SQL Server 2012 introduced new spatial data types like circular arcs and support for full globe objects. It also enhanced spatial indexing with automatic grid generation and index hints. Other improvements included additional methods for spatial aggregations and reorienting objects on the globe. Overall, the new capabilities expanded support for advanced geospatial analysis and improved performance of spatial queries.

1. Spatial

2. Spatial-

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Tessellation •
Spatial Aggregations •
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- DBA •
MS SQL 2000-2012 –
Oracle 9i-11g –
SQL Anywhere 10 –
Sybase –

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Reporting Services –
Integration Services –
Spatial –
PowerShell –
Mirroring, Replication –
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8. GIS •
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x,y,z –
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WGS84- –
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11. Point –
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M- z x,y •
POINT(10 10) / POINT(10 10 10 1)
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Linestring –
LINESTRING(0 0, 10 10) •
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12. Polygon
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Collection –
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GeomCollection •
MultiPoints,MultiPolygon,MultiLineString •

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–STGeomFromText •
SET @g = Geometry::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0, 10 10, 21 2)',0)
– STEnvelope •
– STConvexHull •
– STDifference() •
– STIntersection() •
– STUnion() •

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WGS84 GPS

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17. Spatial indexes
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O(n)O(logn)

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<>=
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Fixed quadtree •
index
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21. B-trees- SQL- •
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four-level grid - SQL- B-
hierarchy
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Level Grid configuration Number of cells
Low 4x4 16
Medium 8x8
High 16x16 256
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• CREATE SPATIAL INDEX SIndx_SpatialTable_geography_col3 ON
SpatialTable2(object) WITH ( GRIDS = ( LEVEL_3 = HIGH, LEVEL_2 = HIGH ) );

25. Tessellation
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touched cells •

26. Tessellation Rules
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tessellation rules
The covering rule •
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28. The cells-per-object rule •

29. The deepest-cell rule •

31. Spatial Aggregation
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• SELECT Geography::UnionAggregate(geog) FROM Counties WHERE name = 'Washington';
• SELECT Geography::EnvelopeAggregate(geog) FROM Counties WHERE name = Washington';
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32. • SELECT Geography::CollectionAggregate(geog) FROM Counties WHERE name = 'Washington';
• SELECT Geography::ConvexHullAggregate(geog) FROM Counties WHERE name = 'Washington';

33. SQL 2012 -
Circular Arc- •
– CircularString
– CompoundCurve
– CurvePolygon
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DECLARE@CircularSegmentGEOGRAPHY
=GEOGRAPHY::STGeomFromText('CIRCULARSTRING(0 -30, 0 0, 0 30)',4326);
SELECT @CircularSegmentAS Shape;

34. Full Globe Support
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– EnvelopeAngle() method returns 180 for objects larger than a logical
hemisphere and < 90 for smaller objects
– ReorientObject() reverses the ring orientation
DECLARE @Globe GEOGRAPHY=GEOGRAPHY::STGeomFromText('FULLGLOBE',4326);
SELECT @Globe.STArea();-- calculate the area of the WGS84 ellipsoid
-- Result: 510,065,621,710,996 square meters

35. Spatial Index Enhancements
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Auto-grid •
GRIDS –
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Hints •

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