Spin Seminario L'Aquila - Analisi Termica
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Thermal Analysis of Electric Motors for Automotive Applications - Seminario Spin all'Università dell'Aquila su software, elettrificazione e nuove frontiere della ricerca
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Okay, here are the steps to calculate the transfer function:
1) Write the armature current equation:
Ia(s) = Va(s) / (Ra + sLa)
2) Write the torque equation:
Tm(s) = KtIa(s)
3) Write the angular displacement equation:
θm(s) = 1/Js2 + De/Js
4) Write the back EMF equation:
Vb(s) = Kbθm(s)
5) Substitute the equations into each other to get the overall transfer function:
θm(s) / Va(s) = KtKb / [Js
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An energy meter measures the amount of electrical energy consumed. It works by using magnetic fields to rotate an aluminum disk, whose rotation is proportional to energy usage. The disk's rotation is retarded by permanent magnets to prevent over-rotation. Its movement is registered by mechanical counters displaying the energy consumed. Traditional meters have drawbacks like friction and flux inaccuracies over time. Smart meters provide more accuracy, longer life, and digital displays to address these issues.
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This document summarizes the construction and operating principles of an induction-type energy meter. The meter uses two coils - a current coil and a pressure coil - to produce rotating magnetic fields that interact with eddy currents in a disc, causing the disc to rotate. The number of revolutions of the disc corresponds to the amount of energy passing through the meter. A recording mechanism connected via gears registers the energy consumed in kilowatt-hours.
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- How wind turbines generate electricity by converting wind power into rotational mechanical power using lift-type blades, which is then converted to electrical power by the generator.
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Okay, here are the steps to calculate the transfer function:
1) Write the armature current equation:
Ia(s) = Va(s) / (Ra + sLa)
2) Write the torque equation:
Tm(s) = KtIa(s)
3) Write the angular displacement equation:
θm(s) = 1/Js2 + De/Js
4) Write the back EMF equation:
Vb(s) = Kbθm(s)
5) Substitute the equations into each other to get the overall transfer function:
θm(s) / Va(s) = KtKb / [Js
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This document summarizes an experimental study on a miniature fabricated model of a maglev wind turbine. The study aimed to design and fabricate a model to harness wind energy more efficiently using magnetic levitation. Key aspects included designing the levitation system using neodymium magnets, designing turbine blades and an axial flux generator. Testing showed the maglev turbine started rotating at lower wind speeds than conventional turbines and produced voltages ranging from 5-60V, demonstrating the potential for increased efficiency of maglev wind power generation.
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This document discusses electrical motors and their classification and working. It begins by covering basic electrical theory laws. Electrical motors are then introduced as devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using the interaction of magnetic fields and current. Motors are classified as DC, AC synchronous, induction, stepper, and servo. DC motors are discussed in detail, explaining their inner components and working based on a commutator and brushes. AC motors are also explained, with alternating magnetic fields inducing current in the rotor and causing it to spin. Induction and synchronous motors are introduced. The document concludes with control aspects, noting that for DC motors speed can be controlled by varying the voltage.
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The induction braking coil works by shorting the circuit around the stepper motor pins when activated by a relay, which stops the shaft of the vehicle momentarily. The IR sensing circuit uses a 555 timer and relay switching to sense obstructions, activating one relay to stop the DC motor and another to energize the induction braking coil, providing two mechanisms to brake the hybrid vehicle model. The induction braking coil provides an additional braking mechanism to the vehicle by shorting the stepper motor when a relay is triggered by the IR sensing circuit.
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This document discusses solid state relays (SSRs) and their applications. It begins by explaining the differences between SSRs and mechanical relays, then lists some key features of SSRs like long life, noiseless operation, high reliability, and ability to control high loads. Applications mentioned include motor control, electric heating, home appliances, stage lighting, magnetic valves, industrial control equipment, electric vehicles, and custom intelligent modules. Two specific SSR products are described - a car preheating control SSR and a functional motor reversing module. It concludes by providing contact information for the manufacturer.
DC Motor Model
The document discusses a student project to design and build a DC motor. It includes sections on the motor model, materials and costs, specifications of the brush motor designed, and background information on DC motors and their operation. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of DC motors and AC motors.
Comparative Study of Multiphase and Three Phase Induction PAPER PPT.pptx
Induction motor are also called AC electric motor and the rotating torque in the
rotor is obtained due to electromagnetic induction in the rotating magnetic field of
the stator winding. As they operate at speed less than synchronous speed these
motor are also referred as asynchronous motor
Advantages and Disadvatages of AC/DC Motor
Simple explanation on advantages and disadvantages of AC and DC motor. Focusing on main point only since the slides is for presentation. Originally design by me.
