Food spoilage means the original nutritional value, texture, flavor of the food are damaged, the food become harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.
Food Spoilage By
1.Microorganisms
2.Enzymes
3.Insects
Commonly known as food poisoning, food borne illness is caused by eating food that is contaminated by bacteria or other harmful substances. Food becomes hazardous by contamination. Contamination is the unintended presence of harmful substances or microorganisms in food. Food can become contaminated from:
Chemical hazards
Biological hazards
Physical hazards
Efficacy of ipron and max gold on phytophthora infestansSakil Ahmed
Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete that causes the serious potato disease known as late blight or potato blight. (Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is also often called "potato blight".) Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845 Irish and 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect tomatoes and some other members of the Solanaceae. At first, the spots are gray-green and water-soaked, but they soon enlarge and turn dark brown and firm, with a rough surface.
This year due to higher temperature on day time, Fog, and excess humidity weather was unfriendly potato plants. So that plant has contaminated by Phytophthora infestans on early stage. Moreover uncertain precipitation influence rapid contamination of disease.
As we do not have any higher combined fungicide as like “200 g/lazoxystrobin 125 g/ ldifenoconazole” I have made a new combination by using our product 6.25 g /Mancozeb 3.20 g/ Metalayxyle 1.28 g/Iprodion . It means Maxgold 4gms + Ipron 1.56 gms per litter of water. The combined solution of chemicals has protect potato plant from Phytophthora infestans.
On the basis of the field demonstration we can say that, the combination of 6.25 g /Mancozeb 3.20 g/ Metalayxyle 1.28 g/Iprodion can prevent and cure Phytophthora infestans
Maize (Zea mays subsp.), known in some English-speaking countries as corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain the grain, which are seeds called kernels. Maize kernels are often used in cooking as a starch. This document contain ...1. Structure and physiology,2. Varieties,3. Climate, soils and production areas,4. The sowing operation 5. Maintenance At crop establishment 6. Major Diseases of Maize 7. Major Insect Pest of Maize 8.Global Maize Production ,9Global Consumption of Maize and many more about Maize .
Food Is that which nourishes the body. Anything eaten or drunk, which can be absorbed by the body to be se as energy source ,building, regulating or protective material.
Nutrients is food substance that provides energy which is necessary for growth and repair.
Examples of nutrients are vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Business is exchange of Goods,Services,or Money for mutual Benefit or Profit.
Objectives of a Business is....
Profit
Survival
Growth
Social responsibility
High organic loaded wastes and wastewater creates environmental pollution. The textile wastewater is a serious environmental challenge faced by Bangladesh textile sub sector. The textile wastewater contains organic compounds and synthetic chemicals. Certain chemicals which are used in the textile industry cause environmental or health problems. Due to presence of chemicals, it cause instance allergic skin reaction or even cause cancer. Environmental degradation by the industrial sector is a matter of serious concern in Bangladesh. Textile processing industries is one of the most important industries of Bangladesh with regard to production, export and labor force employment. The major raw material for textile processing is grey fabric and most of materials consist of cotton and blended fabric. Textile processing employs a variety of chemicals depending on the nature of raw material and products such as; enzymes, detergents, dyes, acids, soda and salt. The textile wastewater is a highly polluted in terms of organic matter and suspended matter such as fibers, grease and chemicals. The textile wastewater is usually hot and alkaline with strong smell and color due to use of chemicals dyes. Studies reveled that wastewater from textile industry is highly toxic and has inhibitory effects on an activated sludge and nitrification.
Earth's climate is mostly influenced by the first 6 miles or so of the atmosphere which contains most of the matter making up the atmosphere. This is really a very thin layer if you think about it. In the book The End of Nature, author Bill McKibbin tells of walking three miles to from his cabin in the Adirondack's to buy food. Afterwards, he realized that on this short journey he had traveled a distance equal to that of the layer of the atmosphere where almost all the action of our climate is contained. In fact, if you were to view Earth from space, the principle part of the atmosphere would only be about as thick as the skin on an onion! Realizing this makes it more plausible to suppose that human beings can change the climate. A look at the amount of greenhouse gases we are spewing into the atmosphere (see below), makes it even more plausible
According to The USDA system of Soil Taxonomy Twelve soil soil orders are recognized. Andisols is one of them.
Globally, Andisols are the least extensive soil order and only account for >1% of the ice-free land area.
National education policy 2010 (Bangladesh)Sakil Ahmed
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next.
Education is the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and
values from one generation to another.
National education policy of bangladeshSakil Ahmed
Education is the backbone of a nation. Since the Independence of Bangladesh, it has not been possible for us to implement any Education Policy in the last four decades. Although the first Education Policy was formulated under the initiative of the founder of independent Bangladesh and Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman based on the needs of an independent country.
