The document provides an overview of black and white photography, including the history and components of cameras, fundamentals of black and white film, and examples of black and white portraiture. It discusses the development of camera technology from the camera obscura to modern SLR cameras. Key aspects of black and white photography covered include the use of aperture, shutter speed, depth of field, framing and lighting to achieve desired results. The document concludes by noting the continued appeal of black and white photography's abstract qualities.
This document provides an overview of photojournalism concepts and skills for students. It covers visual storytelling techniques, composition rules, equipment basics like lenses and file formats, and legal and ethical issues. It also offers coaching tips for student photographers and examples of organizing photos for school publications. Resources for further learning include online curricula, textbooks, and professional organizations.
This document provides an overview of photojournalism. It defines key terms related to photography and photo composition. The document outlines several compositional rules for taking photos, including the rule of thirds, golden triangle, and framing. It discusses ethics in photography based on the National Press Photographers Association code of ethics. Guidelines are provided for editing photos and writing captions. The document uses examples to illustrate photo techniques, ethics, and best practices for photojournalism.
The document provides information about photography including its definition, the basic parts of a digital camera, camera shots, elements of a good photograph, basic photography rules, and types of camera exposures. It defines photography as the art and science of capturing images through light using cameras. The basic parts of a digital camera are described such as the body, lens assembly, shutter button, and memory card slot. Different camera shots like close-ups, eye-level, and low angles are explained. Elements of a good photo like composition, rule of thirds, framing, lighting and exposure are also outlined. Finally, some basic photography rules around camera stability, backdrops, and candid shots are provided.
This document outlines the requirements for the Photography merit badge. It covers important concepts like lighting, exposure, depth of field, composition techniques, camera angles, and stopping or blurring motion. Safety is the first requirement, along with showing a current Cyber Chip. Later requirements involve taking photos that demonstrate various techniques, enhancing photos using software, and creating a visual story with 8-12 photos on a topic. Careers in photography are also discussed. The document provides detailed explanations and examples to help scouts learn photography skills and complete the requirements to earn the merit badge.
This document provides an overview of photography basics, including different types of digital cameras, camera lenses, and other key terminology. It discusses camera hardware like pixels and the relationship between aperture and f-number. It also offers tips for composing good photographs by considering elements like perspective, light, focus, location, and subject size. Finally, it provides guidance on uploading and sharing images through email and social media platforms.
Humanities: Introduction of PhotographyChelbert Yuto
Photography is the process of recording pictures by capturing light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically or electronically. Some key events in the history of photography include the first permanent photo taken in 1825, the development of the daguerreotype process in 1839, and the introduction of roll film and the Kodak camera in the late 1880s which made photography widely popular. Photography utilizes various elements, principles, mediums, genres, and techniques. Some of the most influential early photographers include Alfred Stieglitz, Felix Nadar, and Henri Cartier-Bresson.
Photography is the process of recording pictures using light or related radiation on a light-sensitive surface. The document defines key elements of photography like pattern, symmetry, texture, depth of field, lines, framing, perspective, space, balance, and color. It discusses the history of photography from its origins in the 1830s to modern digital cameras. Important photographers mentioned include Alfred Stieglitz, Felix Nadar, and Henri Cartier-Bresson. Principles of composition, simplicity, and dynamic symmetry are also covered.
This document provides an overview of photojournalism concepts and skills for students. It covers visual storytelling techniques, composition rules, equipment basics like lenses and file formats, and legal and ethical issues. It also offers coaching tips for student photographers and examples of organizing photos for school publications. Resources for further learning include online curricula, textbooks, and professional organizations.
This document provides an overview of photojournalism. It defines key terms related to photography and photo composition. The document outlines several compositional rules for taking photos, including the rule of thirds, golden triangle, and framing. It discusses ethics in photography based on the National Press Photographers Association code of ethics. Guidelines are provided for editing photos and writing captions. The document uses examples to illustrate photo techniques, ethics, and best practices for photojournalism.
