1. °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡
BUSINESS ETHICS LEARNING THROUGH MAKING
SOCIAL PROJECTS
Õ“®“√¬å “π‘μ¬å ÀπŸπ‘≈*
Sanit Noonin
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
°“√»÷ ° …“„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡ÿà ß ‡πâ π „Àâ ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π‡ªì π development of knowledge, ethics and other
§π‡°àß §π¥’·≈–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ °“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ„π skills. Business ethics is a subject that is not
∑ÿ°√“¬«‘™“®÷ß¡ÿàß∑’Ëæ—≤π“ºŸâ‡√’¬π∑—Èߥâ“𧫓¡√Ÿâ·≈– focused only on education but also to develop
§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–∑—°…–Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ «‘™“ the student on the other side. The learning of
®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®‡ªìπÕ’°«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â¡ÿà߇πâπ business ethics through making social projects
‡©æ“–§«“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π«‘™“°“√ ·μଗßμâÕß°“√æ—≤π“ which emphasis on the concept of giving
ºŸâ‡√’¬π„π¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¥â«¬ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡ priority to the social and environmental make
∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß the students gain knowledge, attract the
°— ∫ ·π«§‘ ¥ °“√„Àâ § «“¡ ”§— ≠ °— ∫ — ß §¡·≈– attention of students, modify their attitudes to
‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π‰¥â √— ∫ §«“¡√Ÿâ themselves and others and increase
“¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π ‡°‘¥°“√ª√—∫ motivation. The project can also enhance the
‡ª≈’ˬπ∑—»π§μ‘∑’Ë¡’μàÕμπ‡Õß·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ‡æ‘Ë¡·√ß®Ÿß„® teamwork, communication, task delegation,
πÕ°®“°π—È π ¬— ߉¥â æ— ≤ π“∑— ° …–¥â “ πÕ◊Ë π Ê Õ“∑‘ planning, leadership, interpersonal, relation-
°“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ °“√·∫àßß“π°—π∑” ships, conflict management and others. This
°“√«“ß·ºπ ¿“«–ºŸπ” §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈
â way of learning is consistent with the current
°“√®—¥°“√§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ «‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ approach of education that focuses on student
¥—ß°≈à“« Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„π centered.
ªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß Keywords: business ethics learning, social
§” ”§—≠: °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®, ‚§√ß°“√ project.
‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡
∫∑π”
ABSTRACT ∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§◊Õ°“√æ—≤π“
At the present, the education focuses §π„Àâ ‡ ªì π §π‡°à ß §π¥’ · ≈–¡’ § «“¡ ÿ ¢ ¥— ß ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â
on the expert, good person and happ- °”Àπ¥‰«â „ πæ√–√“™∫— ≠ ≠— μ‘ ° “√»÷ ° …“·Àà ß ™“μ‘
iness. Learning in all subjects aim at the æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2542 °”Àπ¥„Àâ®—¥°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’®ÿ¥
* Õ“®“√¬åª√–®” ”π—°«‘™“∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘® §≥–Õÿμ “À°√√¡∫√‘°“√ «‘∑¬“≈—¬¥ÿ μ∏“π’
‘
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 61

2. ¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬·≈–¡’À≈—°°“√„πÀ¡«¥ 2 ¡“μ√“ 6 «à“ μà Õ ºŸâ ∫ √‘ ‚ ¿§ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡„π«‘ ™ “™’ æ
ç°“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“μâ Õ ß‡ªì π‰ª‡æ◊Ë Õ æ— ≤ π“§π‰∑¬ °“√æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡„πÕߧå°√·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®
