚ‫ٝطٞؿ‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬ٕٝ‫ى‬َ٤‫طؤه‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬.ٍٝ‫حأل‬
063
٣َ‫حُظـ‬ ‫١ِذ‬ َٔ‫ه‬ ٖٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ‫ق‬2.311ٝ3.611،ٍْٛ‫ى‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫اٛخٗش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬
.٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝٓٔؼش‬ ‫رَ٘ف‬ ُْٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُِٔػٞٓش‬ ‫حُٞهخثغ‬ ‫١ز٤ؼش‬ ٖٓ
‫انجهظبد‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
064
ٌٖٔ٣‫اػزخص‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫رؤ٣ش‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬َٖٓ‫ٝٓخث‬،‫حإلػزخص‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٢‫حُظ‬٢٠‫٣و‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫روالف‬،‫ًُي‬ٌْ‫ٝ٣ل‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫كٔذ‬ٚ‫حهظ٘خػ‬‫ٓخ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ ْ٤ُٜٔ‫ح‬
‫ُِز٘ي‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حهظ٘خع‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬9‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ476.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حإلػزخص‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ْ‫هخث‬‫َٛك‬‫ض‬ّ‫رؼي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫اىحٗش‬‫ٝكٌٔض‬.ٚ‫رزَحءط‬

106. -217-
065
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬٢٘‫طز‬‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫اال‬‫كـؾ‬‫ػَٟض‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ٝٗٞه٘ض‬ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗل‬
ً‫خ‬٣ٍٞ٠‫ٝك‬.‫أٓخٜٓخ‬
066
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ػزٞص‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫٣ظٞهق‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ُ‫ى‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
،‫هخٛش‬٢‫طَحػ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬.‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬
067
َ٣ٍ‫ٝحُظوخ‬ َٟ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ‫٣ؼظي‬ ‫ال‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٕ‫ٝأػٞح‬ ١‫ٟزخ‬ ‫٣لٍَٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫ٛل٤لش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ّ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٞ‫رزؼ‬ ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ ٕ‫ٝحألػٞح‬ ٕٞ‫ٝحُٔٞظل‬
ٙ‫طِوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٘٣‫ػخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ‫ٝظ٤لظ‬ ّ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ ٞٛٝ ‫ٓلٍَٛخ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٖٟٔٝ ٌَُ٘‫ح‬ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬
.ٚٛ‫حهظٜخ‬
072
َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬َ٣ٍ‫ٝحُظوخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣لٍَٛخ‬١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُظؼزض‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٖٓ
،‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬‫٣ٞػن‬‫رٔ٠ٜٔ٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ؼزض‬.‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ٌْ‫حُؼ‬
072
‫ال‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬‫ًُي‬َٖٟٓ‫حُٔلخ‬‫اال‬ َ٣ٍ‫حُظوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓـَى‬.‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬
070
َ٣ٍ‫حُظوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٕٞٔ٠ٓ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ ‫اًح‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫كال‬ ،ٍُِٝ‫رخ‬ ‫اال‬–ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬-.‫حُٞٓ٤ِش‬ ٌٙٛ َ٤‫رـ‬ ‫ػٌٜٔخ‬ ‫اػزخص‬
071
.‫ُِو٠خس‬ ‫حُظوي٣َ٣ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬ ‫حإلػزخص‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖٓ َٙ٤‫ًـ‬ ‫حالػظَحف‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬
‫حٗظِح‬ ‫ػزض‬ ‫حػظَحف‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ‫٣ؼظي‬ ‫ال‬.ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُؼ٘ق‬ ٚ‫ػ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼ٘ق‬ ‫َٓطٌذ‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝػالٝس‬
.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
072
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٘ظؾ‬َ٤ُ‫حُي‬٢‫حٌُظخر‬َٖٓ‫حَُٓخث‬‫حُٔظزخىُش‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.ٚ٤ٓ‫ٝٓلخ‬

107. -218-
073
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُوزَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫طَحػ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬
2:5ٝ2:6‫ٝحُٔخىس‬2:9‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬319.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
074
ّ‫طوخ‬‫حُلـش‬‫رٜ٘خىس‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬436‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ؿخ٣ش‬457
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
075
١َ‫٣٘ظ‬‫ُٜلش‬‫حٗؼوخى‬‫حُـِٔخص‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌَ٘‫ط‬ًَ‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫١زوخ‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ْٓ‫حُٔئ‬.‫ُٜخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫ٓوٍَحطٜخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ه٠خس‬‫ٗخًٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬
‫اًح‬ٝ‫هخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أًؼ‬‫أػ٘خء‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫طؼخى‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٖٓ.‫ؿي٣ي‬
َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬63‫حُٔظؼِوش‬٢ٟ‫روخ‬
‫ال‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٌٖٔ٣‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬١‫أل‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ػ‬‫حٗظيد‬ّ‫ُٜٔخ‬‫ه٠خء‬
ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٘خٍى‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬‫ٓزن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬ٍّ‫ٓخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٝػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫ًُي‬‫ٝطلض‬‫١خثِش‬ْ‫ٗل‬،‫حُـِحء‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُو٠خس‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣٘خًٍٞح‬٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠٤ش‬‫ٓزن‬
ُْٜ‫حُزض‬.‫ٟٓٞٞػٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬
076
٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـِٔش‬٢‫ٟز‬ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬َ٤٤ٔ‫ٝط‬‫حُزلغ‬‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬،‫رٜخ‬‫كوٞم‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ُٚٝ
ٞ‫ٍك‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ًَ‫ٓخ‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬‫ا١خُظٜخ‬ٕٝ‫ري‬ٟٝ‫ؿي‬ُٕٚٝ‫أ‬.‫٣ٞهلٜخ‬
077
‫طزض‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُطِزخص‬‫حَُحٓ٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫طؤؿ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬.‫الكن‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٖ٣َٟ‫كخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ِ‫ٓٔؼ‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـِٔش‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫طئؿ‬
‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٙ‫طليى‬‫حأل١َحف‬ ٚ‫ر‬ َ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬ ٍٞ‫حُل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ُظ‬ ‫كخؿش‬‫حٓظيػخءحص‬
.‫ؿي٣يس‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬-‫اًح‬‫ىػض‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬-ٕ‫أ‬َ‫طئؿ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬َ‫ألؿ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬،ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬
‫٣ـذ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬‫طـي٣ي‬‫حٓظيػخء‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬ٖٓ.‫ؿي٣ي‬

108. -219-
122
‫٣ـذ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ‫طظ‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫حُزلغ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿِٔش‬‫ػِ٘٤ش‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬301ٝ413.ٙ‫رؼي‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬‫اػخٍس‬‫ٌٛح‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ٤‫طٔـ‬‫حإلٜٗخى‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫ػِ٘٤ش‬.‫حُـِٔش‬
122
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔ٘غ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ ْٜ٠‫رؼ‬ٍٞ‫ىه‬‫هخػش‬‫حُـِٔخص‬‫اًح‬ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ٕ‫أ‬
ٍْٛٞ٠‫ك‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.‫ٓ٘خٓذ‬
120
‫اًح‬‫حػظزَص‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫ػِ٘٤ش‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫هطَح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حأل‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫حألهالم‬‫أٛيٍص‬
ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬َ‫رـؼ‬‫حُـِٔش‬.‫َٓ٣ش‬
‫اًح‬‫طوٍَص‬‫َٓ٣ش‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ُألٓزخد‬‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬َٔ٘‫ط‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫طالٝس‬
١‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫٣زض‬٢‫ك‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬‫١َأ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُزلغ‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
121
‫آالص‬ ٍ‫رخٓظؼٔخ‬ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬ ٌ‫أه‬ ‫رؼي‬ ْ٤‫َُِث‬ ٌٖٔ٣َ٤‫حُظٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٣ٜٞ‫حُظ‬
ٚ‫ر‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ َ‫آه‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـِٔخص‬ ‫روخػش‬ ،‫حُٔوظِلش‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫حالُظوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حإلٍٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫آالف‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼخهذ‬ .٢‫ه٠خث‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٝحألَٗ١ش‬ ‫ح٥الص‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍ‫ٝطٜخى‬ ،ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫أُق‬ ٖ٤ٔٔ‫ٝه‬
‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬‫أٛلخى‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ َ٣ٜٞ‫رظ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٖٓ ًَ
ًٕ‫ا‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُظَٝف‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫أهٌص‬ ‫ٍٛٞس‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٖٓ ًَٝ .ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ً‫ح‬‫ه٤ٞى‬
.‫ٛخكزٜخ‬
‫حٓظطالع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طؼِ٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ َ٘٘‫ر‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ٖٓ ًَ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬
‫ه٠خ‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َ‫طـ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ١‫َُِأ‬‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ‫ث٤ش‬
ٍُٞٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اٗخٍحص‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رٍٜٞط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔٓ‫رخ‬ ً‫خ‬٘٤‫ٓؼ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ،ٚ٘ٓ
.َُ٘٘‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٓظؼِٔض‬
ٖٓ ‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔخروظ‬ ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜٔخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٖ٤‫حُلخُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ١َ‫طـ‬
.َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬
‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫اىحٗش‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٢
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬ ٌْ‫رل‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬

109. -21:-
122
‫٣ظلون‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ه٠٤ش‬ٖٓ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١‫ٝ٣٘خى‬،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝ٣ظؤًي‬ٍٖٓٞ٠‫ك‬
٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬.ٕ‫ٝحُظَؿٔخ‬
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رخٗٔلخد‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬.‫ٝحُوزَحء‬
‫٣َ٘ع‬‫آٌٗحى‬٢‫ك‬.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫ىٍحٓش‬
.‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫ىٍحٓش‬ َٔ٘‫ط‬
123
َٔ٘٣‫رلغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫كخَٟح‬‫ٝحالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝحُوزَحء‬
ْ٣‫ٝطوي‬‫أىٝحص‬‫حالهظ٘خع‬.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ه٠٤ش‬‫ٓل٠َح‬ٚ‫٣ِو‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ْٛ‫أ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ؿخء‬٢‫ك‬‫أؿٞرش‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬
‫ٝطَٜ٣لخص‬،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ًٌَ٣ٝٚ٤‫ك‬ٍ‫رخهظٜخ‬َ‫حُٔٔخث‬‫حُؼخٍٟش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هي‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٗ٘ؤص‬‫أػ٘خء‬
،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َ٤٘٣ٝٚ٤‫ك‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔطخُذ‬ْٔ‫حُِٔظ‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔؼخٍس‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ َ‫ٝٝٓخث‬ ‫ٝحَُٔحكؼخص‬ ‫طٔـ٤ِٜخ‬
‫ٝٓخ‬ ْٜ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ َ‫هز‬‫آُض‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫طِي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠٣ٝ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬
‫ح‬.‫ُٜ٤جش‬‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬ًَْٖٓ٤‫حَُث‬‫ًٝخطذ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِزٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.ُٚ‫اؿلخ‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫ٝط‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ؿِء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫رظالٝس‬
َٝ‫٣لظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬َ٤ُٔ‫حُـِٔخص‬‫هي‬‫حٓظٌِٔض‬‫ٝال‬٢‫طٔو‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُوَ٣٘ش‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ٍٝى‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫طٔـ‬‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ًُي‬‫٣ٔظ٘ظؾ‬
ٚ٘ٓ‫َٛحكش‬ّ‫ػي‬ٍ‫حٓظٌٔخ‬‫طِي‬.‫حإلؿَحءحص‬
124
،‫حُزلغ‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ١َ‫طـ‬‫ٓخ‬ٍَُْ‫٣ظو‬‫هالف‬‫ًُي‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫هخ‬
َٓ‫رؤ‬ْٖٓ٤‫حَُث‬‫كٔذ‬‫حُظَط٤ذ‬;٢‫ح٥ط‬
-ّ‫٣وي‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ٝؿي‬ٚ‫١ِز‬ٞ٣ٞ‫رخُظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُ٠ٍَ؛‬
-ّ‫طوي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ِٓظٔٔخطٜخ؛‬
-َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ىكخػ‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حالهظ٠خء؛‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
-ٌٕٞ٣ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ‫آه‬ٖٓ.ٌِْ‫٣ظ‬
ِٖ‫٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫ًُي‬ ‫رؼي‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حٗظٜخء‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
125
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬‫اٜٗخء‬‫رلغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿِٔش‬،‫ٝحكيس‬‫هٍَص‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓٞحِٛظٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬ٙ‫طليى‬.‫كٍٞح‬

110. -221-
‫اًح‬‫ىػض‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫طؤؿ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬َ٤‫ؿ‬،‫ٓليى‬‫ٝؿذ‬‫حٓظيػخء‬‫حأل١َحف‬
ٖٓ ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬.‫ؿي٣ي‬
126
ِْٔ٣‫حالٓظيػخء‬ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٍٝ‫ُِٝٔٔئ‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬48ٝ49ٝ4:ٖٕٓٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬،‫حالٓظيػخء‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬‫ٝحُٔخػش‬َ‫ٝٓل‬‫حٗؼوخى‬‫حُـِٔش‬
‫ٝٗٞع‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬َ‫ٝٓل‬‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬‫حُٔطزوش‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔٞحى‬.‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬
127
‫حالٓظيػخء‬ ٍ‫ُإلرطخ‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ٝح‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬ ‫طزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬ ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬
.َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ‫رخُـِٔش‬ ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬ ‫حُٔليى‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٖ٣َ‫ح٥ه‬ٕٞٔ٤‫٣و‬‫هخٍؽ‬،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣و‬
َ‫حألؿ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬;ٖ‫ػ‬
-ٖ٣َٜٕٗ‫ا‬‫ًخٗٞح‬٢‫حُؼَر‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ٍٝ‫ى‬ ٢‫رزخه‬ ٌٕٞ٘ٔ٣ٝ‫أ‬‫ريُٝش‬ٍٖٓٝ‫ى‬‫أٍٝرخ؛‬
-‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ًخٗٞح‬ٌٕٞ٘ٔ٣‫ريُٝش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍٝ‫حُي‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُٔخروش‬.
122
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ًٍَ‫حٓظيال‬ٕ‫رزطال‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬َ‫هز‬‫اػخٍس‬١‫أ‬‫ىكغ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ىكخع‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َٛٞ‫ؿ‬
.ٚٔ٣‫طوي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٢‫ٓو‬ ‫ٝاال‬
‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ٠‫ك‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫رطال‬ ‫اػخٍس‬ ِٚ‫ك‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أهطخء‬ ٖٓ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬ ‫ٗخد‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫اٛالف‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ ،‫حالٓظيػخء‬
‫حُزيء‬ َ‫هز‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ‫ُظٜ٤ت‬ ً‫ال‬‫أؿ‬ ٚ‫ٓ٘ل‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫حٓظ٤لخء‬
.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خه٘ش‬ ٢‫ك‬
122
‫حُٔل‬ ْٜ‫طؼل‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٕٜٞٔ‫حُٔظ‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٔش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬425.ٙ‫رؼي‬
120
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـِٔش‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬‫حُلخالص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬422‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُلوَس‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬425.ٙ‫رؼي‬

111. -222-
‫اًح‬‫طوِق‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬،ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫١زوض‬ٚٗ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫حُٔخىس‬425‫ٝحُٔخىس‬4:2‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬‫ا‬٠ُ
‫ؿخ٣ش‬‫حُٔخىس‬4:6ٙ‫رؼي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬.‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ٍ‫اك٠خ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬‫ُِـِٔش‬ٕٝ‫ري‬‫ٓخرن‬‫حٓظيػخء‬ٍ‫ٝاٛيح‬
ٌْ‫ك‬١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬٢‫ك‬.ٚ‫كو‬
‫ٝٝؿيص‬ ،‫حُـِٔش‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٍ‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫ٛل٤ش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫طٌِق‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ٤‫طؤؿ‬ ‫ٓؼٜخ‬
‫٣ٞؿي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫الٓظ٘طخم‬ ،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫رٔٔخػيس‬ ‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬ ‫أكي‬ َِ‫ٝٓؼ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬
.‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ٝحُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫٣وظَكٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٓجِش‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طليى‬
‫ػ٘ي‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ َ٠‫رٔل‬ ‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬.‫حالهظ٠خء‬
‫ٛ٤جش‬ ‫كيىطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألٓجِش‬ ‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬ ‫٣َحٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٓجِش‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫٣طَف‬
.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ىكخع‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ّ‫٣ظوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحألٓجِش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫رٜخ‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫طٔظؤٗق‬
٠‫رٔل‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣٘خ‬ .ٚ‫رخٓظ٘طخه‬ ّ‫هخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬.‫حالٓظ٘طخم‬ َ
.١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ،‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫ُِـِٔش‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
ٙ‫ٓلظٞح‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٝ ،ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫رخُـِٔش‬ ِٙٞ‫ٝ٣ظ‬ ‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬
.‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خه٘ش‬ َ‫ٓل‬
121
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬ ً‫ح‬َٟ‫كخ‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حُٔ٘خىحس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫كال‬ٌ٘ٔ٣ٚ‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬
َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫ؿخثزخ‬ُٞٝ٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٚ‫حٗٔلخر‬ٖٓ‫حُـِٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫حٓظ٘خػ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُيكخع‬ٖ‫ػ‬.ٚٔ‫ٗل‬
122
‫اًح‬َُْ٠‫٣ل‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٠‫حُٔٔظيػ‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬٢‫ك‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬‫ٝحُٔخػش‬ٖ٣‫حُٔليى‬٢‫ك‬،‫حالٓظيػخء‬
ًْٞ‫ك‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
-‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬َٟ‫طـ‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٢‫ك‬،ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬‫ٝحٍطؤص‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬،‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬‫كبٜٗخ‬٢٘‫طٔظـ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ٌٕٞ٣ٝ‫كٌٜٔخ‬‫رٔؼخرش‬
‫ك٠ٍٞ١؛‬
-‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬ٖٓ١‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٍٙ‫حػظزخ‬‫ؿخثزخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ً‫ح‬َٟ‫كخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـِٔش؛‬
-‫اًح‬ِْٔ‫ط‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬‫رٜلش‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫ٝطـ٤ذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬َٖٓ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬
ٍَ‫٣ز‬ٚ‫طوِل‬ٌٍ‫رؼ‬،‫َٓ٘ٝع‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٌٕٞ٣ٌْٝ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رٔؼخرش‬‫ك٠ٍٞ١؛‬

112. -223-
-‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬١‫طٜٔ٤ي‬١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬٠٠‫ه‬ٞ‫رَك‬ٚ‫ٓطخُز‬٢‫ك‬‫ِٗحع‬
ٍٝ‫ػخ‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬‫ٓظـ٤زخ‬َ‫هز‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫كب‬ٌْ‫حُل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢‫ك‬
َٛٞ‫ؿ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫؛‬ً‫خ‬٣ٍٞ٠‫ك‬
-١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫رؼيس‬ْٜ‫ط‬‫اًح‬َ‫هز‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘ش‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬
‫طٜٔش‬‫ٝحكيس‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػيس‬،ْٜ‫ط‬‫َٝٛف‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬‫رٔؼخرش‬‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣ظؼِن‬ْٜ‫رخُظ‬،َٟ‫حأله‬
‫حُظخٍ٣ن؛‬ ‫ٓليىس‬ ‫ُـِٔش‬ ٌْ‫رخُل‬ ‫حُ٘طن‬ ‫هٜي‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫رظؤؿ‬ ِْ‫أػ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ًٌُٝي‬
-‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔخىس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
123
ٌٖٔ٣ٌَُ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬ّ‫رٔلخ‬٢‫ك‬َ‫َٓحك‬ َ‫ٓخث‬.‫حُٔٔطَس‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬532‫حُِٔق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحال١الع‬ ٢ٓ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬
.‫حُِٔق‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫ٝحُل‬
124
ٍُ‫ٓئح‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬.‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُِحٓ٤ش‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫س‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫اُِحٓ٤ش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬٢‫ك‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ‫حُلخالص‬
1-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫كيػخ‬َ‫٣و‬َٙٔ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬‫ػخٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٠ٔ‫أػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أرٌٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخرخ‬
‫رؤ٣ش‬‫ػخٛش‬َٟ‫أه‬ٖٓ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٍ‫حإلهال‬ٚ‫رلو‬٢‫ك‬‫حُيكخع‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٗلٔٚ؛‬
3-٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫ُِل‬ ً‫خ‬َٟ‫ٓؼ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.‫رخإلرؼخى‬
4-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬423.ٙ‫أػال‬
125
‫اًح‬ُْْ‫٣ظ‬ٍ‫حهظ٤خ‬١‫أ‬ّ‫ٓلخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،ٚ٘٤٤‫طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫طوِق‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُٔوظخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬
ٍٞ٠‫ك‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٝ‫أ‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ٚ‫رٜٔٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٟٝغ‬ً‫ح‬‫كي‬،‫ُٜخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـِٔش‬ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٍٞ‫حُل‬‫ٓلخٓ٤خ‬َ‫آه‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٚ‫ٓئحٍُط‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬.‫اُِحٓ٤ش‬
126
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬ٌِْ‫٣ظ‬‫ُـش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٜـش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٔخٗخ‬‫٣ٜؼذ‬ٜٚٔ‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫حهظ٠ض‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬‫طَؿٔش‬‫ٓٔظ٘ي‬٢ُ‫أى‬ٚ‫ر‬،‫ُِٔ٘خه٘ش‬ٖ٤‫ػ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
‫طِوخث٤خ‬،ً‫خ‬ٗ‫طَؿٔخ‬‫ٝاال‬‫طَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حإلهال‬‫رٌُي‬،ٕ‫حُزطال‬‫ٝططزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬
‫حُٔخىس‬231.

113. -224-
ٌٖٔ٣ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬
ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬ ‫٣ـَكٞح‬‫ٝهض‬ٚ٘٤٤‫طؼ‬‫ٓغ‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬‫ٓٞؿذ‬،ٚ‫طـَ٣ل‬‫ٝطزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُطِذ‬ٍَ‫رٔو‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬َ‫هخر‬١‫أل‬ٖ‫١ؼ‬.
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫أٛٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫أرٌٔخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬َ٤ٓ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫ٗل‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٖٓ‫طظزؼٜخ‬
‫رٍٜٞس‬،‫ٓـي٣ش‬٠‫ٝطَحػ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫حُٔخىس‬232.ٙ‫أػال‬
127
‫٣ٔظـٞد‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬َٙ‫ٝ٣وز‬‫رخُظٜٔش‬‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬.ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬
102
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رخُٔ٘خىحس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ْٛٞ‫ٝ٣يػ‬‫ُٔـخىٍس‬،‫حُوخػش‬ْ‫ػ‬‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬
102
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رظالٝس‬َٟ‫ٓلخ‬‫حُٔؼخ٣٘ش‬َٟ‫ٝٓلخ‬ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬َ٣ٍ‫ٝطوخ‬
‫ًٌٝح‬ ،‫حُوزَحء‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫ػخثن‬ُِٞ‫ح‬‫حُٔل٤يس‬ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬.‫حُلو٤وش‬
ْ٤‫َُِث‬ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رظالٝس‬‫حالٓظ٘طخهخص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أؿَ٣ض‬‫أػ٘خء‬
،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ُٞٝ‫طؼِن‬ْ‫رـَحث‬ َٓ‫حأل‬‫َٓطزطش‬‫رخُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬.‫حُٔلخًٔش‬
‫اًح‬‫كيع‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬‫رظض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
100
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُٝأل١َحف‬ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ٤ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِوٞح‬‫أٓجِش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٞحٓطش‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
ٝ‫أ‬ًٕ‫رب‬،ٚ٘ٓ‫ًٌٝح‬ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِو٠خس‬‫ٛ٤جخص‬‫حُو٠خء‬.٢‫حُـٔخػ‬
‫اًح‬‫حٓظ٘غ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٖٓ‫اُوخء‬ٍ‫ٓئح‬‫ٝ١َأ‬ٚٗ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ِٗحع‬،ٍٝ‫ػخ‬‫رظض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
101
‫٣ـذ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬،١ٞ‫حُٔو‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬َ‫هز‬ًَ‫ىكخع‬٢‫ك‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َٛٞ‫ؿ‬‫ٝىكؼش‬،‫ٝحكيس‬
‫١ِزخص‬‫حإلكخُش‬‫رٔزذ‬ّ‫ػي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬-ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ٌٖ‫ط‬‫رٔزذ‬‫ٗٞع‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬-‫ٝأٗٞحع‬‫حُيكغ‬
‫حُٔظَطزش‬‫آخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُٔـَحس‬،‫ٓخروخ‬‫ًٌٝح‬َ‫حُٔٔخث‬ٖ٤‫حُٔظؼ‬
.ً‫خ‬٤ُٝ‫أ‬ ‫كِٜٜخ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُطِزخص‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ َ٤‫طؤؿ‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ُٜٝخ‬ ،ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬
ٛٞ‫حُـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬.َ
َٛ‫طٞح‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٠‫ٝ٣زو‬‫كن‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫ٓللٞظخ‬َٔ‫ُ٤ٔظؼ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬‫ٓغ‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬

114. -225-
102
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ َ٤‫أػ‬ ‫اًح‬338،ٙ‫أػال‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬
‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫رؼي‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬،‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫كٌٔخ‬ٍ‫ربرطخ‬
‫حُٞػخثن‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طؼظزَٛخ‬‫ٓ٘ٞرش‬.ٕ‫رخُزطال‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬‫١ِزخص‬ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬‫حُٔؼخٍس‬ٖٓ‫حأل١َحف‬‫ىكؼش‬‫ٝحكيس‬َ‫هز‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬
‫ٟٓٞٞع‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬١ٞ‫ٓو‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬.‫طوي٣ٜٔخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظ٘خُُٞح‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫رخُيكغ‬ ‫حُظٔٔي‬ٕ‫رخُزطال‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ٣‫اال‬ ‫ٓوٍَح‬ْٜ‫ُِٜٔلظ‬
،٢‫كو‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٌٛح‬ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬،‫َٛ٣لخ‬‫ٝال‬َ‫٣وز‬ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬‫اال‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؼي‬
ٚ‫حٓظيػخث‬‫رٜلش‬.‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
‫اًح‬‫حهظَٜص‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬ٞ‫رؼ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬،٢‫كو‬‫ك٤ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طَٜف‬‫رٔلزٜخ‬ٖٓ
،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َٓ‫ٝطؤ‬‫رللظٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًظخرش‬‫ٝططزن‬ .٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌ‫ػ٘يث‬324.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬ٟ‫أى‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حإلؿَحء‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫رطال‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُالكوش‬‫ًال‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫رؼ٠خ‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬َٓ‫طؤ‬
‫ربؿَحء‬‫طلو٤ن‬٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٕ‫رخإلٌٓخ‬‫طيحٍى‬.ٕ‫حُزطال‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬،ٌْ‫حُؼ‬َ٤‫طل‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝطزض‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حالهظ‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،‫ًُي‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫٠خء‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬
103
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ً‫ح‬‫ٗخٛي‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬١‫ٝ٣ئى‬،ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
ْ‫ػ‬١‫٣ئى‬.ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬
‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ‫رَٓخُش‬ ‫آخ‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬،ّ‫رخالٓظال‬
ٝ‫آخ‬‫رخٓظيػخء‬ٚ‫٣زِـ‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬،٢‫ه٠خث‬‫ٝآخ‬‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫رخُطَ٣وش‬.
ٚ٘٣٢‫ك‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ًٔخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٜٗخىس‬
.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬
104
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫حٓظيػخء‬‫أػ٠خء‬‫حُلٌٞٓش‬‫ًٝظخد‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫ٝٗٞحد‬‫ًظخد‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٜٗٞى‬‫اال‬
ًٕ‫رب‬ِْٖٓ‫حُٔـ‬١ٍ‫حُُٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫اػ‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ٚٓ‫٣وي‬َ٣ُٝ.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
‫اًح‬‫ٓ٘ق‬‫ٌٛح‬،ًٕ‫حإل‬٠‫كظظِو‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫ٝكوخ‬‫ُإلؿَحءحص‬.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬
‫اًح‬ُْ‫٣طِذ‬،ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ًُْٕ‫٣ئ‬،ٚ٤‫ك‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫٣ظِوخٛخ‬‫ًظخرش‬ٍِ٘ٔ‫ر‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٝ‫هخ‬‫اًح‬ ٚ‫٣٘ظير‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫ٓو٤ٔخ‬‫هخٍؽ‬.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ًٞ‫ٗل‬ ‫ىحثَس‬
.٢‫ُِ٠ز‬ ‫رٌخطذ‬ ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ٔظؼ‬

115. -226-
ٌُٜٙٝ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حُٔ٘ظ‬‫يد‬
ٚ‫ِٓو‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫ٝحُطِزخص‬‫ٝحألٓجِش‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫أىحء‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬.‫ك٤ٜخ‬
ِْٔ‫ط‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫كٍٞح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫ٟز‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬ْ‫ط‬٢‫طِو‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫ريحثَس‬،‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ََٓ‫ط‬‫ٓـِوش‬‫ٝٓوظٞٓخ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫ٟز‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫١ِزض‬‫أىحء‬،‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫ٝطزِؾ‬‫كٍٞح‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُأل١َحف‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ْٜٜٔ٣.َٓ‫حأل‬
٠ِ‫طظ‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬‫رخُـِٔش‬‫حُؼِ٘٤ش‬َٝ‫ٝطؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘ش‬‫ٝاال‬‫طَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬.ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫ًُي‬
105
‫ططِذ‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ئى٣ٜخ‬‫ًظخرش‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫ىُٝش‬‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٖٓ‫رٞحٓطش‬‫حُُٞحٍس‬
‫حٌُِٔلش‬ٕٝ‫رخُ٘ئ‬.‫حُوخٍؿ٤ش‬
‫اًح‬َ‫هز‬،‫حُطِذ‬٠‫٣ظِو‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٚ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
ٌُٜٙ.‫حُـخ٣ش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ْ‫طظ‬437.ٙ‫أػال‬
106
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫رخالٗٔلخد‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُوخػش‬‫حُٔؼيس‬،ُْٜ‫ٝال‬‫٣ـخىٍٜٝٗخ‬‫اال‬‫ألىحء‬
.ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬
ٌ‫٣ظو‬،ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫ُٔ٘غ‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖٓ‫حُظليع‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
‫ٓٞحء‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ْٜ٘٤‫ر‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ْٜ٘٤‫ر‬ٖ٤‫ٝر‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
107
‫رؼي‬‫حٗٔلخد‬،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬‫كٔذ‬‫حُظَط٤ذ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٙ‫٣َح‬‫ٓالثٔخ‬
ٕٝ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٌ٘ق‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ٣‫ٍأ‬.ٙ‫حُوخ‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِو٠خس‬ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫ٝال‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝال‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ٝال‬٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِوٞح‬‫أٓجِش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٚ‫حٓظ٘طخه‬ْٖٓ٤‫حَُث‬٠‫ٝطِو‬‫حألٓجِش‬ٚ‫رٞحٓطظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬‫رؼي‬
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.ًٚٗ‫ا‬
112
‫٣ٔظٔغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٟ‫كَحى‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.
َٔ‫٣ٔظل‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ًَ‫ٗخٛي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚٔٓ‫ح‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬ٚٔٓ‫ٝح‬٢ٜ‫حُ٘و‬ٚ٘ٓٝٚ‫ٝكخُظ‬ٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬
َ‫ٝٓل‬،ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫هز٤ِظ‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬ٚ‫كوٌط‬‫ٝٓخ‬ ،‫حألِٛ٤ش‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٚ‫طَرط‬ْٜ‫رخُٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬‫هَحرش‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخَٛس‬‫ٝىٍؿظٜٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػالهش‬ٝ‫أ‬ َٔ‫ػ‬‫ًخٗض‬ٚ‫طَرط‬‫رٜٔخ‬‫أ٣ش‬
.‫هٜٞٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػيحٝس‬ ‫ر٤ٜ٘ٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػالهش‬
ُٚ‫ٝ٣ٔؤ‬‫ًٌُي‬‫ػٔخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓلَٝٓخ‬ٖٓ‫أِٛ٤ش‬‫أىحء‬.‫حُٜ٘خىس‬

116. -227-
112
١‫٣ئى‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬َ‫هز‬‫حإلىالء‬ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬234،ٙ‫أػال‬
ٕ‫رطال‬ ‫رٌُي‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ظَطذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬.
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬٠ِ‫طظ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ‫هز‬ٚ‫أىحث‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫حُوخٟ٤ش‬‫رخُٔؼخهزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٜٗخىس‬
.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬
110
ٖ‫ػ‬ ْٜ٘ٓ َ‫٣و‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ٔظٔغ‬29ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬‫أىحء‬،ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬‫ًٌُٝي‬ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬
ٚ‫٣و‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ٖ٤َٓٝ‫ٝحُٔل‬ٖٓ‫حإلىالء‬‫رخُٜ٘خىس‬ّ‫أٓخ‬.‫حُؼيحُش‬
٠‫٣ؼل‬ٖٖٓ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ٍٞٛ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ٝكَٝػ‬،ٚ‫ُٝٝؿ‬َ‫ٝطؼظز‬ْٜ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬‫ٓـَى‬.‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬
ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫أىحء‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ٖٓ‫ال‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ٠‫ٓؼل‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬‫أِٛ٤ش‬،ُٚٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ َّٝ‫ٓل‬،‫حُٜ٘خىس‬ ‫أىحء‬
‫ال‬‫٣ؼي‬‫ٓززخ‬،ٕ‫ُِزطال‬‫ٓخ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬.‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫حػظ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
111
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫ال‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٔظٔغ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ػيس‬‫َٓحص‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫طـي٣ي‬
،ٚ٘٤ٔ٣َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ًٌَٙ٣‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫رخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٓزن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬.‫أىحٛخ‬
112
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ٓٔخع‬‫ٜٗخىس‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ‫ك‬‫ٓخ‬ِٚٔ‫ػ‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬.‫حُٜلش‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔو٤ي‬َُٔ‫رخ‬،٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ٝكن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬٢‫ٝك‬‫ٗطخم‬‫حُليٝى‬
‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
113
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ٌِْ‫٣ظ‬‫ُـش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٜـش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُٔخٗخ‬‫٣ٜؼذ‬،ٜٚٔ‫ك‬‫١زوض‬٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬
‫حُٔخىس‬120ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫أٛٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫أرٌٔخ‬‫ططزن‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬232ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
114
١‫٣ئى‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬‫كٔذ‬‫حُظَط٤ذ‬‫حُٔؼي‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫١ِذ‬.ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬
‫٣ٔظٔغ‬‫أٝال‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫حُٔطِٞرش‬ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬٢‫١خُز‬.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍَ‫٣و‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
115
١‫٣ئى‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬،ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗل‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ‫رٜلش‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫رًٌَٔحص‬ًٕ‫رب‬ٖٓ
ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬.

117. -228-
‫رؼي‬‫أىحء‬ًَ،‫ٜٗخىس‬ٍ‫٣ٔؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ػٔخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚ٣‫ُي‬‫ٓخ‬ُٚٞ‫٣و‬‫ٍىح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ٝهغ‬
‫حإلىالء‬‫ٝ٣طَف‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫حألٓجِش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َحٛخ‬،‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫حألٓجِش‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫طوظَف‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٖٝٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ْ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫رطَكٜخ‬ ُْٜ ًٕ‫٣ئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
.‫ٓزخَٗس‬
116
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٚ٘٣٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬
٢‫حُظ‬ٕ‫رطال‬ ‫رٌُي‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ظَطذ‬ .‫أى٣ض‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬.
ِ٣ٚ‫و‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬ْٛ‫أ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ؿخء‬٢‫ك‬.ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬
117
ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٠٘‫٣ٔظـ‬ ‫ال‬ ٚ‫طَٜ٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫ٝظ‬ ‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ٢‫حٓظيػ‬ ‫ٗخٛي‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫ًٔخ‬ ،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫ُ٤ٔظٔغ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ٍ‫رخٓظؼٔخ‬ ‫كخال‬.‫ٓوزِش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ‫طئؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬
‫حُـي٣يس‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ َٔ‫٣ظل‬ ‫حُٔظوِق‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬
ٍَ‫٣ز‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫ُِل‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣لظخؽ‬ ‫ٓٔخ‬ ‫ًُي‬ َ٤‫ٝؿ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ َ‫ٝط٘و‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔظَطزش‬
٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حألىحء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝ٣ـز‬ ،ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬ ٌٍ‫رؼ‬ ٚ‫طوِل‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫طؤؿ‬ ٙ‫رٔوظ٠خ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٌْ‫ٝطل‬239١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ ُْ ُٞٝ ،ٚ‫رظَٜ٣ل‬ ‫حإلىالء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ ‫أىحء‬ ‫آخ‬ ٞ‫٣َك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫٣ظوِق‬
.‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫طؤؿ‬
‫ُِ٘خٛي‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ّ‫ػي‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
.َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٝطزض‬ ،ٚ٘١ٞٓ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ُٚ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬
122
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬،‫حأل١َحف‬‫ًخطذ‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫رٟٞغ‬َ٠‫ٓل‬َ‫٣ٔـ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٓخ‬‫هي‬‫٣َى‬ٖٓ‫ُ٣خىس‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٣‫طزي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حهظالف‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حُٔوخٍٗش‬ٖ٤‫ر‬‫ٜٗخىس‬
‫حُ٘خٛي‬ٚ‫ٝطَٜ٣لخط‬.‫حُٔخروش‬
‫٣٠خف‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٠‫ٓل‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
122
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ٗخٛي‬ٕ‫أ‬٠‫٣زو‬٢‫ك‬‫حُوخػش‬‫رؼي‬‫أىحء‬ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬٢ٜ‫ط٘ظ‬ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
ٍَ‫٣و‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬

118. -229-
120
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫حأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رخٗٔلخد‬
‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬،ْٜ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫٣َؿغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُوخػش‬ْٛ‫أكي‬ٝ‫أ‬،ْٜ٘ٓ ٞ‫حُزؼ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫٣ٔظٔغ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ٖٓ
‫ؿي٣ي‬‫آخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫كيس‬ٝ‫أ‬،ٖ٣َ‫ح٥ه‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ُٕٚٝ‫أ‬١َ‫٣ـ‬‫ٓٞحؿٜش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ْٜ٘٤‫ر‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢٘‫٣ٔظـ‬ٖ‫ػ‬
.‫ًُي‬
121
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬َ‫هز‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػوذ‬،‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫ربهَحؽ‬‫أكي‬
ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٞ‫حُزؼ‬ْٜ٘ٓ‫ُ٤ٔظٔغ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رؼي‬٢ُ‫حُظٞح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ٟ‫اكي‬‫هٜٞٛ٤خص‬
،‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ٝال‬َٛ‫٣ٞح‬‫رلغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬ًَْٜ‫ٓظ‬‫رٔخ‬‫ٍحؽ‬٢‫ك‬.ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬
122
ّٞ‫٣و‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍ‫هال‬‫أىحء‬‫حُٜ٘خىحص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػوزٜخ‬َٝ‫رؼ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫أىٝحص‬‫حالهظ٘خع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ُٚ‫ٝ٣ٔؤ‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ٚ‫طؼَك‬،‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٝ٣ؼَٟٜخ‬‫ًٌُي‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬.‫حُوزَحء‬
123
١‫٣ئى‬‫حُوزَحء‬ٖ٤‫حُٔلِل‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ّ‫أٓخ‬;‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
»ْٔ‫أه‬‫رخهلل‬ْ٤‫حُؼظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫أهي‬٢‫ٓٔخػيط‬‫ُِؼيحُش‬‫ٝكن‬‫ٓخ‬ٚ٤٠‫٣وظ‬‫حَُ٘ف‬َ٤ٔ٠ُ‫ٝح‬«.
‫٣ٔظٔغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُوزَحء‬‫رخُـِٔش‬َٕٟٞ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬‫ٗظخثؾ‬‫حُؼِٔ٤خص‬‫حُظو٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هخٓٞح‬،‫رٜخ‬ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣ٝ
‫أػ٘خء‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِؼٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َْٛ٣َ‫طو‬ٝ٠ِ‫ػ‬.ٚ‫ِٓلوخط‬
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬‫آخ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬،ْٜ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣طَف‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُوزَحء‬ًَ‫حألٓجِش‬٢‫حُظ‬َ‫طيه‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗطخم‬‫حُٜٔٔش‬‫حُٔؼٜٞى‬‫رٜخ‬ُْٜ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬
.‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫رطَكٜخ‬
َ٠‫٣ل‬‫حُوزَحء‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫رؼي‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ٓخ‬ُْْٜ‫٣ؼل‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٖٓ،‫ًُي‬‫ٝٓخ‬ُْ
َٝ‫طؼظ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حأل١َحف‬
124
‫اًح‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫حٓظٔغ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿِٔش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗخٛيح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫ٓز‬ّ‫حالٓظج٘خ‬
‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫ٍٝى‬‫رٔٔظ٘ظـخص‬‫أكي‬‫حُوزَحء‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬‫رز٤خٗخص‬‫طو٘٤ش‬،‫ؿي٣يس‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫٣طِذ‬َٖٓ٤‫حُوز‬
ٖٓٝ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝحأل١َحف‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ويٓٞح‬.ْٜ‫ٓالكظخط‬
‫طَٜف‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٍ‫روَح‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬‫آخ‬‫رَٜف‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔ٘خُػش‬‫ٝٓٞحِٛش‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
‫ٝآخ‬َ٤‫رظؤؿ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬،‫الكن‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬،‫حأله٤َس‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ًَ ٍَ‫طو‬
َ٤‫طير‬ٙ‫طَح‬‫ٓل٤يح‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬‫إلؿَحء‬.‫حُوزَس‬

119. -22:-
125
‫ٝٓزخُؾ‬ ْٜ٘ٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔٔظٔغ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حٓظيػخء‬ ‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬ ٕٜٞٔ‫حُٔظ‬ َٔ‫٣ظل‬
.‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫ُٜئالء‬ ‫حُٔئىحس‬ ‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬
‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫رطِذ‬ ٢‫طٔظيػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬،ُٞ‫حُٔؼ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ْٜ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬
.‫حُلو٤وش‬ ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬ ‫ٓل٤ي‬ ْٜ‫طَٜ٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حٍطؤص‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
1252
48
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رٜ٘خىط‬ ‫ُإلىالء‬ ‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫ىالث‬ ‫طئًيٛخ‬ ‫ؿي٣ش‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ‫ٛ٘خى‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬
.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚ‫ٓٞحؿٜظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٜٓخُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـٔي٣ش‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ك٤خط‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٖٓ
‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ُ‫ؿخ‬ ،‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ْٜ‫ٜٓخُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫ُِوط‬ ‫حُـٔي٣ش‬ ْٜ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهخٍر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أَٓط‬ ‫أكَحى‬ ‫ك٤خس‬
ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ ٌَ٘‫ر‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ‫اهلخء‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ‫ٜٗخىط‬ ٢‫رظِو‬ ًٕ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
‫حإل‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ .ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ٖٓ ‫حُٜٞص‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٔ‫طٔظؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظو٘٤ش‬ َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ٍ‫رخٓظؼٔخ‬ ًٕ
‫رؼي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫طو٘٤ش‬ ‫١َ٣ن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫ٛٞط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظؼَف‬ ّ‫ػي‬ َ‫أؿ‬.
1250
،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٌٍَُٔ‫ح‬ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ططزن‬
‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬ ‫رلٔخ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬.ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔزِـ‬ ‫ٝحُوزَحء‬
126
ٌَُٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫٣يػ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٍَ٠‫ط‬ٖٓ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣ظوي‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫١َكخ‬‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣‫هي‬‫ٓزن‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬ ً‫خ‬‫١َك‬ ‫حٗظٜذ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝكن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬:3‫ٝٓخ‬‫رؼيٛخ‬‫ُـخ٣ش‬‫حُٔخىس‬:7.ٙ‫أػال‬
127
‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫رطِز‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٓزن‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ‫٣ٞىع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫ُٜلش‬ ١َ‫ٝ٣٘ظ‬
‫أػ٘خءٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ َ‫هز‬ ً‫خ‬َُُِٓٝٛٞ ‫رٍٜٞس‬ ‫َٓكوش‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ١‫٣ي‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬
.‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫ٝٓزِؾ‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٓطخُز‬ ‫٣ليى‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ،٢‫حُـِحك‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َُْٓ‫ح‬ ‫أىحء‬
48-ْ٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ْ‫ط‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ٖٓ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫رخُٔخىط‬458-2ٝ458-3٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬‫ؼخٗ٤ش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ48.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

120. -231-
132
ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬ ً‫خ‬‫١َك‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ّ‫٣ظوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ َ‫٣ظيه‬ ُْ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُٔخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٌَُ٘‫ح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫آخ‬ ،ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬٢ٜ‫ٗل‬ ‫رظَٜ٣ق‬ ‫ٝآخ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫ىس‬
.٢‫حُـِحك‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َُْٓ‫ح‬ ‫ألىحء‬ ٌٍ٘٣ٝ .‫رخُـِٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ِٚ‫٣ٔـ‬
ٙ‫ىػٞح‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ‫اًح‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫١َ٣ن‬‫ا٣يحع‬،‫ًٌَٓس‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حًٌَُٔس‬
‫حُز٤خٗخص‬‫حٌُل٤ِش‬‫ُِظؼَ٣ق‬،ٚ‫ر‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حُٔظَطذ‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬‫ٝٓزِؾ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬
،‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫ٝحأل‬‫ٓزخد‬‫حُٔزٍَس‬،‫ُِطِذ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬١ٞ‫طلظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ٖ١ٍٞٓ‫ٓوظخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
.‫ٗلًٞٛخ‬ ‫ريحثَس‬ ‫ٓو٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُطخُذ‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َ‫ٓو‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ٖ١ُٞٔ‫ح‬،ٍ‫حُٔوظخ‬‫ال‬‫ُِطَف‬ ٌٖٔ٣٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣لظؾ‬ّ‫رؼي‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬
‫حإلؿَحءحص‬٢‫حُظ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫طزِ٤ـٜخ‬ُٚ‫ٝكن‬ٜٙٞٗ.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
132
‫اًح‬‫أه٤ٔض‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬ٝ‫هخ‬‫ٓٞظق‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬‫طخرغ‬‫ُِِٔطش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوٞس‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٖ٤‫ٝطز‬ٍ‫حكظٔخ‬ّ‫ه٤خ‬‫ٓٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫حُيُٝش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬،‫طخرؼٜخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٌَُِ٘ ‫ٝكوخ‬ ‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬48ٝ49ٝ4:ٖٓ
ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬
130
ْٜ‫كوٞه‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫أِٛ٤ش‬ ُْٜ ‫ُ٤ٔض‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ال‬،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣و٤ٔٞح‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫اال‬ًٕ‫رب‬ِْٖٜٓ‫ٓٔؼ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬.ٚ‫رٔٔخػيط‬
131
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٢‫٣يػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬َ٤‫ؿ‬َٛ‫ٓئ‬ْ٣‫ُظوي‬‫حُطِذ‬ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬َٝٓ ‫رٔزذ‬
٢ِ‫ػو‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔزذ‬،ٍٜٙٞ‫ه‬ٌُْٖٝ٣َُٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬،٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬‫كِِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ُٚ‫ٌُٜح‬َٝ‫حُـ‬‫ًٝ٤ال‬
‫هٜٞٛ٤خ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ َٛ‫هخ‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حٍطٌزٜخ‬ ٍ‫أكؼخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔلخُش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ْ٤‫َُث‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.ٚ‫ُلخثيط‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ ْ٣‫رظوي‬ ّٞ‫ُ٤و‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜٛٞ‫ه‬ ً‫ال‬٤ًٝ ُٚ
132
ٌٖٔ٣‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬َ‫َٓحك‬ َ‫ٓخث‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ّ‫حهظظخ‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫حٓظٔغ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫رخُـِٔش‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫ٗخٛيح‬‫رؼي‬ٚ‫أىحث‬‫ال‬ ،ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣‫رؼي‬
‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣ظوي‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫١َكخ‬.‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬
133
‫اًح‬ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬َ‫هز‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬‫كال‬ِِّ٣َ‫رخُٜٞحث‬‫حُٔئىحس‬‫رؼي‬.ُُٚ‫ط٘خ‬

121. -232-
134
‫ال‬ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫١ِز‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
135
‫اًح‬َ‫ػز‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ػيس‬ٙ‫أٗوخ‬ٖٖٓ٣َٟ‫حُلخ‬‫ػالٗ٤ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،َْٛ‫ٓ٘خػ‬‫أكيػٞح‬
‫حٟطَحر‬‫خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كَٟٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٠ٟٞخء‬‫رٞٓ٤ِش‬‫ٓخ‬‫روخػش‬‫حُـِٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫رؤ‬َ‫ٓل‬َ‫آه‬َٗ‫٣زخ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬
‫ػِ٘٤خ‬‫طلو٤ن‬،٢‫ه٠خث‬َٓ‫أ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬،ْٛ‫رطَى‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ًُٝي‬‫روطغ‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔظخرؼخص‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫ال‬ٔ‫ػ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ َٕٟٞ‫٣ظؼ‬46:٠ُ‫ا‬472.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
.ْ٤‫حَُث‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ‫حُلخىع‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٘٣ٝ
136
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٞٛٚٔ‫ٗل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫أكيع‬،‫حالٟطَحد‬َٓ‫أ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٙ‫رطَى‬ٖٓ
‫ٝطظخرغ‬ ،‫حُـِٔش‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٢‫ك‬.ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬
‫كبًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓؼظوال‬َ‫ٗو‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬
ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣٘ظو‬‫ػوذ‬‫حُـِٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ِٞ‫ٝ٣ظ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ٠‫ٓل‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ِٝٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ًٌٝح‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫حُظٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٌ٘ٓ.ٙ‫١َى‬
َ‫٣٘و‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ك٤غ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬
.ٍٙٞ٠‫رل‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬،َ‫ٓؼظو‬‫ك٤لظلع‬ٚ‫ر‬‫طلض‬‫كَحٓش‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٍٖٛ‫اٗخٍس‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬‫حٗظٜخء‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ْ‫ػ‬َ‫٣٘و‬ٌ‫رؼيث‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ك٤غ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬.ٍٙٞ٠‫رل‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖٟٔ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔخىس‬.‫ك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬
137
‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫ُٜخ‬‫ٝٛق‬،‫ٓوخُلش‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬َ٣َ‫رظل‬
َ٠‫ٓل‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬‫ٝ٣ٔظـٞد‬‫َٓطٌزٜخ‬‫ٝ٣ٔظٔغ‬.‫ُِٜ٘ٞى‬
‫ططزن‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫كخال‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رؤ٣ش‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬َٖٓ‫ٝٓخث‬.ٖ‫حُطؼ‬

122. -233-
142
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬،‫ؿ٘لش‬ ‫ٝٛق‬‫١زوض‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬472.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
142
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫ٝٛق‬،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬‫أَٓص‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬َ٣َ‫رظل‬َ٠‫ٓل‬
،‫رخُٞهخثغ‬‫ٝأكخُض‬‫كٍٞح‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ‫َٓطٌذ‬‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
‫ٔآصبرْب‬ ‫ٔاألٔايز‬ ‫ٔانمزاراد‬ ‫األحكبو‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
140
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ؿخِٛس‬،ٌْ‫ُِل‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫أَٓص‬‫رظؤؿ٤ِٜخ‬‫ُٔظخرؼش‬‫ىٍحٓظٜخ‬‫رـِٔش‬
َٟ‫أه‬‫٣ليى‬،‫طخٍ٣وٜخ‬‫ٝال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬َ٤‫طؤؿ‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٍَ‫ٓز‬١‫ؿي‬ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬.
ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬ ‫أكي‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬
‫٣زض‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٖٟٔ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬289.ٙ‫أػال‬
141
.‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬ ‫رؤؿِز٤ش‬ ‫حُـٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬َ‫ؿؼ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔيحُٝش‬‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬‫هٔٔش‬
َ٘‫ػ‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬‫٣ليى‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫حُ٘طن‬ٌْ‫رخُل‬ٚ‫ر‬ ِْ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
ٌٚٔ‫ك‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞػي‬.‫حُٔليى‬
142
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ َٓ‫ٝحألٝح‬ ‫ٝحُوَحٍحص‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫رؤٓزخد‬ ‫ٝٓؼِِش‬ ‫ٓلٍَس‬.
‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٠ِ‫٣ظ‬ًٌَْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫هَح‬٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿِٔش‬،‫ػِ٘٤ش‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ٘‫ط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هالف‬‫ًُي‬
‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬.‫هخٛش‬
.‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ًَ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ّٜٞ‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫رٜٔطِق‬ ‫٣وٜي‬
143
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٜ‫٣ٔظ‬ًٌَْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫هَح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رخُٜ٤ـش‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬

123. -234-
‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬-ْٓ‫رخ‬‫ؿالُش‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫ٝ١زوخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬49
.
‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬١ٞ‫٣لظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬;٢‫٣ؤط‬
1-ٕ‫ر٤خ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍطٚ؛‬
2-‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ٛيٍٝٙ؛‬
3-ٕ‫ر٤خ‬‫أ١َحف‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ٓغ‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ْٓ‫حال‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬٢ٜ‫ٝحُ٘و‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٚ‫ٝهز٤ِظ‬ ٚ‫ٝالىط‬ٚ‫ٝكوٌط‬ٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ٚ‫ٝٓٞحرو‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ْ‫ٍٝه‬‫رطخهش‬
‫حالهظ٠خء؛‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ‫طؼَ٣ل‬
4-‫ً٤ل٤ش‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬‫ُأل١َحف‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬‫حُلخٍ؛‬
5-ٕ‫ر٤خ‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫ٝطخٍ٣وٜخ‬ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬‫حهظَحكٜخ؛‬
7-‫ك٠َٝح‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٜلش‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٠٠‫حهظ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ِْٜ٤‫طٔؼ‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ْٜ‫ؿ٤خر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬
‫حُٔلخٓ٢؛‬ ‫ٝٓئحٍُس‬ ‫رٜخ‬
8-‫حالهظ٠خء؛‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٝحُظَحؿٔش‬ ‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬
9-‫حألٓزخد‬‫حُٞحهؼ٤ش‬‫ٝحُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬٢٘‫٣٘ز‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ُٞٝ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬
‫حُزَحءس؛‬
:-ٕ‫ر٤خ‬‫ٓوظِق‬‫أٗٞحع‬٢‫حُظ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬َ‫هز‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓطخُزش‬‫١َف‬٢ٗ‫ٓي‬
ٞ٣ٞ‫رخُظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬َٛ‫حُلخ‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬‫رٔزذ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش؛‬
21-‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حألَٓ؛‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬
22-‫طٜل٤ش‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ٓغ‬‫طلي٣ي‬‫ٓيس‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬‫حُلخٍ؛‬
23-‫حُو٠خس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫أٛيٍٝح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ْٓ‫ٝح‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫ًٝخطذ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬‫حُ٠ز٢؛‬
24-‫طٞه٤غ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫طال‬ٌْ‫حُل‬َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝطٞه٤غ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ٠‫ك‬
.‫حُـِٔش‬
144
ًَ ‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ٌْ‫ك‬ ٞٛ َٛٝ ،‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫ك‬
.٢‫ؿ٤خر‬ ّ‫أ‬ ١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ّ‫أ‬ ١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ،٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ّ‫أ‬ ٢‫حرظيحث‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٢٠‫٣و‬‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حإلػلخء‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫حُزَحءس‬
‫ٝ٣زض‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣َؿغ‬َٔ‫ُظل‬.‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬
49-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬476ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
-‫ٓغ‬ ٍٕ‫هخ‬َٜ‫حُل‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬235;‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍٞ‫حُيٓظ‬ ٖٓ
ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٍ‫"طٜي‬ٝ‫حُِٔي‬ ْٓ‫رخ‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ٝ."ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫١زوخ‬

124. -235-
‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طزض‬‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ُٖٔ ‫حُؼيحُش‬ ‫٣ي‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞػش‬
‫طِلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كٔخىٛخ‬ ‫ه٘٤ش‬ ‫ر٤ؼٜخ‬ ‫هٍَص‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ػٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫رَى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ك٤ٜخ‬
.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ٌٍ‫ُظؼ‬ ‫ٗظ٤ـش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫الُٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ َ‫َٓحك‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬
‫ُِٜٔخ‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ُّٔ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حهظ٘خع‬ ‫ًؤىٝحص‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫٣ِٜق‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ‫حُٔخُي‬ ّ‫حُظِح‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،‫ىٍس‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ‫هٍَص‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫حُ٠ٔخٗخص‬ ‫طٞكَص‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٚ٘ٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ ٖٓ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُوط٤َس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ ً‫ء‬‫حٓظؼ٘خ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬
‫ٝحُل‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُلخؿش‬ ‫إلػزخص‬ ‫حٌُخك٤ش‬.‫هطَٛخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٔخ٣ش‬
‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬،‫رخإلىحٗش‬ٚ٘٣ٚ٤‫ك‬‫رخإلٟخكش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓخ‬،ّ‫طوي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫َٛكض‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ربىحٗش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖٓ،‫أؿِٜخ‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫ٓٞحى‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬،‫حُٔطزوش‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ٕ‫ٝا‬ ،‫حُؼوٞرش‬٠٠‫حهظ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ٍ‫حُلخ‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حإلٟخك٤ش‬‫حُٞهخث٤ش‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظيحر‬‫ٝٓخ‬٠٠‫ه‬ٚ‫ر‬ٖٓ‫كوٞم‬.‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬
145
ًٌَْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬‫ربىحٗش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫رخُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬
،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬ ٢٠‫٣و‬‫رؤىحء‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ُِوِ٣٘ش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬٢٠‫٣و‬ًٌَْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫هَح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫ربػلخء‬‫ًِ٤خ‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ِٚ٤ٔ‫رظل‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿِث٤خ‬ٍٝ‫ُِٔٔئ‬ ‫رظلٔ٤ِٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬٢٠‫٣و‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رزَحءس‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ُٞٝ ِٚ٤ٔ‫رظل‬ً‫ح‬‫ؿِء‬
ٖٓ،‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٢‫حُظ‬ٚ٘٣‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ٙ‫هخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
َٔ‫٣ظل‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ .‫هَٔٛخ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
٢ٛ‫حُٔؼ٤َس‬،‫ُِٔظخرؼش‬ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٍ‫روَح‬ٙ‫هخ‬َِ‫ٝٓؼ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫طؼل‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٖٔ‫ك‬‫حُ٘٤ش‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬َٔ‫ه‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٖٓ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ًِ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫ؿِث٤خ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رؤىحء‬،‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬
.‫ًُي‬
146
،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬َُْٜ‫٣ل‬‫اال‬٢‫ك‬
ْ‫ؿَحث‬‫ٝهغ‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬‫ٝٛلٜخ‬‫آخ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٝ‫أ‬،َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫ًٌُٝي‬
‫اًح‬٠٠‫ه‬‫ربهَحؽ‬ٞ‫رؼ‬‫حألكَحى‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ْٜ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ٖٓ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫٣ـذ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
ُْ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ؿِء‬ ٖٓ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢‫طؼل‬ ٕ‫أ‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬
.‫رٔززٜخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
‫طليى‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ٓزِؾ‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬٠‫٣ؼل‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َٔ‫ٝطظل‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُوِ٣٘ش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫كٔذ‬.ٍ‫حألكٞح‬

125. -236-
147
‫كزٔ٤ش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ربػلخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫َٓحف‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫٣طِن‬،ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫ٓٞهٞكش‬
ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫طَكغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،َ‫آه‬ ‫ٓزذ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓؼظوال‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬
ًَْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ٝ‫أ‬،ٚ‫ربػلخث‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظخرغ‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ْ‫ٗل‬ُٞٝ ‫حُٞهخثغ‬
‫ٝٛلض‬‫رٞٛق‬٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬.َ‫آه‬
152
َ‫طزط‬‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬َٓ‫حألٝح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٍحص‬:
1-‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬َٔ‫طل‬‫حُٜ٤ـش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬َٜ‫ٓٔظ‬‫حُٔخىس‬476‫؛‬
2-‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ٌِٓ٘ش‬‫١زن‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬،‫ُٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ه٠خس‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬
‫٣ل٠َٝح‬ ُْ٢‫ك‬‫حُـِٔخص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ىٍٓض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫حُيػٟٞ؛‬
3-‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫ٓؼِِش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬١ٞ‫طلظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طؼِ٤الص‬‫ٓظ٘خه٠ش؛‬
4-‫اًح‬َ‫أؿل‬‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ٣١ٞ‫٣لظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُز٤خٗخص‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬477‫؛‬
5-‫اًح‬ٍُْ‫طٜي‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿِٔش‬‫ػِ٘٤ش‬‫هَهخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬475‫؛‬
6-‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬َٔ‫طل‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫حُ٘طن‬ٌْ‫رخُل‬ٝ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُظٞه٤ؼخص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طظطِزٜخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬476‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،482.ٙ‫رؼي‬
152
‫٣ٞهغ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫ًٝخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬َٛ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬َ‫ىحه‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أؿ‬ٙ‫أهٜخ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬
ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬.ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫كيٝع‬‫ػخثن‬ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٌُخطذ‬١َ‫٣ـ‬ ،٢‫حُ٠ز‬َٔ‫حُؼ‬‫ًٔخ‬;٢ِ٣
َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬‫طٞه٤غ‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ّ‫طَأ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٝحٓظلخ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬
،‫حُٔخٗغ‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ‫ُؼزٞص‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬ ‫حألٍرغ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫٣ٞهغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ك٤ـذ‬ ،َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ‫٣ٜ٘ي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ٤ٜ٘‫حُظ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ
ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫ٗطن‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ٖٟٔ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ٖٓ ٌٖٔ‫٣ظ‬ ُْ ١50
.
‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫رـَكش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫رـَكش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَكش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬
ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫٣ٞهؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ك٤ـذ‬ ،َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫طٞه٤غ‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٝحٓظلخ‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬
50-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬482٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21،‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
ْ‫ٍه‬2.22.261‫رظخٍ٣ن‬27ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬ ٖٓ2543(28ْ‫أؿٔط‬3122)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6:86‫رظخٍ٣ن‬7
ٍ‫ٗٞح‬2543(6َ‫ٓزظٔز‬3122)،ٙ54:1.

