1. Sovereignty refers to the absolute power of a state to govern itself and determine its own affairs without outside interference. 2. The key attributes of sovereignty include absoluteness, comprehensiveness, permanence, and indivisibility. 3. There are different types of sovereignty, including de jure sovereignty which is legal sovereignty versus de facto sovereignty which is sovereignty in practice.

1. (Sovereignty)
( ) “ ”
(Absoluteness)
(permanence)
(Comprehensiveness)

2. (Indivisibility)
-
3
(Sovereignty)

3. 1.
2.
3.
__
Mmm
2 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.

4. Harold lasswell
H. J. Laski
( government) (Subjects) (Supermacy)
Woodrow Willson
( , 2548 )
25
(State,C
ountry,Govenment)
(
)

5. Natus (Birth)
(Nation)
(Nationality)
(State) (Nation)
(State) 4
1.) ( Population)
(Andora)
5,000 (Vatican City)
1,000
(Plato)
( Free Citizen
)
5,040

6. 3
(
) (Slaves)
(Aliens)
25
(Citizens)
2.) (Territory)
3

7. (San Marino) 38
3,619,644
. 1971
(Patriotism)
3.) (Government)
(administrative agencies)

8. 25
4.) (Sovereignty and Independence)
(Sovereignty)
( Independence)
(outside
States)
(de jure)
(de facto)
2.
(Voluntary action)

9. 2 (de
facto)
(de jure)
Aristotle
(Ethical)
John Locke Aristotle
(Commonwealth)
25
Adam Smith
The

10. Wealth of Nation 3
(public works)
(The Function of the State)
3
1.) (Essential Function)
-
-
-
-
-
2.) (Business Function)
3.) (Service Function)
2

11. 1
Anarchism
Individualism
Socialism
Socialism Communism
Socialism
25
Communism
2
2
1.) (Democracy) Democracy
2 demos
People Kretein to rule
( rule by people ) Popular sovereignty

12. 2
1
2
( . .1789)
(Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity)
3

13. 2.) (dictatorship)
2 (authoritarianism)
(Totalitarianism)
25
“
”
(Totalitarianism)
(
)
(Presidium)

14. . . 2550
(Essential Function)
(Business Function) (Service Function)
. . 2550
5 10
1 ( 75-
76)
1
2 ( 77)
3 ( 78)
4
( 79-80)

15. 5 ( 81)
25
6 ( 82)
7 ( 83-84)
8 (
85)
9 (
86)
10 ( 87)

16. 3.
2
1.)
2.)
6
1.) (The Theory of the Divine Right)
Patriachal Metaphysical 2
- Patrichal Sir Robert Filmer
Patriacha
Adam Adam
Adam
25
- Metaphysical George Wilhelm Hegel

17. Hegel
Hegel
2. ) (Social Contract Theory)
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
(a turbulent one)
(Omnipotent ruler)
Thomas Hobbes Stuart
Family
(Glorious Revolution)

18. 3.) (Division of Labor Theory)
The
Republic
(Plato)
4. ) ( Instinctive Theory)
25
(Primitive)
5.) (Economic Theory)
(Karl Marx)
( Means of Production )

19. ( The state exists to protect the rich against the poor )
6.) (Force Theory)
3
1.) (Roman Empire)
(Marx)
2.) 19
3.) (Political Anthropologist)
(Normadic Pastoral people)
(Emergence of the Modern State)
(Nation State )
5
1. (City - State)
10,000 1

20. 25
(Consensus)
(Alexander) (Macedon)
356-323
2. ) (Ancient Empire)
100,000
(Autocratic

21. government)
. .
476
3. ) : (The middle Ages : Feudalism)
5 15
(A body of
Private Institution)
10 – 11
25

22. (Anarchy)
(Bourgeoisie)
4.) (Dynastic State)
( ) (Public Law)

23. 5.) (Nation - State)
Glorious Revolution . . 1688
(French
Revolution) . . 1789
. . 1859 – 1871
- 1
25
(Nationalism)

24. .
4.
(Sovereignty)
(Sovereignty) Superanus
(Supreme)
(Jean Bodin)
(John
Locke)
4
1.) (absoluteness)
2.) (comprehensiveness)
3.) (permanence)
4.) (indivisibility)

25. 1.)
25
2.)

26. 3.)
4.)
5
1. (Legal Sovereignty)
2. (Political Sovereignty )
3. ( De Facto Sovereignty)
4. (De Jure Sovereignty )
25
5. (External Sovereignty)
1.)

27. (John Austin)
2.)
3.) (revolution)
(coup
de tat)
(de jure
government)

28. (de facto government)
(recognition)
25
4.)
5.)

29. 1.) 16
14
“ ”
. . 1789
2. )
(Stoics)
(Cicero)
16 17

30. (John Locke) (Jean Jeaque Rousseau)
(parliamentary government)
(initiative) (referendum)
25
3.)
19
(will)
4.)