„À⇪ìπ¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑—Èß√à“ß°“¬ ®‘μ„® 쑪í≠≠“ À≈—°∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈‰¥â («‘∑¬“≈—¬¥ÿ ‘μ∏“π’, 2554)
§«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡„π ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–‰¥â𔧫“¡√Ÿâ‰ªª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â„π°“√ª√–°Õ∫
°“√¥”√ß™’«‘μ “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ‰¥â Õ ¬à “ ß¡’ Õ“™’ 扥âÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ √«¡∑—Èß “¡“√∂𔉪
§«“¡ ÿ ¢ é ‚¥¬¬÷ ¥ °“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“„Àâ ‡ ªì π §π¥’ ‡ªì π À≈— ° „π°“√¥”‡π‘ π ™’ «‘ μ „Àâ Õ ¬Ÿà „ π·π«∑“ß∑’Ë
¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ „πÀ¡«¥ 4 ¡“μ√“ 23 ´÷Ë߇πâπ ∂Ÿ°μâÕߥ’ß“¡
§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ∑—È ß §«“¡√Ÿâ §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡ °√–∫«π°“√ Õ ¬à “ ߉√°Á μ “¡°“√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ«‘ ™ “
‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ · ≈–∫Ÿ √ ≥“°“√μ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢Õß ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® „πÕ¥’ μ ·≈–ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡— ° æ∫
ºŸâ‡√’¬π„π·μà≈–√–¥—∫ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“ ªí≠À“„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß«‘∏’°“√ Õπ∑’Ë¢“¥§«“¡πà“ π„®
„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¬— ß ¡ÿà ß æ— ≤ π“ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π„Àâ ‡ ªì π ‰ªμ“¡ ‰¡à “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‰¥â àߺ≈μàÕ
°√Õ∫¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“·Ààß™“μ‘ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
(Thailand Quality Framework in Higher ºŸâ Õπ®÷ß欓¬“¡æ—≤π“√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ
Education: TQF) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 1) §ÿ≥∏√√¡ «‘ ™ “®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ “¡“√∂¥÷ ß ¥Ÿ ¥
®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡ 2) §«“¡√Ÿâ 3) ∑— ° …–∑“ߪí ≠ ≠“ §«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π·≈–‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ° “√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ‡ °‘ ¥
4) ∑—°…–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈·≈–§«“¡ ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ·≈– 5) ∑—°…–°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåμ—«‡≈¢ ∑”‚§√ß°“√ (project based learning: PBL)
°“√ ◊Õ “√ ·≈–°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑» ”À√—∫
Ë ‡ªì π «‘ ∏’ ° “√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ Õ’ ° «‘ ∏’ À π÷Ë ß ∑’Ë “¡“√∂π”¡“
“¢“∑’ˇπâπ∑—°…–°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘μâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡¡“μ√∞“π°“√ ª√–¬ÿ ° μå „ ™â „ π°“√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ«‘ ™ “®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡
‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¥â“π∑—°…–æ‘ —¬Õ’°¥â“π ∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√®–‡ªìπ‰ª
¥— ß π—È π °“√®— ¥ °“√»÷ ° …“„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ®÷ ߉¡à μ“¡§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë
¡ÿà߇πâπ‡æ’¬ß·§à§«“¡√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·μàμâÕß„Àâ ¥’ ® –°√–μÿâ π „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√§â π §«â “ Õ¬à “ ß°√–μ◊ Õ √◊ Õ √â π
§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫Õߧåª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¥â«¬‚¥¬‡©æ“– ·≈–„™â∑—°…–¢Õß°“√§‘¥¢—Èπ Ÿß ‚∑¡— (Thomas,
¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°“√®—¥°“√ 1998) ¡’º≈ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë√Õß√—∫«à“°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√
‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ„π∑ÿ°√“¬«‘™“μâÕß¡’°“√ Õ¥·∑√° ∑”‚§√ß°“√∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π¡’ à«π√à«¡ ≈¥°“√¢“¥‡√’¬π
À≈—°§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡‡¢â“‰ª„π√“¬«‘™“ √«¡∑—Èß ‡æ‘Ë¡∑—°…–„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫√à«¡¡◊Õ ·≈–™à«¬¬°
°“√‡ªî ¥ Õπ„π√“¬«‘ ™ “¥â “ π§ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡ √–¥—∫º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑“ß°“√‡√’¬π‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬ (George
√«¡∑—Èß«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® (business ethics) Lucas Educational Foundation, 2012)
Õ“®¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª„π·μà≈– ∂“∫—π
°“√»÷°…“ ‡™àπ ®√√¬“∫√√≥∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® §«“¡√—∫ ·π«§‘¥ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ºà“π°“√∑”
º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡¢Õß∏ÿ√°‘® ‡ªìπμâπ ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥„Àâ ‚§√ß°“√
‡ªìπ«‘™“∫—ߧ—∫„πÀ≈—° Ÿμ√∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘®¢Õß ∂“∫—π °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ (project
°“√»÷ ° …“∑—È ß „π·≈–μà “ ߪ√–‡∑» ‡π◊È Õ À“¢Õß based learning: PBL) ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
√“¬«‘ ™ “¡’ «— μ ∂ÿ ª √– ß§å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π¡’ § «“¡√Ÿâ √Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠ (student cen-
æ◊Èπ∞“π∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·π«§‘¥°—∫æƒμ‘°√√¡¡πÿ…¬å tered) ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫ Active Learning
§à “ π‘ ¬ ¡¢Õß — ß §¡∑’Ë ¡’ º ≈μà Õ ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® §◊ Õ °√–∫«π°“√®— ¥ °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ∑’Ë ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π‰¥â ≈ ß¡◊ Õ
À≈— ° ª√— ™ ≠“∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡·≈–§«“¡ °√–∑”·≈–‰¥â„™â°√–∫«π°“√§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ¢“‰¥â
√— ∫ º‘ ¥ ™Õ∫μà Õ — ß §¡ ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡¢Õß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ∑’Ë ¡’ °√–∑”≈߉ª (Bonwell & Eison, 1991) ‡ªìπ°“√
62 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’

3. ®— ¥ °‘ ® °√√¡°“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ¿ “¬„μâ ¡¡μ‘ ∞ “πæ◊È π ∞“π ¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π°≈ÿࡥ⫬«‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫μ‘®√‘ß ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
—
2 ª√–°“√§◊Õ 1) °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡‚¥¬ «‘∏’°“√·°âªí≠À“ π”¡“ Ÿà§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§‘¥
∏√√¡™“μ‘ ¢ Õß¡πÿ … ¬å ·≈– 2) ·μà ≈ –∫ÿ § §≈¡’ «‘ ‡ §√“–Àå · «ßÀ“¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ·≈–·π«∑“ß„π°“√·°â
·π«∑“ß„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—π (Meyers & ªí ≠ À“‡À≈à “ π—È π ¢ÕߺŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ‚ ¥¬„™â
Jones, 2012) Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√ ‚§√ß°“√‡ªìπ°“√‡ √‘¡ √â“ß»—°¬¿“æ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¢Õß
»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠
— ·μà≈–§π„À≥â√—∫°“√æ—≤𓉥â‡μÁ¡¢’¥§«“¡ “¡“√∂
∑’Ë¡’Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß ∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π‡°‘¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¥â«¬
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√ μπ‡Õß ‰¥â‡√’¬π«‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ “¡“√∂ √â“ßÕߧå
«√“¿√≥å μ√–°Ÿ≈ ƒ…¥‘Ï (2555) √ÿª§«“¡ §«“¡√Ÿ‰¥â¥«¬μπ‡Õß √«¡∑—ߪ≈Ÿ°Ωíßπ‘ ¬√—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
â â È —