The document provides information about photography including its definition, the basic parts of a digital camera, camera shots, elements of a good photograph, basic photography rules, and types of camera exposures. It defines photography as the art and science of capturing images through light using cameras. The basic parts of a digital camera are described such as the body, lens assembly, shutter button, and memory card slot. Different camera shots like close-ups, eye-level, and low angles are explained. Elements of a good photo like composition, rule of thirds, framing, lighting and exposure are also outlined. Finally, some basic photography rules around camera stability, backdrops, and candid shots are provided.
This document outlines the requirements for the Photography merit badge. It covers important concepts like lighting, exposure, depth of field, composition techniques, camera angles, and stopping or blurring motion. Safety is the first requirement, along with showing a current Cyber Chip. Later requirements involve taking photos that demonstrate various techniques, enhancing photos using software, and creating a visual story with 8-12 photos on a topic. Careers in photography are also discussed. The document provides detailed explanations and examples to help scouts learn photography skills and complete the requirements to earn the merit badge.
This document provides an overview of photography basics, including different types of digital cameras, camera lenses, and other key terminology. It discusses camera hardware like pixels and the relationship between aperture and f-number. It also offers tips for composing good photographs by considering elements like perspective, light, focus, location, and subject size. Finally, it provides guidance on uploading and sharing images through email and social media platforms.
Humanities: Introduction of PhotographyChelbert Yuto
Photography is the process of recording pictures by capturing light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically or electronically. Some key events in the history of photography include the first permanent photo taken in 1825, the development of the daguerreotype process in 1839, and the introduction of roll film and the Kodak camera in the late 1880s which made photography widely popular. Photography utilizes various elements, principles, mediums, genres, and techniques. Some of the most influential early photographers include Alfred Stieglitz, Felix Nadar, and Henri Cartier-Bresson.
Photography is the process of recording pictures using light or related radiation on a light-sensitive surface. The document defines key elements of photography like pattern, symmetry, texture, depth of field, lines, framing, perspective, space, balance, and color. It discusses the history of photography from its origins in the 1830s to modern digital cameras. Important photographers mentioned include Alfred Stieglitz, Felix Nadar, and Henri Cartier-Bresson. Principles of composition, simplicity, and dynamic symmetry are also covered.
Jamel gantt- Know More About Computer GraphicsJamel Gantt
Jamel Gantt has the abilities to report images to increase magazine and commercial techniques. She knows that many of us are distressing when expert with obtaining our photo acquired, but he has a capability of easily placing people at comfort to provide excellent, normal images.
Photography is used in dentistry for patient education, treatment planning, diagnosis, teaching, research, and communication. Key terms related to cameras include resolution, pixel, focal length, ISO speed, shutter speed, and aperture. Extra-oral photographs are important for documenting the face and include frontal smiling and relaxed views and profile views. Standardizing camera positioning, lighting, background, and patient positioning is important for documentation.
Depth of field refers to the area of an image that is in focus. Macro photography has a limited depth of field, and greater magnification results in a smaller depth of field. Portrait mode works best for taking photos of a keyboard because it uses a shallow depth of field, causing the background to be blurry. Depth of field is influenced by aperture size, focal length, and distance to the focus point.
This document discusses aperture and depth of field in photography. It explains that aperture, which is the size of the lens opening, impacts depth of field, with smaller apertures resulting in a larger depth of field and more of the image being in focus, while larger apertures produce shallower depth of field focusing mainly on close objects. Landscape photographers tend to use small apertures to keep more of the scene in focus, while portrait photographers often employ large apertures to focus on subjects and blur backgrounds.
EMC 3130/2130 Lecture Two - The Camera LensEdward Bowen
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of a camera lens. It discusses that the lens focuses light and controls depth of field and field of view. Lenses are defined by focal length in millimeters and f-stops, with normal lenses around 50mm, wide angle lenses under 50mm, and telephoto lenses over 75mm. Focal length affects field of view, distortion, and depth of field. The document provides examples of different lens types.