Climate change refers to seasonal changes over a long period of time.
Worldwide, people are paying serious attention to climate change.
Because so many systems are tied to climate, such as, people, plants and animals live, such as food production, availability and use of water, and health risks.
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as "global warming"
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models. A climate record — extending deep into the Earth's past — has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
The deterioration of seed quality, vigor and viability, due to high relative humidity and high temperature during the post-maturation and per-harvest period is referred to as field weathering,
Deterioration caused by weathering is directly related to seed exposure to adverse conditions.
Exposure to hot and humid conditions, rainfall, photo period after ripening are per-harvest factors, cause seed quality loss.
Most crops grow best when the pH is at or near neutral which is a pH of 7.0. It is a sure bet that in those situations where the soil is at a pH of 4.8 that there will be a substantial reduction in crop production. Yield reductions under low pH conditions are the result of several factors. including reduced root mass, reduced nutrient uptake and reduced nutrient availability. When the soil pH goes down applied fertilizer becomes less available because it is tied up in a form that will make it unavailable to the plant for many years. This is especially true of phosphorous but potassium can also be made unavailable through this process.
Ken Kelley, retired Crops and Soil Researcher at the Southeast Ag Research Center in Parsons did some work to determine how much yield reduction there is in various crops based upon specific soil pH levels. This test was run for three years and included grain sorghum, full-season soybeans, double-crop soybeans and wheat. The pH ranges included 4.9, 5.3, 6.1, 6.5 and 7.0.
The yields at the 4.9 pH level includes sorghum at 83.8 bushels, full season beans at 26.5 bu., double-crop beans at 17.6 bu., and wheat at 45.4 bushels. Yields at the 5.3 pH level includes sorghum at 89.9 bu., full-season beans at 28.7 bu., double-crop beans at 20.3 bu. and wheat at 46.1 bu. Yields at the 6.1 pH level includes sorghum at 96.3 bu., full-season beans at 32.8 bu., double-crop beans at 22 bu. and wheat at 47.3 bu. Yields at the 6.5 pH level includes sorghum at 99.3 bu., full-season beans at 33.4 bu., double-crop beans at 23.3 bu., and wheat at 49.1 bu. Yields at the 7.0 pH includes sorghum at 99.0 bu., full-season beans at 34.3 bu., double-crop beans at 22.3 bu. and wheat at 48.2 bu.
Looking at these results it is plain to see that the ideal pH lies somewhere between 6.5 and 7.0. Even though the yield differences in some instances may not seem that great, if you look at the difference in total production over time, it becomes quite apparent that liming does pay for itself many times over, especially in times of high crop prices.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Dr. MD. SHOHIDULLAH MIAH
Director & Coordinator
College of Agricultural Sciences
4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector-10 (Off Dhaka-Ashulia Road) Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh. Phone: 896 3523-27, 892 3469-70,
0171 4014933 Fax: 892 2625, info@iubat.edu,
www.iubat.edu
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3. Personated By …
MD. SHAKIL SARKER
10309003
College of Agricultural Sciences
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4. Food Spoilage
Food spoilage means the original nutritional value,
texture, flavor of the food are damaged, the food
become harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.
Spoilage of food is meaning
a condition where ….
produced excessive growth of
microorganisms, those are
leading to decomposition.
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7. Molds
Molds are eukaryotic micro-organisms
that are decomposers of dead organic
material.
Moulds form spores which, when dry,
float through the air to find suitable
conditions where they can start the
growth cycle again. 7sakil.iubat@gmail.com
8. Yeast
Yeasts are single-celled fungi useful in the production of
various types of food and beverages, such as bread, yogurt,
cider, and alcoholic beverages.
Yeasts can be responsible for the decomposition of food
with a high sugar content.
Yeast metabolizes sugar producing alcohol and carbon
dioxide gas. This is known as fermentation.
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9. Bacteria
Bacteria are round, rod or spiral shaped microorganisms.
They occur in different sizes and shapes and are classified
as coccus.
Bacteria
Coccus Bacilli Spirillae
Diplo
Staphylo
Strepto
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10. Bacteria Cont’d…
Various bacteria can be responsible for the spoilage of
food. When bacteria breaks down the food, acids and
other waste products are created in the process. 10sakil.iubat@gmail.com
11. Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins found in all plants and animals.
Enzymes cause undesirable changes in color,
texture and flavor.
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12. Insects
Worms, bugs, weevils, fruit flies, moths cause
extensive damage to food and reduce its nutritional
value and make it unfit for human consumption.
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13. Control of Micro-organisms factors
Cold
Drying
Acid
Smoke
Air
Chemical
Radiation
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