Pathologie des et fondations liées aux sols pdfHani sami joga
Pathologie liées aux sols et fondations pdf
Télécharger ces cours intéressants sur la pathologie liées aux sols et désordres impactant les fondations génie civil en format pdf.
1- Pathologie liées aux sols :
Un tassement est une déformation verticale qui se produit lorsqu'on sollicite un sol par des surcharges. Cette déformation dépend de plusieurs paramètres, on peut citer :
• Les charges appliquées.
• La nature du sol.
• Les dimensions et la forme des fondations.
• Le temps.
• La nature des fondations et de la structure.
Si ces déformations sont uniformes, on ne devait pas avoir de désordre au niveau de la structure. Mais, ce sont les tassements différentiels qui causent les désordres.
2- Pathologie des fondations :
En général, les désordres dus à des problèmes de fondation entraînent des frais importants. Ils sont très variés et d’origines diverses. Leurs effets peuvent aller de la fissuration de la structure du bâtiment jusqu’à sa mise en péril, c’est à dire son abandon pur et simple, la construction devenant impropre à sa destination initiale.
design of piled raft foundations. مشاركة لبشة الأوتاد الخوازيق و التربة في ...Dr.youssef hamida
Of the most important paragraphs of design should study the effect of the Joint Working Group of the falling pile and fall of the soil and find a formula and factor common reaction one between sub grade reaction smart spring worker and worker response pile reaction called spring factor smart In the case of soil subsidence greater than the drop pile will move full load
piles and breaks down to piles or mat and vice versa
In the event of high rises and soil carried acceptable but not enough for the transplant can mat- piles
Regular spacing and share the soil with piles represent the programs work as usual spring network
And the introduction of sub grade reaction as factor in mat alone as well as the added factor reaction pile at each pile
But the application of this method takes the soil report by the impact of joint work between the soil decline and fall of the stake and the coefficient of reaction and give him carrying a load of soil and allowed the pile needs
Also must make sure that the applicable tag allows participation in this way the soil and pile in the joint
Assume springs for soil and piles
getting modulus of sub grad
This document provides details on the construction process of a mat foundation. It first defines a mat foundation as a continuous thick slab foundation that supports an entire structure. It then outlines reasons for using a mat foundation such as poor soil conditions or when the foundation area covers 50-60% of the total plot area. The document proceeds to describe each step of the construction process in detail, including centering and leveling, shoring, soil excavation, reinforcement placement, concreting, vibrating, and curing. Advantages include being economic and able to cope with mixed soil conditions, while disadvantages include needing shore protection and the potential for water seepage.
Pathologie des et fondations liées aux sols pdfHani sami joga
Pathologie liées aux sols et fondations pdf
Télécharger ces cours intéressants sur la pathologie liées aux sols et désordres impactant les fondations génie civil en format pdf.
1- Pathologie liées aux sols :
Un tassement est une déformation verticale qui se produit lorsqu'on sollicite un sol par des surcharges. Cette déformation dépend de plusieurs paramètres, on peut citer :
• Les charges appliquées.
• La nature du sol.
• Les dimensions et la forme des fondations.
• Le temps.
• La nature des fondations et de la structure.
Si ces déformations sont uniformes, on ne devait pas avoir de désordre au niveau de la structure. Mais, ce sont les tassements différentiels qui causent les désordres.
2- Pathologie des fondations :
En général, les désordres dus à des problèmes de fondation entraînent des frais importants. Ils sont très variés et d’origines diverses. Leurs effets peuvent aller de la fissuration de la structure du bâtiment jusqu’à sa mise en péril, c’est à dire son abandon pur et simple, la construction devenant impropre à sa destination initiale.
