Counterfeiting involves producing and selling fake goods, while piracy refers specifically to illegally reproducing and distributing copyrighted works like movies, music, and books without the permission of the copyright owner. Both counterfeiting and piracy involve the unauthorized copying and distribution of products, but they differ in that counterfeiting applies to physical goods while piracy applies to copyrighted creative works.
This document discusses different models for supervising the implementation of constitutions. It describes the model of the United States, where John Marshall established the Supreme Court's right to review the constitutionality of laws. It also outlines the model of Europe, proposed by Hans Kelsen, of having an independent constitutional court. Finally, it examines three theories that European constitutional courts are based on: natural rights theory, organic theory, and institutional theory.
This document discusses different forms and approaches to religious belief, including universalism, orthodoxy, fundamentalism, and systemization. It also covers approaches to other religions such as pluralism, syncretism, exclusivism, and inclusivism. Finally, it defines some common terms used to identify religious beliefs such as theist, atheist, monotheist, and polytheism.
The document summarizes a referendum held in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine on May 11, 2014 regarding more autonomy or possible annexation by Russia. Putin had urged separatists to delay the referendum due to fears it could increase violence, while the U.S. rejected the referendum as illegal. The organizers said the vote was on more autonomy, but leaving open the possibility of independence or annexation by Russia. Results of the referendum were viewed cautiously due to similarities to events in Crimea.
The 1992 Constitution of Mongolia was adopted after the Mongolian Democratic Revolution of 1990. The Constitution reflects principles of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. It establishes Mongolia as a sovereign, secular state where power resides with the people. The Constitution recognizes all forms of public and private property and allocates legislative, executive, and judicial powers. It also recognizes pluralism, international law, and establishes an independent Constitutional Court to oversee implementation of the Constitution.
The document summarizes the political crisis in Ukraine, resolutions from the UN general assembly, and positions taken by the US and other countries. The UN general assembly called on countries to respect Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. While Russia argued Crimea had a right to self-determination, other countries said Russia's annexation of Crimea violated international law and Ukraine's borders. The US imposed economic sanctions on Russia in response. Though some Russian markets initially stabilized, sanctions caused capital flight and uncertainty that further impacted the Russian economy.
The document compares how civil claims proceed in Mongolia and England & Wales. In Mongolia, a claim is started by issuing a claim form upon request. The claim form must include details of the plaintiff and defendant, basis of the claim, evidence, value, and documents. The defendant has 14 days to respond. Counterclaims are permitted. If the decision is not complied with voluntarily, it will be enforced according to law. In England & Wales, a claim form is issued by the court at the claimant's request. It must include case details and basis of the claim. The defendant has 14 days to acknowledge service. Counterclaims can be made with the defense or later with permission. If the defendant fails to pay, the
Ukrainian protesters have been seeking constitutional reforms that would weaken the president's powers in response to President Viktor Yanukovych's rejection of a trade deal with the European Union in favor of closer ties with Russia. The protests in Kiev have led to clashes with police, resulting in at least six deaths and over 1,000 injuries. The political opposition is led by Arseniy Yatsenyuk and is calling for constitutional changes to establish a parliamentary system and reduce the president's control over the government. The European Union is considering economic measures to support Ukraine's economy but wants the crisis to be resolved before providing assistance.
