SPI and I2C are common communication protocols used to connect devices in embedded systems. SPI uses a master-slave configuration with four lines - clock, MOSI, MISO, and chip select - to enable full-duplex communication between a single master and multiple slaves. I2C also uses a master-slave model but supports multiple devices on the same bus, each with a unique address, making it suitable when multiple devices need to share a bus. The choice between SPI and I2C depends on factors like data rate needs, number of devices, and application requirements.

1. SPI

2. SPI
• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and I2C (Inter-
Integrated Circuit) are two commonly used
communication protocols for connecting
peripherals and devices within electronic
systems. Both protocols are widely used in
embedded systems, microcontrollers, and
various electronic devices.

3. • SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): SPI is a synchronous
serial communication protocol that enables full-duplex
communication between a master device and one or
more slave devices. It typically uses four lines for
communication:
– SCLK (Serial Clock): Provides a timing signal generated by
the master to synchronize data transfer.
– MOSI (Master Output, Slave Input): Transmits data from
the master to the slave(s).
– MISO (Master Input, Slave Output): Transmits data from
the slave(s) to the master.
– SS/CS (Slave Select/Chip Select): Enables the master to
select a specific slave device for communication.

4. I2C
• I2C uses a master-slave configuration as well, where the master
initiates and controls communication with the slave devices. Unlike
SPI, I2C supports multiple devices connected to the same bus, and
each device has a unique address. The master device addresses the
specific slave device it wants to communicate with during each
transaction.
• I2C is commonly used for connecting peripherals and integrated
circuits that require lower data transfer rates, such as sensors,
EEPROMs, real-time clocks, and other low to moderate bandwidth
devices. It is often preferred in applications where there is a need
for multiple devices to share the same communication bus.
• Both SPI and I2C have their own advantages and use cases, and the
choice between them depends on factors such as data transfer
speed, the number of devices, system requirements, and the
specific application needs.