design of piled raft foundations. مشاركة لبشة الأوتاد الخوازيق و التربة في ...Dr.youssef hamida
Of the most important paragraphs of design should study the effect of the Joint Working Group of the falling pile and fall of the soil and find a formula and factor common reaction one between sub grade reaction smart spring worker and worker response pile reaction called spring factor smart In the case of soil subsidence greater than the drop pile will move full load
piles and breaks down to piles or mat and vice versa
In the event of high rises and soil carried acceptable but not enough for the transplant can mat- piles
Regular spacing and share the soil with piles represent the programs work as usual spring network
And the introduction of sub grade reaction as factor in mat alone as well as the added factor reaction pile at each pile
But the application of this method takes the soil report by the impact of joint work between the soil decline and fall of the stake and the coefficient of reaction and give him carrying a load of soil and allowed the pile needs
Also must make sure that the applicable tag allows participation in this way the soil and pile in the joint
Assume springs for soil and piles
getting modulus of sub grad
This document provides details on the construction process of a mat foundation. It first defines a mat foundation as a continuous thick slab foundation that supports an entire structure. It then outlines reasons for using a mat foundation such as poor soil conditions or when the foundation area covers 50-60% of the total plot area. The document proceeds to describe each step of the construction process in detail, including centering and leveling, shoring, soil excavation, reinforcement placement, concreting, vibrating, and curing. Advantages include being economic and able to cope with mixed soil conditions, while disadvantages include needing shore protection and the potential for water seepage.
Geotech. Engg. Ch#04 lateral earth pressureIrfan Malik
This document provides an overview of lateral earth pressure and retaining wall design. It defines key terms like coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K), which is the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress. Retaining wall types are described including gravity, cantilever, counterfort and sheet piles. The theories of Rankine and Coulomb for calculating earth pressures are summarized. Equations are provided for determining the active (Ka) and passive (Kp) earth pressure coefficients based on the soil friction angle. Typical K values are listed for different soil types.
This document discusses lateral earth pressure and its importance in designing retaining structures like retaining walls and sheet piles. It defines the coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K) as the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress. There are three states of lateral earth pressure: earth pressure at rest (Ko), active earth pressure (Ka), and passive earth pressure (Kp). Formulas are provided for calculating Ko, Ka, and Kp based on the soil's friction angle. As a wall moves away from the soil, active pressure develops until reaching a minimum; as it moves into the soil, passive pressure increases up to a maximum. Proper estimation of these pressures is important for structural design.
The document contains slides from a course on masonry structures. It discusses the lateral strength and behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) shear walls. It covers design criteria for URM shear walls including allowable flexural and shear stresses. An example problem is presented to calculate the maximum base shear capacity of a URM shear wall according to codes.
國立中央大學客家學院
客家研究的回顧與展望
作者:王東
王東,1963年生,安徽人,北京中國上海華東師範大學歷史學博士,現為上海華東師範大學歷史學系教授,研究方向為史學理論與史學史、中國區域文化史、客家研究。著有:《客家學導論》(上海人民出版社,1996年;台北南天書局,1998年)、《社會結構與客家人教育》(湖南教育出版社,2003年)、《那方山水那方人:客家源流新說》(上海華東師範大學出版社,2007年)。在《歷史研究》、《中國社會科學》、“Social Sciences in China ”、《史學理論研究》等北京中國國內外學術其期刊上,發表學術論文、譯文、書評等百餘篇。
Geotech. Engg. Ch#04 lateral earth pressureIrfan Malik
This document provides an overview of lateral earth pressure and retaining wall design. It defines key terms like coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K), which is the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress. Retaining wall types are described including gravity, cantilever, counterfort and sheet piles. The theories of Rankine and Coulomb for calculating earth pressures are summarized. Equations are provided for determining the active (Ka) and passive (Kp) earth pressure coefficients based on the soil friction angle. Typical K values are listed for different soil types.
This document discusses lateral earth pressure and its importance in designing retaining structures like retaining walls and sheet piles. It defines the coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K) as the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress. There are three states of lateral earth pressure: earth pressure at rest (Ko), active earth pressure (Ka), and passive earth pressure (Kp). Formulas are provided for calculating Ko, Ka, and Kp based on the soil's friction angle. As a wall moves away from the soil, active pressure develops until reaching a minimum; as it moves into the soil, passive pressure increases up to a maximum. Proper estimation of these pressures is important for structural design.
The document contains slides from a course on masonry structures. It discusses the lateral strength and behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) shear walls. It covers design criteria for URM shear walls including allowable flexural and shear stresses. An example problem is presented to calculate the maximum base shear capacity of a URM shear wall according to codes.