126. -237-
٢ٗ‫حُؼٔخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝحألٍرؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ّ‫أهي‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬‫ٗخٍى‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُـِٔش‬ٚ٘٣ٝ٢‫ك‬َٛ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫اًح‬ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬‫حُظٞه٤غ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًِظخ‬ٖ٤‫حُلخُظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٍ‫أٗخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫٣ٞهغ‬‫ػٟٞخ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬‫ػ٘ي‬.‫حُظٞه٤غ‬
‫اًح‬ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬‫حُظٞه٤غ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠خس‬‫ًٝخطذ‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫أػ٤يص‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬
‫حُـِٔش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘ش‬ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬ٖٓ.‫ؿي٣ي‬
‫٣ؼخهذ‬ًَ‫ًخطذ‬٢‫ٟز‬ِْٓ‫ٗٔوش‬ٌْٖٓ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫هَح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫هز‬‫آ٠خء‬ِٚٛ‫أ‬‫رـَحٓش‬
ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫هيٍٛخ‬ ‫٣ظَٝحف‬311ٝ2.311ٍْٛ‫ى‬‫طٜيٍٛخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ر٘خء‬ ٚ‫كو‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬ ،َٓ‫حأل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬
.ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ‫طظو‬ ‫هي‬
150
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫رٔظخرؼش‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬52
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٚٓ‫طوي‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
َ٤ٓ ‫طٞهق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫ٌٗخ٣ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٢َٓ‫حُـ‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٖٓ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫ح‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬.٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫رل‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫رظض‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫ُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬ ‫ظَٜص‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓٞحِٛش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.َ‫آه‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫رخُظوخى‬ ‫ٓوطض‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬
‫انًحبكى‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬‫ٔانًخبنفبد‬ ‫انجُح‬ ‫لضبٚب‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انًخزصخ‬
151
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔوخُلخص‬‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬363‫ٝحُٔٞحى‬366
٠ُ‫ا‬371ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ًُٝي‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬362.
152
‫طؼوي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬‫ٓ٘لَى‬ ٝ‫روخ‬51
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ٝرل‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝٓٔخػيس‬‫ًخطذ‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬.
.‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬
51-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬485٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

127. -238-
153
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫طَطٌذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ َ‫ٓخث‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
‫أ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓؼزظ‬ ‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٝ ٢‫كو‬ ‫ٓخُ٤ش‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٝ
‫ٜٗق‬ ‫طزِؾ‬ ‫ؿِحك٤ش‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫هخر‬ ‫ٓ٘ي‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔوخُق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طوظَف‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ٟل٤ش‬
.ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬
154
‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ي‬ َٔ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫ٝآ٠خء‬ ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬;ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٢
2‫حُٜٞ٣ش‬ ‫رطخهش‬ ْ‫ٍه‬ ٌٖٓ‫أ‬ ٕ‫ٝا‬ ٠ٌُ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ‫ٝٓل‬ ‫ٝحُٜٔ٘ش‬ ٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬ ْٓ‫ٝحال‬ ٢ٜ‫حُ٘و‬ ْٓ‫حال‬ )
‫حُلخٍ؛‬ ٠٠‫حهظ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ُِٝٔٔئ‬ ‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫َُٔطٌذ‬ ‫ٝٗٞػٜخ‬
3‫اػزخطٜخ؛‬ َ‫ٝٝٓخث‬ ‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬ ‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ َ‫ٝٓل‬ ‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ )
4‫حُو٠٤ش؛‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔطزوش‬ ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬ )
5).‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ‫رٜ٘يٝم‬ ‫أىحثٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬
155
‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،‫َٓطٌزٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ي‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬
‫رؤ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫رخالٓظال‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٓ٠ٔٞٗش‬ ‫رَٓخُش‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬436.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ،‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ١‫٣ئى‬ ٕ‫رؤ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫ٍٓخُش‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬
ٌُٜٙ ‫حٓظيػخء‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬ َ‫ٝ٣ؼظز‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طخٍ٣وٜخ‬ ‫٣ليى‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٓظلخ‬
.‫حُـِٔش‬
٣ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼزَح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ُِٔٔئ‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫َُٔطٌذ‬ ٌٖٔ
٢‫ك‬ ٖٔ٠٣ ‫طَٜ٣ق‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حألىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٍؿزظٜٔخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬
‫ٓغ‬ ٕٞٔ٠ُٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُزَ٣ي‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫آٍخُٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخى‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حَُٓخُش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬
.ّ‫رخالٓظال‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬
156
‫٣زظية‬َ‫حألؿ‬‫حُٔليى‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ّٖٓٞ٣ٞ‫ٍك‬َٛٞ‫حُظ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬

128. -239-
157
‫ٓخ‬ ‫٣ٔيى‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫رخُٔ٘ي‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫رَٓخُش‬ َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫ُِٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٌٙٛ ّٞ‫ٝطو‬ ،‫حرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ‫رٜ٘يٝم‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حإلىالء‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ‫رٌٓظ‬ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬ ‫حأله٤َس‬
.‫حألىحء‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫أٓزٞع‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ي‬ ‫ٜٓيٍس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
162
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليى‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حألىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حَُؿزش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫حُظؼز‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬489،ٙ‫أػال‬
‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ُِـٜش‬ ٚ٘ٓ ً‫خ‬ٜ‫ِٓو‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ِْٔ٣ٝ ،ً‫خ‬٤‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ي‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬
.‫حُـَحٓخص‬
162
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حألىحء‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٍؿزظ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ َ٤‫طؼز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬489‫حُوٞحػي‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫طزض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ َ‫طو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫كال‬ ،‫حإلىحٗش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫هٍَص‬ ‫اًح‬‫حُلي‬ ٢‫ػِؼ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬
.‫ُِٔوخُلش‬ ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ُِـَحٓش‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬
160
َٝ‫ُِظؼ‬ َ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٌٕٞ٣
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ‫اال‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٝال‬ ،‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٝال‬
526.
ُِٔ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫خىس‬
.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُؼٞى‬ ‫طلي٣ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ٝ٣يه‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬
161
٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫كيٛخ‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫كو‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
6.111‫حٍطٌخ‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٝ ٍْٛ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،ً‫ح‬ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓؼزظ‬ ‫رٜخ‬
ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ‫حُٔؼخهزش‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٢‫ًظخر‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حٓظ٘خىح‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬
‫ٝحُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫حإلٟخك٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫رَٜف‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ‫حُلي‬ ‫ٜٗق‬
.ٙ‫ٍى‬ ِِّ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٍٝى‬
‫هخر‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٌٕٞ٣ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ َٝ‫ُِظؼ‬ ً‫ال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬419.‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬ ً‫ال‬‫هخر‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٝ .ٙ‫أػال‬

129. -23:-
‫ٝكن‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٝطزض‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ٕ‫ًؤ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ؿ٤خر‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُوٞحػي‬
162
‫طَكغ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬‫ًٔخ‬;٢ِ٣
2-‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ َٝ‫رظؼ‬494‫؛‬
3-‫رخالٓظيػخء‬َٗ‫حُٔزخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ِٚٔٔ٣َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ػ٘ي‬
ٖ٤ُٝ‫ُِٔٔئ‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش؛‬
3-‫رخٓظيػخء‬ِٚٔٔ٣‫أكي‬ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حإلىحٍس‬ًٕٝ‫حُٔؤ‬ُٚ‫رٌُي‬،‫هخٗٞٗخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚٗ ‫ٛ٘خى‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش؛‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫رظلَ٣ي‬ ‫حإلىحٍس‬ ٌُٜٙ ‫٣ٔٔق‬ ٙ‫هخ‬
5-‫حُلٌْ؛‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬
6-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِـِٔش‬ ١ٍٞ‫حُل‬ ْ٣‫رخُظوي‬85‫؛‬
7–ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖٓ ‫ربكخُش‬‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫َٓطٌذ‬ ‫طَٜ٣ق‬ ٠
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬488.
163
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ّ‫٣وي‬85ٕٝ‫ري‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
ٕ‫رؤ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َٙ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬ ،ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػالػش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫حٓظيػخء‬ ‫ٓخرن‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ُٚ
.ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ٍ‫ٝحهظ٤خ‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ‫طٜ٤ت‬ ‫هٜي‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ‫١ِذ‬
ٚ٘٣٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ٍ‫حإلٗؼخ‬‫ؿٞحد‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫اًح‬َٔ‫حٓظؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حُلن‬ٍٞ‫حُٔو‬ُٚ‫ًٔخ‬،ًًَٚ‫ٓ٘لظ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٌُٜح‬َٝ‫حُـ‬‫ال‬ ‫أؿال‬َ‫٣و‬
ٖ‫ػ‬‫ػالػش‬،ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫ٝطزض‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫ٍكغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬.ٚٔ٣‫طوي‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ٗلٜ٤خ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ‫حٓظيػخء‬‫رٞحٓطش‬١‫أ‬٢‫ٟخر‬ٖٓ١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬
ٖٕٓ‫أػٞح‬‫حُوٞس‬،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٕ‫أػٞح‬ ‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٕٞ‫ػ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫ٝاال‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫١زوض‬239ٙ‫أػال‬.
164
١َ‫٣ـ‬‫حُزلغ‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ه٠٤ش‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬398ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫رؼيٛخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬

130. -241-
165
‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬‫ربىحٗش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫رخٍطٌخر‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٓوخُلش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٌْ‫طل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
،‫رخُؼوٞرش‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫رخُؼوٞرخص‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫حإلٟخك٤ش‬َ٤‫ٝحُظيحر‬،‫حُٞهخث٤ش‬ٕ‫ا‬ ‫ٝطزض‬٠٠‫حهظ‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔطخُذ‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رَى‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٙ‫ٍى‬ٞ٣ٞ‫ٝرخُظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬
477ٙ‫أػال‬.
166
ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬َ‫أؿ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ِٓوٜخ‬ٌْ‫ُِل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬
‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫حُظ‬َٜٔ‫ط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬
167
ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ‫ال‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ‫٣َطٌذ‬ ُْ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫كٌٔخ‬،‫رخُزَحءس‬‫ٝطَٜف‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝطزض‬ ،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
.ٙ‫ٍى‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬:9ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٝهض‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫ٜٓخرخ‬َِ‫رو‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫هٞح‬‫حُؼوِ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬
َِ‫حُو‬َٜ‫ك‬ُٚ‫أػ٘خء‬،‫حُٔلخًٔش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬،‫ططزن‬‫كٔذ‬،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬87ٝ89
ٝ8:ٖٕٓٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫٣ٔظل٤ي‬ٌٍٖٓ‫ػ‬٢‫٣ؼل‬ٖٓ،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٍَ‫طو‬،ٙ‫اػلخء‬‫ٌُٜ٘خ‬٠‫طزو‬
‫ٓوظٜش‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫طَٜف‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬١ٞ‫رٔو‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكي‬‫أٓزخد‬١ٞ‫حُٔو‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬‫حَُحرؼش‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫كبٜٗخ‬٠‫طزو‬‫ٓوظٜش‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬23‫ُِزض‬
٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
172
‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ٣َ‫ُِلؼ‬‫ٝٛق‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫طيه‬ٖٟٔٙ‫حهظٜخ‬،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬‫طَٜف‬
ّ‫رؼي‬.َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫كن‬ ُٚ ٖٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُطَف‬ َ٤‫ٝطل‬ ‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬
٠٠‫حهظ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ١َٔ٣
‫رب‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخإل٣يحع‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ َٔ‫ٝ٣ٔظ‬ .َ‫ٓؼظو‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ُوخء‬
.َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ َٔ‫طٔظ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُـٜش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ٤‫طل‬

131. -242-
172
‫٣زِؾ‬‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٠ُ‫ا‬ِْ‫ػ‬‫حُطَف‬‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬‫١زن‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬48ٝ49ٝ4:ٖٕٓٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٚ٘٣ٝ٢‫ك‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫أؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫ػَ٘س‬ ٞٛ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬.ّ‫أ٣خ‬
170
ٍ‫طؼخى‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫طلٞهٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬‫ربُوخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫رب٣يحع‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ً‫ال‬ِ‫ٓؼ‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬
‫هالكخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٚ‫ط٠ٔ٘ظ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬4:9ٝ643،ٕ‫كب‬َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬٠‫٣زو‬
ٌ‫ٗخك‬ٍٞ‫حُٔلؼ‬ْ‫ٍؿ‬ًَ.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬١‫طٜٔ٤ي‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫رلغ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫هزَس‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هزِض‬‫ٓزيأ‬
‫ٓٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫َٓطٌذ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٔ٘ق‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫طؼٞ٣٠خ‬‫ٓٔزوخ‬ْٜ‫٣و‬ٖٓٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬
،٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬َٔ٘٣ٜٙٞ‫رخُو‬‫طٔي٣ي‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُٔئىحس‬ٖٓٚ‫١َك‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔظٞهغ‬ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ ،‫أىحإٛخ‬
ٌٙٛ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫هخرِش‬ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ْ‫ٍؿ‬ًََٝ‫طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حٓظج٘خف‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝطليى‬ َٛٞ‫حُـ‬‫ٓزِؾ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬٢ٌُِ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫طٔ٘ل‬ٍَ٠‫ُِٔظ‬ٖٓ
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬١ٌُٝ،ٚ‫كوٞه‬‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬َ‫حُٔؼـ‬‫ُـِء‬ٖٓ‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬‫٣ظ٘خٓذ‬
‫ٝحُلخؿ٤خص‬‫حُلٍٞ٣ش‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬١َ٘‫ر‬ٕ‫أ‬َِ‫طؼ‬ً‫ال‬٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ‫ًُي‬،ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬‫َٓحػ٤ش‬‫ؿٔخٓش‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬
‫ٝحكظ٤خؽ‬ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬.
ٓ ‫ٝحَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ٖ٤‫ُِلوَط‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٖ
.‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طزض‬ ٢ٛٝ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫رخُظؼ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ
171
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫حُـ٤خر‬‫رظَٜ٣ق‬ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٚٓ‫٣وي‬‫ٌُظخرش‬
٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ظَف‬‫حُؼَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٢‫حُظ‬٢ِ‫ط‬.‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬َٝ‫طؼ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬َ‫هز‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٞٛ
ٜٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬4:2،ٙ‫أػال‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬‫حإلىالء‬‫رٔخ‬‫٣ل٤ي‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬َٝ‫رخُظؼ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ‫حٓظيػخء‬ ٖ٤‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ِْٔ٣ٝ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍُ‫٣ظ٘خ‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬
4:5.ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫اًح‬ٞ‫ٍك‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢‫طِو‬،‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ٍكغ‬‫حُِ٘حع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬١َٔ‫ٝط‬
‫حُلوَحص‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬3ٝ4ٝ5‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ512.ٙ‫رؼي‬

132. -243-
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣ظؼِن‬ٟٞ‫رخُيػ‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫اًح‬ُْْ‫٣ظ‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ُْٖٝ٤‫٣ظز‬
ٖٓ‫أ٣ش‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬ٖٓ‫ٝػخثن‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬ِْ‫ػ‬ َ٤‫حأله‬ُ‫رخ‬ٌْ‫ل‬١َ‫حُِؿ‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢‫ك‬،ٚ‫كو‬ٕ‫كب‬
َٟٚ‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٠‫٣زو‬‫ٓوزٞال‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ٍ‫آؿخ‬ّ‫طوخى‬.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.٢‫حُـ٤خر‬
172
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ٕ‫رطال‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬٢‫ك‬
ٚ‫ٓوظ٠٤خط‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬.‫رخإلىحٗش‬
‫ال‬‫٣ٜق‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬
‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫اال‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رلوٞهٜٔخ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ِْٔ٣‫ؿي٣ي‬ ‫حٓظيػخء‬٢‫رخه‬ ٠‫ٝ٣ٔظيػ‬ ،ٖ٤‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ َٝ‫حُٔظؼ‬ ‫ُِطَف‬
.‫حُـِٔش‬ ٍٞ٠‫ُل‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
٠‫٣ِـ‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ٕ‫ا‬َُْ٠‫٣ل‬َٝ‫حُٔظؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬‫حُٔليى‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬.‫حُـي٣ي‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬
.‫ٓخرن‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫حُظؼ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬
173
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓخث‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطَف‬َٝ‫حُٔظؼ‬ِٚٔ‫رظل‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬‫طزِ٤ؾ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬
٢‫حُـ٤خر‬.َٝ‫ٝحُظؼ‬
174
ٌٖٔ٣ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٝحُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬
٢‫ك‬‫ه٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬.‫ُِلَ٣ش‬
ٍٞ‫٣و‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُلن‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬ٚ‫كوٞه‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ال‬.َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ‫حألػ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬51:ٝ521.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬٢٠‫٣و‬‫رـَحٓش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓوَٝٗش‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٛح‬
‫ال‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٖ‫٣طؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫اال‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬526.ٙ‫رؼي‬
175
‫ٓ٘طٞهٜخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ً٤لٔخ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ْٖٜٓ‫حُٔظ‬
ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬َ٤ًّٝٝ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ٝح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٟ‫اكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حإلىحٍحص‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫٣ٔٔق‬‫ُٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫رٜلش‬‫هخٛش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫ربهخٓش‬
.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬

133. -244-
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٠‫طَحػ‬51:ٝ521.ٙ‫رؼي‬
176
‫٣ٞهق‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬ٍ‫آؿخ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ٝأػ٘خء‬ٕ‫ؿَ٣خ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٢‫ك‬‫َٓكِش‬
،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬٠‫ٝطَحػ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬493.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ال‬ٍٞ‫٣ل‬َ‫أؿ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٍٞ‫حُٔو‬َ٤ًُِّٞ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬
402ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
177
ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ َ‫ٗظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ٖ٤٘‫حػ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
ّ‫٣وي‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫رظَٜ٣ق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬،‫ٓؼظوال‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬‫ٌُظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫رخُٔئٓٔش‬‫٣ؼي‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫ٛل٤لخ‬٠‫ٝ٣ظِو‬‫كخال‬ٖٔ٠٣َٝ‫رخُٔـ‬ٙ‫حُوخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬334.
‫ال‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ‫٣زؼغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫ُؼوٞرخص‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ،ٌْ‫ُِل‬ ‫حُٜٔيٍس‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ‫ٌُظخرش‬ ‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ً‫خ‬‫أٍرؼ‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬
.‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ٓظخرؼخص‬ ٖٓ ُٚ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ‫ػٔخ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ٞ‫رـ‬ ‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬
222
‫٣ليى‬‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٌْ‫رخُل‬ ‫حُ٘طن‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ َ‫أؿ‬
ّٞ٤‫ر‬ ‫أكيٛٔخ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫٣ٔؼ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُ٘طن‬
;ٚ٘١ٞٓ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ١َٔ٣
)‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ٣‫حُطَف‬‫كخَٟح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٔؼال‬‫رخُـِٔش‬‫حُظ‬٢ٍ‫ٛي‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫رؼي‬
‫ك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬ُْٝ‫٣ٔزن‬ٍٙ‫اٗؼخ‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ٞٛٝ‫أ‬ِٖٓٚ‫٣ٔؼ‬ّٞ٤‫ر‬‫حُ٘طن‬‫رٚ؛‬
)‫د‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رٔؼخرش‬١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬‫كٔذ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلوَحص‬3ٝ5ٝ8ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬314
‫أػالٙ؛‬
)‫ؽ‬‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬‫كٔذ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬314.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫حٓظؤٗق‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ُْٜ ٖٔٓ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٖٓ َٙ٤‫كِـ‬ ‫حُٔليى‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫أكي‬
.ْٜ‫حٓظج٘خك‬ ْ٣‫ُظوي‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٚ‫ٓيط‬ ٢‫اٟخك‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ،‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫كن‬

134. -245-
222
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُظٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬٢‫ك‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اال‬ ‫ىكٞع‬‫رؼي‬
ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٢‫ٝك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣طِذ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬‫ٌٛح‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ًٌُٝي‬
ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬٢‫ك‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓٔؤُش‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣َٓ‫حأل‬‫ٓظؼِوخ‬ّ‫رؼي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
٢‫حُ٘ٞػ‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬‫حُيكغ‬ٚ‫ر‬‫هي‬َ٤‫أػ‬َ‫هز‬ًَ‫ىكخع‬٢‫ك‬.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُِ٘حع‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ٗٞع‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ُِطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٞ‫٣َك‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬،ٚ‫١ِز‬ٕ‫أ‬
ْٔ‫٣ِظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬‫ٓخػش‬ْٖٓ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫رٞحٓطش‬،‫ًٌَٓس‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫ًخطذ‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬َ٤‫رظٔـ‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬،ٚ‫رخٓظج٘خك‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣ٔظؼ‬‫ٌُٜح‬.َٓ‫حأل‬
.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُِظَٜ٣ق‬ ً‫خ‬‫طخٍ٣و‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔٞحكوش‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣ْ٤‫حَُث‬ َٓ‫أ‬‫ٟٓٞٞػخ‬١‫أل‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫حالكظـخؽ‬ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬٢‫حُطٞػ‬ّ‫ُألكٌخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ًٞٓ٤ِش‬ّ‫ُؼي‬ٍٞ‫هز‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
220
َ٤ًُِّٞ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫كن‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٤‫ٓظ‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬‫طزظية‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حُ٘طن‬
.ٌْ‫رخُل‬
‫٣زِؾ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٍٝ‫ُِٔٔئ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٛل٤لخ‬‫اًح‬َ‫أهز‬ٚ‫ر‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬َٟ‫حُلخ‬،‫رخُـِٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬
‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫حألؿ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬َٝ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫رخُـِٔش‬‫ر٘خء‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫أ‬‫١َف‬.َ‫آه‬
221
،ٖ٤‫ُِٔٔظؤٗل‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ٌٛح‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ ،ْٜ‫حٓظج٘خك‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظ٘خُُٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬
.‫َٛ٣لخ‬ ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ً‫ح‬‫اٜٗخى‬ ٢‫طؼ‬ ُْ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ىحٓض‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُظَحؿغ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ َ‫حألػ‬ ْ٣‫ػي‬ ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠‫٣زو‬
222
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٖٔ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫ٍكغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢‫٣ؤط‬ًًَْْٛ‫رخَُؿ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ٣‫طوي‬،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫٣ٌٞٗٞح‬ٖ٤ِ‫ٓؼظو‬‫ُٔزذ‬;َ‫آه‬
2-ٝ‫أ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٚٔ‫رلز‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ربػلخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش؛‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ١ٞ‫رٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬
3-ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬‫رٔـَى‬‫ٓخ‬٢٠‫٣و‬‫حُٔيس‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬

135. -246-
223
َ‫٣٘و‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ُٔ‫ح‬َ‫ؼظو‬َٓ‫رؤ‬َٖٓ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٖٓ ‫حُوَ٣زش‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ال‬ َ‫أؿ‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حرظيحء‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬
224
‫اًح‬٢‫أُـ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رٔزذ‬‫هَم‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حٌُِ٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣وٍَٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫رٔزذ‬،ٍ‫حإلؿلخ‬
ُْٝ‫٣وغ‬‫طيحٍى‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫طالك٤خ‬،ٕ‫ُِزطال‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٟ‫طظٜي‬‫ُِو٠٤ش‬‫ٝطزض‬٢‫ك‬.‫ؿَٞٛٛخ‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ٟ‫طظٜي‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫اُـخء‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٙ‫رٔوظ٠خ‬ ‫َٛكض‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حُيٍؿش‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬‫هطؤ‬
‫رخهظٜخٜٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬.ً‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓل‬
225
‫حُوٞحػي‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ططزن‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ْٖٓٔ‫حُو‬ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬
ٍٞ‫ك‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬َ٤ٓ‫حُـِٔش‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬.‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫رٔـَى‬‫حالٗظٜخء‬ٖٓ‫حٓظـٞحد‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٍٞ‫ك‬،ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬‫حُو٠خس‬
ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬َٙ٣َ‫طو‬ٍٞ‫ك‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫اًح‬‫١ِذ‬‫ًُي‬‫أكي‬.‫حأل١َحف‬
‫٣ٔظ٘طن‬ ْ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬
‫٣ٔظٔغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُـَكش‬‫هي‬‫أَٓص‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤خ‬‫رخالٓظٔخع‬.ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬
ْ‫ػ‬ٍٝ‫٣ظ٘خ‬‫حٌُِٔش‬ٍ‫هال‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،٢ُ‫حُظٞح‬‫حُطَف‬‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬‫كخُطَف‬‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬
ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫طؼيى‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٕٞ‫حُٔٔظؤٗل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حأل١َحف‬‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬،ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫٣ليى‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْٜ‫طَط٤ز‬٢‫ك‬
ٍٝ‫ط٘خ‬.‫حٌُِٔش‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رخُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬،٢‫كو‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ّ‫طوي‬.‫ٓٔظ٘ظـخطٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ـذ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ٕ‫أ‬٠‫طؼط‬‫حٌُِٔش‬‫حأله٤َس‬.ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
226
‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬‫ال‬ٌِ‫٣َط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬ْ‫رخَُؿ‬
ٖٓٚ‫ٛلظ‬،‫ٌٗال‬‫كبٜٗخ‬‫طئ٣ي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٌْ‫ٝطل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫رخُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣
‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬ٞٛ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اىحٍس‬‫اهخٓظٜخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬.‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
227
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ‫اىحٍس‬ٍٞ‫٣و‬‫ُٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬
،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ُـَكش‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫طئ٣ي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ُٚ‫طؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬ٚ٤‫طِـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫آخ‬‫ُلخثيس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬.ٙ‫ٟي‬
‫اًح‬ّ‫هي‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ْٖٜٓ‫حُٔظ‬،ٙ‫ٝكي‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫اال‬‫طؤ٣٤ي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٙ‫اُـخء‬‫ُلخثيس‬.‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬

136. -247-
222
َٜ‫٣و‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬َ‫ٗظ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬‫ٜٓخُق‬‫ٗق‬َ‫حُٔٔظؤ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٝ٣ظ٤ق‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬َ٣‫طوي‬‫كو٤وش‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫حُٔظٔززش‬٢‫ك‬
ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬٠‫حُٔيػ‬.ٚ‫ر‬
‫ال‬ٍٞ‫٣و‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬‫اال‬‫طؤ٣٤ي‬ِٚ٣‫طؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ٙ‫اُـخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ُلخثيس‬.‫حُٔٔظؤٗق‬
‫ال‬ٌٕٞ٣ٌْ‫ُِل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رؼي‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫ٓٞحء‬٠٠‫ه‬‫رخُلوٞم‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫رَك٠ٜخ‬١‫أ‬
َ٤‫طؤػ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُل‬ٌٍْ‫حُٜخى‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حًظٔذ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫هٞس‬‫حُ٘٢ء‬٢٠‫حُٔو‬.ٚ‫ر‬
222
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬َ‫حُلؼ‬‫ال‬‫٣٘ٔذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫أٝال‬ٌٕٞ٣‫أ٣ش‬‫ٓوخُلش‬ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ؿَكش‬
‫طزض‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬49:.
َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫ربٍؿخع‬‫ٓخ‬‫هي‬ٌٕٞ٣ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ‫ر‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫طؼٞ٣٠خص‬ ٖٓ
‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬‫اًح‬ٌْٚٗ‫حُل‬٢‫حالرظيحث‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬4:3٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬َ‫حُٔؼـ‬.‫ُِظؼٞ٣٠خص‬
220
ٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓوخُلش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫اال‬ ‫٣ظٜق‬ ‫ال‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ػزض‬ ‫اًح‬
‫١زوخ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝطزض‬ ٢‫حالرظيحث‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٢‫طِـ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬498‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬4:7.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
221
‫طَٜف‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٝٛق‬ َ‫ُِلؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬ّ‫رؼي‬،‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬
١َ‫ٝطـ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬4:1.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
222152
ٛٝ َ‫ُِلؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫كزٔخ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ق‬
‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ١َ‫ٝطـ‬ ،‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ‫طَٜف‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬4:1.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
222
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ططزن‬425ٝ497ٝ498ٝ499ٝ49:
‫(حُلوَحص‬4ٝ5ٝ6ٝ )4:1‫(حُلوَس‬3ٝ )4:2ٝ4:3‫(حُلوَس‬2ٝ )4:4ٝ4:5ٝ4:6ٖٓ
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
52-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬2-524٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬‫ؼخُؼش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

137. -248-
223
٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫حُوخرِش‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫ُٝأل١َحف‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬
‫٣َكغ‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬ٍٟٖٔٝ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬629‫ٝٓخ‬
‫رؼيٛخ‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫هالكخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬643،٢‫ٝك‬ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬‫حُٔخىس‬493
ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٛح‬‫ال‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫٣ٞهق‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬،‫حُـَحٓش‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣طِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣ؼزض‬‫أىحء‬‫حُـَحٓش‬٢٠‫حُٔو‬‫رٜخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝهض‬ْ٣‫طوي‬.ٚ‫١ِز‬
‫٣َى‬‫ُطخُذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫ٓزِؾ‬‫حُـَحٓش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٞ‫ٗو‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ططز٤ن‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬َ‫هز‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬
.ٚ‫ر‬
53
2223
‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫طؼوي‬ٖ٤٤ٟ‫ٝهخ‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ ٢ٛٝ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝٓٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬54
.
0223
‫ؿَف‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُٔويٓش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططزن‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ًْ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬364‫أػال‬.ٙ
53-ٖٓ ‫حَُحرغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ّ‫حُٔخى‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ،٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ47.21.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
54-َٜ‫حُل‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٍٕ‫هخ‬6َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬2.85.449‫رظخٍ٣ن‬35
‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬24:5(26ُٞ٤ُٞ٣2:85ْ٤‫رخُظ٘ظ‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ )َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ٝ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ‫طظٔ٤ٔٚ؛‬
‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬4331‫رظخٍ٣ن‬37‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬24:5(28ُٞ٤ُٞ٣2:85ٙ ،)3138.
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٚ‫"طوظ‬‫حُٜٔ٘لش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬-‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ‫آ٘خى‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٚٗ ‫اًح‬ ‫ػيح‬
‫ؿ٤َٛخ‬-٤ٔ‫ؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫حالٓظ٤٘خف‬ ‫كن‬ ‫كلع‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حرظيحث٤خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحٗظٜخث٤خ‬ ‫حرظيحث٤خ‬‫١زوخ‬ ٟٝ‫حُيػخ‬ ‫غ‬‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُِٝ٘
ٜٙٞٗ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫هخٛش‬.
‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫حٓظ٤٘خك٤ش‬ ‫ًيٍؿش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طزض‬
،‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .‫هخٛش‬ ٜٙٞٗ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ْٜ٤‫ك‬ ٖٔ‫ر‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ‫ػالػش‬ ٖٓ ‫ًَٓزش‬ ٢ٛٝ ‫طزض‬
."٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬

138. -249-
‫انجُبٚبد‬ ‫لضبٚب‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انًخزصخ‬ ‫انٓٛئخ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
224
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ططز٤و‬365٢‫ك‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ‫كِٜٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫ٝحُـَحث‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬366
٠ُ‫ا‬368.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
225
‫طظؤُق‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٖٖٓ٣ٍ‫ٝٓٔظ٘خ‬ ‫حُـَف‬ ‫ٍإٓخء‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ْٜ٘٤‫طؼ‬ ٖ٤٘‫اػ‬
‫حُـٔؼ٤ش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٌَُ‫ٓ٘ش‬،‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ًٔخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫حُـٔؼ٤ش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫ر‬‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬‫ٍث٤ٔخ‬‫ٗخثزخ‬.ٖ٤٤‫اٟخك‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٝٓٔظ٘خ‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ُـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ْ٠‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫١ٞ٣ِش‬ ‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫طٔظٞؿذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬
‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٚ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ،ٖ٣ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬
١‫رؤ‬ ‫هخٓٞح‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫أكي‬ ‫أػ٠خثٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٝال‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬.‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُزض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٗخًٍٞح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫طؼوي‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫رٔٔخػيس‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬‫ًُٝي‬
‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬.ٕ‫حُزطال‬
226
‫طزض‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬،‫حرظيحث٤خ‬‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طَٜف‬ّ‫رؼي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َؿغ‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬.‫ٓظوٜٜش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
227
;٢ُ‫حُظخ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘ل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٍ‫طلخ‬
2-‫حُظلو٤ن؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حإلكخُش‬ ٍ‫روَح‬
3-ٖ٤‫ُِٔخىط‬ ‫١زوخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫ربكخُش‬5:ٝ84‫حُوخٕٗٞ؛‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
4-‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٖٓ ‫ربكخُش‬.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ‫اُـخء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
202
‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫ٝؿيح‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫ٝحُطَف‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ًخكش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٠‫٣ٔظيػ‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ ٞٛ419ٝ41:.ٙ‫أػال‬

139. -24:-
‫ٝحُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝحُظٌ٤٤ق‬ ‫ُِٞهخثغ‬ ً‫خ‬ٜ‫ِٓو‬ ،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬ ٖٔ٠‫ٝ٣ظ‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫طؼخهذ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ٞ‫ٝ٣ول‬41:َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫ربكخُش‬
202
.‫كَ٣ش‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ًِٚٞٔ‫ر‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ‫٣لن‬
‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٝػخثو‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫ٝحُل‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ‫ٓلظٞ٣خص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣طِغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣.ٚ‫وظ‬
ٍٜٞ‫ٝحُل‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإل١الع‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ٝحُٔٔئ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫ُِطَف‬ ‫٣لن‬
.ٚ‫ٗلوظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
200
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ َ٣‫٣ي‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َٜٔ٣ٝ٠ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ّ‫حكظَح‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬َ٤ٔ‫ر‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُـِٔخص‬
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٍٞ‫٣و‬‫ِٓطش‬،‫رٔوظ٠خٛخ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫طوي٣َ٣ش‬‫ٝطزؼخ‬‫ُٔخ‬ٚ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫هٞحػي‬‫حَُ٘ف‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ،َ٤ٔ٠ُ‫ٝح‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬َٓ‫ٝ٣ؤ‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َحٛخ‬‫ٓل٤يس‬‫ٌُِ٘ق‬ٖ‫ػ‬
،‫حُلو٤وش‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫٣ٔ٘ؼٜخ‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
201
ِٖ‫٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حكظظخف‬‫حُـِٔش‬َٓ‫ٝ٣ؤ‬ٍ‫ربىهخ‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
َ‫٣ٔؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫كَح‬‫َٝٓكٞهخ‬٢‫كو‬ّ‫رلَح‬ٚ‫ُٔ٘ؼ‬ٖٓ.ٍ‫حُلَح‬
‫اًح‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َ‫رٔو‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬،‫ًُي‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
ً‫ح‬ٍ‫اٌٗح‬‫رٞحٓطش‬ٕٞ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬َٙ‫٣ٔو‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬،‫ُِِٔي‬ٕ‫كب‬َُْ‫٣ٔظؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ٍ‫ُإلٌٗح‬ُ‫ؿخ‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٍٙ‫ربك٠خ‬‫ُِـِٔش‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫حُوٞس‬٢‫ٝك‬ .‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ْ٤‫َُِث‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫حُلخالص‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رٔٞحِٛش‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿ٤زش‬ً‫ال‬‫ٓؼظو‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
ّ‫ٝحألكٌخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ِٝٓظٔٔخص‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬
‫حُٔظ‬ َ‫ٝ٣٘و‬ .ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُظٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬ ‫ٝحُوَحٍحص‬‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُـِٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ْٜ
ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .ٍٙٞ٠‫رل‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬
.ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫٣طِذ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْٖٜٓ‫حُٔظ‬‫حإلىالء‬ٚ٤ٔٓ‫رخ‬٢ِ‫حُؼخث‬ٚ٘ٔ‫ٝر‬ ٢ٜ‫ٝحُ٘و‬ٚ‫ٜٝٓ٘ظ‬َ‫ٝٓل‬ٙ‫ٌٓ٘خ‬
ٕ‫ٌٝٓخ‬.ٚ‫ٝٓٞحرو‬ ٚ‫ٝالىط‬
‫٣ظؤًي‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٖٓٞ٠‫ك‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ّٖٓٞ‫٣و‬.ٚٓ‫ٓوخ‬

140. -251-
‫٣ظؤًي‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ٍٖٓٞ٠‫ك‬ٕ‫حُظَؿٔخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخُش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٕٞ٣ُّٖٓ‫حُال‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬
202
ٌٖٔ٣‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ْ٤‫َُث‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫٣ٔظيػ‬ٍ‫هال‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َُٞٝٓ‫رؤ‬،ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬ًَ
ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ُالٓظٔخع‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬‫حإلىالء‬ٌَ‫ر‬َ٤ُ‫ى‬‫ؿي٣ي‬َٜ‫ظ‬َُٖٚٓٝ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُـِٔش‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ٓل٤ي‬ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬.‫حُلو٤وش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ػخٍٟض‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ىكخع‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُطَف‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ٕ‫أ‬١‫٣ئى‬ٕٞ‫حُٔٔظيػ‬ ،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٜلش‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬،ٖ٤ٔ٤ُ‫ح‬ ،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫طَٜ٣لخص‬‫ال‬ ‫ٛئالء‬٠‫طظِو‬‫اال‬‫ًٔـَى‬.‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬
203
‫اًح‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٖٓ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٝؿٞى‬ٖ‫هَحث‬ٍُٝ‫هط٤َس‬٢‫ك‬‫ٜٗخىس‬،‫ٓخ‬‫كِـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫آخ‬
‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫رٟٞغ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫طلض‬.‫حُلَحٓش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،ْ٤‫حَُث‬َ‫هز‬ٕ‫حإلػال‬ٖ‫ػ‬ّ‫حهظظخ‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٓٞحء‬‫طٞرؼض‬‫ٓ٘خه٘ش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
،‫حَُث٤ٔ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٖٓ١ٍَٝ٠ُ‫ح‬‫طؤؿ٤ِٜخ‬‫ُـِٔش‬‫ٓوزِش‬‫ٗظَح‬‫ألٛٔ٤ش‬‫حُٜ٘خىس‬ٕٞ٘‫حُٔظ‬،‫ٍُٝٛخ‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫٣لغ‬‫َُِٔس‬‫حأله٤َس‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ‫ه‬‫حُلو٤وش‬ٜٚ‫ٝ٣٘ز‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫طَٜ٣لخط‬َ‫ٓظؼظز‬
ٖٕٓ٥‫ح‬،‫ٜٗخث٤ش‬‫ٓغ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طزن‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٖٓ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬‫ُٜ٘خىس‬.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬
‫ؿَكش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫رٞحٓطش‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫ربكخُش‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
204
‫اًح‬‫١َأ‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬ٍ‫هال‬،‫حُـِٔش‬‫رظض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬.ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫الكظض‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُِ٘حع‬ٍٝ‫حُؼخ‬ٖ‫٣طؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ِٓطش‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
،‫حُظوي٣َ٣ش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬‫طَٜف‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬.ٚٗ‫ر٘ؤ‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬١‫أ‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٖٓ‫حُوَحٍحص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طٜيٍٛخ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ِٗحع‬
ٍٝ‫ػخ‬‫اال‬‫ٓغ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
205
‫ػ٘ي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫رلغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫طٔظٔغ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُطَف‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ْ‫ػ‬ّ‫طوي‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬.‫ِٓظٔٔخطٜخ‬
َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬َ‫ٝٓخث‬.‫حُيكخع‬
‫٣ٔٔق‬‫رخُظؼو٤ذ‬‫ُِطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ُِٝ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬‫حٌُِٔش‬‫حأله٤َس‬‫ىحثٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬
،ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ِٖ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حٗظٜخء‬.‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬

141. -252-
206
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫ربهَحؽ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٖٓ‫هخػش‬‫حُـِٔش‬ِٖ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬.‫طٞه٤لٜخ‬
ٞ‫٣يػ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٚ‫َُٔحكوظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫هخػش‬.‫حُٔيحٝالص‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫حٓظؼخ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٖ٣ٍ‫رٔٔظ٘خ‬ٖ٤٤‫اٟخك‬‫ٗظَح‬ٍٞ‫ُط‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٖ٤‫ٝطز‬ُٕٚ‫أ‬ْٜ‫ٓ٘خًٍظ‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُٔيحُٝش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬،‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬ٚٗ‫كب‬ْٛٞ‫٣يػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٖٓ ‫حالٗٔلخد‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ٓغ‬‫حُزوخء‬‫رز٘خ٣ش‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫١٤ِش‬‫ٓيس‬.‫حُٔيحٝالص‬
207
‫ال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ألػ٠خء‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ـخىٍٝح‬‫هخػش‬،‫حُٔيحٝالص‬‫اال‬‫َُِؿٞع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫هخػش‬
‫حُـِٔخص‬ٍ‫إلٛيح‬ٍْٛ‫هَح‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿِٔش‬.‫ػِ٘٤ش‬
‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ألكي‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣يه‬‫طِي‬‫حُوخػش‬ٍ‫هال‬‫حُٔيحٝالص‬١‫أل‬‫ٓزذ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٕٝ‫ري‬ًٕ‫ا‬ٖٓ
،ْ٤‫حَُث‬ًَٖٝٓ‫هخُق‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٔ٘غ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طَى‬َٓ‫رؤ‬ٖٓ.ْ٤‫حَُث‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼٌٍص‬‫ٓ٘خًٍش‬‫أكي‬‫أػ٠خء‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬،‫حُٔيحٝالص‬ٌُْٖٝ٣‫هي‬‫ٝهغ‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬‫أػ٠خء‬
،ٖ٤٤‫اٟخك‬‫ك٤ـذ‬َ٤‫طؤه‬‫ؿِٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ٓوزِش‬‫ٝطؼخى‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬.‫رٌخِٜٓخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬‫ٝهغ‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬‫أػ٠خء‬،ٖ٤٤‫اٟخك‬٠‫٣يػ‬ْٜٓ‫أهي‬‫رلٔذ‬‫حُظَط٤ذ‬َ‫ُ٤ل‬َ‫ٓل‬
ٞ٠‫حُؼ‬٢ِٛ‫حأل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫كيع‬ُٚ،‫ٓخٗغ‬ْ‫ػ‬‫طؼخى‬‫حُٔيحٝالص‬.‫رٌخِٜٓخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬َ٣َ‫طل‬َ٠‫ٓل‬ٖٔ٠٣ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُلخىع‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٠‫٣يػ‬ٌُٜٙ
.‫حُـخ٣ش‬
212
ٍٝ‫٣ظيح‬‫أػ٠خء‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬‫اىحٗش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ٝك‬،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٖ٣َ‫ٓؼظز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٚ‫حأله‬‫حُظَٝف‬‫حُٔ٘يىس‬‫ٝكخالص‬ٍ‫حألػٌح‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٕ‫ا‬.‫ٝؿيص‬
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٕ‫أ‬ٞ‫٣يػ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫هٍَص‬‫اىحٗش‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ظَٝف‬
‫ٓوللش‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫ػي‬.‫ٝؿٞىٛخ‬
َ‫ط٘ظ‬‫ؿَكش‬،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓ٘ق‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ا٣وخف‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬٢‫ٝك‬
‫ططز٤ن‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حإلٟخك٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ً‫حطوخ‬َ٤‫طيحر‬.‫ٝهخث٤ش‬
ٌ‫٣ظو‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬،‫رخألؿِز٤ش‬‫ٝ٣وغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظٜٞ٣ض‬٢ُ‫حُظٞح‬ًَ ٜٙٞ‫رو‬
‫ٗوطش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫كيس‬
212
ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫ربُوخء‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ُـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ٙ‫ٟي‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٌ‫ٝ٣٘ل‬ .‫حُـِٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫ك‬ َ٠‫ك‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬
.ٖ‫١ؼ‬

142. -253-
210
‫ال‬٢‫طَطز‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫رظٌ٤٤ق‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٍ‫حُٔلخ‬،‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٌ٤ق‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬
ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬ٍ‫طلخ‬،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫ططزن‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫حُٔظالثٔش‬‫ٓغ‬‫ٗظ٤ـش‬‫رلغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
.‫رخُـِٔش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٖٓ‫حُزلغ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ظَف‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػيس‬‫ظَٝف‬‫ٓ٘يىس‬ُْٖٔ٠‫ط‬٢‫ك‬
ٍ‫حُوَح‬،‫رخإلكخُش‬‫كال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌ‫طؤه‬‫رٜخ‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬‫ُٔطخُذ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫ٝإل٣٠خكخص‬.‫حُيكخع‬
211
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫أىُش‬‫ٟي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٔزذ‬ٍ‫أكؼخ‬،َٟ‫أه‬
‫ٝ١ِزض‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حإلٜٗخى‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رلوٜخ‬ ‫رخالكظلخظ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫رخُـِٔش‬ َٟ‫حُلخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫ُلخثيط‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬،‫حإلػلخء‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
212
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٖٓ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫حُلؼ‬٢َٓ‫حُـ‬‫ال‬‫٣٘ٔذ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫حُلؼ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞد‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬
‫ال‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ٝ‫أ‬ُْ‫٣ؼي‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٌْ‫طل‬.‫رخُزَحءس‬
‫اًح‬‫حٓظلخى‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٌٍٖٓ‫ػ‬،‫ٓؼق‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٌْ‫طل‬.‫رخإلػلخء‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ١ٞ‫ٓو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫َٓحف‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫٣طِن‬
َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ً‫ال‬‫ٓؼظو‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،٢‫كو‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ‫طَكغ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،َ‫آه‬ ‫ٓزذ‬.
213
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ُـَكش‬ٖٓ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٍ‫هال‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٕ‫أ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٝهض‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬
‫ٜٓخرخ‬َِ‫رو‬٢‫ك‬ٙ‫هٞح‬‫حُؼوِ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬َِ‫حُو‬َٜ‫ك‬ُٚ‫أػ٘خء‬،‫حُٔلخًٔش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬‫ططزن‬‫كٔذ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬
‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤ِٜ‫حُل‬87ٝ89ٝ‫أ‬َٜ‫حُل‬8:ٖٕٓٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
214
‫اًح‬ّ‫هي‬‫حُطَف‬،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٓطخُز‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫طزض‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ْ‫ٗل‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬‫ربىحٗش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬ٍٞ‫هز‬٢‫ٝك‬ ‫حُطِذ‬‫ٓ٘ق‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬.ٍ‫حُلخ‬
٠‫طزو‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ٓوظٜش‬‫رخُزض‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِلوَس‬‫حُٔخروش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬١ٞ‫ٓو‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ُٔزذ‬ٖٓ‫حألٓزخد‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُحرؼش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬
‫رخإلػلخء‬‫ططز٤وخ‬ٖ٤ِٜ‫ُِل‬87ٝ256ٖٕٓٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُـ٘خث‬.
‫طَٜف‬‫حُـَكش‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫كخ‬‫اٛيحٍٛخ‬‫هَحٍح‬‫رزَحءس‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬

143. -254-
215
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رخُزَحءس‬‫٣َكغ‬‫ٟي‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬
‫كٔذ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬‫٣طِذ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬.ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬
216
‫ُـَكش‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬ُٞٝ،‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫رَى‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫حُٟٔٞٞػش‬‫طلض‬‫٣ي‬ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حُؼيحُش‬
.‫ٜٓخىٍس‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هط٤َس‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬،‫رخإلىحٗش‬‫كال‬‫٣وغ‬‫ٍى‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ؼزض‬‫ٓخٌُٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ُّْ‫٣ظوي‬‫رطِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫أ‬ٚ‫كخط‬ َٝ‫أؿ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫هي‬ٚ‫١ِز‬‫ٝرظ‬‫ض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
ٍ‫روَح‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬،ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫رَى‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬ّ‫حُظِح‬
ٕ‫رؤ‬ ِ‫حُلخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔخُي‬‫٣ؼ٤ي‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫حُٜخُلش‬‫ًؤىٝحص‬‫حهظ٘خع‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هي‬َٝ‫طؼ‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٖٓ.‫ؿي٣ي‬
‫رز٤غ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حُلخٓيس‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫ربطالف‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .‫رٜخ‬ ‫حالكظلخظ‬ ٌٍ‫٣ظؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٤ٔظٜخ‬ ٍٞٛ‫طي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كٔخىٛخ‬ ٠٘‫٣و‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬
.‫ر٤ؼٜخ‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٜ‫حُٔل‬ ٖٔ‫حُؼ‬ ‫حٓظَىحى‬ ٟٞٓ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬
217
‫طؼٞى‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫حُٔيحٝالص‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫هخػش‬‫حُـِٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬‫ًخطذ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ٝ٣ظلون‬َٖٓ‫طٞك‬١َٝٗ.‫حُؼِ٘٤ش‬
ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رخإلػلخء‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رخُزَحءس‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫رظؤؿ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
‫الكوش‬ ‫ُـِٔش‬ٚ‫ػ٤٘ظ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ِٖ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ ،٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ‫حُـَكش‬
.١‫حإلػيحى‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬
‫رخإلكَحؽ‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رٌلخُش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أ‬ ‫ريٜٝٗخ‬ٝ
.ً‫خ‬٠‫رؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ال‬ً ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ َ٤‫ُظيحر‬ ‫كي‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬
222
‫رؼي‬،ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫طالٝس‬َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ُٚ‫حرظيحء‬ّٖٓٞ٣ٚ‫ٓيط‬ ‫أؿال‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬
‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫ًخِٓش‬ٖ‫ُِطؼ‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬

144. -255-
222
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ٍ‫هَح‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬476٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝحإلٗخٍس‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٍٝ‫طيح‬541ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ز‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬َٔ‫حُٔظل‬ٖ٤‫ُِٔخىط‬ ً‫ال‬‫اػٔخ‬ ‫ُِٜٔخٍ٣ق‬
478ٝ479.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
220
ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ه٠٤ش‬‫ٓل٠َح‬ٚ‫٣ِو‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ْٛ‫أ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ؿخء‬٢‫ك‬‫أؿٞرش‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬
‫ٝطَٜ٣لخص‬،‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ًٌَ٣ٝٚ٤‫ك‬ٍ‫رخهظٜخ‬َ‫حُٔٔخث‬‫حُؼخٍٟش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫هي‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٗ٘ؤص‬‫أػ٘خء‬
‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َ٤٘٣ٝٚ٤‫ك‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔطخُذ‬ْٔ‫حُِٔظ‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔؼخٍس‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ َ‫ٝٝٓخث‬ ‫حَُٔحكؼخص‬ ٝ ‫طٔـ٤ِٜخ‬
ْٜ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ َ‫هز‬‫ٝٓخ‬‫آُض‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫طِي‬،‫حُٔطخُذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠٣ٝ
.‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬ًَْٖٓ٤‫حَُث‬‫ًٝخطذ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖٓ ‫٣طِزٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ْٜ‫ىكخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
.ُٚ‫اؿلخ‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ٖ٤ٔ٠‫ٝط‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ؿِء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٠‫حُٔل‬ ‫رظالٝس‬
َٝ‫٣لظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬َ٤ُٔ‫ؿِٔخص‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫هي‬‫حٓظٌِٔض‬‫ٝال‬
٢‫طٔو‬ٌٙٛ‫حُوَ٣٘ش‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ٍٝى‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫طٔـ‬‫ًُي‬
‫ٓخ‬.‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫طِي‬ ٍ‫حٓظٌٔخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫٣ٔظ٘ظؾ‬
221
‫اًح‬ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫رؼي‬‫حإلكخُش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ً‫ال‬ٍ‫رخُلَح‬‫رؼي‬ٞ‫حُوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ُْٝ‫٣ٔظـذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬
ٍٞ‫رخُٔؼ‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬ٖٓٚ‫١َك‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫أَٓح‬
‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬.‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬
ٚ٘٣‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬،ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫ٝاال‬
‫ك٤َٜف‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬ٙ‫ػخ‬‫ٝ٣ٞهق‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ِٓحُٝش‬ٚ‫كوٞه‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬َ‫ٝطؼو‬ًٚ‫أٓال‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ٓيس‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫حُـ٤خر‬‫ٝ٣ٔ٘غ‬ٖٓ‫ٍكغ‬‫أ٣ش‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫١٤ِش‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٔيس‬‫ٝ٣َٜف‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬ًْ‫ٓ٤لخ‬ْ‫ٍؿ‬
ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٞؿي‬.ٚ٤‫ك‬
َ٤٘٣‫ٌٛح‬،َٓ‫حأل‬‫ُ٣خىس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬،ّ‫طوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ٝأٝٛخك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٝٛق‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬
ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ‫رٜخ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
222
‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓؼَكش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٌٖٔٓ َ‫آه‬ ‫رزخد‬ ‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫٣ؼِن‬
٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُيحثَس‬ ‫حُٔوِٗ٤ش‬ ‫حألٓالى‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ََٓ‫ٝط‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫رزخد‬ ،ٌُٖٔٔ‫ح‬

145. -256-
‫حألٓال‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٌُٖٔٔ‫ح‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓؼَكش‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٌٖٔٓ َ‫آه‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُٔوِٗ٤ش‬ ‫ى‬
.‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫ط٘ؼوي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬
223
‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٢ُ‫حُظخ‬ ٕ‫حإلػال‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫َٓحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ ‫٣ٌحع‬ ،ّ‫طوي‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػالٝس‬
;‫حُٞ١٘٤ش‬ ‫حإلًحػش‬
»‫د‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬-…‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫أ‬
‫ٟي‬ ‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬»‫د‬ َ٤‫حأله‬ ٌٚ٘ٔٓ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ )‫(حُٜٞ٣ش‬ ٕ‫كال‬-…‫د‬ ْٜ‫ٝحُٔظ‬-…
»٢ٛ ٕ‫كال‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ٝأٝٛخف‬…«.
».‫َٗ١٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫كخال‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕ‫كال‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
»ْ‫ٗل‬ ‫رٌُي‬ ِْ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ‫٣ؼَف‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ْ‫ٝ٣ظلظ‬
».‫حُِٔطخص‬«
224
‫ح‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿخء‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫إلػال‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫حُؼٔخٗ٤ش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ ْٜ‫ُٔظ‬
.ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٕٝ‫ري‬ ٚ‫ٓلخًٔظ‬ َٗ‫طزخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٣ٌُٝ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬ ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬ ،‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ َ٠‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٓطِوخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ٍَ‫حُٔز‬ ‫حألٓزخد‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼَٟٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أٛيهخث‬.ٚ‫ُـ٤خر‬ ‫س‬
225
‫اًح‬‫هزِض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٌٍ‫حُؼ‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬‫كبٜٗخ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ربٍؿخء‬‫ٓلخًٔش‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫ًٔخ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬
‫رَكغ‬َ‫حُؼو‬ٖ‫ػ‬ًٚ‫أٓال‬َ‫ألؿ‬.ٙ‫طليى‬
226
َٓ‫ٝحأل‬ ‫رخإلكخُش‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫رخُـِٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ِٞ‫٣ظ‬ ،َ‫٣وز‬ ُْٝ ّ‫هي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌٍ‫ػ‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
.‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬
‫طٔظٔغ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫رؼي‬‫طالٝس‬‫ٓخ‬ّ‫طوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُطَف‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫١َكخ‬٢‫ك‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬
‫حُظٔخٓخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫أكي‬ ٍ‫اؿلخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬554ٝ555،ٙ‫أػال‬
‫طَٜف‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫رزطال‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬َٓ‫ٝطؤ‬‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ربػخىطٜخ‬ٖٓ‫حإلؿَحء‬‫اؿلخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬.ُٚ
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬،‫ٛل٤لش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫رظض‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظٜٔش‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوٞم‬
.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬

146. -257-
227
َ‫حُؼو‬ ‫١٤ِش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ،َ‫حُؼو‬ ‫طلض‬ ٠‫طزو‬ ًٚ‫أٓال‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫ربىحٗش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫اًح‬
ُٚٞٛ‫ٝأل‬ ٚ‫ُِٝؿ‬ ‫ٗلوخص‬ َٝ‫ك‬ٚ‫ٝكَٝػ‬ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٗلوظ‬ ‫طـذ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٌَُٝ
.‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُ٘وٜ٤ش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ٓيٝٗش‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬
َٝ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬‫كٔخد‬َ‫حُؼو‬٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫اًح‬ٍ‫ُح‬
.‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫طوخىٓض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٙٞ٠‫رل‬ ٢‫حُـ٤خر‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ‫أػ‬
.ً‫خ‬ٌٔ‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كو٤وش‬ ٚ‫ٓٞط‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٚ‫كوٞه‬ ١ًٝ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُلٔخد‬ َٝ‫ٝ٣ؼ‬
232
َ٘٘٣٢‫ك‬‫أهَد‬َ‫أؿ‬‫رخُـَ٣يس‬٤َُٔٓ‫ح‬‫ش‬ٖٓ ٠‫رٔٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٚ‫ِٓو‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
،‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬‫ًٔخ‬‫٣ؼِن‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫ٝ٣زِؾ‬‫إلىحٍس‬‫حألٓالى‬‫حُٔوِٗ٤ش‬‫١زوخ‬
‫ُِٔخىس‬555ٙ‫أػال‬.
‫رؼي‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ً‫خ‬٣ٍ‫ٓخ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٚ٘٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظـَ٣ي‬ ‫٣ٜزق‬ ،َ٤‫حُظيحر‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
232
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬‫اال‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٖٓٝ‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬
‫٣ظؼِن‬.ٚ‫رلوٞه‬
230
‫ال‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬٢‫ك‬١‫أ‬ٍ‫كخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫أكي‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ؿ٤خد‬‫ا٣وخف‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫طؤؿ‬
‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٖٓ ٖ٣َٟ‫حُلخ‬ ‫كن‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫حُٔٞىػش‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٖ٣َٟ‫حُلخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ُـَكش‬
‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ‫طوي٣ٜٔخ‬ ١َ٘‫ر‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ‫طِي‬ ‫رَى‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫حهظ٘خع‬ ‫أىٝحص‬ ‫رٜلظٜخ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬
.‫ًُي‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٠٠‫حهظ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٝ٣٠غ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬َ‫هز‬‫حَُى‬‫ٓل٠َح‬‫٣ٜق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬.‫حُِٔٔٔش‬
231
‫اًح‬ُِْٓٔ‫ح‬ٌّٞ‫ل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬،ٖ‫ُِٔـ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٞ‫هز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ‫هز‬١ٞ‫ٓو‬ٚ‫ػوٞرظ‬،ّ‫رخُظوخى‬
‫٣وغ‬ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬554.ٙ‫أػال‬
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫اًح‬٢‫أُو‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬،‫حُٜخٍد‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫هي‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬،ٖ‫ُ٤ٔـ‬َ‫هز‬
ٍٝ‫ٛي‬َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬‫ٝرؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫هَح‬.‫حإلكخُش‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُلخُش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬،ٙ‫أػال‬٢‫٣ٔو‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫ٝحإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔظوٌس‬ٌَ٘ٓٓ‫حأل‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬.‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬

147. -258-
‫اًح‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٖٓ١ٍَٝ٠ُ‫ح‬‫اؿَحء‬‫طلو٤ن‬،٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ٚ‫ر‬ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬‫ؿَكش‬
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٖٟٔ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬54:ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ.
‫اًح‬٠‫حىػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫حُـ٤خر‬‫ال‬‫٣ظؼِن‬،ٚ‫ر‬ٌ‫طظو‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫كٔزٔخ‬‫ٍٝى‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬
6:3٠ُ‫ا‬6:6.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫اًح‬‫ُٔزذ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ٖٓ‫حألٓزخد‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٍ‫هال‬،‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫طِ٤ض‬‫رخُـِٔش‬
ْٜ‫ٜٗخىحط‬،‫حٌُٔظٞرش‬‫ًٔخ‬٠ِ‫طظ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫حألؿٞرش‬‫حٌُٔظٞرش‬٢‫ُزخه‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔظخرؼ‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬
‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣َؿغ‬‫ُزو٤ش‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٢‫حُظ‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫أٜٗخ‬‫ٛخُلش‬ٍ‫إلظٜخ‬
.‫حُلو٤وش‬
232
‫اًح‬َ٠‫ك‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬ٌْ‫ٝك‬ٖٓٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ‫ؿي٣ي‬،ٚ‫اػلخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك٤ل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫رخُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُٔظَطزش‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔلخًٔش‬،‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ‫طؼل‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٖٓ.‫ًُي‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِـَكش‬‫ًٌُي‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫هَحٍٛخ‬ ‫رظؼِ٤ن‬
555.ٙ‫أػال‬
233
‫اًح‬َُْ٠‫٣ل‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حُٔظخرغ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫َٓطزطش‬‫رـ٘خ٣ش‬‫رؼي‬
ٚ‫حٓظيػخث‬‫رٜلش‬،‫ٛل٤لش‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫كٔذ‬ ًْ‫٣لخ‬‫حُوٞحػي‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔطزوش‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ٗٞع‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫طزؼ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٝ٣ٞٛق‬314.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
234
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ،‫رـ٘لش‬ ّ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ططزن‬392
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
235
‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ُِٝٔٔئ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫ٝحُٔطخُذ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِٝ٘٤خرش‬ ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَف‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ َٛٞ‫حُـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزخطش‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬493‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٝحُلوَس‬512.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ّ‫٣وي‬‫حُلوَحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حٌُ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫ٝكن‬3ٝ4ٝ5‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ4::
.ٙ‫أػال‬

148. -259-
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٍٙ‫ٝآػخ‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٍ‫آؿخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬511ٝ512ٝ514ٝ515
ٝ517ٝ519ٝ51:ٝ521ٝ522ٝ523.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزخطش‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ ٢ٛٝ ،‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬
‫حُزض‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬ ُْٜ ‫٣ٔزن‬ ُْ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ‫ٝأٍرؼش‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌِٓ٘ش‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٖٓ
.ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝٓٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ،‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ‫طٌِ٘ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣٠خف‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ528.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫هالكخ‬‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬،‫حُٔخُلش‬ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫٣ظَأ‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬
‫ؿَكش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُإلؿَحءحص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫ٝطزض‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬528ٝ529ٖٓٝ531٠ُ‫ا‬553.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
ٚ‫ٓيط‬ ً‫ال‬‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ُٚ ٕ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬ ،ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫طالٝس‬ ‫رؼي‬
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫ُِطؼ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬

149. -25:-
‫ا‬ ‫انمٕاػذ‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انكزبة‬‫ثبألحذاس‬ ‫نخبصخ‬
236
.‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٕ‫ػٔخ‬ ‫رزِٞؽ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ظليى‬
‫حُليع‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ٚ‫رِٞؿ‬ٖٓ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٢‫حػ٘ظ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٍٝ‫ٓٔئ‬‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬ّ‫الٗؼيح‬.ِٙ٤٤ٔ‫ط‬
َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫حُليع‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ٖٓ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٢‫حػ٘ظ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ٚ‫رِٞؿ‬‫ػَ٘س‬ ٕ‫ػٔخ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫ٓٔئٝال‬‫ٓٔئُٝ٤ش‬‫ٗخهٜش‬‫رٔزذ‬ّ‫ػي‬ٍ‫حًظٔخ‬.ِٙ٤٤ٔ‫ط‬
237
َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫ُظلي٣ي‬‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ‫حُـخٗق‬ ٖٓ ،٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ّٞ٣‫حٍطٌخد‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫اًح‬ُْ‫طٞؿي‬‫ٜٗخىس‬‫طؼزض‬‫حُلخُش‬،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٝٝهغ‬‫هالف‬٢‫ك‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬،‫حُٞالىس‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫حَُٔكٞػش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٍ‫طوي‬ُٖٔ‫ح‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ٚ‫كل‬٢‫١ز‬‫ٝرـٔ٤غ‬‫حُظلَ٣خص‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫طَحٛخ‬،ٍ‫ٝطٜي‬ ‫ٓل٤يس‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ّ‫رؼي‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ،ٍ‫حُلخ‬.ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬
242
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ّ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ،ٌٖٔ٣581‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ُ٠خر‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫ال‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ٜٚ‫ٓو‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َّ‫حُـ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞد‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ‫٣لظلع‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬
‫طظـ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣.ٚ‫ا٣ٌحث‬ ١‫ُظلخى‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ًَ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ٝػ‬ .‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ُٝ‫خ‬
‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٍػخ٣ظ‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ ُٖٔ ‫حُليع‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حإلؿَحء‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ َٔ‫٣ؼ‬ ‫ال‬
.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ‫ٝرؼي‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬
‫أ‬ ،‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫حُزلغ‬ ‫كظَس‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ربه٠خع‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬582‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬
َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫أال‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزلغ‬
.ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٢ُٝ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ًخكش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫٣ـذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٛٝ
‫ٝكوخ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،ٌ‫حُٔظو‬ ‫رخإلؿَحء‬ ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼٜٞى‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬78.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٤‫حُلخُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظٜذ‬ ٢ٓ‫ُِٝٔلخ‬ ‫ُٜئالء‬ ‫ٝ٣لن‬
‫حُٔخ‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُؼخُؼش‬ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ًٕ‫رب‬ ،‫ىس‬
‫حُزلغ‬ ‫حٗو٠خء‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫ٍحؽ‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٍ‫اهزخ‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٔ٘غ‬ .‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
.١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬

150. -261-
‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ ‫كن‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫َٓ٣ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ْ‫طظ‬
.‫حُٔخروش‬
242
َ٤‫طل‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫حُليع‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣َطٌذ‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬
‫اًح‬‫ٝؿي‬‫ٓغ‬‫حُليع‬ٕٞٔٛ‫ٓٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ًٍٕٞ‫ٓ٘خ‬،‫ٍٗيحء‬‫ٝؿذ‬َٜ‫ك‬ْٜ‫ه٠٤ظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬
‫حُٔظؼِوش‬،‫رخُليع‬ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ِٓلخ‬‫هخٛخ‬ِٚ٤‫طل‬ ‫ُِليع‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ًٌُٝي‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ٤ُٝٝ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ٝحكن‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫ؿ٘لش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُِٜق‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ،٢َٓ‫حُـ‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ ‫ٟل٤ش‬52‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
َٛٞ‫ؿ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ َ‫ٝهز‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ‫رؼي‬ ،ْٔ‫طِظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬
‫حُؼ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ َ٤ٓ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬.ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٓلذ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٔٞٓ٤ش‬
‫ظَٜص‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٓٞحِٛش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
.َ‫آه‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫رخُظوخى‬ ‫ٓوطض‬ ‫هي‬ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ْٔ‫ط‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
24055
ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫هخٛش‬ ٜٙٞٗ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ٞ‫ُزؼ‬ ‫حُٔوُٞش‬ ‫حالهظٜخٛخص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬
;٢ٛ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬
2-;‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬
‫حألكيحع؛‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ )‫أ‬
‫ُألكيحع؛‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ )‫د‬
.‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ )‫ؽ‬
3-;‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬
ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ )‫أ‬‫رخألكيحع؛‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬
‫ُألكيحع؛‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ )‫د‬
55-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬573٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

151. -262-
‫ُألكيحع؛‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ )‫ؽ‬
‫ُألكيحع؛‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ )‫ى‬
.‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ )ٙ
‫ٌِٓق‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ٌٙٛ ّ‫٣َأ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬
٤٠‫ٓوظ‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ٌٙٛ ‫طٌ٘٤ِش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٠‫طَحػ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫خص‬3:8.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ٓئهظش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ًِق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٗظيد‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ١‫أل‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬ ٙ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٍّ‫ٓخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُٚ ‫ٓزن‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣٘خٍى‬ ٕ‫أ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ُو٠خس‬.‫ٟٓٞٞػٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ُْٜ ‫ٓزن‬ ‫ه٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣٘خًٍٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬
241
ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫أكيحع‬ ‫٣َطٌزٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬
َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬‫حُٔ٘ظٜذ‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَطٜخ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬
.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫ٝ٣ٔخٍٜٓخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ٍٞ‫٣و‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫إلى‬‫حٍحص‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬،‫َٓطٌزٜخ‬
‫ُٔٔخٍٓش‬ ‫ٝكيٛخ‬ ‫ٓئِٛش‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬‫حٓظ٘خىح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٌٗخ٣ش‬‫ٓخروش‬‫طويٜٓخ‬‫حإلىحٍس‬
٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٜٜٔخ‬.َٓ‫حأل‬
.٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ‫كيع‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
242
ٍَ٠‫ٓظ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫رخُلن‬ ‫٣طخُذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ُْ ‫ُليع‬ ‫حهظَحكٜخ‬ ‫٣٘ٔذ‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٖٓ
َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣زِؾ‬29.‫ٓ٘ش‬
243
ّ‫طوخ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٟي‬‫حُليع‬‫ٓغ‬ٍ‫اىهخ‬ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ٓي‬
ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ّ‫ٝأٓخ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫ٝأٓخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬
٣‫حُـ٘خ‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫ٝأٓخ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫خص‬
.‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬
‫اًح‬ْٜ‫حط‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫حُٞحكيس‬ٕٜٞٔ‫ٓظ‬‫ٍٗيحء‬َٕٝ‫ٝآه‬‫أكيحع‬َٜ‫ك‬ ‫ٝرؼي‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬٢‫ك‬
‫كن‬‫ٛئالء‬ٖ٣َ٤‫حأله‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬572ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٔخٍٜٓخ‬
ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬‫ٟي‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬‫طَكغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ؼٜي‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫رٔلخًٔش‬،‫حَُٗيحء‬
٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُلخُش‬‫ال‬َ٠‫٣ل‬‫حألكيحع‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬َ٠‫ٝ٣ل‬‫ٗ٤خرش‬ْٜ٘‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـِٔش‬ِْٜ‫ٓٔؼ‬
.٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣ئؿ‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زض‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬.‫حألكيحع‬

152. -263-
244
‫٣ٔ٘غ‬َٖ٘ٗ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ‫أ٣ش‬‫ؿِٔخص‬‫حُٜ٤جخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬٢‫ك‬‫حٌُظذ‬‫ٝحُٜلخكش‬
‫ٝحإلًحػش‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬‫١َ٣ن‬ٍُٜٞ‫ح‬‫ٝحُٔ٤٘ٔخ‬‫ٝحُظِلِس‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬،َٟ‫أه‬ًٝ‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫٣ٔ٘غ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٘٘٣
ْ‫ر٘ل‬‫حُطَم‬ًَٚٗ‫ٍٛٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍْٓ ٝ‫أ‬‫طظؼِن‬‫رٜٞ٣ش‬‫ٝٗوٜ٤ش‬‫حألكيحع‬.ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ٜٙٞٗ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طَى‬ ‫هي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حألٗي‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرخص‬ ٍ‫حإلهال‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬‫ٓوخُلش‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫رـَحٓش‬‫٣ظَحٝف‬‫ٓزِـٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬21.111ٝ61.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُؼٞى‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬‫حرظيحء‬ٍٖٓٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬
،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ٌٖٔ٣ٌْ‫حُل‬ْ‫رخُلز‬‫ُٔيس‬‫طظَحٝف‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ٖ٣َٜٗ.ٖ٤‫ٝٓ٘ظ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫رٔ٘غ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬‫طٞه٤ق‬ ٝ‫أ‬َُ٘٘‫ح‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حٍطٌزض‬
‫رٞحٓطظٜخ‬‫حُٔوخُلش‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬.‫٣ٞٓخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜٞط٤ش‬ ‫حألَٗ١ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔطزٞػخص‬ ‫اطالف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜٔخىٍس‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫أ٣٠خ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػَٟٜخ‬ ‫طٔ٘غ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ؿِء‬ ‫رلٌف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ؿِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ًِ َُ٘٘‫ح‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿ٤َٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٍُٜٔٞس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طُٞ٣ؼٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ر٤ؼٜخ‬.‫طيحُٜٝخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رؼٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫اًحػظٜخ‬
َ٘ٗ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬َٖٓ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ْٓ‫ح‬‫حُليع‬ُٞٝ‫رخألكَف‬ٚٔٓ‫ال‬ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬
،ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُظؼَ٣ق‬ ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫اٗخٍحص‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍّٞٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞٛ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٝاال‬‫ػٞهذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫ًُي‬‫رـَحٓش‬‫٣ظَحٝف‬‫ٓزِـٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬2.311ٝ4.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
ً‫َٓح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤ُٝ‫ُِٔٔئ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ٞ‫رؼ‬ َُ٘٘ ّ‫حإلػال‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬ ،‫حُطلُٞش‬ ‫كٔخ٣ش‬ ِ
‫رؼي‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬ َ٤ٜٔ‫ط‬ ‫هٜي‬ ٚ‫رؤَٓط‬ ٚ‫ِٛظ‬ ‫حٗوطؼض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫رخُليع‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬
.‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ًٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫أه‬
‫االثزذائٛخ‬ ‫انًحبكى‬ ٖ‫نذ‬ ‫األحذاس‬ ٙ‫لبض‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
245
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ٝ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أًؼ‬ٖٓ‫ه٠خس‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ّ‫رٜٔخ‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫ُٔيس‬ ‫حألكيحع‬‫ػالع‬
‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫هخرِش‬‫ُِظـي٣ي‬‫رٔٞؿذ‬ٍ‫هَح‬َ٣ٍُُٞ‫حُؼي‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حهظَحف‬ٖٓ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬
.‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫كيٝع‬‫ػخثن‬‫٣ٔ٘غ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ّٖٓ‫حُو٤خ‬،ٚٓ‫رٜٔخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫٣ٌِق‬
ٖٓ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ٚٓ‫ٓوخ‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٓئهظش‬‫رؼي‬َ٤ًٝ ‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬.‫حُِٔي‬
،‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫٣ٌِق‬‫رٜلش‬،‫هخٛش‬ً‫خ‬٤ٟ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػيس‬‫ه٠خس‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رخُو٠خ٣خ‬
‫حُٔظؼِوش‬.‫رخألكيحع‬

153. -264-
246
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ،‫رخُزض‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٚ‫٣وظ‬486٠ُ‫ا‬
493‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔخىٓش‬ ‫ٝحُلوَس‬495٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ ‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
.‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٕ‫ٝػٔخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٢‫حػ٘ظ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫ٓخ‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُزخُؾ‬ ‫حُليع‬
٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫حُٔوخُلش‬ ‫ػزٞص‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُليع‬ ‫طٞر٤ن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫آخ‬ َٜ‫٣وظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
.ً‫خ‬ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٣ٞ‫ألر‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٟٞٓ ،َٙٔ‫ػ‬ ٖٓ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬ ُْ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ‫ال‬
‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼٜٞى‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬
.ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬
247
ٌٕٞ٣‫حالهظ‬ٙ‫ٜخ‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬،ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬ٝ‫أ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٞؿي‬ٖٟٔ‫ىحثَس‬ًٙٞ‫ٗل‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اهخٓش‬‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٛٝٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫ػؼ‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ىحثَط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫حُليع‬
ٌٕٞ٣ٝ‫ًٌُي‬٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫أٝىع‬ٚ‫ر‬‫حُليع‬‫آخ‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٓئهظش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رٜلش‬.‫ٜٗخث٤ش‬
25256
٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ل٤ِٜخ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ،‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫ٍَٟٝس‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ططزن‬
‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،١‫حإلػيحى‬ ‫رخُظلو٤ن‬‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫٠٤خص‬
.‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫رخُوٞحػي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٕ‫كب‬ ‫رٔوخُلش‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٢‫طٔظيػ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حُـ٘لش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬
.‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططزن‬ ‫رٔوخُلش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬579.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ط‬ ‫اًح‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫رـ٘لش‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫ؼِن‬582‫ػ٘ي‬ ٙ‫رؼي‬
.‫حالهظ٠خء‬
ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ ٢ٛٝ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طزض‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬586ٝ587
ٖٓ ٝ589٠ُ‫ا‬595‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
56-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬581٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

154. -265-
252
َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُٞحكي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٙ‫رٔوظ٠خ‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
;ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ٖٓ
2-٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ِٚ‫ًخك‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫ٗو‬
َ٣‫ؿي‬‫رخُؼوش؛‬
3-٠ُ‫ا‬ًَِٓ‫ُِٔالكظش؛‬
4-ُ‫ا‬٠ْٔ‫ه‬‫حإل٣ٞحء‬‫رٔئٓٔش‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫هٜٞٛ٤ش‬‫ٓؼيس‬ٌُٜٙ‫حُـخ٣ش؛‬
5-‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٌِٓلش‬‫رَػخ٣ش‬‫حُطلُٞش‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬
‫ٛل٤ش‬ٚ‫رخأله‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬‫ٓؼخُـش‬‫حُليع‬ٖٓ‫حُظْٔٔ؛‬
6-٠ُ‫ا‬ٟ‫اكي‬‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔؼخٛي‬‫حُٔؼيس‬‫حُيٍحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِظَر٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٣ٌٞ‫حُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ُِٔؼخُـش‬‫حُظخرؼش‬‫ُِيُٝش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫إلىحٍس‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٓئِٛش‬ٌُٜٙ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫هٜٞٛ٤ش‬‫ٓوزُٞش‬
ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬‫حُٜٔٔش؛‬
7-.‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ‫ٓئِٛش‬ ‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٓ٘لؼش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ؿٔؼ٤ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
‫اًح‬ٟ‫ٍأ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٕ‫أ‬‫كخُش‬‫حُليع‬‫حُٜل٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُ٘لٔخٗ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ًِّٚٞٓ‫حُؼخ‬‫طٔظٞؿذ‬
‫كلٜخ‬،‫ػٔ٤وخ‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٤‫ك‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٚ‫رب٣يحػ‬‫ٓئهظخ‬‫ُٔيس‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬ًَِٔ‫ر‬ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬َٛ‫ٓئ‬
.‫ٌُُي‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ َٗ‫طزخ‬‫حُٔخروش‬‫طلض‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬.‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬
ٌٙٛ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫حُٔئهظش‬ْ‫ٍؿ‬ًَ‫هخرِش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ ٖ‫١ؼ‬‫ىحثٔخ‬.‫ُإلُـخء‬
250
ٌٕٞ٣َٓ‫حأل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣زض‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔئهظش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫هخرال‬‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬
،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِوٞحػي‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ٌٖٔ٣ٖٝ‫حُطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ٖٓ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫١َف‬
‫ٝحُليع‬.ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫٣َكغ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫أٓخ‬ٌ‫رٔل‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬‫ٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
251
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٞىع‬‫رٔئٓٔش‬‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬‫حُليع‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ُْ‫٣زِؾ‬23‫ٓ٘ش‬ُٞٝ ،‫ًخِٓش‬‫رٜلش‬،‫ٓئهظش‬
‫ٜٝٓٔخ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٗٞع‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٞىع‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬،‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬ُٞٝ‫رٜلش‬،‫ٓئهظش‬‫حُليع‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ظَحٝف‬َٙٔ‫ػ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬
23ٝ29‫ٓ٘ش‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حُظير‬١ٍَٟٝٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬ً‫حطوخ‬١‫أ‬َ٤‫طير‬،َ‫آه‬٢‫ٝك‬
ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬‫٣لظلع‬‫رخُليع‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿ٘خف‬،ٙ‫هخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫ػي‬،ٙ‫ٝؿٞى‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍِٝ‫ٓؼ‬ ٙ‫هخ‬
.‫حَُٗيحء‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ًٖ‫أٓخ‬
٠‫٣زو‬‫حُليع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٗلَحى‬‫أػ٘خء‬َ٤ُِ‫ح‬‫كٔذ‬.ٕ‫حإلٌٓخ‬

155. -266-
ًِ‫رخَُٔح‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔٞىػ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رظلوي‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬
ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫ٝحُٔئٓٔخص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬582ٝ592.َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
252
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬‫رلغ‬
‫ُظلي٣ي‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫حُٞحؿذ‬‫حطوخًٛخ‬ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬‫كٔخ٣ش‬‫حُليع‬،ًٙ‫ٝاٗوخ‬٠‫ٝ٣ظِو‬‫رٞحٓطش‬‫رلغ‬٢‫حؿظٔخػ‬
‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫كخُش‬ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬‫حُٔخى٣ش‬‫ٝحُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ٚ‫ٝٓٞحرو‬ ٚ‫١زؼ‬ ٖ‫ٝػ‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬ٚ‫ٓٞحظزظ‬‫رخُٔيٍٓش‬
ٚ‫ٝٓ٤َط‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬ًِٚٞٓ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬ٚ‫ٍكوخث‬ٖ‫ٝػ‬‫حُظَٝف‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٕ‫ػخ‬٠‫ٝطِو‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
.ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬
ٝ .٢ٗ‫ٗلٔخ‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ِ‫ػو‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫١ز‬ ٚ‫كل‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٠٠‫حهظ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬
‫ػ٘ي‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُٔل٤يس‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬.
،‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ٍػ٤خ‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬،‫حُليع‬‫أال‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬١‫رؤ‬َ٤‫طير‬َٖٓ٤‫حُظيحر‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬‫ٝحُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٙ‫أػال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أال‬ٌ‫٣ظو‬َٟٞٓ٤‫طير‬‫ٝحكي‬.‫ٜٓ٘خ‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔ٘ي‬َٓ‫أ‬‫حُزلغ‬٢‫حالؿظٔخػ‬ٕٝ‫رخُ٘ئ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حإلىحٍس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـٔؼ٤خص‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ِٛ‫حُٔئ‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤خص‬ ‫حُٔٔخػيحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٌُٜٙ.‫حُـخ٣ش‬
253
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖٟ‫حُلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫حٌُخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٣ٞ‫حألر‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬
‫حُليع‬ ‫رَػخ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼَٝك‬ٚ٣‫ُي‬‫ربؿَحء‬.‫حُٔظخرؼخص‬
‫اًح‬ُْ‫حُليع‬ َ‫٣وظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬،‫ٓلخٓ٤خ‬ٚ٘٤‫ك٤ؼ‬ُٚ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٞ‫٣يػ‬
‫ٗو٤ذ‬ٖ٤ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬.ٚ٘٤٤‫ُظؼ‬
254
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُليع‬‫ٓظخرؼخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ‫ٗل‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫ٝك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ٓغ‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫ٓظ‬،‫ٍٗيحء‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬‫هي‬
ْ‫ط‬َٜ‫ك‬‫ه٠٤ش‬‫حَُٗيحء‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رخُليع‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬572،ٙ‫أػال‬َ‫ك٤ئؿ‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬
‫كن‬‫حُليع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ َِ‫ٓؼ‬ ٍ‫روَح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٍٝ‫٣ظؼخ‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫حَُٗيحء‬
.‫حُليع‬
25657
‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬‫رـِٔش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬،‫َٓ٣ش‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٠‫٣ل‬‫حُليع‬
‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬‫ٝٓٔخػيح‬ٚ٤ٓ‫رٔلخ‬ِٚ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ٖٓ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طؼق‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
.ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬
57-‫حُزخد‬ ٕ‫ػ٘ٞح‬ ‫كٌف‬ ْ‫ط‬‫ٝحُٔخىس‬ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬588ٖٓ ‫حُوخٓٔش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬47.21.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

156. -267-
‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔٞحى‬3:8‫ا‬٠ُ483ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬587٠ُ‫ا‬
595.
‫اًح‬‫طـ٤ذ‬‫حُليع‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬‫رؼيٓخ‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬‫رٜلش‬،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٍَُْٝ‫٣ز‬ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬
١‫رؤ‬ٌٍ‫ػ‬،ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٝ٣ٞٛق‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ك٤زض‬425.ٙ‫أػال‬
257
ٌْ‫٣ل‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ه٠٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫كيس‬َٖٓ٤‫ؿ‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬٢‫رخه‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬.ٖ٤‫حُٔظخرؼ‬
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬‫حُزلغ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍٞ٠‫ُِل‬‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫اال‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ٝح‬ ‫ٝحألهخٍد‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬
،ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِليع‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ‫حُٔٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖٟ‫حُلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫حٌُخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬
‫ٝأػ٠خء‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٕٞ‫ٝحُٔ٘يٝر‬ ‫حُٔلخٓخس‬ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ّ‫ر٘ظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬‫ٝحُو٠خس‬‫ٝحُطَف‬
٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫هي‬ّ‫٣ظوي‬ٚ‫رٔطخُز‬.‫رخُـِٔش‬
‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًِ٤خ‬ ‫ٝحُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُليع‬ ‫رخٗٔلخد‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬
‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٍَ‫طو‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ َٙ٠‫رٔل‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٝطٜي‬ ،‫ؿِث٤خ‬58
.
26259
.ٚ‫رزَحءط‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫َٛكض‬ ،‫حُليع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ط٘ٔذ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬
‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ططزن‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ٢٠‫طوظ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،
‫حُٔٞحى‬621٠ُ‫ا‬628ٙ‫رؼي‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬;
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٖٓ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫ُٜخ‬‫ٛلش‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ٝأٜٗخ‬‫ط٘ٔذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬،‫حُليع‬ٕ‫كب‬ٌٔ‫حُٔل‬‫ش‬
;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌ‫طظو‬
1-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُليع‬ َٔ‫ػ‬َ‫٣و‬ٖ‫ػ‬23‫ٓ٘ش‬،‫ًخِٓش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٜٚ‫ط٘ز‬‫رؼي‬ ِٚٔٔ‫ٝط‬‫ًُي‬
ٚ٣ٞ‫ألر‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬.ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُليع‬‫ٜٓٔال‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٙ‫أرٞح‬ٝ‫أ‬ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫ال‬ ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬َٕٝ‫٣ظٞك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٜلخص‬‫حألهاله٤ش‬‫كبٜٗخ‬ ،‫حُٔطِٞرش‬
ِٚٔٔ‫ط‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫ٗو‬َ٣‫ؿي‬‫رخُؼوش‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬ٚ‫َٓه‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬ .‫ُٜخ‬،َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
،‫ًُي‬‫رٟٞغ‬‫حُليع‬‫طلض‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬،‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬‫آخ‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٓئهظش‬‫ُلظَس‬ٍ‫حهظزخ‬‫ٝحكيس‬ٝ‫أ‬
َ‫أًؼ‬‫طليى‬،‫ٓيطٜخ‬‫ٝآخ‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٜٗخث٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣زِؾ‬‫ٓ٘خ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬29.‫ٓ٘ش‬
2-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُليع‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬َٙٔ‫ػ‬23،‫ٓ٘ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طزن‬ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬‫آخ‬َ٤‫طير‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أًؼ‬ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫ر‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬592ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬ٟ‫اكي‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬
‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬593،ٝ‫أ‬ٌٙٛ ٌَٔ‫ط‬ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٞحكي‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬
58-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬58:٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.
59-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬591٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُٔ‫ح‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫خىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

157. -268-
‫حهظٜخٜٛخ‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ً‫خ‬ٌٔ‫ك‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ‫كبٜٗخ‬ ،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٛزـش‬ ٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ‫رخُٔـ‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝطزض‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬584.ٙ‫أػال‬
ٌ‫ط‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫اًح‬،‫حُٔ٘لَى‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ ‫ٛزـش‬ ٢ٔ‫ظ‬
.‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫طل٤ِٜخ‬ ‫كبٜٗخ‬
262
‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣60
ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝحكيح‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ‫طظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬َ٤‫طيحر‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬
;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
2-ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫حُليع‬ٚ٣ٞ‫ألر‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫ُِٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُِٛٞٝ‫أ‬ٟٚ٘‫ُلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ٌُخك‬ٚ‫ُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫رَػخ٣ظٚ؛‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُؼوش‬ َ٣‫ؿي‬
3-ٚ‫اه٠خػ‬ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش؛‬
4-ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓؼٜي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫هخٛش‬‫ُِظَر٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٣ٌٞ‫حُظ‬٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ٝٓؼيس‬ٌُٜٙ
‫حُـخ٣ش؛‬
5-‫طلض‬ ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫ٍػخ٣ش‬‫ٌِٓلش‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫رخُٔٔخػيس؛‬
6-ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬ْٔ‫رو‬٢ِ‫ىحه‬‫ٛخُق‬‫إل‬‫٣ٞحء‬ٖ٤‫ؿخٗل‬‫أكيحع‬‫ال‬ُٕٞ‫٣ِح‬٢‫ك‬ٖٓ‫حُيٍحٓش؛‬
7-ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬‫رٔئٓٔش‬‫ٓؼيس‬‫ُِؼالؽ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُِظَر٤ش‬‫حُٜل٤ش؛‬
8-ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رِٜٔلش‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٓؼيس‬‫ُِظَر٤ش‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُِظَر٤ش‬.‫حإلٛالك٤ش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌ‫طظو‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٙ‫أػال‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ال‬ ‫ٓؼ٤٘ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬
ُٝ‫طظـخ‬‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣زِؾ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َٔ‫ػ‬‫حُليع‬‫ػَ٘س‬ ٕ‫ػٔخ‬‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬.‫ًخِٓش‬
26061
ٌٖٔ٣‫رٜلش‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٝٞ‫طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌَٔ‫ط‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬
‫رؼوٞرش‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬‫كزٔ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓخُ٤ش‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬‫ُألكيحع‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫طظَحٝف‬ٍْٛ‫أػٔخ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬23ٝ29،‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ًُي‬١ٍََٟٝ‫ٗظ‬‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُظَٝف‬‫ُ٘وٜ٤ش‬‫حُليع‬١َ٘‫ٝر‬ ،‫حُـخٗق‬ٕ‫أ‬َِ‫طؼ‬
‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬ٜٙٞ‫رو‬ٌٙٛ.‫حُ٘وطش‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُلخُش‬ٞ‫٣ول‬٠ٜ‫حأله‬ ٕ‫حُليح‬٠ٗ‫ٝحألى‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬.‫حُٜ٘ق‬
‫رؼوٞرش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫كٌٔض‬ ‫اًح‬‫كزٔ٤ش‬‫اٟخكش‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬592،ٙ‫أػال‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ٌ‫ط٘ل‬،‫رخألٓزو٤ش‬٢‫ٝك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ػوٞرش‬
‫ال‬ ْ‫حُلز‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ػالؽ‬ ‫طوطغ‬.ٚٗٝ‫ى‬ ٍٞ‫طل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬
60-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬592٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.
61-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬593٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

158. -269-
261
‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٌٖٔ٣62
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ َ٤‫ُِظيحر‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬591
ٝ592.‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
262
‫ططزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓوٍَح‬‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫ص‬63
‫هٞحػي‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬َٝ‫ٝحُظؼ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬422ٝ425ٝ4:2‫ٝحُٔٞحى‬4:4٠ُ‫ا‬4:6٠‫ٝطَحػ‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ‫ػ٘ي‬
‫حُظطز٤ن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬58:ٝ591.
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُٔخىس‬4:7‫ٝٓخ‬‫رؼيٛخ‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َٝ‫رخُظؼ‬ ٖ‫٣طؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ًَٖٓ‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗخثز‬،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٌٖٔ٣َٝ٤ًُٞ
‫حُِٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫٣طؼ‬
َٝ‫٣ؼ‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫ال‬‫٣ٞهق‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬592
.ٙ‫أػال‬
226264
ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬ٖٓ ،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬
‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ،ٖ٤٘‫حػ‬ ٖ٤٤ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓٝ ،‫ٍث٤ٔخ‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ٝ‫هخ‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝٓٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٚ‫طوظ‬
‫حالرظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫طو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫طؼخى‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫يحث٤ش‬
.٢‫كو‬ ٖ٤‫حُؼوٞرظ‬ ٖ٤‫ٛخط‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝؿَحٓش‬ ‫كزٔخ‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ،‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫ططزن‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬.
‫ثبألحذاس‬ ‫انًكهف‬ ‫انًظزشبر‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
263
ٍ‫روَح‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬َ٣ٍُُٞ‫حُؼي‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ،‫حٓظج٘خف‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫أًؼ‬ّ‫رٜٔخ‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬
‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫ٌِٓق‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ػالع‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫هخرِش‬.‫حٌُ٤ل٤ش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٖٓ ٠‫ٝ٣ؼل‬ ،‫ُِظـي٣ي‬
62-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬594٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.
63-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬595٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.
64-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫اٟخكش‬ ‫طٔض‬2-595٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬‫ؼخُؼش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

159. -26:-
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫طـ٤ذ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫كخ‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٚٓ‫ه٤خ‬ٚ‫رٜٔٔظ‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓخٗغ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬
‫٣ٌِق‬ّٖٓٞ‫٣و‬ٚٓ‫ٓوخ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬.‫ُِِٔي‬
‫٣ٌِق‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫هخٟ٤خ‬‫ػيس‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ه٠خس‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رو٠خ٣خ‬.‫حألكيحع‬
264
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬‫ُِليع‬٢ٔ‫طٌظ‬‫١خرؼخ‬،‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٕ‫كب‬
ٚٓ‫ه٤خ‬ ‫رؼي‬‫رخُزلغ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬585،ٙ‫أػال‬١َ‫٣ـ‬‫طلو٤وخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫كٔذ‬
‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬ٖٓ‫حٌُظخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.١‫حإلػيحى‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔئهظش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬ ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫اه٠خع‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣582‫ُٞحكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬592.ٙ‫أػال‬
ٌٚ٘ٔ٣‫ٓغ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬584،ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٍ‫رخػظوخ‬ ً‫ح‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
.٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ ٍ‫رخالػظوخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ١َٔ‫ٝط‬
265
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ،٠ٜ‫حٗظ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬
ً ٚ‫أٍٝحه‬ ْ٤‫رظَه‬ ّٞ‫٣و‬ ‫رؼيٓخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ ،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫خطذ‬
.َ‫حألًؼ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫ِٓظٔٔخط‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫ُِٔٔظ٘خ‬ َٜ‫ظ‬ ‫اًح‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫ػخرظش‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ٌَ٘‫ٝط‬ ‫حُليع‬
ٚٗ‫كب‬‫ربكخُش‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬.‫ُألكيحع‬
‫اًح‬ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حأل‬ٍ‫كؼخ‬‫ال‬‫طوغ‬ُْٝ‫أ‬‫طؼي‬‫ٝحهؼش‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ُّٚ‫ػي‬
َ‫طٞك‬ٖ‫هَحث‬‫ًخك٤ش‬‫ٟي‬،‫حُليع‬ٚٗ‫كب‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫أَٓح‬ّ‫رؼي‬.‫حُٔظخرؼش‬
‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٍ‫أكخ‬ ،‫ٓوخُلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٟ‫حٍطؤ‬ ‫اًح‬
ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،‫ٝرض‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬.‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬
.‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٌٙٛ َ‫طوز‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬333٠ُ‫ا‬335.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫االطزئُبف‬ ‫يحكًخ‬ ٖ‫نذ‬ ‫نألحذاس‬ ‫انجُحٛخ‬ ‫انغزفخ‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انجبة‬
266
ً‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ْ
‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ،ٖ٤٘‫حػ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ً‫خ‬ٔ٤‫ٍث‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬
‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَكش‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫هَحٍحطٜخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫ػوي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ططزن‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٢‫ك‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬

160. -271-
‫نألحذاس‬ ‫االطزئُبفٛخ‬ ‫انجُح‬ ‫غزفخ‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انجبة‬
26765
‫ُألكيحع‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ،‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬
‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ،ٖ٤٘‫حػ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ‫ٍث٤ٔخ‬ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬
٢‫ك‬ َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ٚ‫ٝطوظ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫حٓظج٘خف‬
‫حألكيحع‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫طِي‬ ‫ػيح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ،595.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ططزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ػوي‬‫حُـِٔخص‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫ٓوٍَحص‬،‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫ؿَكش‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬
ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ٖٓ ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُلَع‬ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حَُحرغ‬ٖٓ‫حٌُظ‬‫خد‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬
‫رخالهظٜخٛخص‬‫حُوخٛش‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬ ‫رـَكش‬591٠ُ‫ا‬593
ٝ5:3.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫االطزئُبفٛخ‬ ‫انجُبٚبد‬ ‫ٔغزفخ‬ ‫نألحذاس‬ ‫انجُبٚبد‬ ‫غزفخ‬ 8‫انظبثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
‫نألحذاس‬
272
ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ،‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ،ٕ‫حُزطال‬
‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫ؿِٔخطٜخ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ٖ٤٘‫اػ‬ ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓٝ ً‫خ‬ٔ٤‫ٍث‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬ ٚ‫طوظ‬٢‫ك‬.‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ،‫َٓ٣ش‬ ‫ؿِٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طزض‬427ٝ527
ٝ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬568‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ5:2٠ُ‫ا‬5:8
.ٙ‫رؼي‬
272
‫٣ليى‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬،‫حُـِٔش‬٢‫ٝ٣ٔظيػ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬‫ًال‬ٖٓ‫حُليع‬ِٚ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬
،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ِْٔ٣‫حالٓظيػخء‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬531.ٙ‫أػال‬
270
‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬‫حُـَكش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫ٓ٘ٔٞرش‬٠ُ‫ا‬،‫حُليع‬‫كبٜٗخ‬‫طزض‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬584ٝ587ٖٓٝ592٠ُ‫ا‬594.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
65-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬59:٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬47.21ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،.

161. -272-
271
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٖٕٓ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓ٘ٔٞرش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُليع‬ٍ‫طٜي‬‫حُـَكش‬‫هَحٍح‬
.ٚ‫رزَحءط‬
ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫أػزظض‬ ‫اًح‬ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫حُليع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ط٘ٔذ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٤‫طير‬592،ٙ‫أػال‬
ْٜ٘ٓ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫طؼٟٜٞخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٌَٔ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬23‫ٓ٘ش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٖٓ ‫رؼوٞرش‬593.ٙ‫أػال‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔئري‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ٢ٛ ‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫ػَ٘س‬ ْٔ‫ٝه‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫طظَحٝف‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ‫طٔظزيُٜخ‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬
.ً‫خ‬٘‫ٓـ‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬
272
ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫هَحٍحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬568ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫أػال‬
.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫ٗخثز‬
‫أٍرؼش‬ ٖٓٝ ً‫خ‬ٔ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ٌٕٞ‫طظ‬
ِ‫ؿ‬ ‫ٝطؼوي‬ ،ٖ٣ٍ‫ٓٔظ٘خ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝرٔٔخػيس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫ٔخطٜخ‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طزض‬5:3
ٝ5:4.ٙ‫أػال‬
273
ٌٖٔ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫كٔذ‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوَحٍحص‬
‫ؿَكش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُـَكش‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫ٗخثز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ،‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ٝؿَكش‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫حُطَف‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫ال‬‫٣ٞهق‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬َ٤‫طيحر‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫رٜخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬5:4.
274
‫٣ؼٜي‬٢‫ك‬‫ىحثَس‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حٓظج٘خف‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓ٘يٝد‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػيس‬ٖ٤‫ٓ٘يٝر‬ٖ٤ٔ‫ىحث‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬ٖ٤‫ٓ٘يٝر‬
ٖ٤‫ٓظطٞػ‬١ٞ‫حُظَر‬ ‫ٝحُظظزغ‬ ‫رخإلَٗحف‬‫ُألكيحع‬١ٍ‫حُـخ‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬.‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬

162. -273-
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬‫ٓ٘يٝد‬‫َُػخ٣ش‬ًَ،‫كيع‬‫آخ‬ٖٓ َٓ‫رؤ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬،‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬
‫ٝآخ‬َٓ‫رؤ‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخألكيحع‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ٍَ‫رٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ٖ‫ػ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬ ٟ‫اكي‬573.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
275
‫٣ٟٞغ‬‫حُليع‬‫حُوخٟغ‬ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬3‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ
592‫طلض‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬١ٞ‫حُظَر‬ ‫ٝحُظظزغ‬ ‫حإلَٗحف‬‫ُٔ٘يٝد‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ٚ‫ٜٓٔظ‬َٔ‫حُؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طـ٘٤ذ‬‫حُليع‬
ًَ‫ػٞى‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝحهظَحف‬ًََ٤‫طير‬‫ٓل٤ي‬‫إلػخىس‬.ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌ‫٣ظو‬‫آخ‬ َ٤‫حُظير‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ٓيس‬ٕ‫ؿَ٣خ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٢‫كو‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝآخ‬‫رِٞؽ‬‫حُليع‬29
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ٖ٤‫ك‬ٕ‫حال١ٔج٘خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.ًِٚٞٓ
276
١‫ط٘خ‬ٖ٤‫رخُٔ٘يٝر‬‫ٜٓٔش‬‫َٓحهزش‬‫حُظَٝف‬‫حُٔخى٣ش‬‫ٝحُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬‫حُليع‬ٚ‫ٝكخُظ‬
‫حُٜل٤ش‬‫ٝظَٝف‬ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬ِٚٔ‫ٝػ‬ٚ‫ٝػالهخط‬ٖٔ‫ٝك‬ُٚ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬.ٚ‫ُٜٞح٣خط‬
‫٣َكغ‬‫ٛئالء‬ٕٞ‫حُٔ٘يٝر‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬ْٜ‫ػ٤٘ظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ َ٣ٍ‫طوخ‬ْٜ‫ٜٓٔظ‬
.َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػالػش‬ ًَ‫ٝػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ٣ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َكؼٞح‬
‫طوَ٣َح‬‫كٍٞ٣خ‬‫ػٔخ‬ٖٓ َْٜٟ‫٣ؼظ‬َ٤‫ػَحه‬ٍٞ‫طل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ْٜٓ‫ه٤خ‬،ْٜ‫رٜٔٔظ‬‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ٓخءص‬‫ٓ٤َس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُليع‬َٝ‫طؼ‬َ‫ُوط‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬‫أٛزق‬٢ٗ‫٣ؼخ‬ٖٓ‫ٓٞء‬،‫ٓؼخِٓش‬ٍٞ‫ٝك‬ًَ‫كخىػش‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫كخُش‬‫ُِٔ٘يٝد‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬‫أٜٗخ‬‫طٔظٞؿذ‬‫طـ٤٤َح‬٢‫ك‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حإل٣يحع‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حٌُلخُش‬
277
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ٕٞ‫حُٔ٘يٝر‬ٕٞٔ‫حُيحث‬ٍَ‫رٔو‬،‫رخُطلُٞش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُلٌٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٍٙ‫طٜي‬ ١ٍ‫اىح‬
ٕٟٞ‫ٝ٣ظوخ‬‫أؿَس‬ٖ‫ػ‬ُْٜ‫أػٔخ‬ٍٕٝ‫ٝ٣وظخ‬‫ٗظَح‬ًُِْٜٖٞٔٔ‫حُل‬ْٜٓ‫ٝالٛظٔخ‬‫رٜٔخُق‬
.‫حألكيحع‬
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ٕٞ‫حُٔ٘يٝر‬ٕٞ‫حُٔظطٞػ‬ٖٖٓ٣ٍ‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫١َف‬ٖ٤‫حٌُِٔل‬،‫رخألكيحع‬ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫ر‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ٕٞ‫٣زِـ‬َٖٓٔ‫حُؼ‬36‫ٓ٘ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حأله‬‫كٔذ‬ْ٤٣‫حُٔوخ‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬
،‫حُٔخروش‬‫ٝال‬ٕٟٞ‫٣ظوخ‬.‫أؿَس‬
١‫ط٘خ‬ٖ٤‫رخُٔ٘يٝر‬،ٖ٤ٔ‫حُيحث‬‫رخإلٟخكش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ّ‫حُٜٔخ‬‫حُٔٔ٘يس‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬5:8
ٝ5:9‫ٜٓٔش‬ ٙ‫أػال‬َ٤٤ٔ‫ط‬‫ٝط٘ٔ٤ن‬١‫ٗ٘خ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔ٘يٝر‬،ٖ٤‫حُٔظطٞػ‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬‫ِٓطش‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬
‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬.
ٟ‫طئى‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٔظٞؿزٜخ‬َ‫ط٘و‬‫َٓحهزش‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔظطٞػ‬ ٖ٤ٔ‫حُيحث‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔ٘يٝر‬
.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حُو٠خء‬ ‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬ ‫رٜلظٜخ‬ ،‫حألكيحع‬

163. -274-
322
٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُلخالص‬٢‫حُظ‬ٍَ‫٣ظو‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬،‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ِْ‫٣ؼ‬‫حُل‬‫يع‬ٙ‫ٝأرٞح‬ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رطز٤ؼش‬
‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حُظير‬ٚ‫ٟٝٓٞٞػ‬‫ٝحالُظِحٓخص‬٢‫حُظ‬.‫٣ٔظٞؿزٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝكخس‬‫حُليع‬ٚ‫اٛخرظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬َٝٔ‫ر‬،َ٤‫هط‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫ٓل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬ٕٝ‫ري‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،ًٕ‫ا‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٣ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ٓ٘ـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ِْ‫٣ؼ‬‫حُٔ٘يٝد‬‫رٌُي‬ٕٝ‫ري‬.َ٤‫طؤه‬
‫اًح‬‫ً٘لض‬‫كخىػش‬‫ٓخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫اٛٔخ‬ٖٓ ‫حُليع‬ ‫َُٔحهزش‬ ‫ٝحٟق‬ٖ٣ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫١َف‬
،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬َ٤‫ػَحه‬‫ٓظٌٍَس‬ٍٞ‫طل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ّ‫ه٤خ‬‫حُٔ٘يٝد‬،ٚ‫رٜٔٔظ‬
٢ٟ‫كِِوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُِٜ٤جش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أَٓص‬ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ربه٠خع‬‫حُلَ٣ش‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬‫أ٣خ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٌ‫حُٔظو‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬‫حُليع‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬‫رـَحٓش‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬‫طظَحٝف‬ٖ٤‫ر‬
311ٝ2.311.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
322
‫آخ‬ ،‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫ٝآخ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬
‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫رخُلَ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ‫حُٔ٘يٝد‬ ٚٓ‫٣وي‬ َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬
‫٣ؼ٤ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬592‫حُو٠خث‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ً٤لٔخ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬٢‫حُظ‬ ‫٤ش‬
.ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬
320
‫اًح‬‫َٓص‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حأله‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػالػش‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬‫رب٣يحع‬‫حُليع‬‫هخٍؽ‬،ٚ‫أَٓط‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٚ٣ٞ‫ألر‬ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ويٓٞح‬‫١ِزخ‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬
ٚ‫ربٍؿخػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫طلض‬،ْٜ‫ك٠خٗظ‬‫ًُٝي‬‫رؼيٓخ‬ٕٞ‫٣ؼزظ‬ْٜ‫أِٛ٤ظ‬‫ُظَر٤ش‬َ‫حُطل‬ٖٔ‫ٝطل‬ٚ‫ٓ٤َط‬‫طلٔ٘خ‬
،‫ًخك٤خ‬‫ًٔخ‬ُٞ‫٣ـ‬‫ُِليع‬ْ٣‫طوي‬ْ‫ٗل‬.‫حُطِذ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫هَح‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخألكيحع‬َ‫ىحه‬
َ‫أؿ‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ،ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬
ٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙ‫ٝ٣َكغ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫حُـَكش‬
‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٞ‫ٍك‬‫حُطِذ‬.‫ٝهض‬ ١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫طـي٣ي‬ ٌٖٔ٣