À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ßß“π (‚§√ß°“√) «à“ Õ—π®–𔉪 Ÿ°“√‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈·Ààß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ‰¥â„π∑’ ¥
à â Ë ÿ
§◊Õ°“√®—¥„Àâπ°»÷°…“√«¡°≈ÿ¡°—π∑”°‘®°√√¡√à«¡°—π
— à °“√∑’Ë ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬π‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√∑”„Àâ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
‚¥¬¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ¡ÿà ß À¡“¬„π°“√»÷ ° …“À“§«“¡√Ÿâ À √◊ Õ ∑” §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߧ«“¡§‘¥°—∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ´÷Ëß®–
°‘®°√√¡„¥°‘®°√√¡Àπ÷ßμ“¡§«“¡ π„®¢Õßπ—°»÷°…“
Ë ∂Ÿ ° ‡™◊Ë Õ ¡‚¬ß‡¢â “ ‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡¥’ ¬ «°— π „π≈— ° …≥–¢Õß
Grossman (2007) Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å·≈–°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß Õ—π®– “¡“√∂π”
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√«à“ §◊Õ°≈¬ÿ∑∏å„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‰ª„™â„π ∂“π°“√≥åÕπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬ “¡“√∂
◊Ë
∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— ° …≥–‡ªì 𠇙‘ ß √ÿ ° ∑’Ë „ Àâ ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π¡’ à « π√à « ¡„π ∫Ÿ√≥“°“√§«“¡√Ÿâ¡“™à«¬°—π∑”‚§√ß°“√ √Ÿâ®—°°“√
°“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ «‘ ™ “°“√ ·≈–∑— ° …–Õ◊Ë π Ê ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ √Ÿâ®—°°“√À“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡√Ÿâμà“ßÊ
∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√·°âªí≠À“ ·≈–º≈≈—æ∏å ¥â«¬μπ‡Õß Ωñ°∑—°…–°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ √Ÿâ®—°°“√§‘¥ ·°â‰¢
BIE (2012) Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√ ªí≠À“ («√“¿√≥å μ√–°Ÿ≈ ƒ…¥‘,Ï 2555) πÕ°®“°π—π È
‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ºà “ π‚§√ß°“√«à“ ‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ºà “ π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π‡°‘ ¥
“¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡æ‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ §«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’Ë≈÷°´÷Èß„π·π«§‘¥·≈–¡“μ√∞“π∑’ˇªìπ
·°âªí≠À“∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπÀ√◊Õ∑â“∑“¬ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á À—«„®¢Õß‚§√ß°“√ ™à«¬‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ ¥â“πÕ“™’æ ‰¥â¡’
‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „ÀâºâŸ‡√’¬π‰¥â· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ ‰¥â¡’°“√ °“√μ‘¥μàÕ°—∫ºŸâ∑’Ë„À⧔ª√÷°…“‚§√ß°“√ ‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
«“ß·ºπ °“√®—¥°“√ ·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ™à«¬„À⺟â‡√’¬π °“√„™â√–∫∫ “√ π‡∑» ¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â𔇠πÕº≈ß“π
‡°‘¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ”§—≠ „Àâ°—∫Õ“®“√¬å·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπÊ √à«¡™—Èπ‡√’¬π πÕ°®“π—Èπ
¥—ßπ—Èπ √ÿª§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“𠂧√ß°“√¬— ß “¡“√∂ √â “ ß·√ß®Ÿ ß „®ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π∑’Ë
‚§√ß°“√‰¥â«à“ §◊Õ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π¡’ à«π ”§—≠ ‡∫◊ËÕÀπà“¬·≈–‰¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π‰¥â
„π°“√√à«¡°—𫑇§√“–Àå «“ß·ºπ ·≈–·°âªí≠À“ (BIE, 2012) ¡’ºŸâ‡√’¬π®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë≈“ÕÕ°„π
ºà“π°‘®°√√¡μà“ß Ê ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π π„® √–À«à “ ߇√’ ¬ π‡¡◊Ë Õ æ∫«à “ À≈— ° Ÿ μ √∑’Ë ‡ √’ ¬ ππ—È π‰¡à
Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§«“¡ π„® °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”
ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√ ‚§√ß°“√ “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß√–À«à“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ∑’ˇªìπ
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫π’È¡ÿàßμÕ∫ πÕߧ«“¡ π„® «‘™“°“√„À⇢⓰—∫Õ“™’æ„πÕπ“§μ‰¥â (‰¡à‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß
§«“¡°√–μ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ·≈–§«“¡„Ωɇ√’¬π√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π ·§à ∑ ƒ…Æ’ ) πÕ°®“°π—È π °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ ºà “ π°“√∑”
°“√· «ßÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡√Ÿâμà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”‚§√ß°“√ ‚§√ß°“√¬—ß¡’ª√–‚¬™πå∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬∑—ÈßμàÕºŸâ‡√’¬π
√à«¡°—π„Àâª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®μ“¡®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß ·≈–ºŸ Õπ Õ“∑‘ ™à«¬ √â“ßÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿ®“°°“√§âπ§«â“
â â
‚§√ß°“√ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬„™â‚§√ß°“√‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß ‡æ‘Ë¡Õ—μ√“°“√‡¢â“‡√’¬π ‡ √‘¡ √â“ߧ«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„π
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (project centered learning) ¡’°“√∑” μπ‡Õß„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ∑”‚§√ß°“√ æ—≤π“∑—»π§μ‘‡™‘ß∫«°
°‘®°√√¡√à«¡°—π ™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ°—π„π°“√·°âªí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥ μàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ∑”„Àâº≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑“ß°“√‡√’¬π Ÿß°«à“
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 63

4. °“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫Õ◊ËπÀ“°ºŸâ‡√’¬π¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥ ∑—Èߥâ“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õߧå°√¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™πÀ≈“¬
™Õ∫„π‚§√ß°“√ ‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ ¡’ ° “√·°â ªí ≠ À“∑’Ë ·Àà߉¥â‡≈Á߇ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√
´—∫´âÕπ„Àâ‚Õ°“ ∑’‡ªî¥°«â“ßμàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ„π™—π‡√’¬π
Ë â È ‡æ◊Ë Õ — ß §¡¢Õßπ— ° »÷ ° …“ ‚¥¬ à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ºà “ π°“√
™à « ¬°√–μÿâ π °“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ °“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ “¡“√∂ ª√–°«¥‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ ‡™àπ 炧√ß°“√°√ÿ߉∑¬
‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ß„π μâ π °≈â “ ’ ¢ “«é ®— ¥‚¥¬∏𓧓√°√ÿ ߉∑¬ ¡’ «— μ ∂ÿ
™’«‘μª√–®”«—π √«¡∑—Èß¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ —ߧ¡ ª√– ß§å‡ æ◊Ë Õ ª≈Ÿ ° Ωí ß §«“¡√Ÿâ § «“¡‡¢â “ „®·π«§‘ ¥
·≈– ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ÕππÕ°®“°®– ‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬߷≈–®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® „À⇪ìπ
‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“¥â“π«‘™“™’æ·≈â« ¬—ߙ૬‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ ·π«∑“ß„π°“√∫√‘ À “√®— ¥ °“√Õß§å ° √·≈–¥”‡π‘ π
„π°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’°—∫ºŸâ‡√’¬π‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬ ∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈– —߇§√“–Àå
(BIE, 2012; Grossman, 2007; Thomas, 2000) §«“¡√Ÿâ „ Àâ°— ∫ π‘ ‘ μ π—°»÷°…“√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“μ√’∑—Ë«
ª√–‡∑» √«¡∑—È߇æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„Àâ°—∫
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑” §≥“®“√¬å ∑—Ë « ª√–‡∑»‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ
‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ ¥â “ π°“√¥”‡π‘ π ∏ÿ √ °‘ ® Õ¬à “ ß¡’ ® √‘ ¬ ∏√√¡¿“¬„μâ
ªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ∂“∫— π °“√»÷ ° …“À≈“¬·Àà ߉¥â π” ª√—™≠“‡»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß ´÷Ëß®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ
‚§√ß°“√¡“‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ ¢¬“¬‰ª Ÿàπ‘ ‘μ π—°»÷°…“μàÕ‰ª πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ß¡’
√«¡∑—Èß„π√“¬«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® (business 炧√ß°“√°≈â“„À¡à √â“ß √√§å™ÿ¡™πé (community
ethics) °Á‰¥â®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ ‚¥¬ project) ®— ¥ ‚¥¬∏𓧓√‰∑¬æ“≥‘ ™ ¬å ®”°— ¥
‡©æ“–‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊Ë Õ — ß §¡ (social project) (¡À“™π) ¡’ «— μ ∂ÿ ª √– ß§å „ Àâ π— ° »÷ ° …“„π√–¥— ∫
Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°√–· °“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ —ߧ¡ Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“𔇠πÕ·ºπ‚§√ß°“√·≈–≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫μ®√‘ß — ‘
·≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡„πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ´÷Ë ß Õß§å ° √¿“§√— ∞ ‚¥¬¡ÿà߇πâπ°“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ™ÿ¡™π„Àâ¡’°“√æ—≤π“·≈–
¿“§‡Õ°™π √«¡∑—ÈßÕߧå°√‰¡à· «ßÀ“°”‰√μà“ßÊ ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¥’¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π °“√‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ
(NGOs) ‰¥âÕÕ°¡“√≥√ߧå„Àâ¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√ π— ° »÷ ° …“®— ¥ ∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊Ë Õ — ß §¡¥— ß °≈à “ «∂◊ Õ «à “
‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡À√◊Õ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π™◊ËÕ ç‚§√ß°“√§«“¡√—∫ ‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√
º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡¢ÕßÕߧå°√é (corporate social ‡√’ ¬ π°“√ Õπ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ºà “ π°“√∑”
responsibility: CSR) Õ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß √«¡∑—Èß„π ‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡
∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“‡Õß°Á¡’§«“¡μ◊Ëπμ—«„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√ μ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß —ߧ¡·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ √«¡∑—Èß
¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ ·μàÕ“®¡’™◊ËÕ ‡ªì π °“√ √â “ ß®‘ μ ”π÷ ° “∏“√≥–„Àâ °— ∫ ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬ π
‡√’¬°∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª ‡™à𠂧√ß°“√®‘μÕ“ “ °“√¥”‡π‘ π‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊Ë Õ — ß §¡¡’ · π«∑“ß„π°“√
‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ À√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ¥”‡π‘πß“π∑’˧≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√Õ◊ËπÊ
μàÕ —ߧ¡¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ (university social √ÿª¢—ÈπμÕπ∑’Ë ”§—≠‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È
responsibility: USR) ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧåÀ≈—°¢Õß ¢—È π μ√’ ¬ ¡‚§√ß°“√ °“√¥”‡π‘ π ß“πμ“¡
°“√„À⺟â‡√’¬π∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡π—Èπ ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·§à ¢—ÈπμÕππ’ȇªìπ°“√§‘¥À“À—«¢âÕ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë®–∑”‚§√ß°“√
μâÕß°“√„À⺟â‡√’¬π𔧫“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π∑ƒ…Æ’∑’ˉ¥â‡√’¬π‰ª ‚¥¬ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®–π”¡“°”À𥇪ìπÀ—«¢âÕ‡√◊ËÕß‚§√ß°“√
Ωñ°ªØ‘∫—μ‘®√‘߇∑à“π—Èπ ·μଗߧ“¥À«—ß∑’Ë®–æ—≤π“ ®–‰¥â¡“®“°ªí≠À“ §«“¡Õ¬“°√ŸâÕ¬“°‡ÀÁπ À√◊Õ