國立中央大學客家學院
客家研究的回顧與展望
作者:王東
王東,1963年生,安徽人,北京中國上海華東師範大學歷史學博士,現為上海華東師範大學歷史學系教授,研究方向為史學理論與史學史、中國區域文化史、客家研究。著有:《客家學導論》(上海人民出版社,1996年;台北南天書局,1998年)、《社會結構與客家人教育》(湖南教育出版社,2003年)、《那方山水那方人:客家源流新說》(上海華東師範大學出版社,2007年)。在《歷史研究》、《中國社會科學》、“Social Sciences in China ”、《史學理論研究》等北京中國國內外學術其期刊上,發表學術論文、譯文、書評等百餘篇。
The document is a report on expat life from a survey of over 21,000 expats globally. Some key findings from the report include:
- Singapore ranks first overall as the best place for expats to live and work, providing career opportunities and a stable economy. Expats there report an improved quality of life.
- Expats move abroad more for improved quality of life and new challenges rather than just higher salaries. Career progression, learning new skills, and integrating into new cultures are priorities.
- New Zealand ranks first for overall expat experience. Expats there enjoy an improved quality of life and increased physical activity due to the outdoor lifestyle.
- Sweden ranks first for family life, with high quality
1. 此篇文章僅提供 2006 年台灣社
會學會年會會議使用,若需引用
請徵得作者的同意。
「代工」困境:台灣產業轉型的迷思
徐秀琴
東海大學社會學博士生
tearylu@yahoo.com.tw
劉維新
東海大學通識教育中心兼任副教育
whliu@fcu.edu.tw
We live in an age of outsourcing. Firms seems to be subcontracting an ever expanding set of activities, ranging
from product design to assembly, from research and development to marketing, distribution and after-service.
--Bardi & Tracey,1991:1
一、 問題的緣由與重要性
戰後台灣工業化的重要特色是由進口替代轉向出口導向的經濟活動,並在全
球商品鏈的「製造加工」環節扮演舉足輕重的角色。若把眼光從企業層次轉移到
產業與經濟體層次,可以看到台灣自戰後的經濟成長一路走來,產業結構持續變
遷,領導性產業不斷更替,代工模式的重要性則始終如一。
(瞿宛文,2006:24)
90 年代之後,台灣經濟飛躍式的成長不復可見 1。高科技的專業代工雖然為
台灣建立起「代工王國」的美名,卻因代工毛利逐漸遭到壓縮,也就是出現「微
利化」現象,而產生所謂的「代工困境」2。
「微笑曲線」讓愈來愈多的人相信,
台灣在高科技產業的國際分工體系中,因為從事製造加工的代工角色,資本建置
龐大但附加價值卻最低。尤其,在市場成熟的情況下,面對研發(被提高授權費
用或提高關鍵零組件價格)及市場(被壓低代工價格)兩端力量的擠壓,便出現「代
工困境」。
嚴格來講,「代工困境」是在 2000 年之後才逐漸被問題化與普遍化 3 。其中
最主要的原因是資訊電子產業的產值與獲利(財務利潤)出現背離。以近年最常
1
台灣最後一次出現兩位數的經濟成長率是 1987 年(12.7%)。此後即以 8%、7%、6%、5%的腳
步往下滑落。2001 年創下五十多年來首見負成長 。近年的經濟成長率則在 5%、4%左右。
(2.2%)
2
「代工困境」 這個概念在報章或者智庫舉辦的研討會時有所聞(如台灣智庫 2005 年舉辦的 「中
台灣科技與傳統產業整合升級」,社會學的產業研究文獻中,除了瞿宛文(2003)稍微觸及「微利
)
化」以及「代工或品牌」的產業升級問題,尚無人討論這個議題。 「微利化」的分析則有(陳信宏、
劉孟俊,,2005)、(范航秉,2006),見下文「四、代工=微利?」分析。
3
這是作者以「代工」與「微利化」做為關鍵字,瀏覽剪報系統而得到的初步結論,與學者對於
微利化趨勢的統計分析,時間點十分符合。
1
30. 面對經濟全球化,台灣本土的確需要另一波的產業轉型。尤其,中國在製造
以及消費能力的崛起,正發揮極大的磁吸效應,改變全球生產網絡以及亞洲區域
經濟的地景與風貌。台灣在區域經濟的分工架構中可能扮演什麼樣的角色?著實
考驗著產、官、學的智慧。
參考文獻
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31