164. -275-
321
ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫اًح‬‫١َأ‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬‫أه٤ٔض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ٓظؼِوش‬
َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حإل٣يحع‬،‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ً‫رخطوخ‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َحٛخ‬
‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬٠‫ُ٤زو‬‫حُليع‬ٍٖٛ.ٚ‫اٗخٍط‬
‫٣َؿغ‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬٢ِ‫حُٔل‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬١‫أ‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬٢‫ٝك‬ٟٝ‫ىػخ‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬;َ٤‫حُظيحر‬
2-٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخألكيحع‬‫كٔذ‬‫حُلخُش؛‬
3-٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫طل‬‫ٜٓ٘ٔخ‬،‫الهظٜخٛخطٜٔخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حُٔ٘ظيد‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫٣وغ‬ٖٟٔٚ‫ىحثَط‬ٖ١ٞٓ١ٞ‫أر‬،‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ١ٞٓٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔؼٜي‬
ِْٓ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـٔؼ٤ش‬‫حُليع‬،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٢٠‫٣و‬ٚ‫ر‬‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ‫ٓيس‬
.ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫طٔظٞؿذ‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬،ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬ً‫حطوخ‬ًَ
َ٤‫طير‬‫ٓئهض‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫٣و‬‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ‫ٓيس‬
.‫حُليع‬ ‫رو٠٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ ،ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
322
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫ُِٔوٍَحص‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حٓظج٘خف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬ ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُِ٘حع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ٜٙٞ‫رو‬ ‫حُٟٞغ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حَُحٓ٤ش‬ ٟٝ‫حُيػخ‬
.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬
‫رخُلن‬ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫ٗخثز‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ّ‫٣وي‬
،‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬
ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ٖٟٔ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٙٞ599.ٙ‫أػال‬
323
َ‫طٔـ‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓـ‬ٙ‫هخ‬ٌٚٔٔ٣‫ًخطذ‬
،٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ٝال‬ٌٕٞ٣٢‫ك‬ٍٝ‫ٓظ٘خ‬.ّٞٔ‫حُؼ‬
324
ٖٔ٠‫ط‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٔلظٞ٣ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬.
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫اال‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬3‫حُِٔٔٔش‬‫رخُلَ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ُِِٜٝٔلش‬ ‫ُِو٠خس‬
‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ِٓطش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ِٜٓلش‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬َٟ‫أه‬‫ًٔخ‬ٚ٘‫ط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ًُي‬
ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬776.ٙ‫رؼي‬

165. -276-
325
‫اًح‬‫طؤًي‬ٖٔ‫طل‬‫ٓ٤َس‬،‫حُليع‬ٌٖٔ٣٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬‫رؼي‬ ،‫حألكيحع‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ػالع‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬
‫حرظيحء‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حٗظٜخء‬‫ٓيس‬َ٤‫طير‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫حُظٌٜ٣ذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ربُـخء‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2٢‫حُظ‬ٚ٘‫ط‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫حُظير‬ٌ‫حُٔظو‬٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫آخ‬ ٚ‫كو‬ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬‫حُليع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬
٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬
.ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬
ٚ‫٣وظ‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬ًَٖٓ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٟ‫أؿ‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،٠ُٝ‫حأل‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫٣ٞؿي‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ىحثَط‬ٖ١ُٞٔ‫ح‬٢ُ‫حُلخ‬،‫ُِليع‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٝالىس‬‫حُليع‬.ٚ‫ريحثَط‬
َ‫٣وز‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٞ‫رخَُك‬
‫ٓلٌٔش‬.ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
‫اًح‬َٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬،‫رخإلُـخء‬‫أطِلض‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫رخُظير‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬
326
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُلخالص‬٢‫حُظ‬ِْٔ٣‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫حُليع‬‫ٓئهظخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬َ٤‫ُـ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤‫أر‬ٚٓ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬،ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫اٛيح‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬‫طلي٣ي‬‫حُلٜش‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫طظلِٜٔخ‬‫حألَٓس‬َٖٓ‫ٛٞحث‬‫حَُػخ٣ش‬‫ٝحإل٣يحع‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬.‫ٓيحه٤ِٜخ‬
.‫ػُٞٛخ‬ ‫أػزظض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫حألَٓس‬ ٠‫طؼل‬
ِٚ‫طٔظو‬ٌَٙٛ‫حُٜٞحث‬‫رخػظزخٍٛخ‬َٖٓ‫ٛٞحث‬‫حُو٠خء‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬ ٟ‫طئى‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔٔخػيحص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٔظلوٜخ‬،‫حُليع‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓخث‬
ٍ‫حألكٞح‬‫ٝأػ٘خء‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حَُػخ٣ش‬ ‫ٓيس‬‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ،‫حإل٣يحع‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُٔي٣٘ش‬‫رٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬.‫رخُليع‬
‫اًح‬ِْٓ‫حُليع‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٌِٓلش‬‫رَػخ٣ش‬،‫حُطلُٞش‬‫حُلٜش‬ َٔ‫طظل‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٕ‫كب‬َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫حُٞحؿزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألَٓس‬َٖٓ‫ٛٞحث‬‫حَُػخ٣ش‬.‫ٝحإل٣يحع‬
327
٠‫طؼل‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٜ٤جخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬ٖٓ‫اؿَحءحص‬َ‫حُظ٘ز‬،َ٤‫ٝحُظٔـ‬
‫ٓخ‬ ‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬‫٣َؿغ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬.‫ًُي‬
322
‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬‫ٟل٤ظٜخ‬ً‫خ‬‫كيػ‬‫ال‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬َٙٔ‫ػ‬29،‫ٓ٘ش‬‫ك‬٢ٟ‫ِوخ‬
‫آخ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬‫حٓظ٘خىح‬‫ُِٔظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝآخ‬،‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫رؼي‬
ٌ‫أه‬١‫ٍأ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫أَٓح‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫ه٠خث٤خ‬‫رب٣يحع‬‫حُليع‬٠٘‫حُٔـ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٚ‫ٗو‬َ٣‫ؿي‬

166. -277-
‫ٓئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رخُؼوش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٜٔلش‬ ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٌُُي‬ ‫ٓئِٛش‬ ‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٓ٘لؼش‬ ‫ًحص‬ ‫ؿٔؼ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫هٜٞٛ٤ش‬
‫ٌِٓلش‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫رَػخ٣ش‬‫حُطلُٞش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٢‫ٜٗخث‬٢‫ك‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُـ٘لش‬.
ٌ‫٣٘ل‬‫ٌٛح‬َٓ‫حأل‬ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
َٝ‫رؼ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حُال‬ ٍ‫حألَٟح‬ ‫ٝأٛٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٗٞع‬ ‫ُظلي٣ي‬ ‫ػوِ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗلٔ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫١ز٤ش‬ ‫هزَس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُليع‬‫ٓخ‬ ٕ‫ٝر٤خ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫كوش‬
.ً‫ال‬‫ٝٓٔظوز‬ ً‫ال‬‫كخ‬ ٚ‫ُلخُظ‬ ْ‫ٓالث‬ ‫ػالؽ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣لظخؽ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
322
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫ٟي‬،‫كيع‬
ٕ‫أ‬َ٤‫طل‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬ٕ‫ا‬ ،ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫رخألكيحع‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬‫حٍطؤص‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫ِٜٓلش‬‫حُليع‬ٍَ‫طز‬.‫ًُي‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌ‫٣ظو‬‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫٣َح‬‫ٓ٘خٓزخ‬َٖٓ٤‫طيحر‬‫حُلٔخ٣ش‬
.ٍٙ‫ُوَح‬ َ‫حُٔؼـ‬ ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِٝليع‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
ٓ‫أ‬ ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬ ٖٓ ّ‫أ٣خ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ‫٣ٔظؤٗق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫خ‬
.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُألكيحع‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬
320
ٌٖٔ٣ٌ‫٣ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ْٔ‫ِٓظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬
ٖٓ ،ٚ‫رلٔخ٣ظ‬ ً‫ال‬٤‫ًل‬ ٙ‫٣َح‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬
‫حُز٘ٞى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬2ٝ4ٝ5ٝ6ٝ7‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ582.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
321
(‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫ٓض‬ ٖٓ َ‫أه‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُزخُؾ‬ ‫حُليع‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬27‫اًح‬ ،‫ٛؼزش‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ )
‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ َ‫ُِوط‬ ‫ٓؼَٟش‬ ٚ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألهاله٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُ٘لٔ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٌُٛ٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزيٗ٤ش‬ ٚ‫ٓالٓظ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
‫ر‬ ٚ١‫حهظال‬١ًٝ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓ٤َط‬ ‫رٔٞء‬ ٖ٤‫ٓؼَٝك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُالٗلَحف‬ ٖ٤َٟ‫ٓؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘لَك‬ ٙ‫ؤٗوخ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طَٔى‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ّ‫حإلؿَح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞحرن‬
٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٜٝد‬ ‫حػظخى‬ ٌُٚٗٞ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ىٍحٓظ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫٣ظخرغ‬.ٚ٤‫ك‬ َ‫٣ٔظو‬ ‫ٛخُق‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٙ‫طٞك‬ ّ‫ُؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ َ‫ٓو‬ َ‫ٛـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ٘٣ٌٞ
322
‫اًح‬ٟ‫ٍأ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٕ‫أ‬‫كخُش‬‫حُليع‬‫حُٜل٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُ٘لٔخٗ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ًِّٚٞٓ‫حُؼخ‬‫طٔظٞؿذ‬
‫كلٜخ‬َٓ‫أ‬ ،‫ػٔ٤وخ‬ٚ‫رب٣يحػ‬‫ٓئهظخ‬‫ُٔيس‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬‫ػالػش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬ًَِٔ‫ر‬ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬.‫ٌُُي‬ َٛ‫ٓئ‬

167. -278-
323
‫أكي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ،َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ٝظَٝف‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫كخُش‬ ‫رظظزغ‬ ‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ٢‫ٓ٘يٝر‬
ٖٓ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ٌُِ٤ل٤خص‬5:7٠ُ‫ا‬611.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
324
‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫طـ٤٤َٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫ربُـخء‬ ‫ٝهض‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫ًُي‬ ‫حُليع‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬
‫آخ‬ َٙٓ‫أ‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬ٚ٣ٞ‫أر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُليع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬
ٚ‫رَػخ٣ظ‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِٚ‫ًخك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٚ٘‫كخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٛٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫حُلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘يٝد‬ ٚٓ‫٣وي‬ َ٣َ‫طو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫رخُطِذ‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٞٛ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ١‫ٍأ‬ ٌ‫أه‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬
325
،‫حألكيحع‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ‫كيىٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ‫رخٗظٜخء‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٢ٜ‫٣٘ظ‬
.‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ‫ٓض‬ ٖٓ ‫حُليع‬ ‫رزِٞؽ‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٜ‫ٝ٣٘ظ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُليع‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫حهظ٠ض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حالٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ٞ‫رؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،٢ٟ‫ُِوخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ٍَ‫٣و‬ٍ‫هَح‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ‫حَُٗي‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫رِٞؿ‬
ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،َِ‫ٓؼ‬3ٝ4‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ627.ٙ‫أػال‬

168. -279-
‫انؼبدٚخ‬ ‫غٛز‬ ٍ‫انطؼ‬ ‫طزق‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
326
٠ُٞ‫طظ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫حُٔويٓش‬‫ٟي‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬
ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬،‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬َٜٔ‫ٝط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُظطز٤ن‬‫حُٜل٤ق‬،ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬َٔ‫ٝطؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طٞك٤ي‬‫حالؿظٜخى‬
٢‫حُو٠خث‬.
‫طٔظي‬‫َٓحهزش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُظٌ٤٤ق‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ُِٞهخثغ‬‫حُٔز٘٤ش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
‫ٌُٜ٘خ‬‫ال‬‫طٔظي‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬‫حُٔخى٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٜ٘ي‬‫رؼزٞطٜخ‬‫ه٠خس‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬،‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬‫ٝال‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ه٤ٔش‬
‫حُلـؾ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أهٌٝح‬‫رٜخ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫حُظ‬ِ٤‫٣ـ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٌٙٛ.‫حَُٔحهزش‬
327
ّ‫٣وي‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬،‫حأل١َحف‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝٚٔ٣‫طوي‬‫رٜلش‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬‫ُلخثيس‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫األطزاف‬ ‫نًصهحخ‬ ‫انُمض‬ ‫طهت‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
302
٢َٓ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬‫حأل١َحف‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬٢ِ‫حُلؼ‬ٍَ‫ُِٔو‬.٢‫حُو٠خث‬
ّ‫٣وي‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬،‫حُٔـظٔغ‬ّ‫ٝ٣ظوي‬ٚ‫ر‬ٚ‫ُِٜٔلظ‬‫حُوخٛش‬
ًَٖٕٓ‫ًخ‬‫١َكخ‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.
302
ٌٖٔ٣ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬ًَّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫ٝحُوَحٍحص‬َٓ‫ٝحألٝح‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬
٢‫ك‬،َٛٞ‫حُـ‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ٘٣ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬َٔ٘‫ط‬‫ػيس‬‫أ١َحف‬‫ٝطـ٤ذ‬،ْٜ٠‫رؼ‬ٌٖٔ٤‫ك‬‫ُِطَف‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢‫ك‬
ٚ‫كو‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬١ٍٞ٠‫ك‬٢‫ٜٗخث‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖ‫٣طؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫حألؿ‬،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ُِطَف‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬.‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬
.‫حُٔظـ٤ذ‬ ‫ُِطَف‬ ‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬ ٍَ‫ُِٔو‬ ‫حُٜٔيٍس‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ‫طزِؾ‬

169. -27:-
300
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلػيحى٣ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ َ‫طوز‬ ‫ال‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ِٗحع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٝ‫ػخ‬،‫ىكغ‬
‫اال‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬‫ٓغ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢‫ك‬.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬،ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫ٓظؼِوش‬ّ‫رؼي‬
ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬٢‫حُ٘ٞػ‬َ‫هز‬ ٚ‫اػخٍط‬ ‫َٗ٣طش‬ًَ‫ىكخع‬٢‫ك‬.َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫ٜٓ٘زخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ٝكيٛخ‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُِٔق‬‫ال‬‫٣َكغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬َٜ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫ٟٓٞٞػٜخ‬ِٚٓ‫رٌخ‬.
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝهٞع‬‫ِٗحع‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗٞع‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ططزن‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬
‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬‫ٝحُؼخُؼش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬512ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬ ،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ّ‫ػي‬ َ‫ألؿ‬ ،‫حُظٔٔي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬٢‫حُطٞػ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫ُِٔوٍَحص‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬،‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٜخىٍس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُيكٞع‬ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ١َُِٝ٘ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ
301
ٖٓ ٍَ٠‫ٝط‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫١َكخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ١‫أ‬ ٖٓ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬
ً ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝػالٝس‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ َٓ‫ٝحألٝح‬ ‫ٝحُوَحٍحص‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ‫ٟي‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُي‬
‫حُٜخىٍس‬( ‫أُق‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬ ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ٓزِـٜخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫٣ٔخػِٜخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬31.111‫اال‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬ )
‫أىحءٛخ‬ ‫٣ل٤ي‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حإلىالء‬ ‫رؼي‬66
.
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٞ‫ٗو‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ‫٣َى‬
302
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫ٗو‬‫هَحٍحص‬‫حإلكخُش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٌ‫ٓل‬‫ٔش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬‫اال‬‫ٓغ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓغ‬ ،َٛٞ‫حُـ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬338.ٙ‫أػال‬
١َٔ٣ْ‫ٗل‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ٌٍَُ‫هَح‬‫رض‬٢‫ك‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫ٝحُٟٞغ‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬
.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
303
ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٚٗ ‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ ،‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٞ‫ٗو‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ ‫ُِطَف‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
ٍٞ‫هز‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬.‫ٓخ‬ ‫طٜٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ َ‫أؿل‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ِٚ‫طيه‬
66-ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬634ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُلَ٣يس‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬35.16َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬2.16.223‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ2537(34َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3116‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬ ،)6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬
39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ2537َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116ٙ ،)4252.

170. -281-
304
‫٣َكغ‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫رظَٜ٣ق‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬
‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ‫ٝ٣و٤ي‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ر٘ل‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١خُذ‬ ‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ّ‫٣وي‬َ‫رٔـ‬‫ٓؼي‬ٌُٜٙ
،‫حُـخ٣ش‬‫ٝ٣ٞهغ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬.‫ٝحَُٜٔف‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حَُٜٔف‬‫ال‬ٖٔ‫٣ل‬،‫حُظٞه٤غ‬‫ك٤٠غ‬.ٚ‫رٜٔظ‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫١خُذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬،‫ٓؼظوال‬‫ًظخرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٚٓ‫هي‬ ‫اًح‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٛل٤ل‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٚ‫طَٜ٣ل‬ ٕ‫كب‬
٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔئٓٔش‬،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫ك٤غ‬‫٣و٤ي‬‫كٍٞح‬َ‫رخُٔـ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬334ٙ‫أػال‬
ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َ‫ىحه‬‫حألٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬
‫ُِظَٜ٣ق‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٚ٘ٓ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬،ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ك٤غ‬
ٖٔ٠‫ط‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬،ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ػ‬‫٣٠خف‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ِٓق‬
.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
ِْٔ٣.‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َٛٝ
305
‫٣ليى‬َ‫أؿ‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬‫ػَ٘س‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ٘‫ط‬
‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫هخٛش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫هالف‬.‫ًُي‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حألؿ‬‫ال‬‫٣زظية‬‫اال‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫طزِ٤ؾ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫أٝك‬ٚ٘١ٞٓ٢‫ك‬
‫حُلخالص‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
2-‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬‫ُِطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌُْٖ٣-‫رؼي‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬‫حُل٠ٍٞ٣ش‬-ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫ح‬َٟ‫كخ‬‫ٓٔؼال‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُـِٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬،ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣َ‫أٗؼ‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُطَف‬‫ُٔٔخع‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٢‫ك‬ّٞ٣ٖ٤‫ٓؼ‬
ٍ‫ٝٛي‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫كؼال‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬‫حُ٤ّٞ؛‬
2-‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫١ِذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٟ‫طـ‬‫حُٔلخًٔش‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬‫١زن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬425،ٙ‫أػال‬ٝ‫أ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َُْ٠‫٣ل‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخُش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬‫حَُحرؼش‬‫ٝحُوخٓٔش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬‫حًٌٍُٔٞس؛‬
3-‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ْٜ‫ُِٔظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُحرؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ َٟٚ‫طؼ‬ ‫ربُـخء‬
4:5.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ال‬‫٣زظية‬َ‫أؿ‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬‫اال‬ّٖٓٞ٤ُ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َٝ‫حُظؼ‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُلن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍُ‫ط٘خ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝ٣ؼظز‬ ،ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ َٝ‫رخُظؼ‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫هخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُطَف‬

171. -282-
30667
٠ُ‫ا‬ َٛ‫ُأل‬ ‫رٔطخروظٜخ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘ٞىح‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ِْٔ٣
.‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ٢‫طِو‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫طزظية‬ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ ٕٞ‫ػالػ‬ ٙ‫أهٜخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ،ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ‫حَُٜٔف‬
ٟ‫ُي‬ ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬ ّ‫ٓلخ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١خُذ‬ ‫٣٠غ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٞ‫ر‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ٟ‫ُي‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٓخث‬
‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ ٖ٤‫حُٔظ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ،ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٚ‫طَٜ٣ل‬
‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ه٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حهظ٤خٍ٣ش‬ ‫حًٌَُٔس‬ ٌٙٛ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬،٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫ٟٝؼٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
‫ٓوزٞال‬ ٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ُٞٝ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١خُذ‬ ‫كؼال‬ ٍُ‫آ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٞ.
‫١ِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ْٜٜٔ٣ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ‫ُؼيى‬ ‫ٓٔخٝ٣ش‬ ‫ر٘ٔن‬ ‫ٝطَكن‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ ًَ ‫طٞهغ‬
َٛ‫حأل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ٝطٞه٤ؼ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫١خرغ‬ ‫ٝ٣٠غ‬ ‫حُ٘ٔن‬ ٌٙٛ ‫رؼيى‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫ٝ٣ٜ٘ي‬ ،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬،
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ُطخُذ‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُ٘ٔوش‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬َ‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫حًٌَُٔس‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬
.‫٣ٞٓخ‬ ٕٞ‫طٔؼ‬ ٙ‫أهٜخ‬
،٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ‫َُِٜٔف‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ ْ٣‫ٝطوي‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حال١الع‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬
‫حُطِذ‬ ١ٞ‫رٔو‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُِٔق‬ َ٤‫طٔـ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓظ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫ىكخػ‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬
ُٔ‫ح‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫ػ٘يٓخ‬.‫اُِحٓ٤ش‬ ‫ًٌَس‬
307
٠‫طؼل‬ٖٓ‫ٓئحٍُس‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ًَٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝحُيُٝش‬‫ٓٞحء‬‫ًخٗظخ‬ٖ٤‫ٓيػ٤ظ‬ٝ‫أ‬٠‫ٓيػ‬
.‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬
٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬‫حُظٞه٤غ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًٌَٓحص‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حُظـخثٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬،ّ‫ٓلخ‬َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬‫ٓٞظق‬ٝٞ‫ٓل‬ُٚ.ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣ٞ‫طل‬
31268
‫حُطَف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حإلىحٍحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ػيح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ‫ال‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫إل٣يحػٜخ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫٣ٞىع‬
( ‫أُق‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ،‫اؿزخٍ٣ش‬ ‫حًٌَُٔس‬2.111ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫رٌظخرش‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬ )
‫ُطخُذ‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣َى‬ ،ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ُْ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ٌْ‫طل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬65:‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ‫حٓظ٤لخء‬ ‫ٝرؼي‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬
67-ْ‫ط‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬‫حُٔخىس‬639ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُلَ٣يس‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬34.16ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
2.16.222‫رظخٍ٣ن‬31ٍ‫ٗٞح‬ ٖٓ2537(34َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3116)‫؛‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6485‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٍ‫ٗٞح‬
2537َ‫ى٣ٔٔز‬ ‫(كخطق‬3116،)ٙ4251.
68-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬641ٙ‫أػال‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُلَ٣يس‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬35.16،‫ٓخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬

172. -283-
‫أػ٘خء‬ ِٕٞ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ٞ‫١خُز‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗش‬ ‫ا٣يحع‬ ٖٓ ٠‫٣ؼل‬
ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ٞ‫ٝ١خُز‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ َ‫أؿ‬.ُٞ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜ٘خىس‬ ْٜ‫طَٜ٣ل‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ُٕٞ‫٣ي‬
،‫حُطِذ‬ ١ٞ‫ٓو‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ‫ا٣يحع‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫ال‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ط‬.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُ٠ٔخٗش‬ ‫ر٠ؼق‬ ٌْ‫ل‬
312
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣١‫أل‬‫ٓزذ‬‫ٝال‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬‫ُِطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٓزن‬ٞ‫ٍك‬ٚ‫١ِز‬٢ٓ‫حَُح‬٠ُ‫ا‬
،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬ٞ‫ٗو‬ْ‫ٗل‬.ٍ‫حُوَح‬
310
٠‫٣زو‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ٍٍٖٛ‫حالػظوخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓؼظوال‬ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬‫ًُٝي‬
‫أػ٘خء‬َ‫أؿ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ .ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣لَؽ‬‫رٔـَى‬‫ٓخ‬٢٠‫٣و‬
‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ ١ٞ‫رٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ربػلخث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫رزَحءط‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ،ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ‫٣لَؽ‬
،٢‫كو‬ ‫رـَحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫ٓٞهٞكش‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٖٓ ْ‫رخَُؿ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬
ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫ٝحُطؼ‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ‫٣ٞهق‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حُلخالص‬
َٟ‫حأله‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬‫اًح‬‫١زوض‬ٕ‫حُٔخىطخ‬4:3ٝ542ٖٓ ٙ‫أػال‬ٕ‫ُي‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬
‫ال‬‫٣ٞهق‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ّ‫أٓخ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ِٚ‫أؿ‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬
‫رٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
311
‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔكٞع‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ َ‫أػ‬ َٜ‫٣٘ل‬‫٣َؿغ‬َ‫ُ٘ظ‬،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٟٞ‫رخُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٍُ‫حُظ٘خ‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬‫رؼي‬.ٚ‫ٍكؼ‬
َٜ‫٣٘ل‬َ‫أػ‬‫حَُٔكٞع‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٍٝ‫حُٔٔئ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُلوٞم‬
‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣َؿغ‬َ‫ُ٘ظ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬،٢‫ك‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٟٞ‫رخُيػ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٚ‫٣َكؼ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َٝ‫ػ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬،‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬‫٣َؿغ‬ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٟٞ‫ُِيػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ًُٝي‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كيٝى‬
‫ِٜٓلش‬،‫حُطخُذ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٛ٘خى‬‫ه٤ٞى‬ٜٙٞ٘ٓ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ٖ‫رخُطؼ‬
.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬

173. -284-
312
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌِ‫٣َط‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬َٓ‫حألٝح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ُِطؼ‬ ‫حُوخرِش‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬
ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكي‬‫حألٓزخد‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
1-‫هَم‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُـَٞٛ٣ش‬‫ُِٔٔطَس؛‬
3-٢‫حُ٘ط‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬‫حُِٔطش؛‬
3-ّ‫ػي‬‫حالهظٜخٙ؛‬
5-١َٛٞ‫حُـ‬ ‫حُوَم‬‫ُِوخٕٗٞ؛‬
6-ّ‫حٗؼيح‬ّ‫حألٓخ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫حٗؼيح‬.َ٤ِ‫حُظؼ‬
313
‫ال‬َ‫طوز‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔز٘٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓزذ‬ٍ‫ُإلرطخ‬‫كيع‬‫أػ٘خء‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫حرظيحث٤خ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬
ُْْٝ‫طظ‬ٚ‫اػخٍط‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
314
ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ُٔ٘طٞم‬ ‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬ ‫ُ٤ٔض‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔٔظوِٜش‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ َ‫طوز‬ ‫ال‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬
315
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬٢ْٛ‫ٗل‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ُٚ٘‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣٘طزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬،‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣١‫أل‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬ٟٞ‫ريػ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫هطؤ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظٌ٤٤ق‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬٢‫أػط‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬٢‫ك‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٢‫أٝك‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ٜٕٙٞٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫أٗخ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫حُظٌ٤٤ق‬ٍَٟ.‫ُِطخُذ‬
‫اًح‬‫ٝؿي‬٢‫ك‬ٟ‫اكي‬ْٜ‫حُظ‬‫ٓخ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٍ‫ارطخ‬،ٌْ‫حُل‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ط‬‫َٜف‬ٕ‫رؤ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٢‫ك‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬
‫ال‬‫ط٘طزن‬‫اال‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُظٜٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ػزظض‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤خ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ر‬ْٜ‫حُظ‬.َٟ‫حأله‬
316
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ ‫طِوض‬،ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طَكغ‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫حألؿ‬
‫حُٔليى‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬ ٖ٤‫طٔؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫حُٔخىس‬639٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫ِٓق‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝٗٔوش‬‫ٓطخروش‬َٛ‫ُأل‬ٖٕٓٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٝحُظَٜ٣ق‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬َُٛٞ‫ٝح‬

174. -285-
‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رب٣يحع‬‫حُٔزِؾ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬641‫ٝحُ٘ٔن‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬639
‫ٝحًٌَُٔحص‬ٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ط‬‫ا٣يحػٜخ‬.
ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫هخثٔش‬٢‫ٝك‬ .‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ا٣يحع‬
‫حُٔزِؾ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫ػي‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬‫ٝٗٔن‬،‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ٚ٘٣٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫رٟٞٞف‬٢‫ك‬‫هخثٔش‬
.‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬
317
‫رٔـَى‬َ٤‫طٔـ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬،ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬
ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـَكش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫ٓٔظ٘خٍح‬‫ٓوٍَح‬‫٣ؼٜي‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َ٤٤ٔ‫رظ‬.‫حُٔٔطَس‬
322
َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬639٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬
‫حأل١َحف‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ُْٜ‫ِٜٓلش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬٠ُ‫ٝا‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫ٌُِِٔٔش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫هي‬َ‫طيه‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬.‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬‫حهظ٤خٍ٣ش‬ُْٝ‫٣وغ‬،‫طوي٣ٜٔخ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬
‫٣لن‬‫ُأل١َحف‬‫حُٔؼ٘٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ّ‫طوي‬‫ًٌَٓس‬‫ىكخػٜخ‬َ‫ىحه‬ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ٌٛح‬
‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬‫َٓكوش‬‫رخُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٢‫حُظ‬ِّ‫طؼظ‬ٍ‫حالٓظيال‬،‫رٜخ‬‫ٝرٜلش‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫ُِٔٔظ٘خ‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٔ٘لٜخ‬‫أؿال‬‫اٟخك٤خ‬‫٣ليى‬.ٚ‫ٓيط‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫آ٠خء‬‫ًٌَٓس‬‫حُيكخع‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ّ‫ٓلخ‬ٍٞ‫ٓوز‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬،‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬٢‫ك‬
‫كخالص‬‫حالٓظـ٘خء‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬٢ٓ‫حُٔلخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬639ٝ63:.ٙ‫أػال‬
322
‫٣ؼي‬ً‫خ‬٤‫ًظخر‬ ‫طوَ٣َح‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫أَٓح‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬‫ربكخُش‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫ُال١الع‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طَؿغ‬‫ِٓق‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫َٓكوخ‬
‫رٔٔظ٘ظـخطٜخ‬‫حٌُظخر٤ش‬َ‫ىحه‬َ‫أؿ‬ٖ٤‫ػالػ‬ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬َٓ‫حأل‬.‫رخال١الع‬
320
‫طو٤ي‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ٍٝ‫ؿي‬‫حُـِٔش‬َٓ‫رؤ‬ْٖٓ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـَكش‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬
‫طزِ٤ؾ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫حُـِٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حأل١َحف‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ْٜٜٔ٣َٓ‫حأل‬َ‫هز‬‫حُـِٔش‬‫رؤٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.َ‫حأله‬
ٌٖٔ٣ْ٤‫َُِث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ْ٤‫َُٝث‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫ُِٝـَكش‬‫ٗلٜٔخ‬‫اكخُش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٛ٤جش‬
ٌْ‫ُِل‬‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ؿَكظ‬ٖ٤‫ٓـظٔؼظ‬‫هٜي‬‫حُزض‬،‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬
‫حُـَكش‬٢‫حُظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ط٠خف‬‫حُـَكش‬،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫ٝ٣َؿق‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫طؼخى‬‫حألٛٞحص‬‫ٛٞص‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬
‫رلٔذ‬ّ‫ٗظخ‬‫حألٓزو٤ش‬‫حُٔظزغ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬‫ٍإٓخء‬.‫حُـَف‬

175. -286-
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٜ٤جش‬‫حُٔئُلش‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ؿَكظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍَ‫طو‬‫اكخُش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ُِزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
‫رٔـٔٞع‬.‫ؿَكٜخ‬
321
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حُـِٔخص‬‫ػِ٘٤ش‬ُِٝ‫ٔلٌٔش‬‫كن‬‫ػويٛخ‬.‫َٓ٣ش‬
‫رؼي‬‫طالٝس‬َ٣َ‫حُظو‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٌٖٔ٣٢٤ٓ‫ُٔلخ‬‫حأل١َحف‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ويٓٞح‬‫ٓالكظخص‬.‫ٗلٞ٣ش‬
َٝ‫طؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٍأ٣ٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝ٣ٔظٔغ‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘ظـخطٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬.‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬
ِ‫طلـ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬.‫ُِٔيحُٝش‬
ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿِٔش‬.‫ػِ٘٤ش‬
322
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٍ‫ُِٔٔظ٘خ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ػ٘ي‬ٚ‫ىٍحٓظ‬‫ُِو٠٤ش‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫ٓزذ‬‫ٝحٟق‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫ُِزطال‬ّ‫ُؼي‬ٍٞ‫هز‬
‫حُطِذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌٚ٘ٓ‫أ‬ ،ٚ١ٞ‫ٓو‬ٕ‫أ‬‫رؼي‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫ٓٞحكوش‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـَكش‬‫ٝحُ٘٤خرش‬،‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رظو٤٤ي‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬
ٍٝ‫ؿي‬‫ؿِٔش‬‫ٓوزِش‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬540.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫٣زِؾ‬ٌ‫ك٤٘ج‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫حُـِٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫١خُذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ٙ‫ٝكي‬َ‫هز‬‫حٗؼوخىٛخ‬‫رؤٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.َ‫حأله‬
323
،‫ططزن‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝهٞع‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿِٔش‬ٖٓ‫ؿِٔخص‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬،‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔٞحى‬
46:٠ُ‫ا‬472.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
324
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٝرخألُٝٞ٣ش‬ ‫حٓظؼـخُ٤ش‬ ‫رٌ٤ل٤ش‬ ‫حُزض‬
َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػالػش‬ ٙ‫أهٜخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬
.‫رخُِٔق‬
325
١‫ٝ٣زي‬ ٢‫حٌُظخر‬ َٙ٣َ‫ُظو‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ ‫رظالٝس‬ ‫حُٔيحٝالص‬ ‫طزيأ‬ٙ‫رؼي‬ٍٕٝ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬
‫آٍح‬ْٛ‫ء‬ٖ٤٤‫حُظؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜٓ‫رؤهي‬ ً‫ح‬‫ريء‬ْ‫ػ‬ْٜ٤ِ٣.ْ٤‫حَُث‬

176. -287-
326
ٍ‫طٜي‬‫هَحٍحص‬ْٓ‫رخ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ؿالُش‬‫حُِٔي‬
69
،‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓؼِِش‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬َ٤٘‫ط‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬٢‫حُظ‬‫١زوض‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خطٜخ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬‫حُز٤خٗخص‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬
1-‫أٓٔخء‬‫حأل١َحف‬‫حُؼخثِ٤ش‬‫ٝحُ٘وٜ٤ش‬ْٜ‫ٝٛلظ‬ْٜ‫ٝكَكظ‬ْٜ٘١ٞٓٝ‫ٝأٓٔخء‬‫ٓلخٓ٤ْٜ؛‬
2-‫حًٌَُٔحص‬٠ُ‫حُٔي‬‫رٜخ‬َٚٗٝ‫حُٞٓخث‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظي‬‫رٜخ‬‫ٝٓٔظ٘ظـخص‬‫حأل١َحف؛‬
3-‫أٓٔخء‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫أٛيٍٝح‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫ٓغ‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ْٓ‫ح‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫حُٔوٍَ؛‬
4-ْٓ‫ح‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش؛‬
6-‫حُ٠ز٢؛‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ْٓ‫ح‬
7-‫طالٝس‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫ٝحالٓظٔخع‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘ظـخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُؼخٓش؛‬
8-‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬.‫ٝؿي‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬
ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬٢‫ك‬ ‫ٛيٍص‬ ‫أٜٗخ‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُ٘طن‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿِٔش‬.‫ػِ٘٤ش‬
‫٣ٞهغ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َٛ‫أ‬ًَ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ْٖٓ٤‫حَُث‬ٍ‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ًٝخطذ‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬
‫كيٝع‬ْٛ‫ألكي‬ ‫ٓخٗغ‬ٌ‫طظو‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَحص‬‫حَُحرؼش‬‫ٝحُوخٓٔش‬
‫ٝحُٔخىٓش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬482.ٙ‫أػال‬
327
َٔ‫٣ظل‬‫أىحء‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٔ‫ه‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬‫رظُٞ٣غ‬
‫طِي‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ٖ٤‫ر‬.‫حأل١َحف‬
٢‫ك‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫كخُش‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫ٗو‬١‫ً٤ي‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫طؼٔل‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطخُذ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٔ‫ه‬
ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫رـَحٓش‬‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬.ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ ‫ال‬ُِٝ‫ٔلٌٔش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬
‫حَُٔكٞع‬ ‫حُطِذ‬٤ُ‫ا‬‫ٜخ‬ٖٓ‫حُٔطِٞد‬٢‫ك‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬َ‫ألؿ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫ُلو‬‫رٔزذ‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬.ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬
332
ِ‫أرط‬ ‫اًح‬‫ض‬ُ‫أكخ‬ ،‫ُؿَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛخىٍح‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ض‬‫ٝحأل١َحف‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
‫ٗٞع‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٖٓ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝرٜلش‬ َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓظًَزش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٝىٍؿش‬
69-ُ‫ح‬ َ‫حٗظ‬‫لو‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫َس‬476;ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫٣ـذ‬ "ٕ‫أ‬َٜ‫٣ٔظ‬ًٌَْ‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬َٓ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬‫رخُٜ٤ـش‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬-ْٓ‫رخ‬‫ؿالُش‬."ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫ٝ١زوخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬

177. -288-
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ّ‫ػي‬ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
،ُٚ‫ارطخ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫اكخُش‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬.‫هخٗٞٗخ‬
332
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٍٞ٠‫حُل‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫رؼي‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬
،ٙ‫ٟي‬٠‫ك٤زو‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
‫٣لَؽ‬‫كٍٞح‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔظخرغ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫أرط‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٙ‫ٟي‬ٕٝ‫ري‬.‫اكخُش‬
330
٠‫ٍك‬ ‫اًح‬‫ض‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫ٗو‬ّ‫هي‬ٜ٤ُ‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ٝأٛزق‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬
‫ٝطَطذ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫ط٘خُع‬٢‫ِٓز‬ٙ‫ُالهظٜخ‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬ٕ‫أ‬١َ‫طـ‬‫حُؼيحُش‬،‫ٓـَحٛخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ط‬َ‫ؼظز‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬
ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬‫رٔؼخرش‬‫١ِذ‬َٜ‫ُِل‬٢‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫ط‬ٖ٤٤‫طؼ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫زض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُٔوظٜش‬
331
‫ط‬ٌْ‫ل‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫اكخُش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ه٠ض‬ٚ‫ر‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ُْ‫٣ظَى‬‫ٗ٤جخ‬٢‫ك‬
َٛٞ‫حُـ‬ٌٖٔ٣‫حُزض‬.ٚ٤‫ك‬
ٌٕٞ٣ٞ‫ٗو‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ؿِث٤خ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬‫ال‬١َٔ٣٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫اال‬ٟ‫اكي‬
‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلَػ٤ش‬‫أٝال‬َ‫٣ئػ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ُْٜٔ‫ح‬ٖٓ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.‫رٜخ‬
332
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أك٤ِض‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫رؼي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬ِّ‫طِظ‬ٍ‫روَح‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫٣َؿغ‬‫ُِ٘وطش‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رظ‬‫ض‬.‫ك٤ٜخ‬
333
ِْٔ٣‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬َ‫ىحه‬ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٍٖٓ‫حُوَح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫رض‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫هٜي‬ٜٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬
.ٖ٤‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫رخُوَح‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ،ٍ‫حػظوخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
334
ِ‫أرط‬ ‫اًح‬‫ض‬‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُـَٞٛ٣ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫هَم‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٕ‫كب‬ ،
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕ‫حُ٘ؤ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬
.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ

178. -289-
335
‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٍَ‫ٓو‬ َ‫أرط‬ ‫اًح‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ،َ‫حُٞٓخث‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝر٘خء‬ ‫حُٜلش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ْٜٗٞ‫١ؼ‬ ‫هيٓٞح‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٖ٤‫ٝر‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ ‫هٜي‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ٖ٤‫ٓـظٔؼظ‬ ٖ٤‫ؿَكظ‬
ٌَٕ‫انمب‬ ‫نفبئذح‬ ‫انًزفٕػخ‬ ‫انُمض‬ ‫طهجبد‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
336
‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ‫٣َكؼٜخ‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ْٔ‫ط٘و‬
.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٖٓ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫طَكغ‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬
337
ٍ‫ٛي‬ ‫ُالٓظج٘خف‬ َ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫كٌٔخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ِْ‫ُؼ‬ ‫رِؾ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُٔظؼِو‬ ‫حُـَٞٛ٣ش‬ ‫ُِٜ٤ؾ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫هَهخ‬‫رطِذ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ ٖٓ ‫أكي‬ ١‫أ‬ ّ‫٣ظوي‬ ُْٝ ‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫ش‬
ُ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٍكغ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُٞ‫ط‬ ،ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٞ‫ٗو‬‫ٔلٌٔش‬
.‫طِوخث٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬
ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ُ٤ظـ٘زٞح‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حالكظـخؽ‬ ‫ُأل١َحف‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫كال‬ ،ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ٕ‫كب‬
.ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُ٤ؼخٍٟٞح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝٞ‫حُٔ٘و‬
342
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣-٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حٓظ٘خىح‬
ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٜٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حٌُظخر‬ َٓ‫حأل‬-ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬
.‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُـَٞٛ٣ش‬ ‫ُإلؿَحءحص‬ ً‫خ‬‫هَه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫ُِوخ‬ ‫هَهخ‬ ٍ‫طٜي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ط‬َ‫زط‬ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔطؼ‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬
ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ٖٓ ‫كخُش‬ ‫أ٣ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ٠٣ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫٣ٔظل٤ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫حُلخُش‬
.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ١‫أ‬ ُٚ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٖٓٝ ٚ‫رٜٔخُل‬
342
‫حُؼ‬ َ٣ُٝ ٖٓ َٓ‫رؤ‬ ‫حَُٔكٞع‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ٌِ‫٣َط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ٗ‫ًخ‬ ‫أٓزخد‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،ٍ‫ي‬‫ض‬
٠‫ٍك‬ ‫هي‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ظ‬.ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓخرن‬ ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬ ‫ٜخ‬
340
٠‫طَحػ‬٢‫ك‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫١ِزخص‬ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫حُٔويٓش‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُلخثيس‬٢‫ٝك‬‫حُزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬
‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ٟ‫ُي‬،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٍٙ‫رخػظزخ‬‫١َكخ‬‫ٍث٤ٔ٤خ‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
ّ‫٣وي‬َ‫هز‬ ٚ‫ٓٔظ٘ظـخط‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬.ٍَ‫حُٔو‬

179. -28:-
341
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬‫ربػخىس‬٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ط‬‫ٜيٍٛخ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬
;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬
;ً‫ال‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٟي‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫حٓظ٘خىح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٝػخثن‬‫َٛف‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حػظَف‬.‫رٍِٝ٣ظٜخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣طِذ‬‫اػخىس‬‫ٓخ‬ ،َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫ػيح‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫حإلىحٍحص‬،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٞىع‬‫ًلخُش‬‫ٓخُ٤ش‬‫ٓزِـٜخ‬،ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫هٔٔش‬‫ًُٝي‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ّ‫ػي‬
.ٍٞ‫حُوز‬
‫٣لظلع‬‫رٔزِؾ‬‫حٌُلخُش‬‫ُلخثيس‬‫حُوِ٣٘ش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬ٍٞ‫هز‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫اػخىس‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬.
ٖٓ ;ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ػخ‬َ‫أؿ‬‫طٜل٤ق‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫ح‬٢‫ُظ‬‫ُلوٜخ‬‫هطؤ‬١‫ٓخى‬‫ٝحٟق‬ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫طٜل٤ل‬ٖٓ
ٍ‫هال‬َٛ‫ػ٘خ‬‫ٓؤهًٞس‬ٖٓ‫حُوَحٍحص‬،‫ٗلٜٔخ‬ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬‫١ِذ‬‫حُظٜل٤ق‬‫طَكغ‬ ‫رًٌَٔس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬
٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬‫حُظٜل٤ق؛‬
٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫رٜخ‬ ٍ‫حٓظي‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬ ‫حُطِزخص‬ ‫أكي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُزض‬ َ‫أؿل‬ ‫اًح‬ ;‫ػخُؼخ‬
.ٍ‫حُوَح‬ َ٤ِ‫طؼ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬
;ً‫خ‬‫ٍحرؼ‬‫ًحص‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗخٗجش‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ١ٞ‫رخُٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٞ‫حُوز‬ ّ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ‫ٟي‬
.‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٍ‫حالٓظيال‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝػخثن‬ ‫١َ٣ن‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛلظٜخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٖ٤‫طز‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٛزـش‬
‫ُِلوَحص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ّ‫٣وي‬3ٝ4ٝ5‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ639
ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ ‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫طٟٞغ‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ‫ش‬
ٝ‫ط‬‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫زض‬64:٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رؼيٛخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬668‫ٓغ‬ ،
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬675.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫ٓخى٣ش‬ ‫أهطخء‬ ‫رظٜل٤ق‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬‫ط‬‫حُطِذ‬ ٍٞ‫هز‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َٜف‬
‫كخؿش‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ‫حُوطؤ‬ ‫رظٜل٤ق‬.‫ُإلكخُش‬
342
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٕ‫حُزطال‬ ‫١خثِش‬ ‫طلض‬ ‫٣ـذ‬‫رٔزذ‬ َ‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ربػخىس‬ ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ ‫ًٌَٓس‬٢‫ك‬ ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬
‫هيٓض‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢‫ٓيػ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓٔ٠خس‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ‫٣٘ٞد‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬َ٤ًٞ‫رظ‬،ٙ‫هخ‬
ّ‫ٝطوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬.
،‫حُطِذ‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬‫ا٣يحع‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حٌُلخُش‬‫رٌظخرش‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫طزِؾ‬‫حًٌَُٔس‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬‫أَٓح‬ٞ‫رخَُك‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أَٓح‬ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫رظو٤٤ي‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬

180. -291-
‫٣وغ‬‫طزِ٤ؾ‬َٓ‫حأل‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬‫رظو٤٤ي‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ِْ‫ػ‬٢‫حُٔيػ‬ٚ‫ر‬ٍ‫هال‬‫هٔٔش‬َ٘‫ػ‬
‫٣ٞٓخ‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘طن‬ٚ‫ر‬‫ٓغ‬ٚ٤‫حُظَه‬ُٚ‫رظو٤٤ي‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ٚ‫١ِز‬‫رٌظخرش‬٢‫ٟز‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
‫ط‬‫زض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫رؼي‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫رلغ‬٢‫ك‬ٟ‫ٓي‬‫ٛلش‬.‫حالىػخء‬
‫اًح‬‫ػزض‬،ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫ط‬‫َٜف‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٙ‫رٞؿٞى‬ٝ‫ط‬َٓ‫ؤ‬‫رَى‬‫حُٔزِؾ‬‫حُٔٞىع‬.‫ُِطخُذ‬
343
‫٣لظق‬ ‫ال‬‫رخد‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬‫اال‬‫ُظيحٍى‬‫هطؤ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬ٍَ٠‫ط‬ٚ٘ٓٚ‫ٗو‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ
َ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫ؿ٘لش‬
‫ال‬َ‫طوز‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬‫اال‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫حٗؼيح‬‫أ٣ش‬‫١َ٣وش‬َٟ‫أه‬ٖٓ‫١َم‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ٝك‬‫حُلخالص‬
ٖٟٔٝ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬٢‫حُظ‬ًٌَ‫ٓظ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬.٢ِ٣
344
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫١ِذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬‫أ٣خ‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رظض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝأ٣خ‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬
‫حُٜخىٍس‬;‫ك٤ٜخ‬
1-‫اًح‬‫ٛيٍص‬‫ػوٞرش‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬،َ‫حُوظ‬٢ُ‫ٝأى‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬‫رٔٔظ٘يحص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كـؾ‬‫ػزض‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬
ّ‫ه٤خ‬ٖ‫هَحث‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػالٓخص‬‫ًخك٤ش‬ٍ‫طي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝؿٞى‬٠٘‫حُٔـ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ّٞ‫حُِٔػ‬‫هظِٚ؛‬
2-‫اًح‬‫ٛيٍص‬‫ػوٞرش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،ْٜ‫ٓظ‬ٍ‫ٝٛي‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ٕ‫ػخ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ٓظٜٔخ‬َ‫آه‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬
ْ‫ٗل‬َ‫حُلؼ‬ٌُْٖٝٔ٣‫حُظٞك٤ن‬ٖ٤‫ر‬ٖ٣ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫ُٔخ‬‫ر٤ٜ٘ٔخ‬ٖٓٞ‫ط٘خه‬ِٚ‫٣ٔظو‬َٚ٘ٓ٤ُ‫حُي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫رَحءس‬‫أكي‬‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ؛‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
4-‫اًح‬‫ؿَص‬‫رؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫ٗخٛي‬‫ٓزن‬‫حالٓظٔخع‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٌْ‫ٝك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ
‫ٜٗخىس‬ َ‫أؿ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫ٟي‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ‫حُـي٣يس‬ ‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٝال‬ ،ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
‫حُٜلش؛‬ ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
4-‫اًح‬‫١َأ‬‫ص‬‫ٝحهؼش‬‫رؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬ْ‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حٌُ٘ق‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬ْ٣‫طوي‬
‫ٓٔظ٘يحص‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ٓـُٜٞش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ٖٓٝ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طؼزض‬‫رَحءس‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
345
ٍٞ‫٣و‬‫كن‬‫١ِذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬‫حُؼالع‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬677
ٙ‫أػال‬ُٖٔ٢‫٣ؤط‬;ًًَْٛ
1-َ٤ًُِّٞ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫رٔزخىٍس‬ٚ٘ٓٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬َٖٓ٣ُٝ‫حُؼيٍ؛‬
2-ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ٗخثز‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬‫حألِٛ٤ش؛‬

181. -292-
3-‫ُِٝؽ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٠‫حُٔظٞك‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حَُٜٔف‬ٚ‫رـ٤زظ‬ٚ‫ٍٝٝػظ‬ ٚ٣‫ٝٝحُي‬ ٙ‫ٝأٝالى‬٠ُٛٞٔ‫ٝح‬
ُُْٜٖٔٝ٠‫طِو‬‫طًٞ٤ال‬.ٚ‫ٝكخط‬ َ‫هز‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫هخٛخ‬
‫٣َؿغ‬‫كن‬‫١ِذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخُش‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حَُحرؼش‬677٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬،ٙ‫ٝكي‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظ٘خٍس‬‫ُـ٘ش‬‫ٌٓٞٗش‬ٖٓ١َ٣‫ٓي‬‫حُُٞحٍس‬‫ٝػالػش‬‫ه٠خس‬ٖٓ‫ٓلٌٔش‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ْٜ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ٌُٜٙ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬َٖٓ٤‫ؿ‬‫أػ٠خء‬‫حُـَكش‬.‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
346
‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٍ‫طلخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬َٖٓ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫آخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫رطِذ‬َٖٓ٣ُٝ،ٍ‫حُؼي‬‫ٝآخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬‫حأل١َحف‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬‫حُؼالع‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬677.ٙ‫أػال‬
347
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫روٞس‬ ‫٣ٞهق‬‫رخُؼوٞرش‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ُْ،ٌ‫٣٘ل‬‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ
ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬‫حُطِذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ا٣وخف‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬َٓ‫رؤ‬َٖٓ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
ٖ٤‫ك‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫هَح‬،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ٝك٤ٔخ‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬٢‫ك‬ ‫٣زض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
ٍٞ‫هز‬‫١ِذ‬.‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬
352
‫طزض‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ٍٞ‫هز‬‫١ِذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٍ‫حُٔلخ‬.‫اُ٤ٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طَٜ٣ق‬ٍٞ‫روز‬،‫حُطِذ‬١َ‫طـ‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬‫آخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬
‫اٗخرش‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حألرلخع‬‫ٝحُٔوخرالص‬‫ٝحُظلو٤وخص‬٢‫ك‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬‫ٝحُظلَ٣خص‬
‫حٌُل٤ِش‬ٍ‫ربظٜخ‬.‫حُلو٤وش‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫طٜزق‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ؿخِٛس‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫ُِزض‬‫ط‬ٍ‫ٜي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫كٔذ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ً‫ح‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٞ‫رخَُك‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫هَحٍح‬،ٍ‫رخإلرطخ‬‫ٝاًح‬ُْ‫٣ظَى‬ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬ ٚ‫ٝٛل‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬
ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٓخ‬‫ُحُٞح‬‫أك٤خء‬‫كال‬‫٣وغ‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬‫رؤ٣ش‬.‫اكخُش‬
352
‫اًح‬‫حٍطؤص‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬،٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬،ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َٟ‫طـ‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٗلٜ٤ش‬
ُ‫أكخ‬ ‫ك٠ٍٞ٣ش‬‫ض‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٌْ‫ُِل‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫َٓس‬َٟ‫أه‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ٓٔخػِش‬‫ٗٞػخ‬‫ٝىٍؿش‬‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫أٛيٍص‬ْ‫ط‬ ١ٌُ‫حُٔوٍَح‬،ُٚ‫ارطخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢ٛٝ‫ٓظًَزش‬ٖٓ‫ٛ٤جش‬.َٟ‫أه‬
َ‫ط٘ظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬‫كٔذ‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫هي‬٢‫طٞك‬ٝ‫أ‬َِ‫ه‬ ٙ‫حػظَح‬٢ِ‫ػو‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ُْ‫طؼي‬‫طٞٛق‬‫هخٗٞٗخ‬
‫رـَ٣ٔش‬‫رؼي‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫أرط‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬،‫رخإلىحٗش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُـَكش‬