31. (
)
__
mmmmmmm3
3
(Sovereignty)
1.
2.
3. (De Jure) (De
Facto)

32. 4. (Separation of Power)
“ ”
“
"
“ ”
“ ” ?
-36 -
. . 1997

33. 1. (absoluteness)
2. (comprehensiveness)

34. ?
-37 -
3. (permanence)
2
4. (indivisibility)

35. 2
(indivisibility)
(separation of power)
2
( – -)
( – -)
?
-38 -
1. (divine right theory)
15 (Jean Bodin)

36. ( , 2518 :189)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2

37. ?
-39 -
2. (popular sovereign)
(social
contract)
1.
2.
3.

38. 4.
5.
?
-40 -
1. (legal sovereignty)
(John Austin)
Austin
2. (political sovereignty)

39. 3. (de facto sovereignty)
2
.
.
4
?
-41 -
de facto
4. (de jure sovereignty)

40. 2
.
de jure
.
de jure sovereignty
de jure Sovereignty
de jure
sovereignty
5. (external sovereignty)
De Jure
De Facto
?
-42 -
(separation of power)

41. separation of power
3
3

42. 1. (presidential government)
3
3
presidential government
(Montesquieu) The Spirit of
Laws
“
(separation of power)
-43 -
3 ”

43. 3
State of Union Address
2. parliamentary government

44. ?
-44 -
2
5( )
1.
2.
3.
__

45. Mmm4
2
(Sovereignty)
( )

46. “ ” ( ,
, 2552 )
(Sovereignty)
(Separation of Power )
(Montesquieu)
(The Spirit of Law)
( ,
2543, 15)
13
(Heywood, Online, 2009)

47. (Supremacy)
“ ”
“
”( , 2521, 1-4)
( , 2530 ,
212)
(
, 2512, 15)
16
“ ” ( , 2530 , 212-213)
“ ” “ ”

48. ( , 2535, 131)
2 (De Jure
Sovereignty)
(De Facto Sovereignty)
14
(Modern
State) (Nation State)
(Theory of
Sovereignty)

49. ( , 2543,
16)
1.
3
(Supremacy of God)
(Supremacy of Pope)
(Jesus
Christ)
(Saint Peter)

50. 15-16
14
15
(The Supremacy of
King)
“ ” “ ”
(Sovereign)
14
“Etat,c,est moi ” (I am the state) “ ”
( , 2541, 138)
1. (Jean Bodin: . .1530-1596)

51. “ 6
”
“ (Res Publica)”
“ (Puissance
Souveraine)”
(Perpe Tuelle)
(Abaolue)

52. 16
(Parlements)
(
, 2550 , 30-31)
(Prelot) “
(Indivisible)
(Nondeleguee)
(Perpetuelle)

53. (Supreme)
”
(
, ,
2550)
( )
2. (Thomas Hobbes: . .1588-1677)
17
(Leviathan . .1651 1
)

54. Leviathan
(Imperium Absolutum)
(Etat Totallitaire) ( ,
2550 , 32)
3. (Puffendorf)
“De Jure Naturae et Gentium” . .1672
7 1. , 2. , 3.
, 4. , 5. , 6.
, 7.
( , 2544, 12)
4. (John Locke: . .1632-1704)
“Secone
Treaties of Civil
Government” . .1690

55. 18
3
1.
( )
, 2.
, 3.

56. 2.
(Sovereignty belongs
to the
People)

57. (Jean Jaque Rousseau: . .1721-1778) “The
Social Contract”
200
19
“...
...”

58. ( , , 2551)
(Civil Liberty)
(Le Contrat Moral)
2
20

59. ( -
, 2550, 36)
1.
“ ”
“
”( , 2544, 14)
2.
(Mandat Imperatif)
3.

60. 3.
Nation Sovereignty
. .1789
( , 2533, 133)
(Sieyes) . .1748-1836
“
21
...” (Essai Sur les Privileges) . .1789 “ ”
(Qu’est-ce que le
tiers Etat ?)
. .1789
(Convention) 1 3
1
( ,
2550 , 57)
“ ” “ ”
“ ”

61. ( ,
2533, 133)
-
(Pouvoir Constituant)
(Pouvoir Constitue)
(Nation)
(Hierarchie)

62. (
, 2550 , 57-58)
22
( , 2522, 15)
. .1789
26 . .1789 (Declaration des Droits de I Homme
et du Citoye du 26
aout 1789)
3
“...
...”

63. 3
“
”(
, 2540, 15)
23
1.

64. (Universal Suffrage)
2.
(Mandat Representatif)
3.
(Montesquieu: . .1689-1755) The
spirit of Law
6 11
3
1.