»—°¬¿“溟â‡√’¬π„π¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√ §«“¡ π„®„πª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“μà“ßÊ ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‡Õß
æ—≤π“„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡°√Õ∫¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘√–¥—∫ ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈®“°°“√∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π‰¥â®“°°“√Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ
Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“·Ààß™“μ‘ ‚¥¬‡πâπ¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ‡Õ° “√ ∫∑§«“¡ øíß°“√∫√√¬“¬ °“√ π∑π“ À√◊Õ
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈ §«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ √«¡ °“√μ‘¥μ“¡¢à“« “√ À—«‡√◊ËÕߢÕß‚§√ß°“√μâÕ߇ªìπ
64 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’

5. ‡√◊Õß∑’‡©æ“–‡®“–®ß·≈–™—¥‡®π«à“‚§√ß°“√π’∑”Õ–‰√
Ë Ë È ¢—Èπ √ÿª Õ¿‘ª√“¬ ·≈–𔇠πÕº≈‚§√ß°“√
§«√‡πâπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈âμ—« ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπ—°»÷°…“¡’ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—ÈπμÕππ’ȇªìπ°“√ √ÿª√“¬ß“π
§«“¡ π„®Õ¬“°®–∑” ”À√—∫‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊Õ —ߧ¡π—π Ë È º≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚§√ß°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕ◊Ëπ‰¥â∑√“∫∂÷ß
°“√»÷ ° …“∂÷ ß ¿“æªí ≠ À“¢Õß — ß §¡À√◊ Õ §«“¡ ·π«§‘¥ «‘∏’¥”‡π‘πß“π º≈∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ μ≈Õ¥®π¢âÕ √ÿª
μâ Õ ß°“√¢Õß°≈ÿà ¡ ‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬∂◊ Õ ‡ªì π ‡√◊Ë Õ ß∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–μà“ßÊ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚§√ß°“√ ‚¥¬„™â
”§—≠‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß „π¢—Èπ°“√‡μ√’¬¡°“√π—°»÷°…“ ¿“…“∑’ˇ¢â“„®ßà“¬ °√–™—∫ ™—¥‡®π ·≈–§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡
®–μâÕß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√»÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈μà“ßÊ æÕ ¡§«√ ª√–‡¥Á 𠔧— ≠ ¢Õß‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ª Ø‘ ∫— μ‘ ‰ ª·≈â «
°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—ÈπμÕππ’È®–∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ´÷Ë ß º≈ √ÿ ª ®“°°“√¥”‡π‘ π‚§√ß°“√Õ“®¡’≈—°…≥–
§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥μà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕ߇æ‘Ë¡ ‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√À√◊Õ√“¬ß“π „π°“√· ¥ßº≈‚§√ß°“√
¡“°¢÷Èπ √«¡∑—Èß∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߢÕ∫¢à“¬¢Õß¿“√–ß“π “¡“√∂®—¥‰¥âÀ≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ‡™àπ °“√®—¥π‘∑√√»°“√
∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë®–∑” º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ ∑”‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå °“√®—¥∑”‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ¡—≈μ‘¡’‡¥’¬
¥”‡π‘πß“π¢—ÈπμÕππ’È®–™à«¬∑”„À≥â·π«§‘¥„π°“√ ·≈–Õ“®π”‡ πÕ„π√Ÿ ª ·∫∫Õ◊Ë π Ê («√“¿√≥å
°”Àπ¥¢Õ∫¢à“¬À√◊Õ‡§â“‚§√ߢÕ߇√◊ËÕß∑’Ë®–»÷°…“ μ√–°Ÿ≈ ƒ…¥‘Ï, 2555)
Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π«à“ ®–∑”Õ–‰√ ∑”‰¡μâÕß∑” μâÕß°“√ º≈®“°°“√‡√’ ¬ π√Ÿâ «‘ ™ “®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ®
„À⇰‘¥Õ–‰√ ∑”Õ¬à“߉√ „™â∑√—欓°√Õ–‰√ ∑”°—∫„§√ ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ πÕ°®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π
®–‡ πÕº≈Õ¬à“߉√ ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®∑’ˉ¥â√—∫·≈â« ¬—ß “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥
‡¢â“„®„π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√„Àâ¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷È𠧫“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π ∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π‡°‘¥°“√ª√—∫
