1. Percutaneous spinal interventions involve minimally invasive procedures using needles and fluoroscopy to inject medications into the spine to treat chronic pain. 2. Common spinal interventions include caudal epidural injections in the lower back, transforaminal epidural injections to access specific spinal nerves, and radiofrequency ablation to disrupt nerve conduction. 3. Spinal interventions are generally low-risk outpatient procedures that provide pain relief and can avoid the need for surgery in many chronic pain cases.