65. 2.
3.
3
3
(Puissance Legislative)
(Puissance Xecutrice des Choses qui Dependent du Droit des
Gens)
24
(Puissanc Executrice
des Choses qui Depend
Dent du Droit Civil)
(Power
Stop Power)

66. 3
( , 2530 , 210-211)

67. 25
“ ”

68. . .1787
. .1791
26

69. (Check and Balance)
( , , 2551 )
(Parliamentary
Democracy)
(Parliament)
(Individualism)
“ ” (Legal State) “ ” (Rule of Law)

70. 27
2 (Unicameral
Parliament)
(Bicameral Parliament)
( , 2544, 60)
2
“ ”

71. 2
(L'institutionalisation du Pouvoir)
( )
(Le Pouvoird'Etat) ,
, ,

72. 28
(Le Pouvoir Constituant)
(La Séparation des Pouvoirs)
(Le
Pouvoir Constitué)
( , ,
2544)
(absolute sovereignty)
( , 2546, 15)
1. (Absoluteness)
2. (Comprehensiveness)

73. 3. (Permanence)
4. (Indivisibility)
29

74. Separation of Power
Separation of Functions
3
“
”(
, 2550, 65)

75. 30
(la monarchie
absolue)

76. (
, 2550, 66)
3
26 . .1789
“
”
31

77. 3 (
, 2542, 11)
1.
2.

78. 3.
(Referendum)
Initiative
32
2
1. (
-
, , 2551 )
. .2475
(Absulute
Monarchy)

79. ( )
( , . . ., 2510, 79
, 2550 , 177)
( . .1871–1918)
(Constitutional Monarchy)

80. 33
2.
“
”( , , 2552)
7
. .2475
“ ”

81. ( )
( ,
, 2551 )
34
. .2475
. .2550 18
?

82. “
( )
”
.
-
“ ” “ ”
. 1
3
2515 39-45 ( , , 2551)
3 . .2550
“
”
3
“ ”( )

83. ( )
1. “ ”
2. 24 . .2475
35
24 . .2475

84. ( , 2550 , 182)
“ ”
“ ”
( , 2550 , 183)
. .1807

85. 36
. .2500
. .2517
. .2517
. .2518
. .
2535
90
1. ( , 2546, 15)
-
“Pouvoir Constituant”
( ,
2538 , 15)

86. 1.1
37
- 4 . .1889
2
- . .1815
- . .1911
- . .1931

87. 1.2
“ ”
“ ”
1.3
- . .1787 13
4 . .1776
- . .1918
. .1917
-
. .1791
16 . .1789

88. 1.4
38
. .1845 . .1864
. .1869
. .2489
. .
2502

89. 1.5
2
4
. .2500 . .2506
. .1947
2
(General
Douglas MacArthur)
39
. .1889

90. (Meiji Constitution)
25
(Whitney) 6

91. . .1943
( . .1947)
. .1935 ( . .1946)
2
40
(
, 2546, 15)
2.1
2.2

92. 10 20
. .
1944 . .1947 . .1957
2.3
2.4

93. 41
. .2491
40 . .2502
. .2511
2
. .2534
211
99
2
10
1 76
76

94. 8
8
7 23
11 . .2540 ( , 2541,
15)
( , , 2551 )
3.
2
3.1
. .1787
. .1791
42
3.2

95. ( )
. .2540
( . . .)
4
1.
2.
3.

96. 4.
__
mmm
1

97. 4
1.
- -
2.
-
-
-
3.

98. 4.
2
1.
2.

99. “ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ”

100. “ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ”
/
1.
2.
3.
4.

101. 5. (Ecolutionary Theory)
(Recognition)
2
1. (De Facto Recognition)
1917-1933 (16 )
2. (De Jure Recognition)
1917-1933 (16 ) De
Facto 1933 De Jure

102. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2

103. ( )
(Manifesto)
3
1.
( . . . .)
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.

104. 1. Capitulation
2. Colonies
3. Satellite
4. Deterrence
5. Good Will/ Popularity
- Aristotle
-
-
-
-
-

105. -“ ” . . 1516
Bodin Pope
- .16-17 Thomas Hobbes
1 Hobbes
- Locke
- Rousseau
-
-
1. (Absoluteness)
2. (Universality)

106. 3. (Permanence)
4. (Indivisibility)
1. (Legal Sovereignty)
2. (Political Sovereignty)
. ., . .

107. 3. (De Jure Sovereignty)
4. (De Facto Sovereignty)
5. (Internal Sovereignty)
6. (External Sovereignty)
7. (Popular Sovereignty)
1. .16
2. .16-17
- Popular Sovereignty

108. 3.
4.
1. (Election)
One Man, Ona Vote
2. (Referendum)
3. (Plebiscite)
4. (Initiative)
5. (Recall)

109. 6. (Public Opinion)
7. (Public Hearing)
8. (Veto)
3
1.
2.
3.

110. (Authocracy)
14
(Oligarchy)
( )
(Aristocracy)
(Fascism)

111. (Communism)

112. (Autboritorianism) (Totalitarianism)
(Authocracy) (Oligarchy) (Aristocracy) (Fascism)
(Nazism) (Communism)
1.
2.
3.
4.

113. 5.
1
2

114. 3

115. (Inner
Cabinet)
(Cabinet)
(H.M. Goverment)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

116. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 2
10.
11.

117. 1.
2.
4

118. 4
6
( )
2

119. 5

120. ., ., ., 1/3 3
3.
4. . .
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

121. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.