Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
1. The document discusses properties of elements in the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, classification of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
2. Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period and increases down a group as the principal quantum level increases. Ionic radius is measured from the distance between nuclei of bonded ions. The ionic radius of cations decreases as the charge increases, while that of anions increases as the charge increases.
3. Elements are classified based on properties as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and transition metals. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while nonmetals are typically poor conductors.
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
1. The document discusses properties of elements in the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, classification of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
2. Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period and increases down a group as the principal quantum level increases. Ionic radius is measured from the distance between nuclei of bonded ions. The ionic radius of cations decreases as the charge increases, while that of anions increases as the charge increases.
3. Elements are classified based on properties as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and transition metals. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while nonmetals are typically poor conductors.
1.) The document provides 10 examples of unit conversions between metric and other systems of units. It converts between meters/seconds and km/h, meters and nanometers, nanometers and femtometers, amps and milliamps, hours and seconds, kilograms/meters cubed and micrograms/cubic centimeter.
2.) The conversions use dimensional analysis and involve multiplying or dividing by powers of 10 to account for the different metric prefixes like milli, micro, and nano.
3.) Examples include converting 10 m/s to km/h, 0.000000007 m to nanometers, 1.5x10-5 A to milliamps, and 19,300 kg/m
1.) The document provides 10 examples of unit conversions between metric and other systems of units. It converts between meters/seconds and km/h, meters and nanometers, nanometers and femtometers, amps and milliamps, hours and seconds, kilograms/meters cubed and micrograms/cubic centimeter.
2.) The conversions use dimensional analysis and involve multiplying or dividing by powers of 10 to account for the different metric prefixes like milli, micro, and nano.
3.) Examples include converting 10 m/s to km/h, 0.000000007 m to nanometers, 1.5x10-5 A to milliamps, and 19,300 kg/m