¢—È𥔇π‘π‚§√ß°“√ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—È𠇪≈’ˬπ∑—»π§μ‘∑’Ë¡’μàÕμπ‡Õß·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ‡æ‘Ë¡·√ß®Ÿß„®
μÕππ’ȇªìπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πÀ≈—ß®“°∑’Ë‚§√ß°“√‰¥â√—∫ „Àâ°—∫ºŸâ‡√’¬π πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—߉¥âæ—≤π“∑—°…–¥â“π
§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°§√Ÿ Õ“®“√¬å∑’˪√÷°…“ ·≈–‰¥â√—∫ Õ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘ °“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ °“√·∫àß
°“√Õπÿ¡—μ‘®“° ∂“π»÷°…“·≈â« ºŸâ‡√’¬πμâÕß≈ß¡◊Õ ß“π°—π∑” °“√«“ß·ºπ ¿“«–ºŸâπ” °“√μ—¥ ‘π„®
ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“πμ“¡·ºπß“π∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π‡§â“‚§√ߢÕß §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈ °“√®—¥°“√§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß
‚§√ß°“√ ·≈–√–À«à“ß°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“πºŸâ‡√’¬πμâÕß ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ (Tan, 2005)
ªØ‘ ∫— μ‘ ß “π¥â « ¬§«“¡√Õ∫§Õ∫ §”π÷ ß ∂÷ ß §«“¡
ª√–À¬—¥·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√∑”ß“π μ≈Õ¥ ∫∑ √ÿª
®π§”π÷ß∂÷ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬ ”À√—∫‚§√ß°“√ °“√‡√’ ¬ π®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ √ °‘ ® ºà “ π°“√∑”
‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ à«π„À≠à¡’°≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“¬‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡧπ„𠂧√ß°“√‡æ◊Ë Õ — ß §¡ Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ ·π«∑“ß°“√
™ÿ¡™π ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâ∑”‚§√ß°“√®–μâÕß„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠ ®—¥°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß
„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬ ¥μà “ ßÊ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¡“°¢÷È π ‡™à π °“√ ¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ Ωñ°„À⺟â‡√’¬π‰¥â √Ÿâ ®— ° °“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå
· ¥ßÕÕ°μàÕ°≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“¬ ‡∑§π‘§°“√∑”ß“π√à«¡ «“ß·ºπ ·°âªí≠À“¥â«¬°“√≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫—μ‘®√‘ß √«¡∑—Èß
°— ∫ ™ÿ ¡ ™π °“√¢Õ§«“¡√à « ¡¡◊ Õ ®“°§π„π™ÿ ¡ ™π ¬—ß “¡“√∂æ—≤π“»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π¥â“πμà“ßÊ
‡ªìπμâπ „π√–À«à“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√§«√¡’°“√ ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ∑—Èßπ’ȺŸâ Õπ “¡“√∂π”«‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
®¥∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈μà“ßÊ ‰«âÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥«à“ ∑”Õ–‰√ ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‰ªª√–¬ÿ°μå„π√“¬«‘™“μà“ßÊ ‡æ◊Õ Ë
‰¥âº≈Õ¬à“߉√ ªí≠À“ Õÿª √√§ ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√ æ—≤π“»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π∑ÿ°Ê ¥â“π ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ
·°â‰¢Õ¬à“߉√ °“√∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥—ß°≈à“«π’È μâÕß®—¥∑” „Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°√–· °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß —ߧ¡
Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√–∫∫ √–‡∫’¬∫ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–‰¥â„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‚≈°∑’ˇªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
”À√— ∫ °“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß °“√¥”‡π‘ π ß“π„π‚Õ°“
μàÕ‰ª¥â«¬
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 65

6. ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
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66 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’