Similar to Spin Seminario L'Aquila - Analisi Termica (20)
Comparative Study of Multiphase and Three Phase Induction PAPER PPT.pptx
Comparative Study of Multiphase and Three Phase Induction PAPER PPT.pptx
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AadiShakti Projects ( Asp Cranes ) Raipur
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多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
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— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
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Digital Fleet Management - Why Your Business Need It?
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
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一比一原版(AIS毕业证)奥克兰商学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
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如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
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4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
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我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助奥克兰商学院同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救奥克兰商学院失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救奥克兰商学院一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生奥克兰商学院的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车方
What do the symbols on vehicle dashboard mean?
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill Roads
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
EV Charging at Multifamily Properties by Kevin Donnelly
Kevin Donnelly gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
一比一原版(UNITEC毕业证)UNITEC理工学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
UNITEC毕业证【微信95270640】☀《UNITEC理工学院毕业证购买》Q微信95270640《UNITEC毕业证模板办理》文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,《文凭UNITEC毕业证书原版制作UNITEC成绩单》《仿制UNITEC毕业证成绩单UNITEC理工学院学位证书pdf电子图》毕业证
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。嘿嘿的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州有
一比一原版(OP毕业证)奥塔哥理工学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
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如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到奥塔哥理工学院奥塔哥理工学院毕业证学位证；
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6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
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【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查奥塔哥理工学院奥塔哥理工学院毕业证学位证】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助奥塔哥理工学院同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救奥塔哥理工学院失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救奥塔哥理工学院一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生奥塔哥理工学院的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会顿时留恋起家乡的小河潺潺活水清凉无比日子就这样孤寂而快乐地过着寂寞之余山娃最神往最开心就是晚上无论多晚多累父亲总要携山娃出去兜风逛夜市流光溢彩人潮涌动的都市夜生活总让山娃目不暇接惊叹不已父亲老问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃可
一比一原版(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
原版制作(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Here's Why Every Semi-Truck Should Have ELDs
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
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Spin Seminario L'Aquila - Analisi Termica
- 1. Thermal analysis of electric motors for automotive applications
- 2. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Thermal analysis 2 Motors for automotive applications operate in a wide range of the torque-speed plane Lumped-parameter models are needed for fast analysis • Special motors and other devices sT Activate (by Altair) • Classical motors Motor-CAD (by Motor-Design)
- 3. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Lumped-parameters thermal models of classical motors using Activate by Altair and Motor-CAD by Mdl 3
- 4. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it 4 • Squirrel-cage induction motors • Permanent magnet brushless motors (inner and outer rotor) • Switched reluctance motors • Permanent magnet DC collector motors • Wound rotor synchronous motors • Claw-pole motors • Single-phase squirrel-cage induction motors • Wound-field collector motors • Synchronous reluctance (SynchRel) motors Available motor types
- 5. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Example: brushless motor 5 Radial view Axial view
- 6. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Steady-state thermal analysis 6
- 7. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Drive cycle calculation with vehicle model 7
- 8. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Duty-cycle transient analysis power graph 8
- 9. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Duty-cycle transient analysis temperature graph 9
- 10. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Thermal envelope (max 160 °C on windings and 140 °C on magnets) 10
- 11. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Lumped-parameters thermal models of special motors and other devices using Modelica blocks in sT Activate 11
- 12. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it INPUT DATA: POWERS Thermal models generally require power injections or withdrawals as inputs. Powers Temperatures Thermal model Power values can be obtained in several ways: • Directly inserted by user as input data • Evaluated by an electric circuit in Activate (e.g. equivalent circuit of an IM) • Read from a text file (e.g. “filename.csv”) 12
- 13. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Thanks to the txt/csv input file it is possible to take in account variable loss profiles vs time 13
- 14. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it PARAMETRIZATION In order to have a powerful tool for thermal modelling, the Activate model is fully parametrized: user has to insert geometric and physical data as inputs. 14
- 15. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Example: squirrel cage induction motor The basic idea is to radially and axially divide the motor, forming annular sectors each one with its own physical properties: 15
- 16. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Output transient temperatures: Motor-CAD validation Motor-CAD radial view Activate Motor-CAD Temperature[°C] 16
- 17. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Example: axisymmetric electromagnet The basic idea is to radially and axially divide the motor, forming annular sectors each one with its own physical properties: List of colors employed in the image: Blue moving core Red fixed core Yellow winding White airgap Green plastic sprocket Turquoise top disc Brown brass bushing Purple armatureR axis Z axis 17
- 18. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it Square-wave = 1 Electromagnet is turned ON Moving core is pulled down Square-wave = 0 Electromagnet is turned OFF Wide airgap between cores Activation blocks 18
- 19. SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche www.spinmag.it The thermal behavior of the electromagnet is influenced by ON-OFF state, as visible below.Temperature[°C] 19