1. Nucleic acids are biopolymers made from nucleotides that are essential to all known forms of life. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. 2. DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. RNA plays key roles in coding, decoding, regulating, and expressing genes. 3. The key differences between DNA and RNA are that DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and uses the base thymine, while RNA contains the sugar ribose and replaces thymine with uracil.

1. 2
(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA ) DNA
(ribonucleic acid
,RNA)
RNA DNA RNA
Nucleic acid 2
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
DNA

2. RNA DNA
DNA RNA
RNA D-Ribose 2-Deoxyribose
DNA

3. 2
(deoxyribonucleicacid, DNA ) ribonucleic acid , RNA) DNA RNA
3 nitrogenous base) 5
(

4. • Nucleoside
• Nucleotide
• nucleotide
(heterocyclic amine )
2 pyrimidine) purine)

5. ribonucleic acid: RNA)
deoxyribonucleicacid: DNA)
(pyrimidine) cytosine - C)
(uracil - U) thymine - T) purine)
adenine - A) guanine - G)

6. 4 A, G, T C
A, G, U C
(Monoester linkage)
Diester linkage) ester-anhydride linkage)

7. , ,
β-N-glycosidic linkage) 1 ( 1/)
1 9
1
1 1 9
5