182. -293-
‫ر٘خء‬ ،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬ ‫طزض‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬‫ُٔخ‬
‫ٍٝى‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬683‫ٝحُٔخىس‬684.ٙ‫رؼي‬
350
‫اًح‬ٍ‫حٓظلخ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حإلرطخ‬‫اؿَحء‬‫ٓ٘خه٘خص‬‫ٗلٜ٤ش‬‫ؿي٣يس‬ٖ٤‫ر‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬،‫حأل١َحف‬
٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ٝرخأله‬‫كخُش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٝكخس‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫اٛخرظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬َِ‫رو‬،٢ِ‫ػو‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫اؿَحء‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬
‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫كو‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬،ٚ‫طـ٤ز‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫حٗؼيح‬ٚ‫ٓٔئُٝ٤ظ‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫ٝؿٞى‬ٌٍ‫ػ‬
٢ٗٞٗ‫هخ‬‫ًٌٝح‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫طوخى‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫طوخى‬،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٕ‫كب‬،ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫رؼي‬‫حُظؼزض‬‫َٛحكش‬
ٌٖٓٙٛ،‫حالٓظلخُش‬‫ط‬‫زض‬٢‫ك‬َٛٞ‫ؿ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٕٝ‫ري‬‫ٓخرن‬ٞ‫ٗو‬‫ٝال‬،‫اكخُش‬‫ًُٝي‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬
‫حأل١َحف‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ًخٗٞح‬ٖ٣‫ٓٞؿٞى‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٖ٤ٔ٤‫ٝحُو‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫ط‬ْٜ٘٤‫ؼ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ُ٤وٞٓٞح‬ّ‫ٓوخ‬
ًَ.٠‫ٓظٞك‬
َ‫ٗظ‬ َٜ‫٣وظ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٛيٍص‬٢‫ك‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.‫ٓلِٜخ‬
351
ٌٖٔ٣‫حٓظ٘خىح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـي٣ي‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫رَحءس‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔظَطزش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫١ِز‬
ٌْ‫حُل‬ُٚٞ٣ٞ‫رظؼ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٍَ٠ُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ُلو‬‫رٔزذ‬.‫حإلىحٗش‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٟل٤ش‬‫حُوطؤ‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫هي‬،٢‫طٞك‬َ‫حٗظو‬‫حُلن‬٢‫ك‬‫ٍكغ‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬‫كٔذ‬
ْ‫ٗل‬،١َُٝ٘‫ح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫ُٝؿ‬ُٚٞٛ‫ٝأ‬،ٚ‫ٝكَٝػ‬‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٍٝ‫٣ئ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُلن‬‫ألهخٍد‬ٖ٣َ‫آه‬
‫أرؼي‬‫ِٛش‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫أىُٞح‬‫رٔخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٍَ‫٣ز‬‫ٍَٟح‬‫ٓخى٣خ‬ْٜ‫ُلو‬ٖٓ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.‫رٜخ‬
َ‫٣وز‬‫١ِذ‬ٞ٣ٞ‫حُظؼ‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓخث‬َ‫َٓحك‬‫ٓٔطَس‬.‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬
َٔ‫طظل‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫ٓخ‬ٌْ‫٣ل‬ٚ‫ر‬ٖٓ،‫طؼٞ٣٠خص‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫٣لن‬‫ُٜخ‬‫حَُؿٞع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطَف‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬٢ٗ‫حُٞح‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٗخٛي‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫طٔززٞح‬ْٜ‫روطج‬٢‫ك‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٟ‫ٝطئى‬
‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬‫ًٔخ‬ٟ‫طئى‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬‫حُو٠خء‬.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
352
١‫٣ئى‬‫١خُذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬‫ٓٔزوخ‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬‫ؿخ٣ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫أٓخ‬ ،‫روزُٜٞخ‬
‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُٞحؿزش‬‫رؼي‬‫ٌٛح‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫كظٔزوٜخ‬.‫حُوِ٣٘ش‬
‫اًح‬‫طَط‬‫ذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬٢‫ٜٗخث‬،‫رؼوٞرش‬ٕ‫كب‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َٔ‫٣ظل‬
‫ٍى‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬.‫ُِوِ٣٘ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫طلٔ٤ِٜخ‬٢‫ُطخُز‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬.ٍ‫حُلخ‬
‫اًح‬َٔ‫ه‬‫١خُذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬.‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬
‫اًح‬‫طَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٍ‫هَح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫رزَحءس‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫كب‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫٣ؼِن‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫ؿيٍح‬‫حُٔي٣٘ش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٍ‫ٛي‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ربالىحٗش‬‫ٝحُٔي٣٘ش‬ ،‫ٓخروخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رٜخ‬َ‫ٓو‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫رظض‬٢‫ك‬،‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬‫ٝحُـٔخػش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬،‫حُـ٘لش‬ٝ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـٔخػش‬ ٢‫ك‬‫٣ٞؿي‬
‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٖ١ٞٓ‫١خُذ‬٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬٢‫حُظ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬َ‫آه‬ٖ١ٞٓٚ‫ُِ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ٝهغ‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬
‫حُوطؤ‬‫ٝاًح‬ ،٢‫حُو٠خث‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫هي‬٢‫طٞك‬ٍَ٘ٗ‫حُوَح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫طِوخث٤خ‬ٕٝ‫ٝري‬‫١ِذ‬٢‫ك‬

183. -294-
‫حُـَ٣يس‬،‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬َٓ‫ٝ٣ئ‬َٙ٘٘‫ر‬‫ُ٣خىس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫ؿَحثي‬‫٣وظخٍٛخ‬‫١خُذ‬‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬ٕ‫ا‬
‫١ِذ‬.‫ًُي‬
َٔ‫طظل‬‫حُوِ٣٘ش‬‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬َُ٘٘‫ح‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬.‫اُ٤ٜخ‬

184. -295-
‫خبصخ‬ ‫يظبطز‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انكزبة‬
353
‫اًح‬٢‫حىػ‬٢‫ك‬ ٍُِٝ‫ح‬،‫ٝػ٤وش‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫كخثِٛخ‬‫رؤ٣ش‬‫ٛلش‬‫ًخٗض‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِٜٔٔخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِزٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬.ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ِْٔ‫ط‬ُٚ‫ك٤٘خ‬‫ٜٓ٘ٞى‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ٗٔوش‬.َٛ‫ُأل‬ ‫رٔطخروظٜخ‬
‫اًح‬‫حٓظ٘غ‬ِ‫حُلخث‬ْٖٓ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬٠‫حُٔيػ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍُِٝ‫ح‬،‫١ٞحػ٤ش‬ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫اؿَحء‬ًَ
ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ِ‫كـ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬212‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬215ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ.
‫اًح‬َ‫ػؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ْ‫٣ظ‬‫كٍٞح‬‫طٞه٤غ‬ًَ‫ٍٝهش‬ٖٓ‫أٍٝحهٜخ‬ٖٓ‫حُِٔطش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رخَٗص‬
‫كـِٛخ‬ٚ‫ٝحُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ًخٗض‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫كب‬ .ٚ‫ك٤خُط‬‫حٓظ٘غ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حأله‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ِ‫ػـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬
ٚٗ ،‫ًُي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫ٓل‬.ِ‫حُلـ‬
354
‫طٞىع‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬٠‫حُٔيػ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫رٔـَى‬‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كـِٛخ‬‫رٌظخرش‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬٢٠ٔ٣ٝ
‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬،‫ٛللخطٜخ‬ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬‫ٓل٠َح‬‫ٓلٜال‬‫٣ٜق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬،‫حُٔخى٣ش‬‫ًٔخ‬
٢٠ٔ٣‫ٛللخطٜخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ّٞ‫٣و‬‫رب٣يحػٜخ‬‫رٌظخرش‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٌ‫ٝ٣ؤه‬‫ًخطذ‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ٍٛٞس‬
.‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ٝ١خرغ‬ ٚ‫ربٓ٠خث‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ٜخىم‬ ‫ػٜ٘خ‬
‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬‫٣ٔ٠٤ٜخ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬‫ٝحُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ٕ‫ا‬
‫حٗظٜذ‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫هي‬ٕٞ‫٣ٔظيػ‬‫ألىحء‬ْٜ‫ٜٗخىط‬.‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬
.َ٠‫رخُٔل‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ ،ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظٞه٤غ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ْٛ‫أكي‬ ‫حٓظ٘غ‬ ‫اًح‬
‫حُزلٞع‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ‫إلؿَحء‬ َ‫٣٘ظو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍُِٝ‫رخ‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞرش‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘يحص‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ٢ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬ ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬ ١‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬ ‫ٝحُظلَ٣خص‬
.‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ ٌٙٛ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫أػيص‬
ُ٘‫ح‬ َ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫٤خرش‬–‫حُ٠ٍَٝس‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬-ٌٙٛ ٝٞ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ َ‫ر٘و‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٝ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫َُِ٘١ش‬ ٢‫ٟخر‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬
355
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َٔ‫طٔظؼ‬‫ًٔٔظ٘يحص‬،‫ُِٔوخٍٗش‬‫اال‬‫حُٔلٍَحص‬‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬،‫ٝكيٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬‫حُٔلٍَحص‬‫حُوٜٞٛ٤ش‬‫رٜخ‬ ‫حػظَف‬ ٢‫حُظ‬‫حأل١َحف‬.َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٕٞ٤٘‫حُٔؼ‬

185. -296-
356
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٓلٍَحص‬ ُٞ‫٣ل‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ٛخُلش‬ ‫هٜٞٛ٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ًٔٔظ٘يحص‬
،‫ُِٔوخٍٗش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِٜٔٔخ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔطش‬686.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬‫حٓظ٘غ‬ٖ‫ػ‬،‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬،‫١ٞػخ‬ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫اؿَحء‬ًَٖ٤‫طلظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ِ‫كـ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬
212‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬215.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
357
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫حُٔؼيس‬‫ُِٔوخٍٗش‬٢‫ٝحُظ‬‫هيٜٓخ‬ٖ٤ٓ‫أ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٓٞٔ‫حُؼ‬‫كـِص‬ٖ٤‫ر‬
ٚ٣‫٣ي‬‫ٝػخثن‬،‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬‫طٔظوَؽ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ٗٔوش‬ّٞ‫٣و‬ ‫ٍٛٞس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
‫ريحثَطٜخ‬٢ٓٞٔ‫حُؼ‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫حأل‬‫رٔوخٍٗظٜخ‬‫ٓغ‬‫أِٜٛخ‬َٗ‫ٝ٣ئ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓطخروظٜخ‬.َٛ‫ُأل‬
َ‫طل‬‫حُ٘ٔوش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حٍُٜٞس‬‫حُٔٔظوَؿش‬َٖٓٛ‫حأل‬َ‫ٓل‬َٛ‫حأل‬‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬‫ر٤ي‬ٖ٤ٓ‫حأل‬
،٢ٓٞٔ‫حُؼ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ِْٔ٣‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ٗٔوخ‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ َ‫ٗظخث‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔوخٍٗش‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫أؿَحٛخ‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬٠ُ‫ٝح‬َٙ٤ٗ‫طؤ‬.‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬‫ٓيٝٗش‬٢‫ك‬،َ‫ٓـ‬ُ‫ؿخ‬‫ُٜ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫رٜلش‬‫حٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬
‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُٔـ‬ٕ‫ٝأ‬٢٘‫طٔظـ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حٓظوَحؽ‬‫ٗٔوش‬.ٚ٘ٓ
362
‫٣لن‬ٌَُٚ‫ٗو‬‫كـِص‬ٙ‫ػ٘ي‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬‫ٓؼيس‬‫ُِٔوخٍٗش‬‫ٝأٍحى‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍٝ‫٣ؼخ‬٢‫ك‬‫طوي٣ٜٔخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
،ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬‫١ِزخ‬‫رٌُي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬،‫حُو٠٤ش‬‫ٝ٣زض‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬٢‫ك‬
ٚ‫١ِز‬َٓ‫رؤ‬،٢‫ه٠خث‬ٌٖٔ٣ٖٝ‫حُطؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬ َٓ‫حأل‬‫رطَم‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
‫حُٔٔطَس‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
362
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬ْٖٜٓ‫حُٔظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫٣وي‬َْٓ٣ٝٙ‫ر٤ي‬‫كَٝكخ‬‫ػالٓخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫ٝك‬‫كخُش‬
ٞ‫حَُك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٘٣ ،‫حالٓظ٘خع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬.َ٠‫حُٔل‬
360
،‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫ٝ٣زض‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٠‫حُٔيػ‬ َ٣ِٝ‫حُظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬
‫ٝحُٔخىس‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬675‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٍُِٝ‫رخ‬ ٖ‫رخُطؼ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬
361
‫اًح‬‫ػزض‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫ٝػ٤وش‬ ٢‫ك‬‫ًِٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫رؼ٠ٜخ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫رظض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬
ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رلٌكٜخ‬‫طـ٤٤َٛخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٍىٛخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٜٜٗخ‬٢‫حُلو٤و‬ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬َ٠‫ٓل‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬‫ٌٛح‬.ٌْ‫حُل‬
‫طَى‬‫حُٞػخثن‬‫حُٔٔظؼِٔش‬‫ُِٔوخٍٗش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٖٕٓ‫ًخ‬‫٣لُٞٛخ‬٢‫ك‬َ‫أؿ‬‫هٔٔش‬َ٘‫ػ‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
َ‫حألًؼ‬‫٣ٜزق‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫رؼي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.ً‫خ‬٤‫ٜٗخث‬

186. -297-
362
‫اًح‬٠‫حىػ‬‫أكي‬ً‫خ‬َٟ‫ػ‬ ‫حأل١َحف‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬‫ٝهغ‬‫حإلىالء‬‫رٜخ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫هال‬
،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٢‫ٓيػ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ُِطَف‬َ‫ح٥ه‬‫اٌٗحٍح‬ٍٙ‫الٓظلٔخ‬‫ػٔخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬١ٞ٘٣
ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ّ‫أ‬.‫ال‬
363
‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬‫حُطَف‬ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬٠ِ‫٣ظو‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬‫حُٞػ٤وش‬٠‫حُٔيػ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
،ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ُْ‫٣ـذ‬‫ر٘٢ء‬َ‫ىحه‬‫حُؼٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٢‫حُظ‬٢ِ‫ط‬‫ٓلزض‬ ،ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ٖٓ.ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬‫حُطَف‬ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٚٗ‫رؤ‬ ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬١ٞ٘٣ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬،‫حُٞػ٤وش‬١َ‫أؿ‬‫طلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬
ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٍٝ‫حُؼخ‬ ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٌْ‫ٝك‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ٓ٘لِٜش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬.‫حَُث٤ٔ٤ش‬
364
‫اًح‬ْ‫ُػ‬‫حُطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٠‫حىػ‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ٞٛ ‫رٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫أى‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞػ٤وش‬ ٢‫ك‬ٍُِٝ‫ح‬ ‫َٓطٌذ‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُٔ٘خٍى‬،ٚ٤‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫اؿَحءحص‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫طٔٔق‬‫رٔؼَكش‬‫َٓطٌذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍُِٝ‫ح‬‫حُٔ٘خٍى‬،ٚ٤‫ك‬
‫ًٝخٗض‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ُْ٢‫طٔو‬،‫رؼي‬‫اؿَحء‬ ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬
686‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬694.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حإلىػخء‬‫ِٗحػخ‬ ٍُِٝ‫رخ‬‫ػخٍٟخ‬‫أػ٘خء‬ ‫١َأ‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬،‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ َ‫٣ئؿ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫٣زض‬‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬.ٍُِٝ‫ح‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حإلىػخء‬‫ِٗحػخ‬ ٍُِٝ‫رخ‬‫ػخٍٟخ‬‫١َأ‬‫أػ٘خء‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬‫ؿخٍ٣ش‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬،‫ُؿَ٣ش‬
‫رظض‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٗلٜٔخ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٓظٔخػٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬َٓ‫حأل‬٢٠‫٣وظ‬
َ٤‫طؤؿ‬‫حُزض‬٢‫ك‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حَُث٤ٔ٤ش‬ّ‫أ‬.‫ال‬
365
‫اًح‬‫حًظ٘لض‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُزلغ‬٢‫ك‬،‫ِٗحع‬ُٕٞٝ‫ًخ‬،‫ٓيٗ٤خ‬‫ػالٓخص‬‫طٌ٘ق‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٝؿٞى‬
ٍُٖٝٓٝ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٔٔق‬‫رٔؼَكش‬،ٚ‫َٓطٌز‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬
‫حُؼخٓش‬ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬‫حُٞػخثن‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٜ‫٣ظ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حٍطٌزض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬٠‫٣ِو‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬
366
‫اًح‬‫طِلض‬ٍٞٛ‫أ‬‫ٓوٍَحص‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ٟخػض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كويص‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫هز‬،‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬‫ٍٝػ٤ض‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬
‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬.‫ح٥ط٤ش‬

187. -298-
367
‫اًح‬ٌٖٓ‫أ‬ٍٞ‫حُؼؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ٗظ‬‫ٗٔوش‬‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫كبٜٗخ‬ ،ٍَ‫حُٔو‬َ‫طل‬َ‫ٓل‬َٛ‫حأل‬
‫ٝ٣لظلع‬‫رٜخ‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬‫حُٜلش‬٢‫ك‬‫ًظخرش‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٌُٜٙ،‫حُـخ٣ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَِ‫كخث‬َ٤‫ُ٘ظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٗٔوش‬‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬‫ٓٞحء‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٗوٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٓٞٔ‫ػ‬
،ً‫خ‬ٛ‫هخ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ِٜٔٔخ‬َٓ‫رؤ‬ْٖٓ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حٓظ٘غ‬ٖٓ‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬،‫١ٞػخ‬
ُ‫ؿخ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٟ‫طـ‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬َ٤‫طيحر‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ِ‫حُلـ‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬212‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬
215.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
‫٣لن‬ُٖٕٔ‫ًخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ُ٘ظ‬ ً‫ح‬ِ‫كخث‬‫ٗٔوش‬‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬َٖٓٛ‫أ‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫كوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٟخع‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِق‬
،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫خ‬٘ٔ‫ٓئط‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ُٖٕٔٝ‫أ‬َٜ‫٣ل‬‫ًظخرش‬ ٖٓ٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫ػ٘ي‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘ٔوش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫حُ٘ظ‬َ٤‫ٗظ‬
ٚ٘ٓٝ‫أ‬‫ٍٛٞس‬‫ٜٓ٘ٞى‬‫رٔطخروظٜخ‬َٛ‫ُأل‬‫ٓؼلخس‬ًَٖٓ.َ‫ٛخث‬
372
‫اًح‬َُْ‫٣ؼؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٗٔوش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ٗظ‬ ١‫أ‬‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ٖٓ،ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫رظض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬ٖٓ
‫ؿي٣ي‬‫رؼي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طؼخى‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬ٍ‫حُلخ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬.‫حُظخُ٤ش‬
372
‫اًح‬‫طِق‬‫ِٓق‬ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ٌُْْ‫٣ل‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٟخع‬،‫كوي‬‫أػ٤ي‬ٚ‫طؤُ٤ل‬‫رٞحٓطش‬ٖٓ َ٤‫ٗظ‬
َٟ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حُٔؼزظش‬‫ُٞهٞع‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٖٓٝ‫حُزلغ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬٢َُٔٓ‫ح‬ٖٓٝ‫حُ٘ٔن‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬96.
370
‫اًح‬٠‫حىػ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ْ٤ُٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔوٜٞى‬،ّ‫رخالطٜخ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ
‫حُٜ٤جش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طزض‬٢‫ك‬‫حُِ٘حع‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬.‫حُٜٞ٣ش‬
371
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حُٜٔيٍس‬‫ُِؼوٞرش‬‫ٝكيٛخ‬‫رخُظلون‬ٖٓ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫اًح‬٠‫حىػ‬
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬١َ‫٣ـ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝٞ‫حُٔوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼي‬ٍٙ‫كَح‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫هطؤ‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬
ٕ‫ٝأ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫ال‬‫ط٘طزن‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
372
‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حَُٔكٞػش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬،ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬،ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
ْ‫٣ِػ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ٟٓٞٞع‬‫حُوطؤ‬‫رؼي‬‫حإلٜٗخص‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫حٓظيػٞح‬‫رطِذ‬ٚ٘ٓ
ٝ‫أ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬

188. -299-
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫ربؿَحء‬١‫أ‬‫ٗٞع‬ٖٓ‫أٗٞحع‬‫حُظلَ٣خص‬َٝ‫ٝرؼ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬َ٤‫حُٔؼ‬
‫ُِِ٘حع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬١‫أ‬َ٤‫هز‬ٚ‫ٝرخأله‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٜٔخُق‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬‫رخُظلون‬ٖٓ.‫حُٜٞ٣ش‬
373
‫ططزن‬‫ًٌُي‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬6:4ٝ6:5،ٙ‫أػال‬‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٕ‫أ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫هي‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫طلض‬ْٓ‫ح‬َ٤‫ؿ‬،ٚٔٓ‫ح‬،ٌٖٔ٣ٝ‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬
َ‫ُِِؿ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُلخُش‬ ٍ‫حٗظلخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٓ‫حال‬ ٍ‫حٗظلخ‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬
70
2373
‫ػِٔ٤خص‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ‫رلغ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ‫رٔ٘خٓزش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣
ّ‫ألكٌخ‬ ‫حُوخٟؼش‬ ‫حألر٘خى‬ ٖٓ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫٣٘ظز‬ ٍ‫أٓٞح‬ ‫طلًَخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬2.:4.258‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26َّ‫ٓل‬ ٖٓ2525(7ٞ٤ُٞ٣2::4‫حُٔظؼِن‬ )
‫َٝٓحهزظٜخ‬ ٕ‫حالثظٔخ‬ ‫ٓئٓٔخص‬ ١‫ٗ٘خ‬ ‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬
71
‫حُلَس‬ ‫حألر٘خى‬ ٖٓٝ(off shore)١َٔ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ّ‫أكٌخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬69.:1‫حُلَس‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔ٘خ١ن‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ُٔ‫ح‬َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜخىم‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬2.:4.242‫رظخٍ٣ن‬34ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬ ٖٓ2523(37َ٣‫كزَح‬2::3)
72
.
‫رـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜٔخ‬ ‫أك٤ِض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫ُٜٝ٤جش‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ‫اٍٛخر٤ش‬
0373
ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ ِ‫كـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رظـٔ٤ي‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطخص‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬
.َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٌٙٛ ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ر٘ي‬ ‫ٓٔخػيس‬ ‫ططِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٌُٜٙ ٌٖٔ٣
٢‫ك‬ ٍَ‫طو‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬ ‫حُٔظوٌس‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ر٘ي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫طزِؾ‬.‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬
1373
ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طلَ٣ٌٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظَٜف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طزي٣ِٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔظٌِخص‬ َ‫ُ٘و‬ ‫حُٔئهض‬ ‫حُٔ٘غ‬ ‫رخُظـٔ٤ي‬ ‫٣وٜي‬
.‫ُِلَحٓش‬ ‫اه٠خػٜخ‬
70-‫حُو‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حَُحرغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫أٟ٤ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔخىٓش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ْٓ‫خ‬
14.14،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫حُٔخُق‬.ًٌَُ‫ح‬
71-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٗٔن‬ ْ‫ط‬25:ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ45.14‫ٝحُٜ٤جخص‬ ٕ‫حالثظٔخ‬ ‫رٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫َٗ٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫كٌٜٔخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔؼظزَس‬2.16.289‫رظخٍ٣ن‬26َّ‫ٓل‬ ٖٓ2538(25َ٣‫كزَح‬
3117‫؛‬ )‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬64:8‫رظخٍ٣ن‬32َّ‫ٓل‬2538(31َ٣‫كزَح‬3117ٙ ،)546.
72-َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ٝ‫طظٔ٤ٔٚ؛‬‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬5253‫رظخٍ٣ن‬24ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬2523(29ٍّ‫ٓخ‬2::3ٙ ،)
48:.

189. -29:-
2373
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُزٌ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬2-6:6‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
ٙ‫أهٜخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔطِٞرش‬41.‫رخُطِذ‬ َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٚ‫طٞحؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُألر٘خى‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ال‬2-6:6‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ر٘ي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َُٔ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُللخظ‬ ‫رٔزيأ‬
73
.
‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬‫ُي٣ٜخ‬ ٕٞٓ‫حُٔٔظوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓٔ٤َٝٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألر٘خى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ر٘ي‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬ ٕ١‫أل‬
َٜ‫حُل‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬557‫ُِٔٔئُٝ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫ىػ‬ ١‫أ‬ ْٛ‫ٟي‬ ّ‫طوخ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ
ُْٜ ‫حُٔوُٞش‬ ّ‫ٝحُٜٔخ‬ ٍ‫حألػٔخ‬ ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬،.ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ٗطخم‬ ٢‫ك‬
3373
ُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬ ‫٣ٔ٘غ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٝ‫حألؿَح‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٝ‫ألؿَح‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٔؼِٞٓخص‬
.ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬
4373
‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٌٓخكلش‬ ٍ‫ٓـخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫ُِلٌٞٓش‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬
،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ٖٓ ‫رطِذ‬ ،َ٤‫طل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫ٝحٍُٔ٘٘ٞس‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘٠ٔش‬
٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُطِذ‬;‫حُظخُ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ً‫الطوخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ
2-٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔٔظٌِخص‬ ‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫ط‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫رؼخثي‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫ٝحُظؼَ٣ق‬ ‫حُزلغ‬
ٚ‫ه٤ٔظ‬ ‫ططخرن‬ ‫ٓٔظِي‬ ًَ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٌٙٛ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫الٓظويحٜٓخ‬ ‫ٓؼيس‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٓظويٓض‬
‫حُؼخثي‬‫ٜٓ٘خ؛‬
3-‫كـِٛخ؛‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔٔظٌِخص‬ ‫طـٔ٤ي‬
4-‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ ً‫حطوخ‬.‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُٔٔظٌِخص‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُظللظ٤ش‬
;‫اًح‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٞ‫٣َك‬
-ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٜٓخُلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٜٓ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ‫رٔ٤خىس‬ ُْٔ‫ح‬ ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫حُؼخّ؛‬
-‫حُٞ١٘٢؛‬ ‫حُظَحد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫ٜٗخث‬ ٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬
-‫ه٠خ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬‫ًخك٤ش‬ ‫ٟٔخٗخص‬ َ‫طٞك‬ ‫ال‬ ١َٝٗ ‫ٝكن‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬ ٢‫ث‬
‫حُيكخع؛‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫ُلٔخ٣ش‬
-.‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫ػالهش‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫أٓخٜٓخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ّ‫حُٔوي‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
73-‫حُٔخىس‬ َ‫حٗظ‬91ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ45.14٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔؼظزَس‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٤جخص‬ ٕ‫حالثظٔخ‬ ‫رٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫كٌٜٔخ‬،‫ٓخُق‬
;ًٌَُ‫ح‬
‫ٝحُِٔطش‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ‫ر٘ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َُٔ‫رخ‬ ‫حالكظـخؽ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ال‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫"ُ٣خىس‬
"‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُؼخِٓش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.

190. -2:1-
5373
‫طـٔ٤ي‬ ٍَ‫ُٔو‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫حُظَحد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ًَ ،‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤‫طَه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظٞهق‬
‫ه٠خث‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ‫ٜٓخىٍس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِ‫كـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫حُِٔطش‬ ٕ‫ُي‬ ٖٓ ‫١ِذ‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ّ‫ٝهي‬ ‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫٤ش‬
.‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حٓظوي‬ ‫رٔٔظِي‬ ‫رخُٜٔخىٍس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِ‫رخُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُظـٔ٤ي‬ ٚ٤‫حُظَه‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
ّ‫حإلُِح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ٜيف‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ‫رخُظَحد‬ ‫ٝ٣ٞؿي‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚٓ‫الٓظويح‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓؼي‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬
.ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔٔظِي‬ ‫ُو٤ٔش‬ ‫ٓطخرن‬ ١‫ٗوي‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ‫ريكغ‬
;ٖ٤٤ُ‫حُظخ‬ ٖ٤١َُ٘‫ح‬ َ‫طٞحك‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫٣ظٞهق‬
2-‫حُطخُزش؛‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ٝكن‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ ً‫ال‬‫ٝهخر‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ٜٗخث‬ ٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫أ‬
3-‫هخرِش‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ً‫ال‬ٔ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٓخىٍطٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كـِٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طـٔ٤يٛخ‬ ‫حَُٔحى‬ ‫حُٔٔظٌِخص‬ ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫ظَٝف‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜٔخىٍس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِظـٔ٤ي‬.٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫ٓٔخػِش‬
6373
َ‫ٗو‬ ،ٍ‫حألؿ٤خ‬ ‫كوٞم‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،‫رخُٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٚ٤‫طَه‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬
‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالطلخم‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ػيح‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٜٔخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔٔظٌِخص‬ ‫ٌِٓ٤ش‬
ٓ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حطلخه٤ش‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٍ‫ا١خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬.َ‫رخُٔؼ‬ ‫حُٔؼخِٓش‬ ّ‫خ‬
‫طـٔ٤يٛخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ ِ‫رلـ‬ ٚ٤‫رخُظَه‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬ ‫ال‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ِ‫حُلـ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫١٤ِش‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُظَٜف‬ ‫ٝٓ٘غ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ َ‫ػو‬ ‫اال‬
.‫حُظـٔ٤ي‬
7373
‫ٌٓخكلش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫ٓؼخُـش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ًٍٕٞ‫٣٘خ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬
،ْٜ٘ٓ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ،‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٝرٜلش‬ ‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫حُظلًَخص‬
ً‫خ‬ٓ‫طخ‬ ً‫ح‬‫طو٤ي‬ ‫٣ظو٤يٝح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حٓظـالُٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫طِي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حإل١الع‬ ،‫حُٜلخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ٛلش‬ ١‫رؤ‬
‫طلض‬ ٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َُٔ‫ح‬ ٕ‫رٌظٔخ‬َٜ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫١خثِش‬557ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ
.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬
22373
َٜ‫حُل‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرخص‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬557٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ ٖٓ
ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ،‫ًخٗض‬ ‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ػٔي‬ ‫أهزَٝح‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حألر٘خى‬ ٞٓ‫ٓٔظوي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٝ٤ٔٓ
ُ‫أٓٞح‬ ‫طلًَخص‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ ‫رزلغ‬ َٙ٤‫ؿ‬.‫حإلٍٛخد‬ َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬ ‫ػالهظٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫حالٗظزخ‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٚ
ٝ‫ألؿَح‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٜ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ً‫ح‬‫ػٔي‬ َٔ‫حٓظؼ‬ ٖٓ ًَ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ َٝ‫٣ظؼ‬
.ْٔ‫حُو‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٝ‫حألؿَح‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬

191. -2:2-
‫ٔرد‬ ٙ‫انؼذن‬ ‫ٔانظجم‬ ‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انًمزراد‬ ‫رُفٛذ‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫االػزجبر‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
374
.‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ّ‫رٜٔخ‬ ّ‫ُِو٤خ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٝ‫هخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬
ٖٓ ٕٞ‫ٝ٣ؼل‬ ،‫ُِظـي٣ي‬ ‫هخرِش‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ ‫ُٔيس‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُُٞ ٍ‫روَح‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫ٛئالء‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬
.‫حٌُ٤ل٤ش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ْٜٓ‫ٜٓخ‬
ٗ‫ٓخ‬ ‫كيع‬ ‫اًح‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ ،ٚٓ‫رٜٔخ‬ ٚٓ‫ه٤خ‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٍ‫كخ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ُوخ‬ ‫غ‬
.ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ ً‫خ‬٤ٟ‫هخ‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُيحثَس‬ ‫حُظخرؼش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫رِ٣خٍس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬
‫حألهَ؛‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٗ ًَ ‫َٓس‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٢ٔ‫٣٘ظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٟ‫ٓي‬ ‫٣ظظزغ‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ َ٤٤ٔ‫ٝط‬
‫حُظؤى٣ذ؛‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ ‫ٓالٓش‬ ‫َٝٓحهزش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘خء‬ ‫ٝكوٞم‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٜٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ٚ‫ٓالكظخط‬ ٚ٘ٔ٠٣ ‫ُ٣خٍس‬ ًَ ٖ‫ػ‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣َ‫طو‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼي‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ‫ٓـالص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣طِغ‬
‫حُؼخٓش؛‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ٘ٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ َ٤‫ٝ٣ل‬ ،ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ
‫٣ظظز‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫رخُٔـ٘خء‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ‫رطخهخص‬ ‫ٓٔي‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ْٜ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ ْٜ‫ٟٝؼ٤ظ‬ ‫غ‬
.٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝٓالكظخص‬ ْٜٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫ٝحُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٔوٍَحص‬ ُْٜ‫حػظوخ‬ ْ‫ٍٝه‬
.١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫ٝحإلكَحؽ‬ ٞ‫حُؼل‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫ٓوظَكخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣
.َٟ‫أه‬ ٜٙٞٗ ١‫أ‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٚٓ‫ٜٓخ‬ ٍّ‫٣ٔخ‬
375
ّٞ‫طو‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝحُطَف‬،٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬ًَ‫ك٤ٔخ‬،ٜٚ‫٣و‬‫رظظزغ‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬
‫كٔذ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬.ْٔ‫حُو‬
‫٣وغ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬‫٣ٜزق‬َ‫هخر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬١‫أل‬‫١َ٣وش‬ٖٓ‫١َم‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬،‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ُطؼ‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬ ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬.‫حأل١َحف‬
ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ‫٣لن‬.‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوٞس‬ َ‫٣ٔو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬

192. -2:3-
376
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬١َ‫٣ـ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُوٞحػي‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬،‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫رٔـَى‬
‫ٓخ‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫رٔ٘ق‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫١َم‬ ٖٓ ‫١َ٣ن‬ ١‫أل‬ ُٚٞ‫هز‬ ّ‫ُؼي‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ٜٗخث‬
ٖ‫حُطؼ‬.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬
‫ال‬‫ططز٤ن‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫حًظٔذ‬ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬‫هٞس‬‫حُ٘٢ء‬٢٠‫حُٔو‬.ٚ‫ر‬
377
‫٣َؿغ‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُِ٘حػخص‬‫حُؼخٍٟش‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
‫حَُٔحى‬ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٌٖٔ٣ٌُٜٝٙ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّٞ‫طو‬‫رظٜل٤ق‬‫حألهطخء‬‫حُٔخى٣ش‬‫حَُٜكش‬‫حُٞحٍىس‬
.ٚ٤‫ك‬
422
٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َ‫ط٘ظ‬‫حُِ٘حػخص‬‫حُؼخٍٟش‬‫رـَكش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬‫ِٓظٔٔخص‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٚ‫٣َكؼ‬‫حُطَف‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٜٚٔ٣،َٓ‫حأل‬‫ٝ٣ٔظٔغ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ُ‫ٝح‬
٢ٓ‫ٓلخ‬‫حُطَف‬ٕ‫ا‬‫١ِذ‬‫ًُي‬٠ُ‫ٝح‬‫حُطَف‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ٕ‫ا‬٠٠‫حهظ‬.ٍ‫حُلخ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫طؤ‬‫رظٞه٤ق‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫حُٔظ٘خُع‬.ٚ٤‫ك‬
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬َٛ‫حُلخ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٢‫ك‬‫حُِ٘حع‬١‫أ‬ٖ‫١ؼ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬.ٞ‫رخُ٘و‬
‫اإلػذاو‬ ‫ػمٕثخ‬ ‫رُفٛذ‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
422
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫أ‬ِْ‫ػ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢ٜ٘‫ط‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬ًٍَ‫هَح‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ّ‫حإلػيح‬‫رٔـَى‬
.ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬
420
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ّ‫حإلػيح‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٞ‫ٍك‬‫١ِذ‬.ٞ‫حُؼل‬
‫اًح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ٍَٝٓ ‫رؼي‬ ‫اال‬ ّ‫طؼي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫كبٜٗخ‬ ،‫كِٜٔخ‬ ‫ػزض‬ ‫حَٓأس‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ًخٗض‬
.‫كِٜٔخ‬ ‫ٟٝغ‬
ٌ‫ط٘ل‬‫ػوٞرش‬ّ‫حإلػيح‬َٓ‫رؤ‬َٖٓ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬‫ٍٓ٤خ‬،ٙ‫رخَُٛخ‬ّٞ‫ٝطو‬‫رٌُي‬‫حُِٔطش‬
‫حُؼٌَٔ٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ططِزٜخ‬ٌُٜٙ.ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬
421
‫ال‬ٌٕٞ٣ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫ػِ٘٤خ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬ٍَ‫ه‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬.‫ًُي‬
‫٣وغ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬َ‫ىحه‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ٞؿي‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٍٍٖٛ‫حالػظوخ‬‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬
١‫أ‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬َ‫آه‬ٚ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬‫ًُٝي‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬٢‫ح٥ط‬;ْٜٗ‫ر٤خ‬

193. -2:4-
2-‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٍ‫كٔٔظ٘خ‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ٚ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬
ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف؛‬
3-‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٚ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٞ٠‫ػ‬
‫حُوَحٍ؛‬
4-ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫ٓ٤وغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ‫كؤكي‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ ‫ه٠خس‬ ‫أكي‬
‫حًٌٍُٔٞس؛‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ
5-ٌ‫ٓل‬ ٖٓ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخد‬ ‫أكي‬‫حُظ٘ل٤ٌ؛‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫ٓ٤وغ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ‫ٔش‬
6-ٞٓ‫ٓلخ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫ػِ٤ٚ؛‬
7-ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬
‫آهَ؛‬ ٕ‫رٌٔخ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ً‫ال‬‫ٓؼظو‬
8-‫حُؼخٓش؛‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُيٍى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫حأل‬ ٍ‫ٍؿخ‬
9-‫١ز٤ذ‬ُٔ‫ح‬‫ئٓٔش‬،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬‫ٝاًح‬،‫ًُي‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬‫كطز٤ذ‬ٚ٘٤‫طؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش؛‬
:-٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔٔخٝ٣ش‬ ‫حُي٣خٗش‬ َ‫ٓٔؼ‬ َ٠‫ك٤ل‬ ً‫خ‬ِٔٔٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٝاًح‬ ،ٕ‫ٝػيال‬ ّ‫آخ‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌ‫حُٔ٘ل‬ ‫٣ؼظ٘وٜخ‬
422
‫اًح‬‫أٍحى‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢٠‫٣ل‬١‫رؤ‬،‫طَٜ٣ق‬ٙ‫ك٤ظِوخ‬ٚ٘ٓ٢ٟ‫هخ‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬4‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ‫رٔٔخػيس‬‫ًخطذ‬.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
423
ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬‫كٍٞح‬َٖٓ‫هز‬‫ًخطذ‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞهؼ‬ ،٢‫حُ٠ز‬ٖٓ ًَ‫ؿَكش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬
ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔؼ‬ٖٓ‫١َف‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬َ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫ًٝخطذ‬
.٢‫حُ٠ز‬
‫طؼِن‬‫ٓزخَٗس‬‫رؼي‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫رزخد‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٝهغ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬
ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬٠‫ٝطزو‬‫ٓؼِوش‬‫ُٔيس‬‫أٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬.‫ٓخػش‬
‫اًح‬‫ٝهغ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫٣ؼِن‬ ،‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫رزخد‬‫رِي٣ش‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬.ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬
424
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬َ٘٘٣ٖ‫ػ‬‫١َ٣ن‬‫حُٜلخكش‬١‫أ‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٔظ٘ي‬‫٣ظؼِن‬ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬
،ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬‫ٝاال‬َٝ‫طؼ‬‫حُٔوخُق‬‫ُـَحٓش‬‫طظَحٝف‬ٖ٤‫ر‬21.111ٝ71.111.ٍْٛ‫ى‬
‫٣ٔ٘غ‬‫طلض‬‫١خثِش‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٕ‫أ‬َ٘٘٣ٝ‫أ‬‫٣ٌحع‬١‫رؤ‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬َٖٓ‫حُٞٓخث‬-َ‫هز‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ٝ‫أ‬
َ‫هز‬‫طزِ٤ؾ‬َ٤ٜ‫ظ‬ٞ‫حُؼل‬ِْ‫ُؼ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬-١‫أ‬َ‫هز‬ٝ‫أ‬١‫أ‬١‫ٍأ‬ٚ‫أريط‬‫ُـ٘ش‬،ٞ‫حُؼل‬ٝ‫أ‬َٓ‫حأل‬
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ؿالُش‬.‫حُِٔي‬

194. -2:5-
425
ِْٔ‫ط‬‫ؿؼش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ‫اػ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬‫اًح‬‫١ِزض‬،‫ًُي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬ِّ‫طِظ‬ٚ٘‫ريك‬٢‫ك‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ٠‫رٔٔؼ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُـٜخص‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٚ٘‫ىك‬ ْ‫ك٤ظ‬ ‫ٝاال‬ ،‫ػالٗ٤ش‬
‫نهحزٚخ‬ ‫انظبنجخ‬ ‫ٔانؼمٕثبد‬ ٙ‫االحزٛبط‬ ‫االػزمبل‬ ‫رُفٛذ‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
426
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫كَٓخ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٖٓٚ‫كَ٣ظ‬‫اال‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬
ُٚ‫رخػظوخ‬ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ‫ٓ٘ي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬
ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬٢٠‫٣و‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬،٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ‫حُلز‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓغ‬
‫َٓحػخس‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬77ٝ91ٖ٤‫حُٔظؼِوظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ‫رخُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حُلَحٓش‬
.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫اال‬‫رٔئٓٔخص‬‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬‫طخرؼش‬‫ُُٞحٍس‬.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
427
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ا٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ٖٓ‫حُٔ٘يحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔطش‬
‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬719‫اػيحى‬‫ِٓق‬،َ‫ٓؼظو‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٙ‫هخ‬‫ٓٞحء‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬
‫حُوٞس‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫طوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫١ٞحػ٤ش‬.ٍ‫ٝحهظ٤خ‬
422
٢‫ك‬326:934
2.::.31124
2531362:::74
422
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣١‫أل‬ٍٞٓ‫ٓؤ‬ٖٓ‫اىحٍس‬ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬
75
ٕ‫أ‬َ‫٣وز‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٗوٜخ‬ ِ‫٣لـ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬ّ‫هي‬ُٚ‫ٓ٘ي‬
ٖٓ‫ٓ٘يحص‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬719‫ٝرؼي‬ ٙ‫أػال‬َ٤‫طٔـ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٔ٘ي‬٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓـ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬24ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬:9-34‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬
،‫حُٔخروش‬‫ٝاال‬َ‫حػظز‬‫َٓطٌزخ‬‫ُـَ٣ٔش‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬.٢ٌٔ‫حُظل‬
74-‫حُـَ٣يس‬‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬5837‫رظخٍ٣ن‬6‫ح٥هَس‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬2531(27َ‫ٓزظٔز‬2:::ٙ ،)3394.
75-ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫إلىحٍس‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫"حُٔ٘يٝر٤ش‬ ‫ػزخٍس‬ ‫كِض‬ٝ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ "ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫"اىحٍس‬ َ‫ٓل‬ "‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ْ‫ٍه‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬
3.19.883‫رظخٍ٣ن‬36٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬2541(32١‫ٓــخ‬311:‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُٔ٘يٝر٤ش‬ ْ٤‫ٝط٘ظ‬ ‫حهظٜـخٛــخص‬ ‫رظلي٣ي‬ )
‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫ٝاػخىس‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫إلىحٍس‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6861‫رظخٍ٣ن‬27‫ٍؿذ‬2541(:ٞ٤ُٞ٣311:ٙ ،)
4953.

195. -2:6-
420
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َ‫طظٞك‬ًَ‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫ٓـ‬.ٍ‫ُالػظوخ‬
ّ‫٣وي‬‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُٔـ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬َ٤ٗ‫ٝحُظؤ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٔوظِلش‬‫ػ٘ي‬ًَ
‫ُ٣خٍس‬ّٞ‫طو‬‫ًٌٝح‬ ،‫رٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫ربؿَحء‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ٖ٤‫حُظلظ‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫ُِٔئٓٔش‬
.‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫ُِٔئٓٔخص‬ ْ‫حُٔ٘ظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫ُِطَ٣وش‬ ‫ٝكوخ‬
421
‫٣٠خف‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬٢ِ‫حُلؼ‬ٕ‫ُلَٓخ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٖٓٚ‫كَ٣ظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬٢‫ك‬
،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٌ‫ٝ٣ئه‬ٖ٤‫رؼ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝٓيس‬ٚ‫ٟٝؼ‬‫طلض‬.‫حُ٘ظَ٣ش‬ ‫حُلَحٓش‬
422
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٣‫ٓي‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ٖ٤٤١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫أَٓص‬
‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫رخإلكَحؽ‬‫ًٌٝح‬ ،ْٜ٘‫ػ‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ٌَُٛٔ‫ح‬‫ريٗ٤خ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫أٜٗٞح‬
‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬٢‫ك‬ْٜ‫كو‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣‫ٛ٘خى‬َٓ‫أ‬‫٣ٔظٞؿذ‬ٍ‫حٓظَٔح‬ُْٜ‫حػظوخ‬.
‫٣َكغ‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔٞىع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٕ‫رز٤خ‬ٖٔ٠٣٢‫ك‬َ‫ٓـ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫ِٓق‬
‫ػ٘ي‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٖ‫ػ‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ٚ‫هَٝؿ‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬ٖٓ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬١‫أل‬‫ٓزذ‬
،ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٔزذ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٓ٘ي‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬.‫ًٔخ‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬َ‫ٝرٔـ‬ َ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫رِٔق‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ّٞ٣‫ٝٓخػش‬‫حُوَٝؽ‬ٖٓ.ٖ‫حُٔـ‬
423
‫٣ٞىع‬ٕٜٞٔ‫حُٔظ‬ِٕٞ‫حُٔؼظو‬‫رٜلش‬‫حكظ٤خ١٤ش‬ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬ ٢ِ‫ٓل‬ ٖ‫رٔـ‬‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
‫حُٔلخُش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫حَُٔكِش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫كٔذ‬،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫ٓٔلض‬‫رٌُي‬
‫ٍَٟٝس‬ٖٓ‫حأل‬‫ٝحُويٍس‬‫حإل٣ٞحث٤ش‬‫ُِٔئٓٔش‬.‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬
‫٣ٔٔق‬ٖ٤ِ‫ُِٔؼظو‬ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬‫حالطٜخالص‬‫ٝحُظٜٔ٤الص‬‫حُٔظالثٔش‬‫ٓغ‬‫ٓٔظِِٓخص‬ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬
،ٖٓ‫ٝحأل‬ْٜ٘٤ٌٔ‫ُظ‬ٖٓ‫ٓٔخٍٓش‬ْٜ‫كو‬٢‫ك‬٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫حُليٝى‬ ‫ٗطخم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُيكخع‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
:9-34‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ َ٤٤ٔ‫ٝط‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
2.::.311‫رظخٍ٣ن‬24٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ2531(36ْ‫أؿٔط‬2:::.)
424
ّٞ‫٣و‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫ططز٤ن‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬َ٤ًٝٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫أكي‬ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬‫رظلوي‬‫حُٔـ٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حأله‬‫َٓس‬
ًَ،َٜٗ‫ًُٝي‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫حُظؤًي‬ٖٓ‫ٛلش‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ٖٖٓٝٔ‫ك‬‫ٓٔي‬‫ٓـالص‬.ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
ٍَ‫٣ل‬٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫ٓل٠َح‬ٌَ‫ر‬ٖ٤‫طلظ‬ٜٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫كٍٞح‬٠ُ‫ا‬.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ
425
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫ٓٔؼ‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٟ‫ُي‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬ْ‫ط‬ٚ‫طٌِ٤ل‬ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬٢٠‫طو‬
‫رؼوٞرخص‬‫ٓخُزش‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬‫٣ٔٔي‬‫ٓـال‬ٜٚ‫٣و‬ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬.‫حُؼوٞرخص‬

196. -2:7-
ٖٔ٠‫ط‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬‫رخُظَط٤ذ‬‫٣ٞٓخ‬ّٞ٤‫ر‬‫رؼي‬ًَ،‫ؿِٔش‬‫ٝػ٘ي‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬ٌَ‫ر‬‫ٓزخىٍس‬
‫طظؼِن‬.ٌ٤‫رخُظ٘ل‬
426
‫ال‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ً‫خ‬ٗ‫ٓيح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫اال‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬٢‫ه٠خث‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫حًظٔذ‬‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬
َ‫٣ؼظز‬ًَ ،ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬ ً‫ال‬‫ٓؼظو‬ٚ‫ٗو‬‫طٔض‬ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬‫ؿ٘خث٤خ‬ٍُْٝ‫٣ٜي‬‫رؼي‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬ٌْ‫ك‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ‫حًظٔذ‬
ًَ ،ً‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ري‬ ً‫خ‬ٌَٛٓ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ْ‫ط‬ٚٔ‫كز‬‫رٔزذ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫أىحء‬‫ٓخ‬ٚ‫رٌٓظ‬ٖٖٓ٣‫ى‬
76
.
427
‫٣و٠غ‬‫حُٔـ٘خء‬ٕٜٞٔ‫حُٔظ‬ٕٞ‫حُٔظخرؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رٔظخرؼش‬‫ؿي٣يس‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬
،َٟ‫أه‬ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ّ‫حُ٘ظخ‬‫حُٔطزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬٢‫رخه‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬،ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طٔ٘ق‬ًَُْٜ
‫حُظٜٔ٤الص‬ٕ‫ُ٠ٔخ‬ْٜ‫كو‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُيكخع‬
،ٌٖٔ٣‫ػ٘ي‬،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ٕ‫أ‬َٝ‫٣ل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫حُٔ٘غ‬ٖٓ‫ٓغ‬ ،َ٤‫رخُـ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬
‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬34.:9‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ َ٤٤ٔ‫ٝط‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬
.ٙ‫أػال‬
402
َُٜٔ‫ح‬ ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ١‫٣٘خ‬ ،‫َُِٔحهزش‬ ‫ُـ٘ش‬ ْ٤ِ‫اه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٔخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝال٣ش‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫طٌِق‬
ٝ َ٤‫طٞك‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ‫طـٌ٣ش‬ ّ‫ٗظخ‬ ٠ِ‫ٝػ‬ ٝ‫حألَٓح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحُٞهخ٣ش‬ ٖٓ‫ٝحأل‬ ‫حُٜلش‬ َ‫ٓخث‬
ً‫خ‬٤‫حؿظٔخػ‬ ْٜ‫ٝاىٓخؿ‬ ‫حألهاله٤ش‬ ْٜ‫طَر٤ظ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔٔخػيس‬ ‫ًٌٝح‬ ‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ْٜ‫ك٤خط‬ ‫ٝظَٝف‬
.ْٜ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫الثوخ‬ ‫ٓلال‬ ُْٜ‫ٝاكال‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٙ‫ٝ٣ٔخػي‬ ،ِٚ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٝٞ‫ٓل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ٌٙٛ ّ‫ٝ٣ظَأ‬
‫رخُٜلش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ َ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫ٝهخ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝٝ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
‫هطخػخص‬ ِٞ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ‫رٜٔخ‬ ‫طٞؿي‬ ٖ٤‫حُِظ‬ ‫حُـٔخػش‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ْ٤‫ٍٝث‬ ‫حُـٜش‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬ ْ٤‫ٍٝث‬
.٢ُٜ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٣ٌٞ‫ٝحُظ‬ ‫ٝحَُ٣خٟش‬ ‫ٝحُ٘ز٤زش‬ ‫حالؿظٔخػ٤ش‬ ٕٝ‫ٝحُ٘ئ‬ ‫حُٞ١٘٤ش‬ ‫حُظَر٤ش‬
،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ُ٣خىس‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ْ٠‫ط‬‫حُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ْٜ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓظطٞػ‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬
.ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ َ٤ٜٔ‫ر‬ ‫رخٛظٔخٜٓخ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٝكش‬ ‫حُ٘وٜ٤خص‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬
76-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٍٕ‫هخ‬2ٖٕٓٞٗ‫حُوخ‬34.:9;ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ّٜٞ‫رٔل‬ ‫ٓؼظوال‬ َ‫"٣ؼظز‬.‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬ ‫ٓئٓٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٚ‫ا٣يحػ‬ ْ‫ٝط‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُذ‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ‫حطو‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
.‫ٓظٜٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ظ٘٤٘خ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫ٓٞحء‬ ،‫رخإلىحٗش‬ ٢‫هطؼ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ُْ َ‫ٓؼظو‬ ًَ ،‫حكظ٤خ١٤خ‬ ‫ٓؼظوال‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬
.‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٢‫هطؼ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ َ‫ٓؼظو‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ،‫ٓيحٗخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬
‫ٌَٓٛخ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬."٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ٗطخم‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حػظو‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ،‫ريٗ٤خ‬

197. -2:8-
402
‫طَحد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔٞؿٞىس‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫ُِ٣خٍس‬ ‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ َٛ‫طئ‬
‫حُٔالكظخص‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝطَكغ‬ ،ْ٤ِ‫حإله‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔخُش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞال٣ش‬ٖٓ َٟ‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالٗظوخىحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬
٢‫٣٘زـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظلٔ٤٘خص‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ٙ‫اٜٗخإ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حُ٘ط‬ ‫أٗٞحع‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤٘‫ٝط‬ ‫اريحإٛخ‬ ‫حُٞحؿذ‬
.‫طلو٤وٜخ‬
.ٞ‫حُؼل‬ ٚ‫حٓظلوخه‬ ٖ٤ِ‫حُٔؼظو‬ ٖٓ ‫ُٜخ‬ َٜ‫٣ظ‬ ٖٔ‫ر‬ ‫طٞٛ٤ش‬ ٞ‫حُؼل‬ ‫ُـ٘ش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ٌٜٔ٘خ‬
.‫حُِٔطش‬ ٍ‫أػٔخ‬ ٖٓ َٔ‫ػ‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِـ٘ش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
‫ًٌُي‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ َٛ‫طئ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬ ‫حألكيحع‬ ‫رَػخ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ‫ُِ٣خٍس‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬582ٝ592٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ‫طٌ٘٤ِش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣٠خف‬ ٚٗ‫كب‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ .ٙ‫أػال‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ًٔخ‬ ،‫رخُطلُٞش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُوطخػخص‬ ِٞ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حألكيحع‬
ْٜ٘٤‫٣ؼ‬ ٕٞ‫ٓظطٞػ‬ ‫أػ٠خء‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣٠خف‬‫حُ٘وٜ٤خص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـٔؼ٤خص‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ
.‫ٝكٔخ٣ظٜخ‬ ‫حُطلُٞش‬ ‫رَػخ٣ش‬ ‫رخٛظٔخٜٓخ‬ ‫حُٔؼَٝكش‬
٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حالٗظوخىحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔالكظخص‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ‫ٝطَكغ‬
.‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬
‫ثشزٔط‬ ‫انًمٛذ‬ ‫اإلفزاط‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
400
ٌٖٔ٣ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ِ‫ػ‬ْٜ٤‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ ،‫ؿ٘لش‬‫رَٛ٘ٞح‬‫رٔخ‬
ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حٌُلخ٣ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٔ‫طل‬ٕ‫أ‬ ،ًِْٜٞٓ‫٣ٔظل٤يٝح‬ٖٓ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗٞح‬ٖٓ;ٖ٤‫ر‬
1-ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬‫ه٠ٞح‬‫كزٔخ‬‫كؼِ٤خ‬ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حأله‬‫ٜٗق‬
‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ؛‬
2-ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿ٘ل٤ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ٝهخثغ‬‫ٝٛلض‬‫رؤٜٗخ‬،‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬‫حُلي‬٠ٜ‫حأله‬ْٔ‫ه‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ‫ُِؼوٞرش‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫كزٔخ‬‫ه٠ٞح‬ ‫اًح‬
‫كزٔخ‬‫كؼِ٤خ‬ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حأله‬٢‫ػِؼ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.‫رٜخ‬
‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬َٓ‫حأل‬ٌّٞ‫رٔل‬،‫رخإلهٜخء‬ ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫كال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓيس‬ُْٜ‫حػظوخ‬٢ِ‫حُلؼ‬َ‫أه‬ٖٓ
‫ػالع‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫طلٔذ‬ّٖٓٞ٤ُ‫ح‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫أٛزق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬َ٤‫طير‬‫حإلهٜخء‬١ٍ‫ٓخ‬.ٍٞ‫حُٔلؼ‬
401
‫اًح‬‫ٝؿذ‬‫ه٠خء‬‫ػيس‬‫ػوٞرخص‬،‫رخُظظخرغ‬ٖ٤‫طؼ‬‫ٟٜٔخ‬ٙ‫ٝحٓظوال‬‫ٓيس‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫حُٔلَٟٝش‬
ٖٓ‫ٓـٔٞػٜخ‬.
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٞ٤‫طول‬‫ٗخطـخ‬،ٞ‫ػل‬ ٖ‫ػ‬١َ‫ك٤ـ‬‫حُلٔخد‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٍ‫رخػظزخ‬.‫حُٔول٠ش‬

198. -2:9-
ٌ‫طئه‬ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫ٓيس‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬٢‫حُظ‬ْ‫ط‬‫ه٠خإٛخ‬‫ٓٔزوخ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ٍ‫حٓظزيح‬‫ػوٞرش‬َٟ‫رؤه‬٠‫كظ‬
ُٕٞ‫ًخ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ريء‬ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُـي٣يس‬ٞٛ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٍٝ‫ٛي‬‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ‫حُظٜ٤َحَُ٘٣ق‬.ٞ‫رخُؼل‬
402
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫رُٞحٍس‬ٍ‫حُؼي‬‫ُـ٘ش‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫ُإلكَحؽ‬،١َٝ٘‫ر‬‫طٌِق‬‫ربريحء‬١‫حَُأ‬٢‫ك‬‫حهظَحكخص‬
٠ُٞ‫ٝ٣ظ‬ ،‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٗ٤خرش‬ ‫ٍثخٓظٜخ‬،ِٚ‫٣ٔؼ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ‫ٝحُؼل‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ٕٝ‫حُ٘ئ‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬
‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫ٝاػخىس‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫اىحٍس‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ٖٓ ٌٕٞ‫ٝطظ‬
77
ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ْ٤‫حَُث‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ،ِٚ‫٣ٔؼ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝٓٔؼ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ُٔلٌٔش‬
‫ٓٞظق‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ‫ًظخرش‬ ٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬.ٞ‫ٝحُؼل‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ٕٝ‫حُ٘ئ‬ ‫رٔي٣َ٣ش‬
403
‫٣ؼي‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬٢٠‫٣و‬‫رٜخ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ػوٞرظ‬‫حهظَحكخص‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬
،١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬‫آخ‬‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٖٓٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬،ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬‫ٝآخ‬‫رظؼِ٤ٔخص‬ٖٓ
َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٣‫ٓي‬‫اىحٍس‬ٟ‫هخ‬ ٖٓ ‫رٔزخىٍس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢
‫حُٔخىس‬266ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬3.11.596٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬7ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬2532(4َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3111)
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫ً٤ل٤ش‬ ٚ‫رٔٞؿز‬ ‫طليى‬34.:9‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ َ٤٤ٔ‫ٝط‬ ْ٤‫رظ٘ظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٌٙ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬2.::.311‫رظخٍ٣ن‬24٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ2531(36
ْ‫أؿٔط‬2:::)
78
‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬ .‫ر‬ ،‫حالهظَحكخص‬ ٌٙٛ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٚٚ٣‫ٍأ‬ ‫ط٠ٔ٤ٜ٘خ‬ ‫ؼي‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫٣طزن‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫ٝاػخىس‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫اىحٍس‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ،َِ‫حُٔؼ‬267ٖٓ
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣ؼَٟٜخ‬ ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخُق‬ َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬735.ٙ‫أػال‬
404
.‫حُٔ٘ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َٓس‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أٗظخٍٛخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حالهظَحكخص‬ َٝ‫طؼ‬
405
ْ‫٣ظ‬‫ٓ٘ق‬‫حالٓظلخىس‬ٖٓ١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬َ٣ُُٞ ٍ‫روَح‬ٍ‫حُؼي‬‫حُِـ٘ش‬ ١‫ٍأ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬
ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬735.ٙ‫أػال‬
ٌٖٔ٣٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫اه٠خع‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٞ‫ُزؼ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ً‫ٝحطوخ‬‫َٓحهزش‬ َ٤‫طيحر‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حُـخ٣ش‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ٝطلو٤ن‬ َ٤ٜٔ‫ط‬‫اػخىس‬‫اىٓخؽ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ٖٓ‫حإلكَحؽ‬٢‫ك‬;‫هخٛش‬ ‫حُٔـظٔغ‬
2-‫ُِ٠لخ٣خ؛‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِوِ٣٘ش‬ ‫حُٞحؿزش‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ‫أىحء‬
77-ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫إلىحٍس‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫"حُٔ٘يٝد‬ ‫طٔٔ٤ش‬ ‫كِض‬ٕٝٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫اىحٍس‬ َ٣‫"ٓي‬ َ‫ٓل‬ "‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫اػخىس‬ٝ"‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫اػخىس‬
٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ْ‫ٍهـ‬ ‫حُ٘ـَ٣ـق‬ َ‫حُظٜ٤ــ‬2.19.5:‫رظخٍ٣ن‬33َ‫ح٥ه‬ ‫ٍر٤ـغ‬ ٖٓ253:(3:َ‫أرَ٣ـ‬3119ٖ٤٤‫رظؼ‬ )
ٚ‫حهظٜخٛخط‬ ‫ٝرظلي٣ي‬ ‫حإلىٓخؽ‬ ‫ٝاػـخىس‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔــ‬ ‫إلىحٍس‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ـيٝد‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬6741‫رظخٍ٣ن‬:
٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬253:(26١‫ٓخ‬3119ٙ ،)226:.
78-‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬5959‫رظخٍ٣ن‬2:ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬2532(27َ‫ٗٞكٔز‬3111ٙ ،)413:.

