The document discusses common sports injuries such as bruises, sprains, strains, fractures, and joint injuries. It describes the symptoms and causes of these injuries, including torn or overstretched muscles from improper lifting or lack of warm up. The document recommends RICE therapy for acute soft tissue injuries, which stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to reduce swelling and bleeding in the first 24-48 hours. Sports injuries are often caused by overuse, direct impact, or forces exceeding what the body can withstand.

1. SPORTS INJURIES
BY R.MONYEKE

2. About myself
My name is Monyeke Realeboha of student number
2021/2262.
I am a third year student at Lesotho College of
Education.
I am going to present about sports injuries.

3. Introduction
The term sports injuries refers to the
kinds of injuries that most commonly
occurs in sports, but they are not limited
to athletes. Factory workers get tennis
elbow, painters get shoulder injuries, and
gardeners develop tendinitis, even though
they may not participate in sports.

4. Sports injuries
Common injuries (also knowns as acute injuries) Include
 bruises
 Sprains
 Strain
 Fracture and
 joint injuries

5. bruise
A bruise is a skin discoloration that results from the
breakage of tiny blood vessels leaking under the skin
after a contusion or hematoma of tissue. The bleeding
causes visible discoloration, usually purple or blue, that
fades over time.

6. Strain
 A strain is when a muscle is over stretched and
possibly torn, by violent or sudden movement.
This might occur when a person lifting heavy
weights incorrectly or participating in strenuous
sporting activities without warming up
adequately

7. Sprain
 Sprain: This is an injury which occurs at a joint,
when the ligaments and tissues around that
particular joint are suddenly ‘wrenched’ or torn.
A sprained ankle may result if your foot turns over
unexpectedly while walking or running. Some
sprains are minor while others are major. Major
sprains are associated with extensive damage to
the tissue and are difficult to distinguish from
fractures.

8. Joint injury
 Joint injury can occur easily as a result of
falls, collisions or limb twists. Joint injury
occurs when the ligaments surrounding the
joint stretch or tears off. Even other soft
tissues, such as muscles and tendons, may
be injured.

9. Join injuries (count..)
Joint injuries include
Runners knee, it is pain associated with patella
(kneecap). It is the most common condition for
runners. It is thought to be caused by and imbalance
in the muscles that support our knees, and
mechanical errors that can cause poor knee
tracking.
Plica syndrome, patients with plica syndrome
experience associated with clicking or popping. The
anterior knee pain is a hallmark of plica syndrome.
Pain can be brought on raising from a chair,
squatting or other activities that load the
patellofemoral joint.

10. A picture showing knee joint
injury in football.
Credit: Getty images

11. Bone fracture
A break of any size is called a fracture. If the
broken bone punctures the skin it is called
open fracture, however if it doesn’t it is
called closed fracture.

12. Overall treatment for acute injuries.
 The most important time for treatment of acute
soft injuries is between 24-48 hours of the injury.
When the soft tissue is injured, there is
associated damaged to blood vessels. As a result,
blood accumulates in the area around the
damaged tissues and this results in swelling and
compression of adjourning tissues. Therefore,
every effort should be made to reduce the
amount of bleeding at the side of the injury. The
most appropriate method of doing this is by using
RICE therapy, which is fully explained below.

13. RICE
R - Rest
I - Ice
C - Compress

14. Rest
 Rest, when possible, the injured athlete should
stop activity immediately after injury. Continued
active movement of the injured part will result in
increased bleeding and swelling

15. ICE
Ice: The application of ice is required immediately
after injury. This brings about reduction of pain and
causes local contraction of blood vessels, thus
reducing bleeding and swelling. Ice may also decrease
inflammation and muscle spasm. It can be applied in a
number of forms. The length of time for which ice
should be applied depends on the size of the area
injured and the depth of the injured structure but
generally 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours initially is
recommended.

16. Compress
 Wrap the injured or sore area with an elastic bandage
(such as an Ace wrap) to help decrease swelling and
bleeding. Do not wrap it too tight, because this can
cause more swelling below the affected area. Loosen the
bandage if it gets too tight. Signs that the bandage is
too tight includes numbness, tingling increased, pain,
coolness, or swelling in the area below the bandage. Talk
to doctor if you think you need to use a wrap for longer
than 48 to 72 hours, a more serious problem may be
present.

17. ELEVATION
Elevate the injured or sore area on
pillow while applying ice and anytime you
are setting or lying down. Try to keep the
area at or above the level of your
heart to help minimize swelling.

18. Summary
Sports injuries are commonly
caused by overuse, direct impact, or
the application of force that is
greater than the body part can
structurally withstand. Common
injuries include bruises, sprains,
strains, joint injuries and nose
bleeds.

19. References
First aid pocket guide(1993) American national red cross.
St. John Ambulance: 1993, first aid manual: The southern
African road cross Society.p.110.
https://www.unitypoint.org
https://www.bumrungrad.com