Antihistamines Chlorpheniramine (CPM)0.35 mg/kg/day PO tid-qid 4 mg/tab. , 2 mg/5 ml Diphenhydramine-HCL 5 mg/kg/day PO tid-qid (MAX. 300 mg/day) Benadryl cough syrup 12.5 mg/5 ml , 25 mg/cap Benadryl-decongestant มี pseudoephedrine 30 mg/5 ml
24.
Antihistamines Benadryl coughsyrup Per 5 mL : Diphenhydramine HCl 12.5 mg, ammon Cl 125 mg, Na citrate 50 mg, menthol 1 mg, alcohol 5%
25.
Long acting antihistaminesCeterizine 0.25 mg/kg/day PO OD-bid Age 2-6 yr : 2.5 mg bid or 5 mg OD Age > 6 yr : 5-10 mg OD Zyrtec 10 mg/tab , 5 mg/5 ml syrup SE : ปากแห้ง ง่วงนอน ปวดหัว
26.
Long acting antihistaminesLoratadine ให้ในเด็กอายุ > 2 ปี BW < 30 kg : 5 mg PO OD BW ≥ 30 kg : 10 mg PO OD Clarityne, lorsedin 10mg/tab, 5 mg/5 ml syrup SE : ง่วงนอน ปวดหัว Prolong QT ได้ถ้าให้ร่วมกับ erythromycin, keto/itraconazole
Mucolytics (ยาละลายเสมหะ ) Bromhexine Age < 2 yr : 1 mg , 2-5 yr : 2 mg Age 5-10 yr : 4 mg , > 10 yr : 8 mg Bisolvon 8 mg/tab
36.
Adrenergic receptor α receptors Vasoconstriction of arteries to heart ( coronary artery ) Vasoconstriction of veins Decrease motility of smooth muscle in gastrointestinal tract
37.
α1 receptor causes vasoconstriction in many blood vessels including those of the skin , gastrointestinal system , kidney ( renal artery ) and brain . Other areas of smooth muscle contraction are: ureter vas deferens hair ( erector pili muscles ) uterus (when pregnant) urethral sphincter bronchioles (although minor to the relaxing effect of β2 receptor on bronchioles) blood vessels of ciliary body (stimulation causes mydriasis)
38.
β receptors β1 receptor Increase cardiac output , by raising heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) and increasing impulse conduction and increasing contraction thus increasing the volume expelled with each beat ( increased ejection fraction ). Increase Renin secretion from JGcell of kidney.
39.
β receptors β2receptor Specific actions of the β2 receptor include the following: Smooth muscle relaxation, e.g. in bronchi . Lipolysis in adipose tissue . Anabolism in skeletal muscle Relax non-pregnant uterus Relax detrusor urinae muscle of bladder wall Dilate arteries to skeletal muscle Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis Contract sphincters of GI tract Thickened secretions from salivary glands . Inhibit histamine -release from mast cells Increase renin secretion from kidney
Non-selective sympathetic agonistAdrenaline (epinephrine) 1 mg/1ml/amp 0.01 ml/kg/dose (1:1,000 solution) IM or SC q 15-30 min in anaphylaxis (max. 0.3-0.5 mg) 0.1 ml/kg/dose (1:10,000 solution) IV in CPR q 3-5 min 0.05 ml/kg/dose or 0.25-0.5 ml (1:1,000 solution) NB q 30 min-2 hr in croup / postextubation stridor SE : tachycardia >>> arrythmia
42.
Bronchodilators Beta -2-agonist กระตุ้น beta 2 receptors Short acting : salbutamol,terbutaline Long acting : salmeterol
43.
Bronchodilators Salbutamol (albuterol)0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose PO tid-qid (max. 2mg/dose) Ventolin 2mg/tab, 2mg/5ml syrup 0.15 mg/kg/dose (max. 2.5 mg/dose) NB q 20 min* 3 doses then 1-6 hr 0.03-0.05 ml/kg/dose dilute with NSS to 3-4 ml NB q 20 min* 3 doses then 1-6 hr Salbutamol 2.5 mg/2.5 ml , salbutamol solution
Antiemetic drug Domperidone(motilium) 0.2-0.5mg/kg/dose PO tid-qid ac 5 mg/5 ml syr, 10 mg/tab SE : ง่วงซึม , เวียนศีรษะ , extrapyramidal symptom
49.
ยาถ่ายพยาธิ Mebendazole 2-5mg/kg/day PO bid (max. 100 mg/dose) * 3 days 100 mg/5 ml syrup, 100 mg/tab SE : เวียนศีรษะ , คลื่นไส้ , ผื่น
50.
ยาถ่ายพยาธิ Albendazole (zentel)Age 1-2 yr : 200 mg PO OD Age > 2 yr : 400 mg PO OD 100 mg/5 ml syrup, 200 mg/tab Round worm : 1 dose, Taenia & strongyloides : 3 days Giardiasis : 7-10 days SE : ปวดศีรษะ , ปวดท้อง , คลื่นไส้
51.
Antispasmodic drug Hyoscine(buscopan) Age < 1 yr : 2.5 mg/dose, 1-6 yr : 5-10 mg/dose Age > 6 yr : 10-20 mg/dose PO tid-qid 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/dose IV,IM q 6-8 hr 5mg/5ml syrup, 10 mg/tab, 20 mg/ml/amp SE : ปากแห้ง , ใจสั่น , ท้องผูก
ยาระบาย Magnesium hydroxideMilk of magnesium Age < 2 yr : 0.5 ml/kg/day, 2-5 yr : 5-15 ml/day Age 6-12 yr : 15-30 ml/day, > 12 yr : 30-60 ml/day PO OD-bid SE : ปวดท้อง , hypermagnesemia in renal failure
Oral antifungal 0.5%Gentian violet Apply lesion bid Nystatin 1 ml + water 2 ml PO tid – qid
61.
Topical antiparasite 12.5%benzyl benzoate Scabies : apply for 24 hr * 3 days then repeat 3 days later * 3 days Lice : apply hair for 8 hr then repeat 1 wk later
Aminopenicillin Amoxicillin 30-50 mg/kg/day PO bid-tid 250-500 mg/cap, 125,250 mg/5 ml Rx : URI, sinusitis, pneumonia, animal bite
66.
Antistaphylococcal penicillin Cloxacillin 50-200 mg/kg/day IV q 6 hr, PO qid ac 0.5, 1 g inj., 250,500 mg/cap, 125mg/5 ml syrup Dicloxacillin 25-50 mg/kg/day PO qid ac 250 mg/cap, 62.5 mg/5 ml syrup Rx : skin & soft tissue infection
67.
Macrolides Erythromycin 30-50 mg/kg/day PO tid-qid pc SE : N/V, diarrhea, abdominal cramping Roxithromycin (Rulid) 6-10 mg/kg/day PO bid Rx : URI,pneumonia/atypical pneumonia, enteric fever