199. -2::-
3-‫رٔٞح١ٖ؛‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حٌُِٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔٔلش‬ ‫حُوٞحص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١‫رخالٗوَح‬ ّ‫حالُظِح‬
4-.٢‫رؤؿ٘ز‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫طَحد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُطَى‬
‫ح‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٚ٘٣ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٢٠‫٣و‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫ٝحُٔـ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫ٓ٤لَؽ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٖ٤‫ُٔـ‬
ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَؽ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٕ‫ٝحٌُٔخ‬ ،‫حُٔٔ٘ٞف‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ ،‫حُؼوٞرش‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٕ‫ٝر٤خ‬ ،ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫ُِظٞؿ‬ ُٚ ‫حُٔليى‬ َ‫ٝحألؿ‬ ٚ٘١ٞٓ ٚ٤‫ك‬ َ‫٣ـؼ‬
،ٕ‫رخٌُٔخ‬ ُِٚٞ‫ك‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ّ‫٣ظوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَؽ‬َ‫حُظ٘و‬ ‫آخ‬ ‫رٔوظ٠خٛخ‬ ٌٚ٘ٔ٣ ٢‫حُظ‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ٝح‬
.ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ َ‫ٓل‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬
‫ال‬‫٣ٔ٘ق‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬‫اًح‬‫أريص‬‫حُِـ٘ش‬‫ٍأ٣خ‬ٚ٠‫رَك‬.
406
ٍَ‫٣ل‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ َ٣‫ٓي‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظلغ‬ ِْ‫ػ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬
ِْٔ٣ٝ ،‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِٔٔظل٤ي‬ ‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ ٕ‫ٗؤ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓل٠َح‬ٚ‫ٝكخُظ‬ ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ ‫ٍهٜش‬ ُٚ
.‫حُظزِ٤ؾ‬ َ٠‫ٓل‬ ٖٓٝ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝٗٔوش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ْ٤ِ‫حإله‬ َٓ‫ػخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫ٝح‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬
٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُيٍى‬ ٍ‫ٍؿخ‬ ‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ َ‫ٝط٘ؼ‬ .ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ َ‫ٓل‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ َ‫٣ـؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَؽ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٍ‫رخُوَح‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫ٜٝٓخُق‬‫ٓٞء‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫رؤ٣ش‬ ،ٍ‫حُلخ‬ ٠٠‫حهظ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ،‫رٔٞحكخطٜخ‬ َْٛٓ‫ٝطؤ‬
.ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ١َُٝ٘ ٚ‫ٓوخُلظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔلَؽ‬ ‫ٓ٤َس‬
‫رظطز٤ن‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ‫ًٌُي‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬
.‫حُؼوٞرخص‬
407
‫ال‬‫٣ٜزق‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬‫اال‬‫رخٗظٜخء‬‫ٓيس‬ٔ٣ٝ ،‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌٍٖٝ‫حُؼي‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬ّ‫ىح‬ُْ‫٣ٜزق‬
‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬‫اًح‬‫ٓٞء‬ ‫ػزض‬‫ِٓٞى‬‫حُٔٔظل٤ي‬ّٚ٘ٓ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٚٓ‫حكظَح‬١َُِٝ٘‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬ٍ‫هَح‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬
‫حُٔو٤ي‬.١َٝ٘‫ر‬
ٌٖٔ٣٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫ُِ٘٤خرش‬ٝ‫أ‬٢ُ‫ُِٞح‬ٝ‫أ‬َٓ‫ُِؼخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍ‫رخػظوخ‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬‫حُٔلَؽ‬
،ً‫خ‬٤١‫حكظ٤خ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬١َ٘‫ر‬ٍ‫اهزخ‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬َ‫ىحه‬ٕ‫ػٔخ‬‫ٓخػش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝأٍرؼ‬ُٚ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍَ‫٣و‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٛ٘خى‬‫ٓخ‬ٞ‫٣يػ‬‫ُإلروخء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬.َ٤‫حُظير‬
412
١َٔ٣ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ٍٝ‫حُؼي‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حرظيحء‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫طـي٣ي‬‫حإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫ٝ٣وغ‬
‫حإلٍؿخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫ُو٠خء‬‫ٓخ‬٢‫رو‬ٖٓ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬ٖٓ‫ٝهض‬‫ريء‬ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬
‫حُٔو٤ي‬.١َٝ٘‫ر‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌ‫طئه‬ٖ٤‫رؼ‬‫ُظلي٣ي‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬‫ٓيس‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬.‫حُٔخروش‬

200. -311-
412
‫طـذ‬‫حُزطخهش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ْ‫ٍه‬2َٖٓ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ًٍَ‫هَح‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫رخإلكَحؽ‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬
ٍٝ‫حُؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬.ٚ٘‫ػ‬
410
‫ال‬َ‫طوز‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬١‫أ‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬
َٙ‫انجذ‬ ِ‫ٔاإلكزا‬ ‫انًبنٛخ‬ ‫انؼمٕثبد‬ ‫رُفٛذ‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انجبة‬
411
ًْ‫ٝحُٔلخ‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ًْ‫رٔلخ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرخص‬ ‫ٜٝٓخُق‬ ‫رخُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُٜٔخُق‬ ٠ُٞ‫طظ‬
.‫هخٛش‬ ٖ٤ٗ‫هٞح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫هالف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫ٝحُـَحٓخص‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫حٓظ٤لخء‬
َٛ‫٣ئ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًظخرخص‬ ٍٝٞٓ‫ٓؤ‬
26.:8
2.11.28639
253243111
ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ٓٔظوَؽ‬ َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬،‫رخإلىحٗش‬‫ٓ٘يح‬ٌٖٔ٣ٙ‫رٔوظ٠خ‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حألىحء‬ٖٓ
ٍ‫أٓٞح‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬َ‫حُٞٓخث‬.‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٌٕٞ٣ٝ‫ٌٛح‬‫حألىحء‬ٔٓ‫ظلوخ‬‫رٔـَى‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣ٜزق‬
‫حإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫ٌٓظٔزخ‬‫ُوٞس‬‫حُ٘٢ء‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٚ‫اٍحىط‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٢‫كو‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ً‫خ‬٣ٍٞ٠‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫أكٜق‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ْ٣‫طوي‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ٌُخطذ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ،‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ َ‫هز‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ َٗ‫ٓئ‬ ‫رخُيكغ‬ َٓ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ِْٓ ،ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬
‫ٓزِؾ‬ ٢‫٣ٔظٞك‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ َٓ‫حأل‬.‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬
412
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٍ‫أٓٞح‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ًخك٤ش‬َ٤ٜ‫ُظل‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ٝحُـَحٓش‬‫ٍٝى‬‫ٓخ‬ِِّ٣
ٙ‫ٍى‬،‫ٝحُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬ٜٚ‫ك٤و‬‫حُٔزِؾ‬َٜ‫حُٔل‬‫ٝكوخ‬ّ‫ُ٘ظخ‬‫حألٓزو٤ش‬;٢‫ح٥ط‬
1-‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬
2-‫ٍى‬‫ٓخ‬ِِّ٣‫ٍىٙ؛‬
3-‫حُظؼٞ٣٠خص؛‬
4-.‫حُـَحٓخص‬
‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٝٛلٜخ‬ ‫ك٤غ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓوظِلش‬ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫حإلىحٗش‬ ‫طوٍَص‬ ‫اًح‬
٢‫ك‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ً‫ال‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ;٢‫ح٥ط‬ ‫حُظَط٤ذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ِٚ‫طٔظو‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
.‫حُٔوخُلخص‬ ْ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـ٘ق‬

201. -312-
413
ٌٖٔ٣ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ُ‫رخ‬‫ـَحٓش‬‫ٍٝى‬
‫ٓخ‬ِِّ٣ٙ‫ٍى‬‫ٝحُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬،‫ٝحُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٕ‫أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حَُحٓ٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬‫حُٔخروش‬ٟٝ‫ؿي‬ ٕٝ‫ري‬ ‫رو٤ض‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٗظخثـٜخ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.‫ًخك٤ش‬
ْ‫٣ظ‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫رب٣يحع‬ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬٢‫ك‬،ٖ‫حُٔـ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٢‫ٝك‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫ال‬٢‫٣ٔو‬ّ‫حالُظِح‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٓلال‬‫الكوش‬ ‫إلؿَحءحص‬‫رطَم‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬،٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٢ُ‫٣ي‬‫إلػزخص‬َٙٔ‫ػ‬
‫رٜ٘خىس‬ُٞ‫ػ‬‫٣ِٜٔٔخ‬ُٚ٢ُ‫حُٞح‬ٝ‫أ‬َٓ‫حُؼخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓ‫٣٘ٞد‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬‫رٜ٘خىس‬ ّٝ‫ػي‬‫ُِ٠َ٣زش‬ ‫حُو٠ٞع‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٖ١ٞٔ‫ر‬ ‫حُ٠َحثذ‬ ‫ِٜٓلش‬ ‫طِٜٔٔخ‬
414
‫٣ـذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٍ‫طٜي‬ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬‫رَى‬‫ٓخ‬ِِّ٣ٙ‫ٍى‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫رخُظؼٞ٣٠خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طليى‬‫ٓيس‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬.٢ٗ‫حُزي‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حإلؿلخ‬‫آخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫طلي٣ي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬ ،ٚ‫ٓيط‬
‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬ ٌ‫ٝ٣٘ل‬ ‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬ ‫رـَكش‬ ‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ُظزض‬.ٖ‫١ؼ‬ ًَ ْ‫ٍؿ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٌْ‫حُل‬ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬;ٚ‫ططز٤و‬ ٝ‫أ‬
1-٢‫ك‬‫حُٔ٤خٓ٤ش؛‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬
2-‫اًح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ّ‫حإلػيح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫رخُٔـ‬‫حُٔئري؛‬
3-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬َٔ‫ػ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬َ‫٣و‬ٖ‫ػ‬29‫ٓ٘ش‬ّٞ٣ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫ُِـَ٣ٔش؛‬
4-‫رٔـَى‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣زِؾ‬ٌّٖٓٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬71‫ػخٓخ؛‬
5-‫ٟي‬ٖ٣‫ٓي‬‫ُلخثيس‬ٚ‫ُٝؿ‬ٝ‫أ‬ُٚٞٛ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫كَٝػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫اهٞط‬ُٚ‫هخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫أهٞحط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬
ٚ‫ػٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫هخُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫حر‬ٚ٤‫أه‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫حر‬ٚ‫أهظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حر٘ش‬ٚ٤‫أه‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حر٘ش‬ٚ‫أهظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖٓٚ‫طَرط‬ٚ‫ر‬‫ٜٓخَٛس‬
ْٖٓ‫ٗل‬.‫حُيٍؿش‬
415
‫ال‬ٌ‫٣٘ل‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫آ‬‫ٝحكي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُِٝؽ‬ٚ‫ُٝٝؿظ‬َُٖٞٝٓ‫أؿ‬ٕٞ٣‫ى‬،‫ٓوظِلش‬‫ٝال‬
.‫حُٞالىس‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ‫كيٝى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫َٟٓغ‬ ‫حَٓأس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝال‬ َٓ‫كخ‬ ‫حَٓأس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٌ‫٣٘ل‬
416
‫طليى‬‫ٓيس‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ر‬‫حُٔيى‬‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬،ٙ‫رؼي‬‫ٓخ‬ُْٚ٘‫ط‬ٖ٤ٗ‫هٞح‬‫هخٛش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫هالف‬;‫ًُي‬
-ٖٓ‫ٓظش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬(7٠ُ‫ا‬ )( ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬31ٖٓ ‫ػيحٛخ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَحٓش‬ ‫ٓزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )
‫حُؼوٞرخص‬( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫٣و‬ ‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬8.000‫)؛‬

202. -313-
-ٖٓ( ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬26( ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝػ‬ ‫ٝحكي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ )32ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )
( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫آالف‬ ‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ ‫٣لٞم‬8.000( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫أُق‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝ٣و‬ )20.000‫)؛‬
-( ‫ٝحكي‬ َٜٗ ٖٓ2( ٖ٣َٜٗ ٠ُ‫ا‬ )3ٍ‫ى‬ ‫أُق‬ ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣لٞم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )ْٛ
(20.000( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫أُق‬ ٖ٤ٔٔ‫ه‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝ٣و‬ )50.000‫)؛‬
-ٖٓ( َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػالػش‬4( َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ )6‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )‫أُق‬ ٖ٤ٔٔ‫ه‬ ‫٣لٞم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬
( ٍْٛ‫ى‬50.000( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ‫أُق‬ ٢‫ٓخثظ‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫ٝ٣و‬ )311.111‫)؛‬
-ٖٓ( َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ٓظش‬7( َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫طٔؼش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ):‫أُق‬ ٢‫ٓخثظ‬ ‫٣لٞم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )
‫ٝ٣و‬ ٍْٛ‫ى‬( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ٕٞ٤ِٓ ٖ‫ػ‬ َ1.000.000‫)؛‬
-( َٜٗ‫أ‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬ ٖٓ21( ً‫ح‬َٜٗ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ )26‫٣لٞم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ )
( ٍْٛ‫ى‬ ٕٞ٤ِٓ1.000.000.)
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬‫طٔي٣ي‬‫ػيس‬،ٕٞ٣‫ى‬‫كظلٔذ‬ٚ‫ٓيط‬‫كٔذ‬‫ٓـٔٞع‬‫حُٔزخُؾ‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.‫رٜخ‬
417
ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ّ‫٣وي‬‫ٝ٣َكن‬ ،‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫رخإلٟخكش‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ َ‫حُوخر‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٖٓ ‫ر٘ٔوش‬751.ٙ‫رؼي‬
422
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ططز٤ن‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬،٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ٍَُٞٝ‫ٓو‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٚٗ،٢‫ه٠خث‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬
‫ٓٞحكوش‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫ططز٤ن‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ظلون‬َٖٓ‫طٞك‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ٖٓ ‫رخُِٔق‬ ِٚٛٞ‫ط‬ ‫رؼي‬
;‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ
1-٠ُ‫ا‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫١خُذ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫اٌٗح‬ ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫ططز٤ن‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬
٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬٠‫٣زو‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫ٗظ٤ـش‬‫رؼي‬ٍََٝٓ‫أًؼ‬ٖٓ‫ٝحكي‬ َٜٖٗٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬َٛٞ‫حُظ‬‫رٚ؛‬
2-ْ٣‫طوي‬‫١ِذ‬٢‫ًظخر‬ٖٓ‫حُٔطخُذ‬ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٢َٓ٣٠ُ‫ا‬‫حإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔـٖ؛‬
3-‫٣ؼزض‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حإلىالء‬ّ‫ػي‬‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫أٓٞح‬.ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬
‫ال‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حُوٞس‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫ططز٤ن‬
ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬٢‫ك‬،ٚ‫كو‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُٔٞحكوش‬ ٍ‫هَح‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ٖ‫ػ‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫ططز٤ن‬،‫حُؼوٞرخص‬
‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬752.ٙ‫رؼي‬
422
‫هالكخ‬‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬،‫حُٔخروش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓخ‬ٍ‫٣ِح‬‫ٓؼظوال‬‫ٝأٛزق‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬
ٕ‫كب‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫حُطِذ‬ٖٓ
‫١خُذ‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫اٌٗحٍح‬‫ًظخر٤خ‬‫ألىحء‬،ٚ٘٣‫ى‬‫ٝ٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٔ٘٣‫ٌٛح‬

203. -314-
‫اٟخكش‬ ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤ًٌ‫حُظ‬‫حإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ِ‫رٔٞؿ‬‫ٓزِؾ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬‫ٝٓزِؾ‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬‫ًٌٝح‬
‫ٓيس‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٍٞٓ‫حُٔؤ‬
‫اًح‬ٟ‫أى‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚ٘٣‫ى‬ِْٔ٣ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َٛٝ‫ٓٔظوَؽ‬َٖٓ‫ٓـ‬١ً‫أٍٝٓش‬ٚ‫طٞىػ‬‫اىحٍس‬
‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ٓئٓٔش‬‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬‫ٌُٜح‬،َٝ‫حُـ‬َٔ‫ٝ٣ٔظؼ‬‫ٌٛح‬َُٛٞ‫ح‬‫إلػزخص‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حألىحء‬
‫ًٌُي‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ٚ‫ر‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ‫حُل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًظخرش‬٢‫حُ٠ز‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ه٠ض‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬‫ًٌٝح‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫اىحٍس‬
.‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬
‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ّ‫رؼي‬ٚ‫هيٍط‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٞكخء‬ٚ٘٣‫ري‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ًُي‬٢‫ك‬َ٠‫ٓل‬ٍَٙ‫٣ل‬
ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔئٓٔش‬‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ٜٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍٞ‫حُل‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫رؼي‬‫حال١الع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٠‫حُٔل‬‫٣ٞهغ‬ ،ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ربروخء‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
٢‫ك‬.ٖ‫حُٔـ‬‫ٝ٣و٠غ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٙ‫ُإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫رؼي‬‫ه٠خء‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬‫ٓغ‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حأله٤َس‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬746.ٙ‫أػال‬
420
‫اًح‬ُْْ‫٣ظ‬‫طزِ٤ؾ‬‫حإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬‫ٓٔزوخ‬،ٖ٣‫ُِٔي‬ٚٗ‫كب‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬َ‫هز‬ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬‫ٝال‬ .ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬‫٣ؼظي‬
ٍ‫رخإلٌٗح‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫حُٔٔزٞم‬‫رظزِ٤ؾ‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬.‫حإلىحٗش‬
421
‫اًح‬‫ٝهغ‬،‫ِٗحع‬َ٠‫أك‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٝٞ‫حُٔوز‬‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬
‫كخُش‬ٍ‫حػظوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ٖ‫حٌُخث‬‫ٓوَٛخ‬َ‫رٔل‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ّ‫ٝ٣وي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬
‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ُِزض‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُِ٘حع‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُِ٘حع‬‫٣ظؼِن‬‫رٜلش‬‫اؿَحءحص‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬،٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫رض‬ْ٤‫حَُث‬٢‫ك‬‫حُوالف‬ٌَ٘‫ر‬
،٢ُ‫حٓظؼـخ‬ٌ‫ٝ٣٘ل‬َٙٓ‫أ‬ْ‫ٍؿ‬ٖ‫حُطؼ‬.‫رخالٓظج٘خف‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ِٗحع‬ٍٝ‫ػخ‬ِِّ‫٣ٔظ‬،ً‫ح‬َ٤ٔ‫طل‬‫ططزن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬6::ٝ711.ٙ‫أػال‬
422
‫ططز٤ن‬ ‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ٖ٣‫رخُٔي‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ ٢ٟ‫هخ‬ ‫٣ليى‬
٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬ ‫كٜش‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٠‫ٝطَحػ‬ ،ٖ٤٘٣‫حُٔي‬ ٖٓ‫رظ٠خ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬
.ٖ٣‫حُي‬ ٖٓ َٓ‫رخأل‬
423
ٌٖٔ٣ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ْٜ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٙ‫رخإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظـ٘زٞح‬ُٚٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٞ‫٣ٞهل‬‫ح‬‫آخ‬ ،ٚٗ‫َٓ٣خ‬‫رؤىحء‬
‫ٓزِؾ‬ٍٖٓ‫حُٔخ‬‫ًخف‬‫الٗو٠خء‬ٖ٣‫حُي‬َٖٓٛ‫أ‬‫ٝكٞحثي‬َ‫ٝٛٞحث‬‫ٝآخ‬٠َٟ‫ر‬ٖ‫حُيحث‬١ٌُ‫ح‬٠‫ٓؼ‬
٠ُ‫ا‬ُْٜ‫حػظوخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؤىحء‬٢ٔ‫ه‬ٖٖٓ٣‫حُي‬‫ٓغ‬ّ‫حالُظِح‬‫رؤىحء‬٢‫حُزخه‬٢‫ك‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬.‫ٓليى‬
‫٣لَؽ‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ػزٞص‬‫حٗو٠خء‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٣‫حُي‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ.ٖ‫حُيحث‬

204. -315-
424
‫ؿي٣ي‬ ٖٓ ٚٛ‫اًَح‬ ٌٖٓ‫أ‬ ،٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫أىص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حالُظِحٓخص‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬ ٌ‫٣٘ل‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
.ٚ‫رٌٓظ‬ ‫حُزخه٤ش‬ ‫حُٔزخُؾ‬ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬
425
‫اًح‬٠ٜ‫حٗظ‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬‫ُٔزذ‬،‫ٓخ‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬‫حُلخُش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٌ‫رؼيث‬ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫ال‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ْ‫ٗل‬ٖ٣‫حُي‬‫ٝال‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬َٟ‫أه‬‫ٛيٍص‬َ‫هز‬،ٌٙ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫ٓخ‬
ٌُْٖ‫ط‬ٌّٙٛ‫حألكٌخ‬ِِّ‫طٔظ‬‫رٔزذ‬‫ٓـٔٞع‬‫ٓزخُـٜخ‬‫ٓيس‬ٙ‫اًَح‬ٍٞ١‫أ‬ٖٓ‫حُٔيس‬٢‫حُظ‬ْ‫ط‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ٝك‬ٌٙٛ،‫حُلخُش‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫ىحثٔخ‬١‫آوخ‬‫ٓيس‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬ٖٓٙ‫حإلًَح‬
.‫حُـي٣ي‬
‫انؼمٕثبد‬ ‫رمبدو‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انجبة‬
426
‫٣ظَطذ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ّ‫طوخى‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ِٚ‫طو‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٍٖٓ‫آػخ‬‫حإلىحٗش‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫هي‬
‫ٗلٌص‬ٍ‫هال‬ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬75:‫ٝٓخ‬‫رؼيٛخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔخىس‬762.ٙ‫رؼي‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬،ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ٓغ‬،‫ًُي‬ٕ‫كب‬‫كخالص‬ّ‫حٗؼيح‬‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلىحٗش‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬
‫ٗظ٤ـش‬‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫ٌُٜح‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٠‫طزو‬‫ٓخٍ٣ش‬.ٍٞ‫حُٔلؼ‬
ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ،‫ٝحُـَحٓخص‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫حٓظ٤لخء‬ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ّ‫حُظوخى‬ ‫٣٘وطغ‬
.ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ ‫طِي‬ َ٤ٜ‫رظل‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ًٕٝ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫حُـٜخص‬ ٖٓ ٠‫رٔٔؼ‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظل‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬
427
ّ‫طظوخى‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٢٠ٔ‫ر‬‫ػَ٘س‬ ْٔ‫ه‬79
‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬،‫ًخِٓش‬‫طلٔذ‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ
‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫رخُؼوٞرش‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬
‫اًح‬‫طوخىٓض‬‫ػوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫٣و٠غ‬‫روٞس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫١٤ِش‬ٚ‫ك٤خط‬‫ُِٔ٘غ‬ٖٓ‫حإلهخٓش‬
٢‫ك‬َ‫٣ٔظو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ٤ِ‫حإله‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔخُش‬ ‫ىحثَس‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٜٚ‫ٗو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌزض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُ٠ل٤ش‬ ‫رٜخ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ُٚ‫أٓٞح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬‫رٜخ‬ َ‫٣ٔظو‬ٚ‫ٍٝػظ‬.َٕٝٗ‫حُٔزخ‬
.٢‫حُـ٘خث‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حإلهخٓش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔ٘غ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ططزن‬
432
ّ‫طظوخى‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬٢٠ٔ‫ر‬‫أٍرغ‬80
‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫حرظيحء‬ ،‫ًخِٓش‬ٖٓ‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬١ٌُ‫ح‬
‫٣ٜزق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرش‬
79-ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫حُٔخىس‬75:ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
80-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬761ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

205. -316-
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ػوٞرش‬ْ‫حُلز‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬،ٕ‫كب‬‫ٓيس‬ّ‫حُظوخى‬
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓٔخٝ٣ش‬‫ُٔيس‬.‫حُؼوٞرش‬
432
ّ‫طظوخى‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُٔوخُلخص‬٢٠ٔ‫ر‬‫ٓ٘ش‬81
‫ًخِٓش‬ ‫ٓ٤الى٣ش‬،‫طلٔذ‬‫حرظيحء‬ٖٓ‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬
١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ٜزق‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرش‬.
430
٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ٌ٤‫ُظ٘ل‬ ٚٓ‫طوي‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٖٓ َ‫٣وز‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫كخ‬ ١‫رؤ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫طوخىٓض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫ء‬‫ر٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫ؿ٤زظ‬
431
‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬ ١َ‫ُؿ‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫ٓ٘طٞم‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬
‫ح‬ ّ‫طوخى‬ ‫هٞحػي‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ّ‫ألكٌخ‬
243182
‫ىُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حطلخه٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫طوخىٜٓخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘٣ ْ‫ؿَحث‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ّ‫طظوخى‬ ‫ال‬
.‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ ‫َٝٗ٘ص‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٛخىهض‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
432
َٔ٘٣َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫ًَِٓح‬‫ٝ١٘٤خ‬‫طخرؼخ‬‫ُُٞحٍس‬ًْ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ‫ٓلِ٤ش‬ ًِ‫َٝٓح‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬
ْ‫٣ظ‬‫طؼ٤٤ٜ٘خ‬ٍ‫روَح‬َ٣ُُٞ.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
ٚ‫٣وظ‬ًََِٓ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬‫رَٔحهزش‬ًِ‫حَُٔح‬‫حُٔلِ٤ش‬٠ُٞ‫ٝ٣ظ‬‫ٓٔي‬َ‫ٓـ‬٢ُ‫ػي‬
ٙ‫هخ‬ٙ‫رخألٗوخ‬ٖ٣‫حُُٔٞٞى‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬َٖٓ٤‫ؿ‬ٍ‫حػظزخ‬َ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫رطخثن‬ ‫ٝٓٔي‬ ،ْٜ‫ُـ٘ٔ٤ظ‬
٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔٞحى‬789‫ٝٓخ‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ‫رؼيٛخ‬
٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ًََِٓ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬،٢ِ‫حُٔل‬‫ٓٔي‬‫حُٔـالص‬‫حُؼيُ٤ش‬‫ُـٔ٤غ‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬‫ٜٓٔخ‬
‫ًخٗض‬ْٜ‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ظ‬ٖ٣‫حُُٔٞٞى‬‫ريحثَس‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬.‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٙٛ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫١زو‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬
81-‫حُٔخىس‬ ْ٤ٔ‫ٝطظ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬762ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،
82-ٔ‫ط‬‫اٟخكش‬ ‫ض‬‫حُٔخىس‬2-764‫حأل‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬٠ُْٝ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ46.22.ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،

206. -317-
433
٠ُٞ‫٣ظ‬ًَِٓ ‫اىحٍس‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬‫أكي‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٖ٤ِٓ‫حُؼخ‬‫رُٞحٍس‬.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
‫طٔ٘ي‬‫اىحٍس‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬٢ِ‫حُٔل‬‫ألكي‬‫ه٠خس‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬.‫حُؼخٓش‬
434
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ٠ٔٔ‫ط‬ ‫رطخثن‬ ،٢ِ‫حُٔل‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًِ‫َٓح‬ ‫طٔٔي‬2،٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫ُِٔـ‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔليىس‬ ١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ِْٔ‫ٝط‬665٠‫طيػ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ِٓوٜخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ر٤خٗخص‬ ،‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝٓخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬3ْ‫ٍه‬ ٝ‫أ‬4.
‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ِْٔ٣ٝ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٓ ‫٣ٔٔي‬
.‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫ُٝألٗوخ‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ٖ٣‫حُُٔٞٞى‬ ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬
‫رلى‬ ‫انجطبئك‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬2‫َٔظبئزْب‬
435
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ‫طَطذ‬2ٍ‫طخ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ًَ ٚ‫٣و‬ ‫ٝك٤ٔخ‬ ،‫حُٜـخث٤ش‬ ‫حُلَٝف‬ ‫كٔذ‬‫٣ن‬
.ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حإلىحٗش‬
436
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ‫طٔظٞؿذ‬2;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬
1-‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش؛‬
3-‫ر٘خء‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓٔطَس‬‫ؿ٤خر٤ش‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫ٝحُٔوٍَحص‬‫رخُؼوٞرش‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿ٤زش‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ٝحُظ‬ُْٖ‫٣طؼ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫رخُظؼَٝ؛‬
4-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫حألكيحع‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ،ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬617‫أػالٙ؛‬
5-‫حُؼوٞرش؛‬ ٖٓ ‫حإلػلخء‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫رخإلىحٗش‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬
6-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔطش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ِٓطش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬‫اًح‬
‫طَطذ‬‫ػٜ٘خ‬ٕ‫كويح‬‫ُألِٛ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٗض‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُلويحٕ؛‬
7-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٔؼِ٘ش‬‫ُِظٜل٤ش‬‫حُٔوخُٝش‬ ١َ٤ٔٓ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌْ‫٣ل‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬
‫حُظـخٍ٣ش؛‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ١ٞ‫ٝٓو‬
8-‫هَحٍحص‬‫حُطَى‬‫حُٔظوٌس‬‫ٟي‬‫حألؿخٗذ؛‬
9-‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫حُلوٞم‬ ‫رٔلذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حألرٞ٣ش‬ ‫حُٞال٣ش‬ ١ٞ‫رٔو‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫ًال‬ ‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
.‫رؼ٠خ‬

207. -318-
437
ًَ ٌٕٞ٣‫حُزطخهش‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ،‫حُٔخروش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٖٓ ٍَ‫ٓو‬
ْ‫ٍه‬2َ‫ٓو‬ ‫ريحثَطٜخ‬ ‫٣وغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُو٠٤ش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫٣لٍَٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٖ٣‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫حطوٌص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُظؤى٣ز٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤جش‬6ٝ8‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ
.‫حُٔخروش‬
‫حُزطخه‬ ّ‫طوخ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫ش‬2;
2-‫ك٠ٍٞ٣خ؛‬ ٍٙٝ‫ٛي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ،‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ٛ٤ٍَٝس‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬
3-‫ؿ٤خر٤خ؛‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫طزِ٤ؾ‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ ٍَٝٓ ‫رؼي‬
4-.‫ؿ٤خر٤ش‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرش‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬
‫٣ٜ٘ي‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬‫رٜلش‬ٌٙٛ‫حُزطخثن‬‫رؼي‬‫حُظؤًي‬َٖٓٔ‫ٝطٔظؼ‬ ،‫ٓلظٞحٛخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬‫ُظطز٤ن‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝإلُـخء‬ ‫حُؼٞى‬‫ا٣وخف‬ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٖ٤ٌٔ‫ُظ‬‫ٓوظِق‬
‫حإلىحٍحص‬ٖٓ‫ٓ٘غ‬ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ٖٓ‫ُٝٞؽ‬‫حُٞظخثق‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬١‫ٝحالٗوَح‬٢‫ك‬‫حُِٔٔلش‬ ‫حُوٞحص‬
.‫حٌُِٔ٤ش‬
442
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ٍَ‫طل‬2ٖ‫ػ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫طؤى٣ز‬ ً‫ح‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫طؼزض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ،ٝ‫أ‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ‫اىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫ِٓطش‬
‫ُٝي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٔ‫ر‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ،‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ٕ‫كويح‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫٣ظَطذ‬
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ١ًَُِٔ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫رِٜٔلش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ريحثَطٜخ‬
‫ػٜ٘خ‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫ُٓٞٞىح‬ ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬
.ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬ ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ،٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ًَُِٔ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٜٚ‫طٞؿ‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ٍَ‫طل‬2ٖٓ ‫٣ٞٓخ‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫هٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬ ‫رطَى‬ ‫ٓوٍَح‬ ٖٔ٠‫طظ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ،
َ‫ُِٔـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١ًَُِٔ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫ٝطٞؿ‬ ‫حُيحهِ٤ش‬ ‫ُٝحٍس‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ٍٝ‫ٛي‬
‫حُٔو‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫حُٞالىس‬ ٕ‫رٌٔخ‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬.‫رخُٔـَد‬ ً‫ح‬‫ُٓٞٞى‬ ٍَ
442
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ط٠خف‬2‫حُظـ٤٤َحص‬;٢ِ٣ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬
-‫حُوخٟ٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔ٤ش‬ َٓ‫حألٝح‬ٞ‫رخُؼل‬ٖٓ‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫ًِ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫حٓظزيح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿِث٤خ‬‫ػوٞرش‬‫رؤهَٟ؛‬
-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫رظٞه٤ق‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫ػوٞرش‬‫ططز٤وخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬َٜ‫حُل‬232َٖٓ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬
‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.67.381‫حُٔئٍم‬٢‫ك‬7‫ٍر٤غ‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬2487‫ٓٞحكن‬21َ‫ٗٞٗز‬2:67‫رٔؼخرش‬
ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ٍ‫حُؼي‬١ٌَٔ‫حُؼ‬
83
‫؛‬
-‫هَحٍحص‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬‫ٝهَحٍحص‬ٍٝ‫حُؼي‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حإلكَحؽ؛‬
83-َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫ًٔخ‬ٝٚٔ٤ٔ‫طظ‬،‫ػيى‬ ‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُـَ٣يس‬3427‫رظخٍ٣ن‬24ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬2487(26ٍّ‫ٓخ‬2:68،ٙ .)
725.

208. -319-
-‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬‫ٝٓوٍَحص‬‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫ٝٓوٍَحص‬ ٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫حإلهٜخء؛‬ ‫اٜٗخء‬
-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫ربُـخء‬ٝ‫أ‬‫طٞه٤ق‬‫حألؿخٗذ؛‬ ‫١َى‬ ‫هَحٍحص‬
-‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫اُـخء‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬9ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬769‫حُوخٕٗٞ؛‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
-ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ُِلوَس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫ألِٛ٤ش‬ ً‫خ‬ٗ‫كويح‬ ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬ ٢‫طؤى٣ز‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ‫ربُـخء‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬
‫حُٔخىس‬771‫أػالٙ؛‬
-ٝ‫أ‬ َ٤٤‫رظـ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ًَ ،‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٝرٜلش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫اٜٗخء‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬ ٢‫ك‬769ٝ771.ٙ‫أػال‬
440
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٖٔ٠ُٔ ‫حُٔـ٤َس‬ ‫حألٍٝحم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ َ٣َ‫رظل‬ ًًَْٛ ٢‫٣ؤط‬ ٖٓ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬2،
;ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ٢ِ‫حُٔل‬ ًَُِٔ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٓ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫كٍٞح‬ ‫طٞؿ٤ٜٜخ‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬
2‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ .ٍ‫ربريح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ‫رخُؼل‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬
‫ربُـخثٜخ؛‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ٞ٤‫رخُظول‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٟ‫رؤه‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬
3‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ‫حٗظٜخء‬ ‫رظٞحٍ٣ن‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫حَُإٓخء‬ ٖ٤‫ٝحَُٔ٘ك‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ١َ٣‫ٓي‬ .
‫هَحٍحص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٕٞ‫حُٔـ‬ ‫اىحٍس‬ َ٣‫ٝٓي‬ ،١َٝ٘‫ر‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫ٝحإلكَحؽ‬ ‫حُزيٗ٤ش‬‫اُـخء‬
‫رَ٘ٝ١؛‬ ‫حُٔو٤ي‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬
4‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ ‫ُٝحٍس‬ ٝ‫ٝهزخ‬ ‫ٝحألىحءحص‬ ‫رخُيكغ‬ ٖ٤‫حٌُِٔل‬ ٖ٤ٓ‫حُؼخ‬ ٖ‫حُوِحث‬ ‫أٓ٘خء‬ .
‫حُـَحٓش؛‬ ‫رؤىحء‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ًْ‫رخُٔلخ‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًٝظخد‬ ٖ٤٤ُ‫حُٔخ‬ ‫ٝحُوز٠ش‬ ٖ٤٤ٜٛٞ‫حُو‬
5َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫طٞه٤لٜخ‬ ‫اُـخء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ‫رظٞه٤ق‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ .‫٣َؿغ‬
‫حُٔوٍَحص؛‬ ٌٙٛ َ‫ٓؼ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
6‫١َى‬ ‫ٓوٍَحص‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ربُـخء‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫ُِٔوٍَحص‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُيحهِ٤ش‬ َ٣ُٝ .
‫حألؿخٗذ؛‬
7‫حالػظزخٍ؛‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ .
8٢‫ك‬ ٌٍ‫حُؼ‬ ‫روخرِ٤ش‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُ٘خُُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رظض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ .
٣‫ه٠خ‬‫ٝؿَٓخثٚ؛‬ ٖ٣‫حُٔي‬ ٖ٤‫ر‬ ‫حُٜٔخُلش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝحُظٜي٣ن‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُظٜل٤ش‬ ‫خ‬
9ٍ‫رخإلٗؼخ‬ ‫هخٓض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حإلىحٍ٣ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ َ‫ٓو‬ ‫ريحثَطٜخ‬ ‫حُٞحهغ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬ .
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٢‫حُظؤى٣ز‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫ربُـخء‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬771
.ٙ‫أػال‬
441
‫طٔلذ‬‫حُزطخ‬‫ثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬2َٖٓ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫ٝطظِق‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
2-‫ػ٘ي‬‫ٝكخس‬‫ٛخكذ‬‫حُزطخهش؛‬

209. -31:-
3-٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٞ‫ٓل‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔ٠ٔ٘ش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزطخهش‬‫ٓلٞح‬‫طخٓخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫اػ‬‫حُ٘خَٓ؛‬ ٞ‫حُؼل‬
4-٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍٜٞ‫ك‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬َٓ‫رخأل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ٕٞٔ٠ٓ ‫ربُـخء‬َ‫حُٔـ‬‫حُؼيُ٢؛‬
5-‫اًح‬ِٚ‫طو‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ٚ‫كو‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬َٝ‫طؼ‬
ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٍ‫حُٜخى‬‫ؿ٤خر٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٍ‫ارطخ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ططز٤وخ‬ ٍَ‫ُِٔو‬
‫حُٔٞحى‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬671ٝ681ٝ682‫؛‬
6-‫اًح‬‫أَٓص‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬‫رلٌف‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2،‫ططز٤وخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬618.
‫ًخطذ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ً‫خ‬٤‫طِوخث‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ‫طـذ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬2ٌْ‫رل‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬
‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ّ‫حُٔخى‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
.ً‫خ‬‫ٌٓظٔز‬ ً‫خ‬‫كو‬ َ٤ٜ٣ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
442
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ ٖٓ َ٤‫ٗظ‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬2‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُ٘خٛش‬
‫ط‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ ٝ‫أ‬.ٚٓ‫ػي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ َ٤‫ؤؿ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣طِغ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،ٍ‫حإلهزخ‬ ٚ‫ٝؿ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫ُأل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حإلىحٍس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ٤‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬
.٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬ ‫ٝحُيٍى‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫ٜٝٓخُق‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫اال‬ َ٤‫حُ٘ظ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕٞٔ٠ٓ
‫ُِٔخىس‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ‫حُالكوش‬ ‫ُِظـ٤٤َحص‬ ‫حُٔظ٠ٔ٘ش‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ َ‫ٗظخث‬ ‫حإلىحٍس‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ٍ‫طلخ‬
772‫أػال‬.ٙ
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخالص‬ ٢‫ك‬ َ‫حُ٘ظخث‬ ‫طٔلذ‬774‫حإلىحٍس‬ َ‫ٓـ‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫أػال‬
.٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫ُأل‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬
‫رلى‬ ‫انجطبئك‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬0‫رلى‬ ‫ٔانجطبئك‬1
443
َ‫طؼظز‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬3‫ٗٔوش‬َُِٚ٘ٓ‫حٌُخ‬‫ُٔوظِق‬‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬2‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٚ‫ر٘و‬
.‫ٝحكي‬
ِْٔ‫ط‬ٌٙٛ‫ُِـٜخص‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬
-‫أػ٠خء‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫ٝه٠خس‬َ٣‫ٝحُٔي‬ ‫ٝحُو٠خس‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬ٖٓ‫ُأل‬‫حُٞ١٘٢؛‬
-‫ٍإٓخء‬‫حُظـخٍ٣ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫روٜي‬‫اٟخكظٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش؛‬ ‫حُظٜل٤ش‬
-‫حُِٔطخص‬،‫حُؼٌَٔ٣ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬ٕ‫حُ٘زخ‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬ٕٞ‫٣َؿز‬٢‫ك‬‫حُظـ٘٤ي‬‫رخُوٞحص‬‫حُِٔٔلش‬
‫حٌُِٔ٤ش؛‬
-‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫حُِٜٔلش‬ُ‫رخ‬،‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫لَ٣ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حألكيحع‬ٖ٤‫حُٟٔٞٞػ‬‫طلض‬
‫َٓحهزظٜخ؛‬

210. -321-
-‫حإلىحٍحص‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫ُِيُٝش‬‫حُٔؼَٟٝش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫آخ‬‫حُظٞظ٤ق‬ ‫١ِزخص‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝظخثق‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫حهظَحكخص‬‫ُٔ٘ق‬‫ٗخٍحص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫كوَ٣ش‬‫حُظِحٓخص‬ٚ‫طو‬‫َٓٔٔس‬ٞ‫رؼ‬ٍ‫حألٗـخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫َٓٔٔس‬
‫ٛلوخص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬‫هٜي‬ّ‫حُو٤خ‬‫رٔظخرؼخص‬‫طؤى٣ز٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُلظق‬‫ٓئٓٔش‬ْ٤ِ‫ُِظؼ‬‫حُوخٙ؛‬
-‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬‫ربػيحى‬‫حُِٞحثق‬‫حالٗظوخر٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬َٜ‫ُِل‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔ٘خُػخص‬‫حُوخٛش‬
‫رٔٔخٍٓش‬‫كن‬ٖٓ‫حُلوٞم‬‫حالٗظوخر٤ش‬.
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رخألكيحع‬ٖ٤‫حُـخٗل‬‫ال‬ٚ٘٣‫اال‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬3،
٢‫حُظ‬ِْٔ‫ط‬‫ُِو٠خس‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬ ‫رخُلَ٣ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ُِِٜٝٔلش‬‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ِٓطش‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫اىحٍس‬‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬َٟ‫أه‬.
444
‫طظلون‬ًِ‫َٓح‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ٖٓ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬‫ٓغ‬ ،َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حالٓظؼخٗش‬
‫رخُزطخهش‬.‫ٝؿيص‬ ٕ‫ا‬ ‫حُٞ١٘٤ش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُِٔطش‬٢‫حُظ‬ّٞ‫طو‬َ٣َ‫رظل‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬3،٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬‫طٞكَٛخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫٣ؼزض‬ ‫ٓخ‬
‫ٛٞ٣ش‬،ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طيٍؽ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُزطخهش‬‫رٜلش‬‫رخٍُس‬‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ;‫ػزخٍس‬َ٤‫ؿ‬.‫ٓلووش‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ٝؿٞى‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ٚ‫ُ٘و‬ٖٓ،ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ِْٔ‫ط‬
‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬3‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ٚ‫ر‬‫كخِٓش‬‫ُِؼزخٍس‬‫ال‬ ;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬.‫ٗ٢ء‬
445
َ‫طؼظز‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬4‫ر٤خٗخ‬ّ‫رخألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫رؼوٞرخص‬‫ٓخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٟ‫اكي‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬
‫حٌُِٔٔش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬،‫ؿ٘لش‬ٚ٘٣ٝ‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫َٛحكش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬َٝ‫حُـ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬َٜ‫٣٘ل‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬
.ًًَ
‫ال‬‫طيٍؽ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُزطخهش‬‫اال‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘ٞع‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٙ‫أػال‬٢‫ٝحُظ‬ُْ‫٣وغ‬‫ٓلٞٛخ‬
‫رٔزذ‬‫ٍى‬ُْٝ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬‫رب٣وخف‬،ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫ٓخ‬ٍُْ‫طٜي‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬
‫حأله٤َس‬‫ػوٞرش‬‫ؿي٣يس‬٢٠‫طو‬ٕ‫رلَٓخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬َٓ‫رخأل‬ٖٓ‫حالٓظلخىس‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬.َ٤‫حُظير‬
446
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬4‫اال‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬‫رٜخ‬‫ٝرؼي‬ٚ‫اىالث‬‫رٔخ‬‫٣ؼزض‬،ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬
‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫طِٔ٤ٜٔخ‬.ٙ‫هخ‬ ٢ٍٔٓ َ٤ًٞ‫ط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫اال‬ َٙ٤‫ُـ‬
ٚ‫ر٘و‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ‫طؼِن‬ ‫اًح‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫رخُٔـ‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ّ‫٣وي‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬
ٚ‫ٛلظ‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ٢ُ‫٣ي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ‫حُٔٔؼ‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ١ًَُِٔ‫ح‬
.ٌٙٛ
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٕ‫كب‬ ،‫رخُوخٍؽ‬ ‫ٓٔظوَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓو٤ٔخ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬4ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫ٝطٞؿ‬ ‫ططِذ‬
٠‫حالهظ‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫ٝحُوِٜ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُيرِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫رٞحٓطش‬.‫خء‬

211. -322-
447
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٍَ‫ٝ٣ل‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ٖٓ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٓ ‫٣ظلون‬4ٚٗ ‫ُٔخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬777‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓ٘لَف‬ َ‫ٓط‬ ‫رٟٞغ‬ ٠‫٣ٌظل‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ .ٙ‫أػال‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ‫طظ٠ٜٔ٘خ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬2ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رخُزطخهش‬ ‫اىٍحؿٜخ‬ ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ ‫ال‬4.
452
‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ‫٣ٞهغ‬ْ3ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫ٝحُزطخثن‬4‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ َٗ‫ٝ٣ئ‬ ،‫طلَ٣َٛخ‬ ٠ُٞ‫ط‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حُ٠ز‬ ‫ًخطذ‬
.ٚ‫١خرؼ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ‫ٝ٣٠غ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٔ‫ر‬ ‫حٌُِٔق‬ ٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ
ٙ‫انؼذن‬ ‫انظجم‬ ‫رؼذٚم‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
452
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٖٓ ‫آخ‬ ،٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖٔ٠ٓ ٕ‫ر٤خ‬ ‫رظٜل٤ق‬ ‫حُٔطخُزش‬ ١َ‫طـ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫٣ٞؿي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٚ‫رطخهظ‬ ٢‫ك‬2.‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬ ٖٓ ‫طِوخث٤خ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬ ٚ‫طٜل٤ل‬ ‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ٕ‫حُز٤خ‬
450
ّ‫٣وي‬‫حُطِذ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٍَٗ‫ٓوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛيٍص‬.ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
‫٣طِغ‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حُٔوخ‬‫هخٟ٤خ‬ ،‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ،‫ٝ٣ٌِق‬ْ٣‫رظوي‬
َ٣َ‫طو‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِٜ٤جش‬َٝٝ‫حُٔؼ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٍ‫حُٔوخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ّ‫رخُو٤خ‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّٞ‫طو‬‫رـٔ٤غ‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬
٢‫حُظ‬،‫ٍَٟٝ٣ش‬ ‫طَحٛخ‬‫رٔخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ًُي‬َٓ‫حأل‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٍ‫ربك٠خ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٍ‫أٗخ‬ٍ‫حُٔوخ‬ ّ‫ٓوي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫ٛيٍص‬٢‫ك‬.ٚ‫كو‬
١َ‫طـ‬‫حُٔ٘خه٘خص‬ْ‫ػ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬٢‫ك‬‫ؿَكش‬.‫حٍُٔ٘ٞس‬
451
‫اًح‬ٞ‫ٍك‬،‫حُطِذ‬ٌْ‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُطخُذ‬‫رؤىحء‬.‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬
‫اًح‬َ‫هز‬‫حُطِذ‬‫أَٓص‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬ٕ‫رؤ‬‫٣ؼزض‬‫ٓوٍَٛخ‬٢‫ك‬‫١َس‬‫ٝػ٤وش‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬
‫١ِذ‬،‫حُظٜل٤ق‬ٚ‫ٝ٣ٞؿ‬ٚ‫ِٓو‬‫ٌٛح‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ًَِٓ ٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫روٜي‬َ٣‫طؼي‬‫حُزطخهش‬
ْ‫ٍه‬2ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،4‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ774.ٙ‫أػال‬
َٔ‫٣ظل‬‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓززخ‬٢‫ك‬ٜ‫حالط‬ّ‫خ‬‫حُوخ١ت‬‫ًُٝي‬٢‫حٓظيػ‬ ‫اًح‬٠ُ‫ا‬
،‫حُـِٔش‬ٕ‫كب‬ُْ‫٣ٔظيع‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓؼَٔح‬‫طلِٔض‬‫حُوِ٣٘ش‬.‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬
452
‫ططزن‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬783٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫كيٝع‬‫ِٗحع‬‫ٍى‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬
ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ٌْ‫رل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫اًح‬‫١َأص‬‫ٛؼٞرخص‬ٍٞ‫ك‬َ٤ٔ‫طل‬.َٓ‫ٗخ‬ ٞ‫ػل‬

212. -323-
‫انزجبدل‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انجبة‬‫رلى‬ ‫نهجطبئك‬ ٙ‫انذٔن‬2
453
ٍَ‫٣ل‬َ٤‫ٗظ‬ٖٓ‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ًَ‫رخُـَحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ٍ‫طٜي‬ٖٓ
َ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٟي‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬٢‫أؿ٘ز‬ٍ‫حألهطخ‬ ‫ألكي‬ ٢ٔ‫٣٘ظ‬‫ٓؼٜخ‬ َّ‫حُٔز‬ٍ‫حُظزخى‬.٢ُٝ‫حُي‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫ٌٛح‬َ٤‫حُ٘ظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬‫هٜي‬ُٚ‫آٍخ‬‫رخُطَ٣وش‬ٚ٘‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُي٣زِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬
.َٟ‫أه‬ ‫١َ٣وش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬
454
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬٠ُ‫ا‬ًََِٓ‫حُٔـ‬ٚ‫حُٔوظ‬ ٢ِ‫حُٔل‬ ًَُِٔ‫ح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫ٓخ‬
َٛٞ‫٣ظ‬ٚ‫ر‬ٖٓ‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ٖ‫ػ‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬.‫رخإلىحٗش‬
ّٞ‫طو‬ٌٙٛ‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ّ‫ٓوخ‬‫حُزطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2،‫ٝطللع‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫آخ‬‫رؤِٜٛخ‬‫ٝآخ‬
ٖ٤ٔ٠‫رظ‬‫ٓلظٞ٣خطٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٟ‫اكي‬‫حُٔطزٞػخص‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬.ٌَُ٘‫ح‬
455
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠٣٢‫ك‬‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬3‫حُٔوٜٜش‬‫ُِو٠خس‬‫ٝحُِٔطخص‬‫حُؼٌَٔ٣ش‬ٕ‫ر٤خ‬
ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫رخإلىحٗش‬‫حُٔٞؿٜش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬‫حإلٗؼخٍحص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬‫حُٔخروش‬.
‫ال‬ٍ‫٣٘خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٌٙٛ٢‫ك‬ ‫حإلٗؼخٍحص‬‫حُزطخثن‬‫حُلخِٓش‬ْ‫ٍه‬4.
‫انًؼُٕٚخ‬ ‫األشخبص‬ ‫ثجطبئك‬ ‫خبصخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انجبة‬
456
‫طٜيف‬‫ٓـٔٞػش‬‫رطخثن‬‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿٔغ‬‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬792‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬‫رخُؼوٞرخص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬‫ٓٞحء‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كن‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ٖ٤٤‫حٌُحط‬ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬.‫٣ٔ٤َٜٝٗخ‬
457
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬‫ٟٝغ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رطخهش‬2‫ُٔخ‬;٢‫٣ؤط‬
2-ٌٌَُْ‫ك‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿزخث٤ش‬‫ٟي‬ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫ٛخىٍس‬ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ُؿَ٣ش‬‫اىحٍ٣ش؛‬
2-ٌٌَُْ‫ك‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓؼ٘ٞ١؛‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬
3-ٌََُ٤‫طير‬َٖٓ٤‫حُظيحر‬ًَٝ‫اؿالم‬ُٕٞٝ‫ًخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ؿِث٤خ‬‫رخُٔ٘غ‬ ٢٠‫٣و‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ًَٝ ‫ٓئهظخ‬
‫كن‬ ًَٖٓٝ ،‫حُلوٞم‬ ‫أكي‬ ٖٓ ‫٣لي‬ َ٤‫طير‬ ١‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أِٛ٤ش‬ ّ‫حٗؼيح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ١ٞ‫رٔو‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫ٜٓخىٍس‬ٍ‫ططخ‬
‫ٓؼ٘ٞ٣خ‬ ‫ٗوٜخ‬‫ًخٗض‬ ُٞٝ‫ٗظ٤ـش‬‫ُؼوٞرش‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫رٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ُٚ؛‬ َ٤ٔٓ ٢‫ًحط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬
4-ّ‫ُألكٌخ‬‫رخُظٜل٤ش‬.‫حُظـخٍ٣ش‬ ‫حألِٛ٤ش‬ ١ٞ‫ٝٓو‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬

213. -324-
6-ّ‫ُألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫رٔؼخهزش‬١َ٤ٔٓ،‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ُٞٝ‫رٜلش‬‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬٢‫ك‬
‫ه٠خ٣خ‬‫ٓوخُلخص‬‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬٢‫حُـزخث‬٢ًَٔ‫ٝحُـ‬‫حَُٜف‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ٓوخُلش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ١‫ٝحالهظٜخى‬
ّ‫ٝحألكٌخ‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬‫رٔزذ‬ْٜ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫ُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘ق‬‫حَُٔهش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ه٤خٗش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ذ‬‫حألٓخٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫حُ٘٤ي‬ٕٝ‫ري‬‫ٓئٝٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٣ِٝ‫حُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ػخٓش‬ ‫ٝرٜلش‬ ٖ‫حُـ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ ٍ‫حألٓٞح‬ ّ‫حهظال‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ،ُٚ‫حٓظؼٔخ‬
ًَ.ٍ‫رخألٓٞح‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬
‫حُالكوش‬ ‫حُظـ٤٤َحص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝٓٔ٤َ٣ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫ُألٗوخ‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬772.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫كوٜخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١َٔ‫ط‬774.ٙ‫أػال‬
462
ٚ‫ُ٘و‬ ً‫ح‬َ٤ٔٓ ٚ‫رٜلظ‬ ٢‫ًحط‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ‫ٛيٍص‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ًح‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫ٟٝؼض‬ ،١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬;‫ى‬
2-ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رطخهش‬2‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ١؛‬ ٚ‫رخُ٘و‬ ‫هخٛش‬
3-ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رطخهش‬2ٖ٤ُٝ‫حُِٔح‬ ١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٕٝ‫ُ٘ئ‬ ٖ٣َ٤ُٔٔ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝحكي‬ ٌَُ ‫هخٛش‬
.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ّٞ٣ ٢‫ك‬ ْٜٓ‫ُٜٔخ‬
‫حُزطخهش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظيحر‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬4.ٚ٣َ٤ٔٔ‫ر‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬
462
‫اًح‬‫ٛيٍص‬‫ػوٞرش‬‫رٜلش‬‫ٗوٜ٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫أكي‬١َ٤ٖٔٓٓ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬َ‫أؿ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖٓ ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬‫حُٔخىس‬78:;‫كظٟٞغ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬
2-ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رطخهش‬2‫حُٔٔ٤َ؛‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫هخٛش‬
3-ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رطخهش‬2.١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ْٓ‫ح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫هخٛش‬
َ٤ٔٓ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ َ٤‫ٝحُظيحر‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ‫ال‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬٢‫ك‬ ١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬4.١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٌٜح‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬
460
‫حُٔوٍَس‬ َ٤‫حُظيحر‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫أٛيٍص‬ ‫ِٓطش‬ ًَ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ه٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٛ٤جش‬ ًَ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬78:َ‫أؿ‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ‫رٜخ‬ َ‫ط٘ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬26‫رُٞحٍس‬ ٢٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ًَِٓ ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣
.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
461
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ز‬ٖ٤٢‫ك‬ًَ‫رطخهش‬‫طظؼِن‬،١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬َٙ‫ٝٓو‬ ١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ْٓ‫ح‬
٢‫حالؿظٔخػ‬ٚ‫ٝٗٞػ‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜخ‬َ٤‫حُظيحر‬
‫حُٔظوٌس‬‫ًٌُٝي‬‫ٗٞػٜخ‬.‫ٝأٓزخرٜخ‬

214. -325-
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طؼزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫رؤكَف‬‫رخٍُس‬‫أٓٔخء‬١َ٤ٔٓ،١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫ك‬ّٞ٣‫حٍطٌخد‬
.َ٤‫حُظير‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔئى٣ش‬ ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
462
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ ٕ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫رطخهش‬ْ‫ٍه‬2‫طظؼِن‬ٚ‫ر٘و‬٢‫ًحط‬َ٤ٔ٣‫ٛٞ٣ش‬ ،‫ٓؼ٘ٞ٣خ‬ ‫ٗوٜخ‬‫ٌٛح‬
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫حُظير‬ٌ‫حُٔظو‬‫ًٌُٝي‬
‫ٗٞػٜٔخ‬.‫ٝأٓزخرٜٔخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ؼزض‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫رؤكَف‬‫رخٍُس‬ْٓ‫ح‬١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫حٌُحط‬ٖٓ
ٖ٤‫ر‬ٚ٣َ٤ٔٓ‫ٝحُٜٔٔش‬‫حُٔ٘ٞ١ش‬ٚ‫ر‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ٌٛح‬١ٞ٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬.
463
ٖٓ ‫رٔٔ٤َ٣ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬ ‫ٝحُزطخثن‬ ‫ؿٜش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫رخألٗوخ‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ‫طللع‬
‫ُِظَط٤ذ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ظٔ٤ش‬ ‫حُٜ٘ق‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ،َٟ‫أه‬ ‫ؿٜش‬‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ‫طؼيىص‬ ‫ٝاًح‬ .١‫حألرـي‬
١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬.‫حألهيٓ٤ش‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ‫طَط٤زٜخ‬ ‫ٝؿذ‬ ،١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ُ٘و‬ َ٤ٔٓ ٢‫ًحط‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ٝ‫أ‬
464
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬3ٝ‫أ‬ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ر٘و‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬َ٤ٔٔ‫ر‬ُٖٔ ١ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬
;ًًَْٛ ٢‫٣ؤط‬
-‫ه٠خس‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫ٝه٠خس‬٘١ُٞ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫ُأل‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٣‫ٝحُٔي‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ُِيٍى‬ ‫حُؼِ٤خ‬ ‫ٝحُو٤خىس‬ ٢
‫حٌُِٔلش‬ ‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫هخٛش‬ ،‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحإلىحٍحص‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُٜ٤جخص‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٓوظِق‬ ‫ٍٝإٓخء‬ ٢ٌُِٔ‫ح‬
‫حُٔوظِلش؛‬ ُٖٜٔ‫ح‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخإلَٗحف‬
-‫حإلىٍحؽ‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ١ٍ‫حُظـخ‬ َ‫رخُٔـ‬ ٖ٤‫حٌُِٔل‬ ‫ٝحُو٠خس‬ ‫حُظـخٍ٣ش‬ ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬ ‫ٍإٓخء‬
‫حُٔـَ؛‬ ٢‫ك‬
-٣ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘وُٞش‬ ْ٤‫حُو‬ ِْ‫ٓـ‬.ٚ‫َُٔحهزظ‬ ‫حُوخٟؼش‬ ‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬ ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬ ٚ‫و‬
٠‫طظِو‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ،‫حُٔلِ٤ش‬ ‫ٝحُـٔخػخص‬ ‫ُِيُٝش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حإلىحٍحص‬ َ‫ُٔخث‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫ػٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫ٛلوخص‬ ‫َٓٔٔس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫أٗـخ‬ ‫َٓٔٔس‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُظِحٓخص‬ ‫طظؼِن‬ ‫ػَٟٝخ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخثن‬ ِْٔ‫ط‬4‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫١زوخ‬779.ٙ‫أػال‬

215. -326-
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
465
ٌَُ ‫٣لن‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٖٟٓ‫اكي‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬‫رخٌُِٔٔش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬،‫ؿ٘لش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬.
ٞ‫٣ٔل‬‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬،َ‫ُِٔٔظوز‬ٍ‫ح٥ػخ‬‫حُ٘خطـش‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫ٝكخالص‬ٕ‫كويح‬‫حألِٛ٤ش‬
‫حُٔظَطزش‬.‫ػٜ٘خ‬
‫٣َى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫آخ‬‫روٞس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٍ‫روَح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٍٙ‫طٜي‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬.‫حالٓظج٘خف‬
ٌَٕ‫انمب‬ ‫ثحكى‬ ‫االػزجبر‬ ‫رد‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
466
‫٣ٌظٔذ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫روٞس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٓخ‬ٍُْ‫٣ٜي‬ٙ‫ٟي‬َ‫ىحه‬ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬‫حُٔليىس‬
‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫رؼي‬١‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬‫ؿي٣ي‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫ؿ٘لش‬
1-‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬،‫رخُـَحٓش‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬َ‫أؿ‬‫طلٔذ‬ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ّٖٓٞ٣ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أىحثٜخ‬
ّٖٓٞ٣‫حٗظٜخء‬ٙ‫حإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬‫أٓي‬‫حُظوخىّ؛‬
2-‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٞك٤يس‬‫حُٜخىٍس‬ْ‫رخُلز‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ال‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬‫ٓظش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬
َ‫أؿ‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫آخ‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حٗظٜخء‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔ٘لٌس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ٝآخ‬ّٖٓٞ٣ّ‫حَٜٗح‬
َ‫أؿ‬‫حُظوخىّ؛‬
3-‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٞك٤يس‬ْ‫رخُلز‬‫ُٔيس‬‫ال‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫ػيس‬
‫ػوٞرخص‬‫ال‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬‫ٓـٔٞػٜخ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬،‫ٝحكيس‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬َ‫أؿ‬َ٘‫ػ‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫طزظية‬‫كٔزٔخ‬ٞٛ
ٜٙٞ٘ٓٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫أػالٙ؛‬ ‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬
4-‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٞك٤يس‬ْ‫رخُلز‬‫ُٔيس‬ُٝ‫طظـخ‬ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬
ٚ‫٣و‬‫ػوٞرخص‬ُٝ‫٣ظـخ‬ ‫ٓظؼيىس‬‫ٓـٔٞػٜخ‬‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬،‫ؿ٘ق‬‫رؼي‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ْٔ‫ه‬ َ‫أؿ‬
‫ٓ٘ش‬ ‫ػَ٘س‬‫طلٔذ‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬‫حُطَ٣وش؛‬
5-‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫حُٞك٤يس‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرخص‬،‫حُٔظؼيىس‬‫رؼي‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬َ‫أؿ‬
ٖ٣َ٘‫ػ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬‫حرظيحء‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حٗو٠خء‬َ‫آه‬‫ػوٞرش‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬‫أٓي‬.‫طوخىٜٓخ‬
َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫٣لظٔذ‬ ،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫ٝحُؼوٞرش‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬ ‫ِٓىٝؿش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
.ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١ٍ‫حُٔخ‬
‫حػظزَص‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ ‫اىٓخؽ‬ ْ‫ط‬ ‫اًح‬–‫حُٔخىس‬ ٌٜٙ‫ر‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ُظطز٤ن‬–
.‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬

216. -327-
ٍ‫٣ؼخى‬١‫حإلٓوخ‬٢ٌُِ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫حُـِث‬‫ُِؼوٞرش‬‫رطَ٣ن‬،ٞ‫حُؼل‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٌٙٛ‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫ًِ٤خ‬.ً‫خ‬٤‫ؿِث‬ ٝ‫أ‬
467
‫٣َى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫ًٌُي‬‫روٞس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٌٌَُّٞ‫ٓل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ؿَحٓش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ‫كز‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٓغ‬‫ا٣وخف‬
،ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬‫ًُٝي‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫كظَس‬ٍ‫حهظزخ‬‫ٓيطٜخ‬ْٔ‫ه‬‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬‫ٓخ‬ُْ‫٣وغ‬‫اُـخء‬‫ا٣وخف‬‫طلٔذ‬ ،ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫ُوٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔزش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٚ٤‫ك‬ ‫أٛزلض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُظخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ
،ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬ ‫حُٔٞهٞكش‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫ٝحُؼوٞرش‬ ‫حُ٘خكٌس‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫حُىٝحؿ٤ش‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
.ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫َُى‬ ‫حُٔٞهٞف‬ ْ‫حُلز‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٍ‫حُٔخ‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫٣لظٔذ‬
‫االػزجبر‬ ‫رد‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬ٙ‫انمضبئ‬
472
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫١ِذ‬‫ٍى‬‫ٗخٓال‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬‫ُٔـٔٞع‬‫حُوخٟ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ُْ ‫ٗخكٌس‬ ‫رؼوٞرخص‬
‫٣ٔزن‬،‫ٓلٞٛخ‬‫ال‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫١َ٣ن‬‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حػظزخ‬‫ٓخرن‬‫ٝال‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫١َ٣ن‬.َٓ‫حُ٘خ‬ ٞ‫حُؼل‬
472
ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ِٚ‫ٓٔؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫اال‬ ،‫حُو٠خء‬ ٖٓ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
ٍٞ‫ٓلـ‬.ً‫خ‬٣ٞ٘‫ٓؼ‬ ً‫خ‬ٜ‫ٗو‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ً‫ح‬
‫ٓزن‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫طظزغ‬ ٚ‫كَٝػ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ُٚٞٛ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ُِٝؿ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ٝكخس‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ َ‫أؿ‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫رخُطِذ‬ ‫٣ظويٓٞح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌْٜ٘ٔ٣ٝ ٠‫حُٔظٞك‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّ‫طوي‬ ٕ‫أ‬
ٔ‫ُل‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔؼظٔي‬ َ‫ُألؿ‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔ٘ش‬ ‫ٜٗخ٣ش‬ ‫ُـخ٣ش‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٝ٣ٔيى‬ ،‫حُٞكخس‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ‫خد‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬7:4‫حُالُٓش‬ ‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ٍَٝٓ َ‫هز‬ ‫حُٞكخس‬ ‫١َأص‬ ‫اًح‬ ،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ
.ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫ُطِذ‬
470
.‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ‫ػالع‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ َ‫هز‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٛخىٍس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٞ‫٣ول‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
٣‫ػٔي‬.٢‫كو‬ ‫ؿَحٓش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫ٝحكيس‬ ‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٠ُ‫ٝا‬ ،‫ش‬
.‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫٣َكغ‬
ٖٓٝ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ،َ‫حألؿ‬ ٕ‫َٓ٣خ‬ ‫٣زظية‬
.‫رـَحٓش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫كن‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألىحء‬ ّٞ٣
‫ِٓىٝؿش‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ٝك‬َ‫حألؿ‬ ‫٣لظٔذ‬ ،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫ٝحُؼوٞرش‬ ‫رخُـَحٓش‬
.٢‫كو‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫حُٔخُزش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ١ٍ‫حُٔخ‬

217. -328-
471
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٖٓ ‫ٝال‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُؼٞى‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٖٓ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬
‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ،ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ ‫ؿي٣يس‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٌْ‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ّٞ٣ ٖٓ ‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ ْٔ‫ه‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٍَٝٓ ‫رؼي‬ ‫اال‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬.
.‫ٓ٘ٞحص‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫حالهظزخ‬ ‫كظَس‬ ‫ٍكؼض‬ ،‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ػوٞرش‬ ‫حُـي٣يس‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬ ّ‫رخُظوخى‬ ٚ‫ػوٞرظ‬ ‫ٓوطض‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ُِٔل‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬7:6‫ٍى‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬.٢‫حُو٠خث‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬
472
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ‫رخٓظؼ٘خء‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫٣ـذ‬7:6ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٙ‫رؼي‬
.‫أىحثٜخ‬ ٖٓ ٙ‫اػلخء‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫ٝحُظؼ‬ ‫ٝحُـَحٓش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫أىحء‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬
ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫حإلًَح‬ ‫ٓيس‬ ٠٠‫ه‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫كؼ‬ ،‫ًُي‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬
ِ‫طو‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٖٓ ‫حٓظلخى‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٞٓ٤ِش‬ ٌٙٛ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٠759.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫أىحء‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ك٤ـذ‬ ،ْ٤ُ‫رخُظي‬ ُْ‫طلخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬
ٖٓ ٙ‫اػلخء‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٜٝٓخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ٝكٞحثي‬ ٍ‫ٍأٓٔخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫رٔخ‬ ‫حُظلِٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔظَطزش‬ ٕٞ٣‫حُي‬
.‫أىحثٜخ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫أػزض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫٣َى‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ُ‫ؿخ‬ ،‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ِ‫ػخؿ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬
.‫ٜٓ٘خ‬ ‫ؿِء‬ ‫أىحء‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ٌٙٛ ‫أىحء‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٞٝ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ُٚ
ٝ‫أ‬ ٞ٣ٞ‫ٝحُظؼ‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُٜٔخٍ٣ق‬ ‫ٗٔزش‬ ،ٖٓ‫رخُظ٠خ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ‫طليى‬
.ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫أىحإٛخ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٖ٣‫حُي‬
ٞ‫حُؼؼ‬ ٌٍ‫طؼ‬ ‫اًح‬‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ىكغ‬ ،‫حُٔٔظلن‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬ ‫ك٤خُس‬ ٖٓ ‫حٓظ٘غ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ ‫حُطَف‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ
.َ٤‫ٝحُظير‬ ‫حإل٣يحع‬ ‫ُٜ٘يٝم‬ ‫حُٔزِؾ‬
473
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٟ‫أى‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٌ٤‫رظ٘ل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫رخألؿ‬ ‫٣ظؼِن‬ ١َٗ ١‫أل‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫٣و٠غ‬ ‫ال‬
.ٚ‫رل٤خط‬ ً‫ح‬َ١‫ٓوخ‬ ‫ُِزالى‬ ‫ؿِ٤ِش‬ ‫هيٓخص‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬ ‫رؼي‬
474
٣ٖ١ٞٓ َ‫رآه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٢ُ‫حُلخ‬ ٚ‫اهخٓظ‬ َ‫رٔل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫رَى‬ ‫١ِزخ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ّ‫وي‬
;‫حُطِذ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ريهش‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ز‬ ‫رخُوخٍؽ‬ ْ٤‫٣و‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ،‫رخُٔـَد‬ ُٚ
2‫ػٜ٘خ؛‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ٝحُٔلٌٔش‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍَ‫حُٔو‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ .
3.ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ٌ٘ٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ًٖ‫حألٓخ‬ .

218. -329-
475
ٖٓ ٖ٤ٟٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُؼٔخالص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْ٤ُ‫حألهخ‬ ٍ‫ػٔخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٝالس‬ ٖٓ ‫ٜٗخىحص‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ‫٣طِذ‬
;‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ١ٞ‫طلظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ ،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ًٖ‫رخألٓخ‬ ِْٜ‫هز‬
2‫ٌٓخٕ؛‬ ٌَ‫ر‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫اهخٓش‬ ‫ٓيس‬ .
3‫حإلهخٓش؛‬ ٌٙٛ ‫أػ٘خء‬ ٚ‫ٓ٤َط‬ .
4.‫حُٔيس‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ‫ٓؼ٤٘ظ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬ .
ٝ‫ػال‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيٍى‬ ‫ٜٓخُق‬ ٚ‫ر‬ ّٞ‫طو‬ ‫رلغ‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًُٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ،‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫س‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ّ‫أهخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ًٖ‫رخألٓخ‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬
476
;٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫ُِل‬ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٠‫٣ٔؼ‬
2‫رخُؼوٞرش؛‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُوَحٍحص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ .
3‫رٜخ‬ ٠٠‫ه‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔخص‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬ َ‫ٓـ‬ ٚ‫ِٓو‬ .‫ٓيس‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬
‫ٓيس‬ ٍ‫هال‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫ِٓٞى‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬ ْ٤‫ٍث‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ٣‫حُٔي‬ ١‫ٍٝأ‬ ،ٚ‫ػوٞرظ‬
‫حالػظوخٍ؛‬
4ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ .3.٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٖٓ
477
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ل٤ِٜخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٚ٣‫رَأ‬ ‫ٓوَٝٗش‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ٌٙٛ ‫حُِٔي‬ َ٤ًٝ ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬
٘‫حالٓظج‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬.‫خف‬
‫٣َحٛخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ َ‫ٓخث‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ٌٙٛ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ َٝ‫٣ؼ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫ُطخُذ‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫ٓل٤يس‬
522
٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالٓظٔخع‬ ‫ٝرؼي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫ٓٔظ٘ظـخص‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ٖ٣َٜٗ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طزض‬
.‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫حٓظيػخثٜٔخ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ٤ٓ‫ٓلخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َٓ‫حأل‬ ٚ٤٘‫٣ؼ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫حُطَف‬
522
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ُٞٝ ‫ؿي٣ي‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ْ٣‫طوي‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬ ،ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٞ‫ٍك‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬7:6ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،ٞ‫حَُك‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫طلٔذ‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫اال‬
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ٍ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ ‫حٓظ٤لخء‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫رٔزذ‬ ٞ‫حَُك‬7:3.ٙ‫أػال‬

219. -32:-
520
ُ‫ح‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلٗخٍس‬ ‫طوغ‬٢‫ٝك‬ ‫رخُؼوٞرش‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ‫رطَس‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫رَى‬ ٍ‫ٜخى‬
.٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫رخُزطخهش‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ك‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬4‫ٝال‬ ،٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٖٓ
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُزطخهش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اال‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ٍ‫٣٘خ‬3‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططز٤ن‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫ُِو٠خس‬ ‫حُِٔٔٔش‬7:4.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫أ‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ُٚ ‫ٍى‬ ُٖٔ ٌٖٔ٣ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫رَى‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ٍ‫حُوَح‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜ‫٣ل‬ ٕ
.‫ٜٓخٍ٣ق‬ ٕٝ‫ى‬ ٢ُ‫حُؼي‬ َ‫حُٔـ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ِٝٓو‬
521
‫ط‬ٛ‫ٝكي‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٚ‫وظ‬‫خ‬ٜ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔلخُش‬ ‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ ‫ٍى‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫رخُزض‬‫خ‬
‫ُِٔخىس‬ ‫ططز٤وخ‬376‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ‫ٝحُلوَس‬379٢‫حُظ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ٍ‫أٛي‬‫ص‬.‫رخإلىحٗش‬ ‫كٌٔخ‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬
١َ‫٣ـ‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ ‫ًُي‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ َٜٔ٣ٝ ،‫حُطِذ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌ‫ك٤٘ج‬ ‫حُظلو٤ن‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬

220. -331-
‫خبرط‬ ‫انًزركجخ‬ ‫انجزائى‬ ‫ثجؼض‬ ‫انًزؼهك‬ ‫االخزصبص‬ 8‫انظبثغ‬ ‫انكزبة‬
‫األجُجٛخ‬ ‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫انظهطبد‬ ‫يغ‬ ‫ٔانؼاللبد‬ ‫انًًهكخ‬
522
ٚ‫طوظ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬ًَ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫طَطٌذ‬٢‫ك‬٢ٟ‫حألٍح‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬
‫أ٣خ‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ش‬‫َٓطٌز٤ٜخ‬.
ًَ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ْ‫٣ظ‬َ‫ىحه‬‫حُٔـَد‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫أكي‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌَ٘‫ط‬‫ػَٜ٘ح‬َٖٓٛ‫ػ٘خ‬
،‫طٌٞ٣ٜ٘خ‬َ‫طؼظز‬‫ًٔخ‬ُٞ‫حٍطٌزض‬٢‫ك‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬.‫حٌُِٔٔش‬
‫٣ٔظي‬ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫حُزض‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣َؿغ‬٢‫ك‬َ‫حُلؼ‬٢ٔ٤‫حَُث‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫ٓخث‬
ٍ‫أكؼخ‬‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫حإلهلخء‬ُٞٝ٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫١َف‬ ٖٓٝ.‫أؿخٗذ‬
523
ٚ‫طوظ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬٢‫ك‬٢ُ‫أػخ‬ٍ‫حُزلخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
ٖ‫ٓظ‬ٖ‫ٓل‬َٔ‫طل‬ِْ‫حُؼ‬،٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫ًُٝي‬‫أ٣خ‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ش‬٢‫َٓطٌز‬ٌٙٛ.ْ‫حُـَحث‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫أ٣٠خ‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬َ‫ىحه‬‫ٓ٤٘خء‬
١َ‫رل‬٢‫ٓـَر‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ٓظ‬‫ٓل٤٘ش‬‫طـخٍ٣ش‬.‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬
‫٣َؿغ‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٖ‫حٌُخث‬ٍٝ‫أ‬ ‫ريحثَطٜخ‬‫ٓ٤٘خء‬٢‫ٓـَر‬َٞٓ‫ط‬ٚ‫ر‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُٔل٤٘ش‬
.‫رخُٔـَد‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫ك٤ٔخ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٢‫أُو‬ ‫اًح‬ َ‫حُلخػ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٞ‫حُوز‬ ‫اُوخء‬ ‫ريحثَطٜخ‬ ‫ٝهغ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬
524
ٚ‫طوظ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ٓظ‬‫١خثَحص‬
،‫ٓـَر٤ش‬‫أ٣خ‬‫ًخٗض‬‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ش‬‫َٓطٌذ‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫أ٣٠خ‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬٘‫حُـ‬‫ق‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ٓظ‬‫١خثَحص‬،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬
‫َٓطٌذ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬٢٘‫حُٔـ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ش‬‫ٓـَر٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫كطض‬‫حُطخثَس‬‫رخُٔـَد‬‫رؼي‬
‫حٍطٌخد‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حُـ٘لش‬
ٌٕٞ٣ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬ًْ‫ُٔلخ‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫كطض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫حُطخثَس‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫اُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
َ‫حُلخػ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫طٞهق‬،‫حُطخثَس‬ٌٕٞ٣ٝٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫اُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حُلخػ‬‫اًح‬
٢‫أُو‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫حُوز‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬‫رؼي‬.‫رخُٔـَد‬

221. -332-
525
ٖٓ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫حٍطٌذ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ‫ٗظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ ‫ٝٛق‬ ُٚ َ‫كؼ‬ ًَ
ٌٖٔ٣ ،٢‫ٓـَر‬ ‫١َف‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬ ِٚ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓٚ٤‫ك‬.‫رخُٔـَد‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ًْ‫ٝ٣لخ‬ ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ ‫٣ظخرغ‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ػخى‬٢ٟ‫حألٍح‬،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ُْٝ‫٣ؼزض‬
ٚٗ‫أ‬ٍ‫ٛي‬٢‫ك‬ ٚ‫كو‬ ٢‫ك‬‫حُوخٍؽ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ‫حًظٔذ‬ٚٗ‫ٝأ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬،ٚ‫ربىحٗظ‬
٠٠‫ه‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫طوخىٓض‬ٝ‫أ‬َٜ‫ك‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٞ‫ػل‬‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬.
526
ًََ‫كؼ‬ُٚ‫ٝٛق‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ َ‫ٗظ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ؿ٘لش‬ٖٓ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫حٍطٌذ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬
،٢‫ٓـَر‬ ‫١َف‬ٌٖٔ٣‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ِٖٓٚ‫أؿ‬ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫رخُٔـَد‬
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظخرغ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬،ًْ‫٣لخ‬‫اال‬‫ٓغ‬‫َٓحػخس‬‫حُلخالص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬
‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬818.
‫ػالٝس‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،‫ًُي‬ٚٗ‫كب‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حٍطٌخد‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ٟي‬،ٚ‫ٗو‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫اؿَحء‬‫اال‬ ‫حُٔظخرؼش‬
‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رؼي‬‫طِٜٞٛخ‬‫رٌ٘خ٣ش‬ٖٓ‫حُطَف‬ٍَ٠‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ارالؽ‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬
ٖٓ‫ِٓطخص‬‫حُزِي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬ٚ٤‫ك‬.‫حُـ٘لش‬
527
ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬١َ‫طـ‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬
818ٝ819ٙ‫أػال‬٢‫ٝك‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُؼخٗ٤ش‬ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬822ٙ‫رؼي‬ُُْٞٝ‫٣ٌظٔذ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬‫حُـ٘ٔ٤ش‬
‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫حُـ٘لش‬
522
ًَ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬‫٣َطٌذ‬‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫آخ‬
ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫كخػال‬‫أِٛ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٔخٛٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓ٘خًٍخ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ٌْ‫ٝحُل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫كٔذ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
،٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٟل٤ش‬ٌٙٛ‫حُـ٘خ٣ش‬ٖٓ‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ش‬.‫ٓـَر٤ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ظخرغ‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ًْ‫٣لخ‬‫أػزض‬ ‫اًح‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُوخٍؽ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬
‫ٌٛح‬َ‫حُلؼ‬ٌْ‫رل‬٢‫ٝك‬ ،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬‫كخُش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬،ٚ‫ربىحٗظ‬ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ؼزض‬
ٚٗ‫أ‬٠٠‫ه‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬‫رٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫طوخىٓض‬
522
ًْ‫٣لخ‬‫كٔذ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُٔـَر‬ًَ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬‫٣َطٌذ‬‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬
ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫كخػال‬‫أِٛ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓٔخٛٔخ‬ٝ‫أ‬،‫ٓ٘خًٍخ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ٟي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ،‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ‫أ‬‫طِ٣٤لخ‬ْ‫ُوخط‬

222. -333-
‫ُ٘وٞى‬ ً‫ح‬َ٣ِٝ‫ط‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬‫طِ٣٤ل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ألٍٝحم‬‫رٌ٘٤ش‬‫ٝ١٘٤ش‬‫ٓظيحُٝش‬‫رخُٔـَد‬‫رٜلش‬،‫هخٗٞٗ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬
‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬.‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ‫حٌُٔخطذ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُوِٜ٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُيرِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫حُزؼؼخص‬ ٍ‫ٓوخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٕ‫أػٞح‬ ‫ٟي‬
‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌذ‬٢‫ٓـَر‬‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫كخػال‬‫أِٛ٤خ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓٔخٛٔخ‬‫ٓ٘خًٍخ‬
‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ْٖٓ‫حُـَحث‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ُٞ ‫ًٔخ‬‫حٍطٌزض‬َ‫ىحه‬
.‫حُٔـَد‬
ًَٚ‫ٗو‬ْٛ‫ٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٗخٍى‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حُٔـَد‬٢‫ك‬‫حٍطٌخد‬ٟ‫اكي‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
٢‫ك‬‫حُلوَس‬٠ُٝ‫حأل‬‫٣ظخرغ‬ٚ‫رٜلظ‬‫ٓ٘خًٍخ‬‫ػٔال‬‫رخُلوَس‬.‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬١َ‫طـ‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬‫اًح‬‫أػزض‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫رخُوخٍؽ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ْ‫ٗل‬َ‫حُلؼ‬،ٚ‫ر‬ ٢٠‫حُٔو‬ ‫حُ٘٢ء‬ ‫هٞس‬ ‫ٌٓظٔذ‬ ٌْ‫رل‬ٝ٠ُ‫أى‬٢‫ك‬‫رٔخ‬ ٚ‫اىحٗظ‬ ‫كخُش‬
‫٣ؼزض‬ٚٗ‫أ‬٠٠‫ه‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬‫طوخىٓض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬.
520
٢‫ك‬‫حُلخالص‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬،‫حُزخد‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ،‫حُٔوظٜش‬
ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬816ٝ817،٢ٛ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٕ‫حٌُٔخ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ْ٤‫٣و‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٚ‫حُٔ٘ظز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٝ‫أ‬َ‫ٓل‬ َ‫آه‬
‫ٓؼَٝف‬َ‫حُٔل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُٔـَد‬ ٚ‫إلهخٓظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ ٢‫ٟز‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫ٓل‬‫اهخٓش‬‫ٟل٤ش‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
‫ػبيخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8‫األٔل‬ ‫انجبة‬
521
ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫حألُٝٞ٣ش‬‫ُالطلخه٤خص‬‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ٤ٗ‫حُوٞح‬‫حُٞ١٘٤ش‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬ٚ‫٣و‬ٕٝ‫حُظؼخ‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫ٓغ‬
ٍٝ‫حُي‬.‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬
‫طِي‬ ِٞ‫ه‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حطلخه٤خص‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫اال‬ ،‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ططزن‬ ‫ال‬
.ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ّ‫حألكٌخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬
‫انمضبئٛخ‬ ‫اإلَبثبد‬ 8َٙ‫انضب‬ ‫انجبة‬
522
ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِو٠خس‬‫حُٔـخٍرش‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣ٜيٍٝح‬‫اٗخرخص‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫هٜي‬‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬.
‫طٞؿي‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫حُيرِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫رخُطَم‬ ‫طزِ٤ـٜخ‬ ‫هٜي‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ٌٙٛ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬
‫ُِـٜش‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫طٞؿ٤ٜٜخ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ك٤غ‬ ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ًُي‬ ‫روالف‬ ٢٠‫طو‬ ‫حطلخه٤خص‬
‫ٝحُٞػخثن‬ ‫حإلٗخرش‬ ٖٓ ‫ٗٔوش‬ ٚ٤‫طٞؿ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،‫حُلخُش‬ ٌٙٛ ٢‫ٝك‬ ،‫رظ٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬-ْ‫ٗل‬ ٢‫ك‬
‫حُٞهض‬-َ٣ُٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬.‫حُيرِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬ ‫رخُطَم‬ ‫ُظزِ٤ـٜخ‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬

223. -334-
523
‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُطَ٣وش‬ ْ‫ر٘ل‬ ‫حُوخٍؽ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬
.٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫ُِظَ٘٣غ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝ١زو‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٢ٟ‫أٍح‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬
‫حُو٠خ‬ ‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ٍٞ٠‫رل‬ ‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ٢ِ‫ُٔٔؼ‬ ًٕ‫٣ؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُُٞ ٌٖٔ٣‫ث٤ش‬
.ٖ٤‫ًٔالكظ‬
،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬ ٖٓ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫اًح‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلٗخرش‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ٗظخٜٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٜٓ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫رٔ٤خىس‬ ّ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
.‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ َٟ‫حأله‬ ‫ٜٓخُلٜخ‬
‫حُي‬ ‫رخُطَم‬ ‫حُوخٍؽ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ‫رِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬–‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬
ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬–.ٖ٤ٜ‫حُٔوظ‬ ‫حُو٠خس‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ٚ‫طٞؿ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطش‬ ِْ‫طؼ‬ ‫ال‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬ ،‫ٓزخَٗس‬ ‫رٜلش‬ ‫طٞؿ٤ٜٜخ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
.‫حُيرِٞٓخٓ٤ش‬ َ‫رخُٞٓخث‬ ‫حَُٔكٞػش‬ ‫رخُ٘ٔوش‬ َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫اال‬ ‫ر٘ظ٤ـظٜخ‬
‫حُـٜخص‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلٗخرخص‬ ‫اٍؿخع‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬.٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬ ‫رخُطَ٣ن‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬
‫األجُجٛخ‬ ‫انشجزٚخ‬ ‫األحكبو‬ ‫ثجؼض‬ ‫االػززاف‬ 8‫انضبنش‬ ‫انجبة‬
524
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬ًْٖٓ‫ٓلخ‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫اؿَحء‬ٖٓ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬َ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬
ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬،‫ػخى٣ش‬‫رؼي‬‫ح١الػٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬‫َُٔطٌذ‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫ٓزن‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ
١‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ‫َف‬‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘لش‬‫ػخى٣ش‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ًٌُي‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬،٢‫حُٔـَر‬
ٌٖٓ‫أ‬‫ُٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٖٔ٠‫ط‬٢‫ك‬‫كٌٜٔخ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫هخٛش‬‫ٓؼِِش‬‫طل٤ي‬‫طلووٜخ‬ٖٓ‫ٛلش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬١َ‫حُِؿ‬
ٕ‫ٝأ‬ ٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬ٌ‫طؤه‬‫رٌٜح‬ٌْ‫حُل‬َٜ٘‫ًؼ‬َٖٓٛ‫ػ٘خ‬‫حُؼٞى‬٠ُ‫ا‬.‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬
525
‫رخُٔـَد‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫ٛخى‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬
‫ٓـَر٤ش‬ ‫ٓيٗ٤ش‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٍٙ‫طٜي‬ ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُظ٘ل٤ٌ٣ش‬ ‫حُٜ٤ـش‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ٢‫طؼ‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ُؿَ٣ش‬
.‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬ ‫حُٔٔطَس‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ططز٤و‬
ٍٛ‫انًجزي‬ ‫رظهٛى‬ 8‫انزاثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬
526
ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ُيُٝش‬ ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٓٔطَس‬ ٍٞ‫طو‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ
‫ؿخٍ٣ش‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬ ‫ٟٓٞٞع‬ ٌٕٞ٣ٝ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٢ٟ‫أٍح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٢‫ٓـَر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ٓل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ْٜ‫ٓظ‬
.‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ ‫ٓلخًٜٔخ‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٖٓ ‫ٛخىٍس‬ ‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌّٞ‫ٓل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ْٓ‫رخ‬

224. -335-
;‫حٍطٌزض‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ‫٣ٔظ٘ي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ‫اال‬ َ‫٣وز‬ ‫ال‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬
-‫أؿ٘ز٢؛‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ ٖٓ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓٞح١٘٤ٜخ‬ ‫أكي‬ ‫١َف‬ ٖٓ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٍٝ‫رؤ‬ ‫آخ‬
-‫ٓٞح١٘٤ٜخ؛‬ ‫أكي‬ ٖٓ ‫أٍحٟ٤ٜخ‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬
-َ‫طيه‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ،٢‫ٓـَر‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬ ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬ ٖٓ ‫أٍحٟ٤ٜخ‬ ‫هخٍؽ‬ ‫ٝآخ‬
ٌ‫حٍط‬ ُٞٝ ‫رخُٔـَد‬ ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬ ِ٤‫٣ـ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ‫ػيحى‬ ٢‫ك‬‫زٜخ‬
.‫رخُوخٍؽ‬ ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬
527
‫ال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ِْٔ٣‫ُيُٝش‬‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬١‫أ‬‫اًح‬ ٚ‫ٗو‬ٌُْٖ٣‫ٓظخرؼخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٓلٌٞٓخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ٖٓ
َ‫أؿ‬ٍ‫أكؼخ‬ٚ٘٣‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
502
ٌٖٔ٣‫حالػظيحى‬‫ٓٞحء‬ ‫ح٥ط٤ش‬ ٍ‫رخألكؼخ‬‫ُِٔطخُزش‬ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔٞحكوش‬;ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
1-‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬‫رؼوٞرخص‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش؛‬
2-ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬‫رؼوٞرخص‬‫ؿ٘ل٤ش‬‫ٓخُزش‬‫اًح‬ ،‫ُِلَ٣ش‬
ٕ‫ًخ‬‫حُلي‬٠ٜ‫حأله‬‫ُِؼوٞرش‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫ًُي‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ َ‫٣و‬ ‫ال‬‫ٓ٘ش‬‫ٝحكيس‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬
َٓ‫حأل‬ٚ‫ر٘و‬ٌّٞ‫ٓل‬،ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓيس‬ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ٖٓ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رٜخ‬
‫أَٜٗ؛‬ ‫أٍرؼش‬ ‫طلٞم‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫طؼخى‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬
‫ال‬١‫رؤ‬ ‫٣ٞحكن‬ٍ‫كخ‬ٍٖٓ‫حألكٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ٣َ‫حُلؼ‬‫ٓؼخهزخ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫كٔذ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ؿ٘خث٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬.‫ؿ٘ل٤ش‬
‫ططزن‬‫حُوٞحػي‬‫حُٔخروش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬‫حٌُٔٞٗش‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ُٔلخُٝش‬١َ٘‫ر‬ ،‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ‫حُٔ٘خًٍش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٓؼخهزخ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫كٔذ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬‫ٝكٔذ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.٢‫حُٔـَر‬
‫اًح‬‫حٓظ٘ي‬‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ػيس‬ٍ‫أكؼخ‬‫ٓظٔ٤ِس‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ًَ‫ٝحكي‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫كٔذ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬
‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٕٞٗ‫ٝحُوخ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬ ‫ٓخُزش‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ٞ‫رؼ‬ٌٍٙٛ‫حألكؼخ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬
‫رؼوٞرش‬َ‫طو‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬،‫كزٔخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬َ‫٣وز‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬‫ُٔـٔٞع‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٌٙٛ
.ً‫خ‬ٔ‫كز‬ ٖ٤‫ٓ٘ظ‬ َ‫حأله‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫طزِؾ‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫كٔذ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ؿٔ٤ؼ‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬ ٟٜٞ‫حُو‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫هي‬‫ٓزن‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫رِي‬‫ٓخ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬
‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫ػخى٣ش‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٜٗخث٤ش‬ٍ‫طؼخى‬‫ٓيطٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫طلٞم‬‫أٍرؼش‬َٜٗ‫أ‬،‫كزٔخ‬ٕ‫كب‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬َ‫٣وز‬‫ٝكن‬
‫حُوٞحػي‬‫حُٔخروش‬١‫أ‬‫رخُ٘ٔزش‬‫ُِـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬،٢‫كو‬٢‫ك‬ ‫٣ؼظي‬ ‫ٝال‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُٜيى‬‫رٔيس‬‫حُؼوٞرش‬
.‫حُـي٣يس‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔوٍَس‬
‫ططزن‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخروش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬٢‫حُظ‬‫٣َطٌزٜخ‬ٕٞ٣ٌَٔ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رلخٍس‬ٖٓ٢‫ك‬
،ٌْٜٔ‫ك‬ً‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٖٓ‫أؿِٜخ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫ال‬‫طؼي‬‫اهالال‬‫رٞحؿذ‬١ٌَٔ‫ػ‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬
ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫٣ؼخهذ‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬‫ًـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬ ،‫ػخى٣ش‬ٍٞٔ‫حُٔؼ‬‫رٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫حُزلخٍس‬ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬.ٍ‫كَح‬

225. -336-
502
‫ال‬‫٣ٞحكن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬;ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
1-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫ٓٞح١٘خ‬،‫ٓـَر٤خ‬‫ٝ٣ؼظي‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬‫حُٜلش‬٢‫ك‬‫ٝهض‬‫حٍطٌخد‬
‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٖٓ‫أؿِٜخ‬‫حُظِٔ٤ْ؛‬
3-‫َٓطزطش‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓ٤خٓ٤ش‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ َ‫طؼظز‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫أؿِٜخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔطِٞد‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ‫اًح‬
‫ٓ٤خٓ٤ش؛‬ ‫رـَ٣ٔش‬
‫اًح‬ ً‫خ‬٠٣‫أ‬ ‫حُوخٛش‬ ‫حُوخػيس‬ ٌٙٛ ‫ططزن‬‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫حػظويص‬،‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ألٓزخد‬،‫ؿي٣ش‬ٕ‫أ‬
‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫حُٔٔظ٘ي‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ْٖٓ‫حُـَحث‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬ُّْ‫٣وي‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫اال‬‫روٜي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫ٓظخرؼش‬‫ٓؼخهزش‬
ٚ‫ٗو‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫حػظزخٍحص‬‫ػَٜ٘٣ش‬‫ى٣٘٤ش‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫طظؼِن‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫رخُـ٘ٔ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رآٍحء‬،‫ٓ٤خٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬
.ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حُظ٘ي٣ي‬ َ‫ُوط‬ ‫حالػظزخٍحص‬ ٌٙٛ ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫ؿَحء‬ ٖٓ َٝ‫طظؼ‬ ‫هي‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حالػظيحء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ك٤خس‬ْ٤‫ٍث‬‫حُيُٝش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كَى‬ٖٓ‫أكَحى‬ٚ‫ػخثِظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٞ٠‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫أػ٠خء‬
‫ال‬ ،‫حُلٌٞٓش‬َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٖٟٔ‫حُلخالص‬٢‫حُظ‬١َٔ‫ط‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫حُو٤ٞى‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُلوَط‬
.ٖ٤‫حُٔخروظ‬
‫ال‬َ‫طؼظز‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ٌٖٟٔٙٛ‫حُلخالص‬ٍ‫حألػٔخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طَطٌذ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫طَٔى‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ٗـذ‬ْٔ٣
ٖٓ‫رخأل‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫اًح‬‫حطٔٔض‬ٌٍٙٛ‫حألػٔخ‬‫رٞك٘٤ش‬،‫ٗ٘٤ؼش‬‫ًٌٝح‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬‫حُظوَ٣ذ‬‫ٝحإلرخىس‬‫حُـٔخػ٤ش‬
‫حُٔٔ٘ٞػش‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬‫حالطلخه٤خص‬‫حُيُٝ٤ش؛‬
3-‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬٢ٟ‫رؤٍح‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش؛‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬
4-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬ُٞٝ‫أٜٗخ‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫هخٍؽ‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬‫هي‬‫طٔض‬
‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٖٓ‫أؿِٜخ‬‫رخُٔـَد‬‫ٝٝهغ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ٜٗخث٤خ؛‬
5-‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬ّ‫رخُظوخى‬ ‫ٓوطض‬ ‫هي‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬َ‫هز‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫كٔذ‬‫حُظَ٘٣غ‬٢‫حُٔـَر‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كٔذ‬‫طَ٘٣غ‬‫حُيُٝش‬،‫حُطخُزش‬‫ٝرٜلش‬‫ػخٓش‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫ٓوطض‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حٗو٠ض‬
.‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٔوخٓش‬ ‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬
500
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫حُٔظؼِوش‬‫رخُ٠َحثذ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حهظالف‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٗٞحػٜخ‬‫رلوٞم‬
،‫حَُٜف‬ ّ‫ر٘ظخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُـٔخٍى‬‫اال‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬١َٗ‫َٛ٣ق‬‫طظؼٜي‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٙ‫رٔوظ٠خ‬ٖٟٔ
‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٕ‫رؤ‬َ‫طوز‬‫حُٔؼخِٓش‬َ‫رخُٔؼ‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِزخص‬ْٖٓ‫ٗل‬.‫حُ٘ٞع‬
501
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫اال‬١َ٘‫ر‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ٓظخرؼش‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬
ٚ‫اه٠خػ‬١‫أل‬‫اؿَحء‬َ‫آه‬‫ٓو٤ي‬ٚ‫ُلَ٣ظ‬ٖٓ ،‫حُ٘وٜ٤ش‬َ‫أؿ‬١‫أ‬َ‫كؼ‬‫ً٤لٔخ‬ٕ‫ًخ‬‫ٓخرن‬‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬
،ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ َ‫حُلؼ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬.ِٚ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ِْٓ

226. -337-
‫اًح‬‫ٝهغ‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـخٍ٣ش‬ٖٓ‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬َ٤٤‫طـ‬٢‫ك‬‫طٌ٤٤ق‬َ‫حُلؼ‬،٢َٓ‫حُـ‬ٕ‫كب‬
ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬‫ال‬١َ‫طـ‬ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٍ‫٣ٜي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬َٛ‫حُؼ٘خ‬‫حٌُٔٞٗش‬
‫ُِـَ٣ٔش‬‫رٞٛلٜخ‬‫حُـي٣ي‬‫طٔٔق‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬
502
‫اًح‬‫هيٓض‬‫ػيس‬ٍٝ‫ى‬‫١ِزخص‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ُِظ‬‫طظؼِن‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬،‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حألُٝٞ٣ش‬٢‫ك‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫طٔ٘ق‬
‫ُِيُٝش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أَٟص‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬،‫رٜٔخُلٜخ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ُِيُٝش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حٍطٌزض‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬َ‫ىحه‬.‫كيٝىٛخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُطِزخص‬‫ٓز٘٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حٍطٌخد‬ْ‫ؿَحث‬‫ٓوظِلش‬ٌ‫كظئه‬ٖ٤‫رؼ‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬َ٣َ‫ُظو‬
‫حألُٝٞ٣ش‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫ظَٝف‬،ٍ‫حُلخ‬ٚ‫ٝرخأله‬‫هطٍٞس‬،ْ‫حُـَحث‬َ‫ٝٓل‬،‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬‫ٝطخٍ٣ن‬ٍٞٛٝ
‫حُطِزخص‬ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫رٔوظ٠خٛخ‬ ‫طظؼٜي‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ٍٝ‫حُي‬‫حُطخُزش‬‫ربػخىس‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫حطلخه٤ش‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫رخٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫طَرطٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫ُِيُٝش‬ ٍ‫حألكٞح‬ ًَ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حألُٝٞ٣ش‬ ٌٕٞ‫ٝط‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ُظ‬
.ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬
503
‫اًح‬‫طٞرغ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٢‫أؿ٘ز‬ٍ‫ٛي‬ٌْ‫ك‬ٚ‫رؼوٞرظ‬،‫رخُٔـَد‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬‫رٔزذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ُطِذ‬ ً‫ال‬‫ٓل‬
‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬،َٟ‫أه‬ٕ‫كب‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫ال‬ْ‫٣ظ‬‫اال‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫حُٔظخرؼش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؼي‬ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬ ٙ‫ٝحإلًَح‬ ‫حُؼوٞرش‬
.‫رخُٔـَد‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬٠٠‫حُٔوظ‬‫ال‬ٍٞ‫٣ل‬ٕٝ‫ى‬‫آٌخٗ٤ش‬‫ٓؼ‬ٍٞٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬‫ٓئهظخ‬ّ‫أٓخ‬ًْ‫ٓلخ‬
‫حُيُٝش‬،‫حُطخُزش‬١َ٘‫ر‬‫حُظؼٜي‬‫َٛحكش‬‫رٔـَى‬ ٚ‫ربػخىط‬‫ٓخ‬‫٣زض‬‫حُو٠خء‬٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬٢‫ك‬.‫حُو٠٤ش‬
504
ّ‫٣وي‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫١ِذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ًظخرش‬‫ٝرخُطَ٣ن‬.٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫٣َكن‬;‫حُطِذ‬
2-َٛ‫رخأل‬‫آخ‬ َ٤‫ر٘ظ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫ُل‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫هخرِش‬،ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬‫ٝآخ‬َٓ‫أل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌَُ‫ٓ٘ي‬
٢‫اؿَحث‬َ‫هخر‬ َ‫آه‬ٍ‫ٝٛخى‬ ٌ٤‫ُِظ٘ل‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫ِٓطش‬‫ه٠خث٤ش‬‫ٝكن‬‫حٌُ٤ل٤خص‬‫حُٔوٍَس‬٢‫ك‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُيُٝش‬
‫حُطخُزش؛‬
3-ٚ‫رِٔو‬ٍ‫ُألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫١ِذ‬ٖٓ‫أؿِٜخ‬،ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫ًٌٝح‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬َ‫ٝٓل‬،‫حٍطٌخرٜخ‬‫ٝطٌ٤٤لٜخ‬
،٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝط٠خف‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬‫ٗٔوش‬ُٖٜٓٙٞ٘‫ح‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬‫حُٔطزوش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ‫حُلؼ‬
‫حُـَٓ٢؛‬
4-ٕ‫رز٤خ‬‫ىه٤ن‬‫كٔذ‬ٕ‫حإلٌٓخ‬‫ألٝٛخف‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫ٝرـٔ٤غ‬‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬
َٟ‫حأله‬٢‫حُظ‬ٖٓ‫ٗؤٜٗخ‬‫حُظؼَ٣ق‬ٚ‫رٜٞ٣ظ‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ظٚ؛‬
5-‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ّ‫رخالُظِح‬ ‫رظؼٜي‬834.ٙ‫أػال‬

227. -338-
505
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َ٣ُٕٝٝ‫حُ٘ئ‬‫حُوخٍؿ٤ش‬‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫رؼي‬‫حال١الع‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ٓٔظ٘يحط‬‫َٓكوخ‬،‫رخُِٔق‬
٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ظؤًي‬ٖٓ‫ٛلش‬‫حُطِذ‬ٌ‫ٝ٣ظو‬٢‫ك‬ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬‫ٓخ‬ِِّ٣.‫هخٗٞٗخ‬
506
‫اًح‬ٖ٤‫طز‬ٕ‫أ‬‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬‫حُٔويٓش‬ٖٓ‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ًخك٤ش‬ٖ٤ٌٔ‫ُظ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬
ًٖٓ‫حطوخ‬،ٍ‫هَح‬ٕ‫كب‬ٌٙٛ‫حُِٔطخص‬‫ططِذ‬‫رخُٔؼِٞٓخص‬ ‫اكخىطٜخ‬‫حُظٌٔ٤ِ٤ش‬ٌٖٔ٣ٝ .‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬‫ُٜخ‬
ٕ‫أ‬‫طليى‬‫أؿال‬ٍٜٞ‫ُِل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طِي‬.‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬
507
ٌٖٔ٣َ٤ًُٞ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬ ‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫حُِٔي‬،ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫ألكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٝرطِذ‬ ،ٍ‫حالٓظؼـخ‬
َٗ‫ٓزخ‬ٖٓ‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ُِيُٝش‬،‫حُطخُزش‬ٝ‫أ‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ٖٓ‫ٜٓخُق‬‫حُٔ٘ظٔش‬‫حُيُٝ٤ش‬
‫َُِ٘١ش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬"ٍٞ‫"حٗظَر‬ٕ‫أ‬َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ٍ‫رخػظوخ‬ٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫أؿ٘ز‬‫ٓئهظخ‬‫رٔـَى‬ِٚٛٞ‫ط‬،ٍ‫ربٗؼخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬
‫١َ٣ن‬‫حُزَ٣ي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫رؤ٣ش‬‫ٝٓ٤ِش‬ًٖٓ‫خ‬٣‫ٓخى‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ً‫خ‬٤‫ًظخر‬ ً‫ح‬َ‫أػ‬ ‫طظَى‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫َٓػش‬ َ‫حألًؼ‬ ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ َ‫ٝٓخث‬
ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔز٤٘ش‬ ‫حُٞػخثن‬ ٟ‫اكي‬ ‫ٝؿٞى‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬2‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ837.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ََٓ٣٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬‫ٝرخُطَ٣ن‬٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬‫١ِذ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ ٢ٍَٔٓ٣ُٕٝٝ‫حُ٘ئ‬
.‫حُوخٍؿ٤ش‬
ٖ٤‫٣ظؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫كٍٞح‬ َ‫٣٘ؼ‬‫ًال‬َٖٓ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ٝح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ربؿَحء‬‫ٌٛح‬.ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
512
١َ‫٣ـ‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬ٚ‫ٗٞحر‬ ‫أكي‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ّ‫هي‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٍ‫هال‬
‫حأل‬‫ٍرغ‬ٖ٣َ٘‫ٝحُؼ‬‫ٓخػش‬ٖٓ‫ٝهٞع‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫حٓظـٞحرخ‬‫ٌُٜح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٍٞ‫ك‬،ٚ‫ٛٞ٣ظ‬َٙ‫ٝ٣وز‬
ٕٞٔ٠ٔ‫ر‬‫حُٔ٘ي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َ‫حػظو‬،ٚ‫رٔزز‬ْ‫ػ‬‫ٓل٠َح‬ ٍَ‫٣ل‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬.‫حُؼِٔ٤ش‬
512
َ‫٣٘و‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬٢‫ك‬‫أهَد‬‫ٝهض‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ َ‫رٔو‬ ‫حُٞحهؼش‬ ‫حُٔـ٘٤ش‬ ‫حُٔئٓٔش‬
.ٞ‫حُ٘و‬
510
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬ً‫ح‬ٍٞ‫ك‬‫حُطِذ‬‫ٝحُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٠ُ‫حُٔي‬‫رٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬
ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣ل٤ِٜخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ْ‫ر٘ل‬‫ح‬‫ُٔلٌٔش‬.
‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ‫طزض‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٍ‫روَح‬َِ‫ٓؼ‬ٍ‫هال‬‫هٔٔش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ
ٚ‫اكخُظ‬،‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٣َ‫طو‬‫أكي‬ٖ٣ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫ٝرؼي‬‫اىالء‬‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬‫رٔٔظ٘ظـخطٜخ‬
‫ٝحالٓظٔخع‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫ٓئحٍُح‬.ّ‫رٔلخ‬
.٢ِ٤ٌٔ‫ط‬ ‫طلو٤ن‬ ‫ربؿَحء‬ َٓ‫طؤ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ػ٘ي‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫ُِـَكش‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ

228. -339-
511
ٌٖٔ٣‫حإلكَحؽ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬َ‫حُٔؼظو‬‫ٓئهظخ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٍ‫رخالػظوخ‬‫حُٔئهض‬ٍ‫ٛخى‬ٖ‫ػ‬
‫ىُٝش‬،‫ٓـخٍٝس‬‫اًح‬َُْٜ٣‫١ِذ‬٢ٍٔٓ‫َٓكن‬‫رخُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬837ٙ‫أػال‬
ٍ‫هال‬41ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ٌٛح‬.ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬
‫اًح‬‫ًخٗض‬‫حُيُٝش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬،‫ٓـخٍٝس‬ٕ‫كب‬‫٣ٔيى‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ َ‫حألؿ‬.َ‫آه‬ ً‫ح‬َٜٗ
ٌٖٔ٣‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫أ٣٠خ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫رٜلش‬،‫ٛل٤لش‬‫اًح‬َُْٜ‫ط‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫حألؿ‬
‫حُٔليى‬‫حُٔؼِٞٓخص‬‫حُظٌٔ٤ِ٤ش‬‫حُٔطِٞرش‬‫ططز٤وخ‬‫ُِٔخىس‬839ٙ‫أػال‬.
‫ط‬‫زض‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫ٗؤ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫١ِذ‬ٚٓ‫٣وي‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬،٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ْ‫ٝ٣ظ‬‫حُزض‬
٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُطِذ‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬.ّ‫أ٣خ‬
‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫طِٞٛض‬ ‫اًح‬‫رخُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫حُٔطِٞرش‬‫رؼي‬‫حٗو٠خء‬َ‫حألؿ‬،ًٌٍُٞٔ‫ح‬ٕ‫كب‬
‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫طؼخى‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬٠‫ٝطَحػ‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔٞحى‬838ٝ841ٝ842‫ٝٓخ‬‫٣ِ٤ٜخ‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
512
ٌٖٔ٣ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬٢‫ك‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬‫أ٣ش‬‫َٓكِش‬َٖٓ‫َٓحك‬،‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫٣طِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬
‫١زوخ‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٓئهظ‬ ٚ٘‫ػ‬‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔ٘ظٔش‬‫ُإلكَحؽ‬.‫حُٔئهض‬
‫طزض‬‫حُـَكش‬٢‫ك‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُطِذ‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫هي‬‫أريص‬َٖٓ‫هز‬‫ٍأ٣ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫١ِذ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
513
‫اًح‬‫َٛف‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬‫أػ٘خء‬٠ِ‫٣ظو‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫رٔلٌٔش‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ ّ‫أٓخ‬ ُٚٞ‫ٓؼ‬
ٖ‫ػ‬‫حالٓظلخىس‬ٖٓ‫ططز٤ن‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُزخد‬َ‫ٝهز‬ٕ‫أ‬ ‫َٛحكش‬ِْٔ٣٠ُ‫ا‬
‫ِٓطخص‬‫حُيُٝش‬،‫حُطخُزش‬ٕ‫كب‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫ط‬‫ٜ٘ي‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬.‫رٌُي‬ٚ‫ٝطٞؿ‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٖٓ‫ٌٛح‬ٍ‫حُوَح‬٠ُ‫ا‬
َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ل٤ِٜخ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬
514
١‫طزي‬‫حُـَكش‬،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬،ٌْ‫حُؼ‬‫ٍأ٣ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِذ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫اًح‬‫حػظزَص‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حُـَكش‬ٕ‫أ‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬‫حُوخٗٞٗ٤ش‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓٔظٞكخس‬ٝ‫أ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٛ٘خى‬‫هطؤ‬،‫ر٤٘خ‬
‫أٛيٍص‬‫ٍأ٣خ‬ّ‫رؼي‬‫حُٔٞحكوش‬.
َ‫٣ؼظز‬‫ٍأ٣ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٌٙٛ‫حُلخُش‬،‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٙ‫رؼي‬‫حُٔٞحكوش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫ٝ٣لَؽ‬َ‫اػ‬‫ًُي‬
ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢‫حألؿ٘ز‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣‫ٓؼظوال‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ٓزذ‬.َ‫آه‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫حُِٔق‬‫ًٌٝح‬‫ٗٔوش‬ٍٖٓ‫حُوَح‬ٍ‫هال‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬ّٖٓٞ٣‫حُ٘طن‬ٚ‫ر‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣ُٝ.ٍ‫حُؼي‬
‫٣وغ‬‫رؼي‬‫ًُي‬ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٞ‫رَك‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬

229. -33:-
515
‫اًح‬‫أريص‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٜ٣‫ٍأ‬‫خ‬‫رخُٔٞحكوش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬،ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫حُِٔق‬‫ٓغ‬‫ٗٔن‬ٖٓ،ٍ‫حُوَح‬
ٍ‫هال‬‫ػٔخٗ٤ش‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣ٍُٝ‫حُؼي‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫٣وظَف‬‫ػ٘ي‬‫حالهظ٠خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬َ٣ُُٞ‫ح‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬
84
‫آ٠خء‬
ًَّٕٞٓٓ‫٣ؤ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ٣ُٕٝٝ‫حُ٘ئ‬‫حُوخٍؿ٤ش‬‫هٜي‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬٠ُ‫ا‬َ‫حُٔٔؼ‬٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬‫ُِيُٝش‬
‫حُطخُزش‬٠ُ‫ٝح‬َ٣ُٝ‫حُيحهِ٤ش‬‫هٜي‬ٚ‫طزِ٤ـ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬َ‫ٝألؿ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬.ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬
‫اًح‬ٌُْ‫طظو‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٍ‫هال‬َ‫أؿ‬َٜٖٗٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫طزِ٤ؾ‬َُّٞٓٔ‫ح‬‫ُٔٔؼِٜخ‬
،٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬‫ٝكن‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلوَس‬،‫حُٔخروش‬‫حُٔزخىٍحص‬‫حُالُٓش‬ّ‫الٓظال‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫رٞحٓطش‬
،‫أػٞحٜٗخ‬ٝ‫أ‬ُْ٢‫طؼ‬‫حُٔزٍَحص‬‫حٌُخك٤ش‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫أٓزخد‬،‫طؤهَٛخ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬‫٣لَؽ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٍَ‫حُٔو‬
.ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫ر‬ ‫حُٔطخُزش‬ ٌٖٔ‫ط‬ ‫ٝال‬ ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬
516
‫هالكخ‬‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔخىس‬723،ٙ‫أػال‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ٓظخرؼش‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬ٝ‫أ‬ٚ‫ٓؼخهزظ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬
‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬‫ٓخروش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫طِي‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حٓظ٘ي‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫١ِذ‬،ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫اًح‬‫حُِٔطخص‬ ‫ٓ٘لض‬
‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ٓٞحكوظٜخ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ًُي‬‫طزؼخ‬‫ُِٔٔطَس‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬84:.ٙ‫رؼي‬
‫ٓ٘ق‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫ُِِٔطخص‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٌٙٛ‫حُٔٞحكوش‬٠‫كظ‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ٓخ‬‫اًح‬ٌُْٖ‫ط‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬
‫٣ٔظ٘ي‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُطِذ‬ٖٖٓ٤‫ر‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫حُٔليىس‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬831ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ ْ‫حُـَحث‬ ٖٓ ٌٖ‫ط‬ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬721.ٙ‫أػال‬
517
‫٣ـذ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫حُطِذ‬ّ‫حُٔوي‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫طٔي٣ي‬ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔخىس‬‫حُٔخروش‬‫َٓكوخ‬
‫رخُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫حُٔزٍَس‬ُُٜٚٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬726‫ًٌٝح‬ ٙ‫أػال‬َ٠‫رٔل‬َٔ‫٣٘ظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
‫طَٜ٣لخص‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬ٖٔ٠‫ٝ٣ظ‬‫ٓالكظ‬ٚ‫خط‬ٝ‫أ‬َ‫٣ٔـ‬ّ‫ػي‬‫ٝؿٞى‬١‫أ‬ٝ‫حػظَح‬‫٣ظٔٔي‬ٚ‫ر‬
‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ‫طٔي٣ي‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬
ٚ‫٣ٞؿ‬‫حُِٔق‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ط‬‫زض‬٢‫ك‬‫حُطِذ‬‫ر٘خء‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬٠ُ‫حُٔي‬،‫رٜخ‬
‫َٓحػ٤ش‬ٜٙٞ‫رخُو‬‫ٓخ‬ٙ‫أريح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ٖٓ،‫حػظَحٟخص‬ٌٖٔ٣ٕٝ‫أ‬ْٔ‫طظ‬ٌٙٛ‫حُز٤خٗخص‬
‫رخالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬ّ‫ٓلخ‬ٍٙ‫٣وظخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫٣ؼ‬ُٚ‫رطِذ‬.ٚ٘ٓ
‫طزض‬‫حُٔلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُطِذ‬‫ٝكن‬١َُٝ٘‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬ٖ٤‫حُٔخىط‬847ٝ848ٖٓ
.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬
522
َ‫٣ؼظز‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬‫هخٟؼخ‬ٕٞٗ‫ُوخ‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬ ِْٓ ٢‫حُظ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫أ٣ش‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬
‫ٓخروش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫ٝٓوظِلش‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬،‫رٔززٜخ‬‫اًح‬ٍُْ‫هال‬ ٍ‫٣ـخى‬ٖ٤‫حُؼالػ‬
84-‫حٗظ‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖٔ٠ُٔ‫ح‬ ٖٓ‫حُٜخ‬ َ244.ٙ‫أػال‬

230. -341-
‫٣ٞٓخ‬‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ٢‫حُٜ٘خث‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫طِي‬ ٍٝ‫أ‬‫حُيُٝش‬،‫ٓـخىٍطٜخ‬ ُٚ ً‫ح‬َٔ٤‫ٓظ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ٚٗ‫أ‬ ْ‫ٍؿ‬
.‫ُٜخ‬ ٚ‫ٓـخىٍط‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ‫طِي‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ػخى‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬
522
ٌٕٞ٣ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬١ٌُ‫ح‬َٜ‫طل‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رخ١ال‬‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬ٙ‫اؿَحإ‬٢‫ك‬َ٤‫ؿ‬
ٞ‫حألك‬ٍ‫ح‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬،ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٓخ‬‫ػيح‬‫اًح‬‫ٜٗض‬‫حطلخه٤خص‬‫ىُٝ٤ش‬‫ٗخكٌس‬ٍٞ‫حُٔلؼ‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬.‫ٓوخُلش‬
،ٕ‫رخُزطال‬ ‫طَٜف‬ُٞٝ،‫طِوخث٤خ‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٝ‫أ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫حُظ‬َ٤‫أك‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫رؼي‬
.ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬
ٚ‫طوظ‬‫حًٌٍُٔٞس‬ ‫حُٜ٤جخص‬‫ًٌُي‬َ‫رخُ٘ظ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٛلش‬‫حُظٌ٤٤ق‬٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫حُٔطزن‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُٞهخثغ‬
‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٖٓ‫أؿِٜخ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫اًح‬ْ‫ط‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٍَ‫ٓو‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ‫أٛزق‬،‫ٜٗخث٤خ‬ٕ‫كب‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٢ٛ‫حُظ‬٢‫ط‬‫َٜف‬
‫رٌٜح‬.ٕ‫حُزطال‬
‫ال‬َ‫٣وز‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫حَُٔكٞع‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ٕ‫حُزطال‬ٖٓٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬ٚٓ‫هي‬٢‫ك‬‫ظَف‬‫ػالػش‬
ّ‫أ٣خ‬ٖٓ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬ ٍ‫حإلٌٗح‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬َ‫اػ‬ُٚ‫حػظوخ‬َٖٓ‫هز‬َ٤ًٝ،‫حُِٔي‬ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬
ٍ‫اٗؼخ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬ٚ‫رلو‬٢‫ك‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٓلخٓ٤خ‬ ٍ‫٣وظخ‬ٕ‫أ‬ ٝ‫أ‬‫٣طِذ‬ٚ٘٤٤‫طؼ‬.ُٚ
520
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ٕ‫رزطال‬‫٣لَؽ‬ ،ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬‫ٓخ‬ٌُْٖ٣‫ٓطِٞرخ‬ٖٓ
‫حُيُٝش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫ٓ٘لض‬،ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫ٝال‬ٌٖٔ٣ٞ‫حُوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ‫ؿي٣ي‬‫ٓٞحء‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫حٓظ٘ي‬
‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫ٌٛح‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ٝ‫أ‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ٍ‫أكؼخ‬‫ٓخروش‬‫اال‬‫اًح‬ُْ٢ٟ‫حألٍح‬ ٍ‫٣ـخى‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ٖ٤‫حُؼالػ‬ ٍ‫هال‬
ٝ‫أ‬ ،ٚ‫اٍحىط‬ ٖ‫ػ‬ ‫هخٍؿش‬ ‫ألٓزخد‬ ً‫ح‬ٌٍ‫ٓظؼ‬ ٚ‫هَٝؿ‬ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ‫ٓخ‬ ،ٚ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حإلكَحؽ‬ ‫ُظخٍ٣ن‬ ‫حُٔٞحُ٤ش‬ ً‫خ‬ٓٞ٣
.ٚ‫ٓـخىٍط‬ ‫رؼي‬ ‫حُٔـَد‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ػخى‬ ‫اًح‬
521
‫اًح‬‫كِٜض‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٚ‫ٗو‬٢‫أؿ٘ز‬‫ًٝخٗض‬‫كٌٞٓش‬‫ىُٝش‬‫ػخُؼش‬
‫ططِذ‬‫ٜٓ٘خ‬‫ريٍٝٛخ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ْ‫ٗل‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬َ‫ألؿ‬ٚ‫حٍطٌخر‬‫أكؼخال‬‫ٓخروش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٌٛح‬ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫ٝٓوظِلش‬ٖ‫ػ‬ٍ‫حألكؼخ‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٛي‬‫ك٤ٜخ‬٢ٟ‫رؤٍح‬‫حُٔـَد‬‫َٓطزطش‬ َ٤‫ٝؿ‬،‫رٜخ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬ٖٓ
.ٚ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ِٓٔض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ ُّ‫حُال‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُو٤ي‬‫ال‬‫٣طزن‬‫اًح‬ٌٖٓ‫أ‬ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ُِْٔٔ‫ح‬ٕ‫أ‬٢ٟ‫حألٍح‬ ٍ‫٣ـخى‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ٍ‫هال‬
َ‫حألؿ‬‫حُٔليى‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬851.
522
ًٕ‫٣ئ‬ٍَٝٔ‫ر‬ًَٚ‫ٗو‬َ٤‫ؿ‬٢‫ٓـَر‬‫ً٤لٔخ‬‫ًخٗض‬ٚ‫ؿ٘ٔ٤ظ‬‫٣وغ‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٖٓ‫ىُٝش‬َٟ‫أه‬
َ‫ػز‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حُٔـَد‬ٝ‫أ‬ْ‫٣ظ‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ٓظ‬ٖ‫ٓل‬ٝ‫أ‬‫١خثَحص‬،‫ٓـَر٤ش‬‫رٔـَى‬ْ٣‫طوي‬‫١ِذ‬١‫ػخى‬

231. -342-
‫رخُطَ٣ن‬٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬ْ‫ٓيػ‬‫رخُٔٔظ٘يحص‬‫حُ٠ٍَٝ٣ش‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طؼزض‬ٕ‫رؤ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬
َ‫طيه‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٜٙٞ٘ٓ ٞٛ ‫ٓخ‬ ٖٟٔ831.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫ال‬‫٣ٔ٘ق‬‫ٌٛح‬ًٕ‫حإل‬‫اال‬٢‫ك‬‫ٗطخم‬‫حُٔؼخِٓش‬‫حُيُٝش‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حطلخه٤ش‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٜٗض‬ ‫اًح‬ ٝ‫أ‬ َ‫رخُٔؼ‬
.‫حُطخُزش‬
ْ‫٣ظ‬َ‫حُ٘و‬‫طلض‬‫َٓحهزش‬‫أػ‬ٕ‫ٞح‬‫ٓـخٍرش‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬‫ٗلوش‬‫حُيُٝش‬.‫حُطخُزش‬
٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬َ‫ٗو‬‫ٌٛح‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫ؿٞح‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖ‫ٓظ‬‫١خثَس‬،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ٌُْٖ٣‫ٓوٍَح‬‫ُٜخ‬ٕ‫أ‬٢‫طل‬
،‫رخُٔـَد‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬َ‫ط٘ؼ‬‫حُلٌٞٓش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ٕ‫رؤ‬‫حُطخثَس‬‫ٓظلِن‬٢‫ك‬‫ك٠خثٜخ‬‫ٝطٜ٘ي‬
‫رٞؿٞى‬‫حُٔٔظ٘يحص‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔخىس‬837.ٙ‫أػال‬
‫اًح‬‫كطض‬‫حُطخثَس‬،‫كـؤس‬ٕ‫كب‬‫ٌٛح‬‫حُظَٜ٣ق‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬ٍُٚ‫آػخ‬‫١ِذ‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬‫حُٔئهض‬
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ‫حُز٘ي‬ ٢‫ك‬2ٖٓ‫حُٔخىس‬837ٖ٤‫ٝ٣ظؼ‬ ،ٙ‫أػال‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٌ‫ػ٘يث‬ٕ‫أ‬
ََٓ‫ط‬‫١ِزخ‬‫ٍٓٔ٤خ‬.ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬
‫ػ٘يٓخ‬ٌٕٞ٣‫طٞهق‬‫حُطخثَس‬‫رخُٔـَد‬،‫ٓوٍَح‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬ٚ‫طٞؿ‬‫١ِزخ‬‫ٝكن‬
‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُلوَس‬‫حُوخٓٔش‬ٌٖٓٙٛ.‫حُٔخىس‬
523
ِ‫طلـ‬‫رطِذ‬ٖٓ‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫حألٗ٤خء‬‫حُٔظلِٜش‬ٖٓ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٖٔ٣
‫حػظٔخىٛخ‬‫ًؤىٝحص‬َ‫٣ؼؼ‬ ٢‫ٝحُظ‬ ،‫حهظ٘خع‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ك٤خُس‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬‫ٝهض‬‫اُوخء‬
ٞ‫حُوز‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫طٌظ٘ق‬‫ك٤ٔخ‬.‫رؼي‬
‫ط‬‫زض‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬٢‫ك‬ْ‫ٗل‬‫حُٞهض‬١ٌُ‫ح‬‫ط‬١‫زي‬ٚ٤‫ك‬ٜ٣‫ٍأ‬‫خ‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫رخُٔٞحكوش‬
.‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ ٌٙٛ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬
ُٞ‫٣ـ‬ٕ‫أ‬ِْٔ‫ط‬ٌٙٛ‫حألٗ٤خء‬ٌٍُٞٝ‫طؼ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬‫حُٔطِٞد‬‫رٔزذ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍٙ‫كَح‬.ٚ‫ٝكخط‬
‫ُِِٔطخص‬ ٌٖٔ٣‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ٓغ‬‫ًُي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طلظلع‬‫رخألٗ٤خء‬،‫حُٔلـُٞس‬‫اًح‬‫ٍأص‬ٕ‫أ‬‫ًُي‬
١ٍَٟٖٝٔ‫ُل‬َ٤ٓ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫حإلؿَحءحص‬‫حُـخٍ٣ش‬ّ‫أٓخ‬‫ٓلخًٜٔخ‬‫ٟي‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚٔ‫ٗل‬ ٚ‫حُ٘و‬
ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ٚ‫ٓؼ‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬،ٌُٖٚٔ٣ٝ‫ُٜخ‬‫ًٌُي‬ٕ‫أ‬‫طلظلع‬،‫ُ٘لٜٔخ‬‫ػ٘ي‬ٍ‫آٍخ‬ٌٙٛ‫حألٗ٤خء‬
‫رخُلن‬٢‫ك‬.‫ًُي‬ ‫ُٜخ‬ َٔ٤‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٓخ‬ ‫رٔـَى‬ ‫ربػخىطٜخ‬ ‫حُظؼٜي‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫حُٔزذ‬ ْ‫ُ٘ل‬ ‫حٓظَىحىٛخ‬
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٚٗ‫أ‬‫طللع‬‫حُلوٞم‬‫حٌُٔظٔزش‬‫ُِيُٝش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬َ٤‫ُِـ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٌٙٛ.‫حألٗ٤خء‬
‫انشٕٓد‬ ‫اطزذػبء‬ 8‫انخبيض‬ ‫انجبة‬
524
‫اًح‬‫ٍأص‬‫ىُٝش‬‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬‫ٍَٟٝس‬ٍٞ٠‫ك‬‫أكي‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٖ٤ٔ٤‫حُٔو‬ٍٝ‫رؤ‬‫حُٔـَد‬‫ُالٓظٔخع‬
ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠٤ش‬،‫ُؿَ٣ش‬ٕ‫كب‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬٢‫حُظ‬ّ‫هي‬‫اُ٤ٜخ‬‫حُطِذ‬‫رخُطَ٣ن‬
٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬ٞ‫طيػ‬‫حُ٘خٛي‬‫ُالٓظـخرش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حالٓظيػخء‬ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬.ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬

232. -343-
َ٤‫ؿ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬ ٕ‫آٌخ‬ ّ‫ػي‬ ١َ٘‫ر‬ ‫اال‬ ٚ٤ُ‫ا‬ ٚ‫حُٔٞؿ‬ ٚ‫ُِ٘و‬ ‫٣زِؾ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حالٓظيػخء‬
.ٍٙٞ٠‫ُل‬ ‫ٓخروش‬ ‫ػوٞرخص‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫أكؼخ‬ َ‫أؿ‬ ٖٓ ٚ‫كَ٣ظ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُلي‬
525
ًَٚ‫ٗو‬َ‫ٓؼظو‬‫رٔئٓٔش‬‫ٓـ٘٤ش‬‫رخُٔـَد‬‫٣طِذ‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬‫ٗوٜ٤خ‬ٖٓ‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُطخُزش‬
‫ٜٗخىس‬ ‫أىحء‬ ‫روٜي‬ٝ‫أ‬‫اؿَحء‬،‫ٓٞحؿٜش‬ٌٖٔ٣ِٚ‫ٗو‬‫ٓئهظخ‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬١َ٘‫ر‬ٚ‫اٍؿخػ‬ٍ‫هال‬
َ‫أؿ‬ٙ‫طليى‬‫حُِٔطخص‬.‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬
.٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬ ‫رخُطَ٣ن‬ ‫حُطِذ‬ ‫٣َى‬
ٌٖٔ٣ٞ‫ٍك‬‫ٌٛح‬;َ‫حُ٘و‬
-‫اًح‬َُْ‫٣وز‬ٚ‫ر‬‫حُٔؼظوَ؛‬
-‫اًح‬َٜ‫ظ‬ٕ‫أ‬ٍٙٞ٠‫ك‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠٤ش‬‫ُؿَ٣ش‬‫ؿخٍ٣ش‬‫رخُٔـَد‬َٓ‫أ‬‫ٍَٟٝ١؛‬
-‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬١‫ٓ٤ئى‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫طٔي٣ي‬‫كظَس‬‫حػظوخُٚ؛‬
-‫اًح‬‫ٝؿيص‬‫حػظزخٍحص‬‫هخٛش‬َٝ‫طؼظ‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬٠ُ‫ا‬٢ٟ‫أٍح‬‫حُيُٝش‬.‫حُطخُزش‬
٠‫٣زو‬ٚ‫حُ٘و‬١ٌُ‫ح‬ْ‫ط‬ِٚ‫ٗو‬ٌٜٙ‫ر‬‫حُٜلش‬ٍٍٖٛ‫حالػظوخ‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫اال‬ ‫حُطخُزش‬‫اًح‬‫طؼِن‬
َٓ‫حأل‬ٚ‫ر٘و‬ٌّٞ‫ٓل‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬‫رؼوٞرش‬‫ٝ١ِزض‬‫حُيُٝش‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬‫ػ٘ي‬ّ‫حَٜٗح‬ٚ‫ػوٞرظ‬‫حإلكَحؽ‬.ٚ٘‫ػ‬
‫طلٔذ‬‫رٜخ‬ ٌّٞ‫حُٔل‬ ‫حُٔيس‬ ٖٟٔ ‫حُطخُزش‬ ‫حُيُٝش‬ ٖ‫رٔـ‬ َٓ‫رخأل‬ ٢٘‫حُٔؼ‬ ‫٣و٠٤ٜخ‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ‫حُٔيس‬
.‫حُؼوٞرش‬ ٖٓ ْٜ‫ٝطو‬ ‫رخُٔـَد‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬
‫انزطًٛخ‬ ‫انشكبٚخ‬ 8‫انظبدص‬ ‫انجبة‬
526
‫اًح‬‫حٍطٌذ‬٢‫أؿ٘ز‬‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬٢ٟ‫رؤٍح‬،‫حُٔـَد‬ٕ‫ًٝخ‬ٖٓ٢٘١‫ٓٞح‬‫٣ٔٔق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ىُٝش‬‫طَ٘٣ؼٜخ‬
ْ٤ِٔ‫رظ‬،‫ٓٞح١٘٤ٜخ‬ٚٗ‫كب‬ٌٖٔ٣‫ُِِٔطخص‬‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬٢‫ك‬‫كخُش‬‫ُـٞء‬‫َٓطٌذ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٚ٘١ٕٝ‫أ‬
ّٞ‫طو‬‫ربرالؽ‬ٚ‫ىُٝظ‬‫رٔخ‬ٚ‫حٍطٌز‬ٍٖٓ‫أكؼخ‬ٍٜٞ‫ُِل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٚ‫ٓظخرؼظ‬‫١زوخ‬‫ُظَ٘٣غ‬‫حُيُٝش‬.‫حُٔطِٞرش‬
ْ‫٣ظ‬‫حإلرالؽ‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫رخُطَ٣ن‬.٢ٓ‫حُي٣زِٞٓخ‬
ٖٔ٠‫٣ظ‬‫حإلرالؽ‬‫ػَٟخ‬ٝ ،‫ُِٞهخثغ‬ٖ٤‫٣ز‬ٚ٤‫ك‬‫ريهش‬ٕ‫ٌٓخ‬‫ٝٝهض‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ‫حٍطٌخد‬
َٛ‫ٝحُؼ٘خ‬‫حٌُٔٞٗش‬‫ُٜخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ٝح‬‫حُٔطزوش‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬‫رخُٔـَد‬‫ٝؿٔ٤غ‬َٛ‫حُؼ٘خ‬َٟ‫حأله‬٢‫حُظ‬
ٌٖٔ٣‫حٓظؼٔخُٜخ‬َ‫ًٞٓخث‬،‫اػزخص‬‫ر٘ٔن‬ ٜٙٞ‫حُو‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٝ٣َكن‬‫ٜٓخىم‬٠ِ‫ػ‬‫ٓطخروظٜخ‬َٛ‫ُأل‬
َٖٟٓ‫ٓلخ‬‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٖ٤ًٍ‫حُٔ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ٖ٤ٔٛ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ٝحالٓظٔخع‬ ‫حُٔؼخ٣٘ش‬
.‫رخُٔـَد‬ ٕٝ‫٣ٞؿي‬ ٖ٣ٌُ‫ح‬
٤٠‫ٓوظ‬ ‫ططزن‬.‫حُٜيى‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔزَٓش‬ ‫حالطلخه٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬ ‫حُلوَحص‬ ‫خص‬

233. -344-
527
ٖ١‫حُٔٞح‬ ‫رخُٔـَد‬ ‫٣ظخرغ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ،‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ٖٓ ‫ٍٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رٌ٘خ٣ش‬ َٛٞ‫حُظ‬ ‫كخُش‬ ٢‫ك‬ ٌٖٔ٣
‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ُِيُٝش‬ ٚٔ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ْ‫٣ظ‬ ‫ٝال‬ ،‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫رخُوخٍؽ‬ ‫ؿَ٣ٔش‬ ‫٣َطٌذ‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ٢‫حُٔـَر‬
‫ٝ٣ل‬ .‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ٚ‫ُـ٘ٔ٤ظ‬ ً‫ح‬ٍ‫حػظزخ‬.٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ً‫خ‬‫ٝكو‬ ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬ ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٍ‫ٝ٣ٜي‬ ًْ‫خ‬
‫انًزالت‬ ‫انزظهٛى‬ 8‫انظبثغ‬ ‫انجبة‬85
2527
‫َٓحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ ‫ػِٔ٤ش‬ ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ ٖٓ ‫ططِذ‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ُيُٝش‬ ٌٖٔ٣
.‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ َ‫ىحه‬
‫ٝكن‬ ‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ٖٓ ‫حُٞحٍىس‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫١ِزخص‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬‫حُزخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُلَ٣ي‬ ‫حُلَع‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬
َ‫ىحه‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬
.٢‫حُٔـَر‬ ‫ُِظَ٘٣غ‬ ‫ٝ١زوخ‬ ‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ٢ٟ‫أٍح‬
‫رؼي‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫ٓ٘ق‬ ‫حالٓظج٘خف‬ ‫ٓلٌٔش‬ ٟ‫ُي‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣ ‫ال‬
.ٍ‫حُؼي‬ َ٣ُٝ ‫ٓٞحكوش‬
ٕ‫أ‬ َ٤‫ؿ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬ ‫رٔ٤خىس‬ ّ‫حُٔٔخ‬ ٚٗ‫ٗؤ‬ ٖٓ ‫ط٘ل٤ٌٛخ‬ ٕ‫ًخ‬ ‫اًح‬ ٌ‫ط٘ل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬ ‫١ِزخص‬
.‫حألٓخٓ٤ش‬ َٟ‫حأله‬ ‫ٜٓخُلٜخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ ‫ٗظخٜٓخ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أٜٓ٘خ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔـَر٤ش‬
0527
ٖٓ ‫اؿَحء‬ ١‫أ‬ ً‫حطوخ‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫رخُظ‬ ًٕ‫حإل‬ ‫ٓ٘ق‬ ١ٌُ‫ح‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ َ‫٣ئؿ‬
‫رؼِٔ٤ش‬ ‫حَُٔطزطش‬ ‫حُزلغ‬ ‫اؿَحءحص‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫أؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ىُٝش‬ ‫١ِذ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ر٘خء‬ ‫رٜخ‬ ًٕٝ‫حُٔؤ‬ ‫حَُٔحهذ‬ ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬
‫ٝؿٜظٜخ‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حُ٘ل٘ش‬ ٍٞٛٞ‫ر‬ ِٚٔ‫ػ‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫ك٤ٜخ‬ ٖ٤١ٍٞ‫ٝحُٔظ‬ ‫حُـَ٣ٔش‬ ٢‫َٓطٌز‬ ‫ا٣وخف‬
.‫ر٘ؤٜٗخ‬ ‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫حُِٔطخص‬ َ‫طيه‬ ٖ٤‫ك‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حالهظ٠خء‬ ‫ٝػ٘ي‬ ،‫حُٜ٘خث٤ش‬
ُ‫ح‬ ‫ِٓطخص‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫٣ظلن‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ‫حُـخ٣ش‬ ٌُٜٙ ٌٖٔ٣‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫يُٝش‬
.َ‫حُظيه‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ًٝ٤ل٤خص‬ َ‫ُِظيه‬ ‫ٓٞكي‬
‫حُٔوظٜش‬ ‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ ‫حَُ٘١ش‬ ‫ٜٓخُق‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫٣ؼٜي‬ ٕ‫أ‬ ‫أ٣٠خ‬ ‫ُِِٔي‬ ّ‫حُؼخ‬ َ٤ًُِٞ ٌٖٔ٣
.َ‫حُظيه‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫ًٝ٤ل٤خص‬ َ‫ُِظيه‬ ‫ٓٞكي‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٍٞ‫ك‬ ‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬ ‫ٗظ٤َطٜخ‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫رخُظ٘ٔ٤ن‬
85-٤ٔ‫طظ‬ ْ‫ط‬‫ح‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ْ‫ُؼخُغ‬‫ح‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ‫ُٔخرغ‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫رخُزخد‬‫ٔخرغ‬ُ‫ح‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫رٔٞؿذ‬ ٙ‫أػال‬‫وخٓٔش‬ْٖٓ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬24.21،
ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬.

234. -345-
‫ٔخزبيٛخ‬ ‫يخزهفخ‬ ‫أحكبو‬ 8ٍ‫انضبي‬ ‫انكزبة‬
532
‫ؿٔ٤غ‬‫ح٥ؿخ‬ٍُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬‫ٌٛح‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ٍ‫آؿخ‬‫ًخِٓش‬‫ال‬َٔ٘‫ط‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬‫ٝال‬ ٍٝ‫حأل‬
ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬٠٘‫ٝطٔظؼ‬ ،َ٤‫حأله‬ٍٖٓ‫ح٥ؿخ‬ ‫ًُي‬٢‫حُظ‬ٌٕٞ‫ط‬‫ٓليىس‬.‫حُٔخػخص‬ ‫رؼيى‬
‫اًح‬ٕ‫ًخ‬ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬َ٤‫حأله‬َ‫ُألؿ‬ّٞ٣‫ػطِش‬‫حٓظي‬َ‫حألؿ‬٠ُ‫ا‬ٍٝ‫أ‬ّٞ٣َٔ‫ػ‬.ٙ‫رؼي‬
َ‫طؼظز‬ّ‫أ٣خ‬َ‫ػط‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ّ‫حأل٣خ‬‫حَُٜٔف‬‫رؤٜٗخ‬‫ًٌُي‬٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ٚٗ.ٙ‫هخ‬
532
،ِ‫٣٘ـ‬ ُْ ٚٗ‫ًؤ‬ ‫٣ؼي‬ ٢ٗٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٚ‫حُٞؿ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ُٙ‫اٗـخ‬ ‫٣ؼزض‬ ُْٝ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ٚ‫ر‬ َٓ‫٣ؤ‬ ‫اؿَحء‬ ًَ
‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُؼش‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ًُٝي‬553.‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ ‫ؿَكش‬ ‫رـِٔخص‬ ‫حُٔظؼِوش‬
530
‫ططزن‬ّ‫أكٌخ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُٜٔخىم‬ٚ٤ِ‫ػ‬َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.85.585
ٍ‫حُٜخى‬٢‫ك‬22ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬ ٖٓ24:5(39َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬1974)٠ِ‫ػ‬ٟٝ‫حُيػخ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬‫حُٔوخٓش‬ّ‫أٓخ‬
‫حُو٠خء‬،١َ‫حُِؿ‬‫ًِٔخ‬‫ًخٗض‬َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ٓظ٘خه٠ش‬‫ٓغ‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُوخٛش‬‫ٌُٜح‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٝحُٔظؼِوش‬
ْ‫ر٘ل‬.‫حُٟٔٞٞع‬
531
‫اًح‬‫ٝهغ‬٢‫ك‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫ٗظ٤ـش‬‫ططز٤ن‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬،‫حُـي٣ي‬َ‫٣٘و‬‫حُِٔق‬‫روٞس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
ٕٝ‫ٝري‬١‫أ‬‫اؿَحء‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ٛ٤جش‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬ٌْ‫حُل‬ ٝ‫أ‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٛزلض‬.‫ٓوظٜش‬
532
٠‫طزو‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬٢‫حُظ‬‫أٗـِص‬َ‫هز‬‫طخٍ٣ن‬‫ططز٤ن‬‫ٌٛح‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬‫ٛل٤لش‬‫ٝال‬٢‫ىحػ‬
.‫إلػخىطٜخ‬
533
‫كخطق‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬‫ٓ٘ش‬ ٖٓ َ‫أًظٞر‬311486
.
َ٤‫ؿ‬‫ك٤غ‬ ٖٓ ‫هخٟؼش‬ َ‫طظ‬ ‫حُظطز٤ن‬ ِ٤‫ك‬ ُٚٞ‫ىه‬ ‫طخٍ٣ن‬ َ‫هز‬ ‫حُٜخىٍس‬ ‫حُٔوٍَحص‬ ٕ‫أ‬
.‫حُٔ٘ٔٞهش‬ ٖ٤ٗ‫حُوٞح‬ ٢‫ك‬ ‫حُٔ٠ٔ٘ش‬ ‫ُِٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫ٝآؿخُٜخ‬ ٕٞ‫حُطؼ‬
86-‫حُٔخىس‬ ٖٓ ٠ُٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حُلوَس‬ ّ‫أكٌخ‬ َ٤٤‫طـ‬ ْ‫ط‬866" ;ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٚ٘‫ط‬ ‫ًخٗض‬ ٢‫حُظ‬‫ٌٛح‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ١َ‫٣ـ‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ َُٙ٘٘ ٢ُ‫حُٔٞح‬ َ٘‫ػ‬ ‫حُظخٓغ‬ َُِٜ٘ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ّٞ٤ُ‫ح‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬"ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخٓ٘ش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬
14.14ًٌَُ‫ح‬ ‫ٓخُق‬ ،‫حإلٍٛخد‬ ‫رٌٔخكلش‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬،ٚ٘‫ط‬ ٢‫حُظ‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ْ‫ٗل‬ ٖٓ ‫حُظخٓؼش‬ ‫حُٔخىس‬ ‫ٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ‫َٓحػخس‬ ‫ٓغ‬
ٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ ‫رٔوظ٠٤خص‬ َٔ‫حُؼ‬ ١َ‫"٣ـ‬ ;ٚٗ‫أ‬ ٠ِ‫ػ‬ٖٓ ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫حٌُظخد‬ ٖٓ ‫حُؼخُغ‬ ْٔ‫حُو‬ ٖٓ ْٓ‫حُوخ‬ ‫حُزخد‬ ‫ٝٓوظ٠٤خص‬ ٕ
ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬33.12‫طخٍ٣ن‬ ٖٓ ‫حرظيحء‬ ‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ ‫رخُٔٔطَس‬ ‫حُٔظؼِن‬"‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬ ‫رخُـَ٣يس‬ ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬ ‫ٌٛح‬ َ٘ٗ.

235. -346-
534
‫ط٘ٔن‬‫ؿٔ٤غ‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬‫حُٔوخُلش‬‫ٌُٜح‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٠ِ‫ٝػ‬;ٚ‫حأله‬
1-‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.69.372‫رظخٍ٣ن‬‫كخطق‬ٕ‫ٗؼزخ‬2489(21َ٣‫٣زَح‬2:6:)
١ٌُ‫ح‬١ٞ‫٣لظ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬ُٜٙٞ٘‫ٝح‬ٝ‫أ‬ ‫حُٔظٔٔش‬‫حُٔؼيُش‬‫ُٚ؛‬
3-َٜ‫حُل‬62٢‫ك‬ ٍ‫حُٜخى‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ ٖٓ3ٍٝ‫حأل‬ ‫ٍر٤غ‬2488(38َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬
2:68‫اكيحع‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ )٠ِ‫حألػ‬ ِْ‫حُٔـ‬‫؛‬
4-ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬ ‫رٔؼخرش‬ ‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬2.85.559‫رظخٍ٣ن‬22ٕ‫ٍٓ٠خ‬ ٖٓ24:5(39
َ‫ٗظ٘٘ز‬2:85)‫حُٔظؼِن‬‫رخإلؿَحءحص‬‫حالٗظوخُ٤ش‬‫ططز٤وخ‬‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫ُِظ‬‫رٔؼخرش‬ْ‫ٍه‬ ٕٞٗ‫هخ‬
2.85.449‫رظخٍ٣ن‬35ٟ‫ؿٔخى‬ ٖٓ‫ح٥هَس‬24:5(26ُٞ٤ُٞ٣2:85)‫حُٔظؼِن‬ْ٤‫رخُظ٘ظ‬
٢‫حُو٠خث‬‫ٌُِِٔٔش؛‬
5-‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.69.2::‫رظخٍ٣ن‬7‫ٍر٤غ‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬2489(31َ‫ٗظ٘ز‬2:69)
ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫حُؼ٠ٞ٣ش‬‫حالٓظ٘خٍ٣ش‬٢‫ك‬‫حُو٠خ٣خ‬،‫حُـ٘خث٤ش‬‫ًٔخ‬‫ٝهغ‬ٝ‫أ‬ َٙ٤٤‫طـ‬‫طظٔ٤ٔٚ؛‬
6-َ٤ٜ‫حُظ‬‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.69.168‫رظخٍ٣ن‬36ٖٓ‫ٍر٤غ‬َ‫ح٥ه‬2489(9َ‫ٗٞٗز‬
2:73)ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬‫كٌٞٓخطْٜ؛‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬ ‫حألؿخٗذ‬
7-ٍٜٞ‫حُل‬ٖٓ2:٠ُ‫ا‬34ٖٓ‫ٓـٔٞػش‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬٢‫حُـ٘خث‬‫حُٜٔخىم‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬َ٤ٜ‫رخُظ‬
‫حَُ٘٣ق‬ْ‫ٍه‬2.6:.524‫رظخٍ٣ن‬39ٖٟٓ‫ؿٔخى‬‫ح٥هَس‬2493(37َ‫ٗٞٗز‬2:73.)
757
‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬ ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬ ‫ططزن‬٢‫حُظ‬َ٤‫طل‬‫حُٔخىس‬ ٠٠‫رٔوظ‬ ‫حُٔ٘ٔٞهش‬ ُٜٙٞ٘‫ح‬ ٠ُ‫ا‬867ٙ‫أػال‬
٢‫ٝحُظ‬‫طظ٠ٜٔ٘خ‬ٜٙٞٗ‫طَ٘٣ؼ٤ش‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ط٘ظ٤ٔ٤ش‬‫حُٔوظ٠٤خص‬‫حُٔٞحكوش‬‫ُٜخ‬ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ‫ح‬‫ػِ٤ٜخ‬٢‫ك‬
‫ٌٛح‬.ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬
1524192424

236. -347-
‫انفٓزص‬
00.220
2.20.03303220110220
00.222
00.223
3
27
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫هَ٣٘ش‬‫حُزَحءس‬.......................................................................2:
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫اهخٓش‬ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬ٟٞ‫ٝحُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬.....................................2:
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُؼٔٞٓ٤ش‬.................................................................2:
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;ٟٞ‫حُيػ‬‫حُٔيٗ٤ش‬...................................................................32
01
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حٌُِٔلش‬١َ‫رخُظل‬ٖ‫ػ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬............................................34
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫َٓ٣ش‬‫حُزلغ‬‫ٝحُظلو٤ن‬...........................................................34
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.................................................................34
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬.....................................................................34
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;١‫ٟزخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.....................................................35
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;ٕ‫أػٞح‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.....................................................38
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;ٕٞ‫حُٔٞظل‬ٕ‫ٝحألػٞح‬ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬ٞ‫رزؼ‬ّ‫ٜٓخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬........38
‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫َٓحهزش‬ٍ‫أػٔخ‬‫حَُ٘١ش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.........................................39
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُ٘٤خرش‬‫حُؼخٓش‬.......................................................................3:
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬.....................................................................3:
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َ٤ًٝ‫حُِٔي‬.....................................................................41
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حهظٜخٛخص‬َ٤ًُٞ‫ح‬ّ‫حُؼخ‬‫ُِِٔي‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬...............45
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حُو٠خس‬ٕٞ‫حٌُِٔل‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬.......................................................47
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُزلغ‬......................................................................47
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫كخُش‬ْ‫حُظِز‬‫رخُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ٝحُـ٘ق‬..................................................47
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حُزلغ‬١‫حُظٜٔ٤ي‬...................................................................56
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫طو٘٤خص‬‫حُزلغ‬‫حُوخٛش‬...........................................................58
‫كَع‬‫كَ٣ي‬;ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫حَُٔحهذ‬...................................................................58
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬ٌٍَٓ;‫كٔخ٣ش‬‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬‫ٝحُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝحُوزَحء‬ٖ٤‫ٝحُٔزِـ‬.............................59
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫كٔخ٣ش‬‫حُ٠لخ٣خ‬....................................................................59
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫كٔخ٣ش‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬‫ٝحُوزَحء‬........................................................5:
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫كٔخ٣ش‬ٖ٤‫حُٔزِـ‬....................................................................61

237. -348-
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُظلو٤ن‬١‫حإلػيحى‬....................................................................62
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬........................................................................62
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;٢ٟ‫حُوخ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخُظلو٤ن‬........................................................63
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫طٜ٘٤ذ‬‫حُطَف‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬..........................................................65
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;َ‫حُظ٘و‬ٖ٤‫ٝحُظلظ‬ِ‫ٝحُلـ‬.........................................................66
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;١‫حُظوخ‬‫حٌُٔخُٔخص‬‫ٝحالطٜخالص‬‫حُٔ٘ـِس‬َ‫رٞٓخث‬ٍ‫حالطٜخ‬ٖ‫ػ‬‫رؼي‬.....69
‫حُزخد‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬..........................................................72
‫حُزخد‬‫حُٔخرغ‬;‫حٓظ٘طخم‬ْٜ‫حُٔظ‬ٚ‫ٝٓٞحؿٜظ‬‫ٓغ‬َ٤‫حُـ‬..........................................76
‫حُزخد‬ٖٓ‫حُؼخ‬;َٓ‫أٝح‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬............................................................78
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬.....................................................................78
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َٓ‫حأل‬ٍٞ٠‫رخُل‬...............................................................78
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;َٓ‫حأل‬ٍ‫رخإلك٠خ‬..............................................................79
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;َٓ‫حأل‬‫رخإل٣يحع‬٢‫ك‬ٖ‫حُٔـ‬....................................................7:
‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;َٓ‫حأل‬‫ربُوخء‬ٞ‫حُوز‬.........................................................81
‫حُزخد‬‫حُظخٓغ‬;‫حُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٍ‫ٝحالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬.....................83
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫حُٟٞغ‬‫طلض‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬.............................................83
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬...........................................................87
‫حُزخد‬َٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حإلٗخرش‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬..................................................................92
‫حُزخد‬١‫حُلخى‬َ٘‫ػ‬;‫اؿَحء‬‫حُوزَس‬.............................................................93
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬َ٘‫ػ‬;ٕ‫رطال‬‫اؿَحءحص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬.................................................97
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬َ٘‫ػ‬;َٓ‫حألٝح‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫حٗظٜخء‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬.................................98
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬َ٘‫ػ‬;‫حٓظج٘خف‬َٓ‫أٝح‬٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬..........................................9:
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬َ٘‫ػ‬;‫اػخىس‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫رٔزذ‬ٍٜٞ‫ظ‬‫أىُش‬‫ؿي٣يس‬..............................:2
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫رٔلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬................................................:2
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬........................................................................:2
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حُوخٛش‬ْ٤‫رَث‬‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬....................................:6
74
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬...........................................................................:7
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫هٞحػي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬َٜٝ‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬....................:7
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫هٞحػي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫حُؼخى٣ش‬...................................................:7
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َٜ‫ك‬‫ط٘خُع‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬....................................................::
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫هٞحػي‬ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫حالٓظؼ٘خث٤ش‬................................................211
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ٌْ‫حُل‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حُٔ٘ٔٞرش‬ٞ‫ُزؼ‬‫حُو٠خس‬ٝ‫أ‬ٖ٤‫حُٔٞظل‬.211
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حُٔؼخهزش‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫أػ٘خء‬‫ؿِٔخص‬‫ٛ٤جش‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.............213
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حإلكخُش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫طٌ٘ي‬‫َٓ٘ٝع‬..........................................213
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حإلكخُش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬‫ِٜٓلش‬‫ػخٓش‬............................................214
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫طـَ٣ق‬‫حُو٠خس‬.......................................................................214

238. -349-
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬‫ػوي‬‫حُـِٔخص‬ٍٝ‫ٝٛي‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬............................................216
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫حُـِٔخص‬..........................................................................216
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;َ‫ٝٓخث‬‫حإلػزخص‬...............................................................216
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َ٤ٌ٘‫ط‬‫حُٜ٤جخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬...................................................218
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُوٞحػي‬‫حُؼخٓش‬ٕ‫ر٘ؤ‬َ٤ٓ‫حُـِٔش‬.........................................218
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حالٓظيػخء‬ٍٞ٠‫ٝك‬ٖ٤ٜٔ‫حُٔظ‬.............................................221
‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫حالٓظٔخع‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬ٝ‫حُوزَحء‬........................................225
‫حُلَع‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫حُٔطخُزش‬‫رخُلن‬٢ٗ‫حُٔي‬‫ٝآػخٍٛخ‬.........................................22:
‫حُلَع‬‫حُٔخرغ‬;‫اػخٍس‬‫حُ٠ٟٞخء‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـِٔش‬ٍ‫ٝحإلهال‬‫ر٘ظخٜٓخ‬........................232
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫ٝحُوَحٍحص‬َٓ‫ٝحألٝح‬‫ٝآػخٍٛخ‬.......................................233
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حُوٞحػي‬‫حُوخٛش‬‫رٔوظِق‬‫ىٍؿخص‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬......................................237
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫ٝحُٔوخُلخص‬...........................237
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫حُٔ٘ي‬١ٌ٤‫حُظ٘ل‬َٓ‫ٝحأل‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬٢‫ك‬‫حُٔوخُلخص‬..........................238
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َٓ‫حأل‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬٢‫ك‬‫حُـ٘ق‬..................................................239
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حٗؼوخى‬‫حُـِٔش‬ٍٝ‫ٝٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.............................................23:
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;َٝ‫حُظؼ‬......................................................................242
‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫حالٓظج٘خف‬..................................................................243
‫حُلَع‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫ؿَكش‬‫حالٓظج٘خكخص‬‫رخُٔلٌٔش‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬.................................248
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫حُٔوظٜش‬٢‫ك‬‫ه٠خ٣خ‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬.........................................249
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ٙ‫حهظٜخ‬‫حُٜ٤جش‬‫ٝطؤُ٤لٜخ‬..................................................249
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫ٍكغ‬‫حُو٠٤ش‬٠ُ‫ا‬‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬..........................................249
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُـِٔش‬ٍٝ‫ٝٛي‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.....................................................24:
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُـ٤خر٤ش‬............................................................255
‫حُلَع‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫حُٔلخًٔش‬َٖٓ‫أؿ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫حَُٔطزطش‬‫رخُـ٘خ٣خص‬......................258
‫حُلَع‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫حٓظج٘خف‬‫هَحٍحص‬‫ؿَف‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬......................................258
227
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫طٜٔ٤ي٣ش‬.......................................................................25:
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫ٛ٤جخص‬‫حُظلو٤ن‬‫ٝٛ٤جخص‬ٌْ‫حُل‬.....................................................261
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................261
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;٢ٟ‫هخ‬‫حألكيحع‬ٟ‫ُي‬ًْ‫حُٔلخ‬‫حالرظيحث٤ش‬.....................................263
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;ٍ‫حُٔٔظ٘خ‬‫حٌُِٔق‬‫رخألكيحع‬..................................................269
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫حُـَكش‬‫حُـ٘ل٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬ٟ‫ُي‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬‫حالٓظج٘خف‬.......................26:
‫حُزخد‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘ق‬‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬..........................................271
‫حُزخد‬‫حُٔخرغ‬;‫ؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫ُألكيحع‬‫ٝؿَكش‬‫حُـ٘خ٣خص‬‫حالٓظج٘خك٤ش‬‫ُألكيحع‬........271
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُلَ٣ش‬‫حُٔلَٝٓش‬..................................................................272
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حَُحرغ‬;َ٤٤‫طـ‬َ٤‫طيحر‬‫حَُٔحهزش‬‫ٝحُلٔخ٣ش‬‫ٝاػخىس‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬..................................274
ْٔ‫حُو‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬......................................................................275

239. -34:-
ْٔ‫حُو‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫كٔخ٣ش‬ٍ‫حأل١لخ‬‫ٟلخ٣خ‬‫ؿ٘خ٣خص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫ؿ٘ق‬........................................276
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُٔخرغ‬;‫كٔخ٣ش‬ٍ‫حأل١لخ‬ٖ٣‫حُٔٞؿٞى‬٢‫ك‬‫ٟٝؼ٤ش‬‫ٛؼزش‬.................................277
246
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ٞ‫حُ٘و‬................................................................................279
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................279
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫ُِٜٔلش‬‫حأل١َحف‬.............................................279
‫حُلَع‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;١َٝٗ‫١ِذ‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫حٌُِ٘٤ش‬١َُٝٗٝٚٞ‫هز‬ٍٙ‫ٝآػخ‬....................279
‫حُلَع‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫أٓزخد‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬................................................................284
‫حُلَع‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُظلو٤ن‬٢‫ك‬‫١ِزخص‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫ٝحُـِٔخص‬...................................284
‫حُلَع‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫هَحٍحص‬‫ٓلٌٔش‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬....................................................287
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫١ِزخص‬ٞ‫حُ٘و‬‫حَُٔكٞػش‬‫ُلخثيس‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.....................................289
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫اػخىس‬َ‫حُ٘ظ‬‫ٝطٜل٤ق‬‫حُوَحٍحص‬.................................................28:
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حَُٔحؿؼش‬............................................................................291
262
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;‫حُٔٔطَس‬‫حُوخٛش‬ٟٞ‫ريػ‬َ٣ِٝ‫ط‬‫حُٞػخثن‬.......................................295
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫اػخىس‬‫ٓخ‬‫طِق‬ٝ‫أ‬‫كوي‬ٖٓ‫ٝػخثن‬‫حإلؿَحءحص‬ٝ‫أ‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬..........297
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُظلون‬ٖٓ‫حُٜٞ٣ش‬...................................................................298
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حَُحرغ‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫هخٛش‬َ٣ٞٔ‫رظ‬‫حإلٍٛخد‬..................................................299
272
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُٔوٍَحص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬..........................................................2:2
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................2:2
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫ػوٞرش‬ّ‫حإلػيح‬.............................................................2:3
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬ٍ‫حالػظوخ‬٢١‫حالكظ٤خ‬‫ٝحُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔخُزش‬‫ُِلَ٣ش‬......................2:5
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;‫حإلكَحؽ‬‫حُٔو٤ي‬١َٝ٘‫ر‬.........................................................2:8
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;ٌ٤‫ط٘ل‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬‫حُٔخُ٤ش‬ٙ‫ٝحإلًَح‬٢ٗ‫حُزي‬....................................311
‫حُزخد‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;ّ‫طوخى‬‫حُؼوٞرخص‬................................................................315
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬.......................................................................316
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................316
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬2‫ٝٗظخثَٛخ‬......................................................317
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬3‫ٝحُزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬4..............................................31:
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;َ٣‫طؼي‬َ‫حُٔـ‬٢ُ‫حُؼي‬...........................................................322
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;ٍ‫حُظزخى‬٢ُٝ‫حُي‬‫ُِزطخثن‬ْ‫ٍه‬2..............................................323
‫حُزخد‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫هخٛش‬‫رزطخثن‬ٙ‫حألٗوخ‬‫حُٔؼ٘ٞ٣ش‬................................323
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬.........................................................................326
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................326

240. -351-
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬ٌْ‫رل‬ٕٞٗ‫حُوخ‬.....................................................326
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫ٍى‬ٍ‫حالػظزخ‬٢‫حُو٠خث‬..........................................................327
002
ْٔ‫حُو‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬..........................................................................331
ْٔ‫حُو‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;ٙ‫حالهظٜخ‬‫حُٔظؼِن‬ٞ‫رزؼ‬ْ‫حُـَحث‬‫حَُٔطٌزش‬‫هخٍؽ‬‫حٌُِٔٔش‬................332
ْٔ‫حُو‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حُؼالهخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬‫ٓغ‬‫حُِٔطخص‬‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬.......................................333
‫حُزخد‬ٍٝ‫حأل‬;ّ‫أكٌخ‬‫ػخٓش‬......................................................................333
‫حُزخد‬٢ٗ‫حُؼخ‬;‫حإلٗخرخص‬‫حُو٠خث٤ش‬...............................................................333
‫حُزخد‬‫حُؼخُغ‬;‫حالػظَحف‬ٞ‫رزؼ‬ّ‫حألكٌخ‬‫حُِؿَ٣ش‬‫حألؿ٘ز٤ش‬...............................334
‫حُزخد‬‫حَُحرغ‬;ْ٤ِٔ‫ط‬ٖ٤َٓ‫حُٔـ‬.................................................................334
‫حُزخد‬ْٓ‫حُوخ‬;‫حٓظيػخء‬‫حُٜ٘ٞى‬..............................................................342
‫حُزخد‬ّ‫حُٔخى‬;‫حٌُ٘خ٣ش‬‫حَُٓٔ٤ش‬..............................................................343
‫حُزخد‬‫حُٔخرغ‬;ْ٤ِٔ‫حُظ‬‫حَُٔحهذ‬.................................................................344
012
014