This slide gives you the basic information about the types of photography lenses used worldwide.
Image source: Google Images
*the content provided here has been copied from various sources. no authentication proof is available.
Depth of field refers to the range of focus in an image. A broad depth of field keeps a wide range in focus, while a shallow depth of field focuses on a narrow range. Understanding depth of field gives photographers more creative control over their images. Aperture, or f-stop, is the primary tool for manipulating depth of field, with lower f-stops producing shallower depth of field. Other factors like distance, lighting, and lens selection also impact depth of field. Shallow depth of field emphasizes a subject by isolating it, while broad depth of field keeps more of the scene in focus.
Lens filters can enhance photographs by modifying light entering the camera lens. They come in various types, including screw-on and drop-in filters. Choosing the right size, type, and filter factor is important to avoid negatively impacting image quality. Common filters include UV filters for protection, polarizing filters for reducing reflections, and color balancing and neutral density filters for exposure control. Filters also have uses in black and white photography to enhance contrast between tones through effects on sky, foliage, and other elements. Proper understanding and application of filters can improve photographic results.
History and current practice in Pinhole Photography. Physics of Pinhole Photography. Experiments with Thingify Pinhole Pro. Build a digital pinhole camera
Depth of field refers to the distance in front of and behind the point of focus that appears acceptably sharp. It is affected by the aperture, focal length, and subject distance. A smaller aperture, shorter focal length lens, or greater shooting distance results in a greater depth of field, meaning a larger range is in focus. Depth of field is used to emphasize or isolate subjects and suggest their surroundings. It is generally deeper in the background than foreground.
This document provides an overview of the basics of digital photography for a Boy Scout merit badge. It covers key photography terms, digital camera technology, understanding camera settings and features, taking photographs, downloading and editing images, and displaying and printing photos. It also discusses important concepts like exposure, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and how they work together to create a proper exposure. Additional topics include composition techniques, lighting, file types, and practicing with your camera.
Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears in focus in a photograph. A narrow depth of field blurs the background and foreground, emphasizing the subject. Depth of field depends on the distance to the subject and the aperture - closer distances and wider apertures decrease depth of field. The rule of thirds suggests composing images so that points of interest lie along imaginary lines that divide the frame into thirds, creating a more balanced and engaging photograph. Understanding factors like depth of field and composition techniques can improve one's ability to creatively capture images.
This document discusses different types of lenses that can be used with digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. It explains that DSLR cameras use a mirror system to direct light from the lens to an optical viewfinder. It then provides details on wide-angle lenses, standard lenses, telephoto lenses, and zoom lenses. Specifically, it discusses lens mounts, apertures, focal lengths and specific lenses like Canon's L-series lenses.
UV filters protect camera lenses from damage and dirt while also reducing haze. Polarizing filters darken skies, increase saturation, and reduce reflections. They have the biggest impact on water, sky, and color. There are linear and circular polarizing filters. Infrared filters allow infrared photography. ND filters reduce exposure for all wavelengths equally, allowing slower shutter speeds or larger apertures. They are useful for water movement, depth of field, and motion blur. Graduated ND filters transition from neutral density to clear across the frame. Variable ND filters provide multiple densities by rotating polarized layers.
Reflecting light means bouncing back light rays into the same medium after striking a surface. Some surfaces reflect a major fraction of incident light, while others reflect only a part and absorb the rest. Using a reflector can fill in dark areas by bouncing more light onto the subject from different angles. Faster shutter speeds can capture moving objects clearly by limiting motion blur, while slower speeds blur moving objects but capture stationary backgrounds more sharply.
Camera lenses come in a variety of types to suit different photographic needs. The major types of digital camera lenses are standard lenses, macro lenses, telephoto lenses, wide angle lenses, specialist lenses, and kit lenses. Standard lenses have a mid-range focal length similar to human vision. Macro lenses are designed for close-up photography while telephoto lenses provide magnification for distant subjects. Wide angle lenses capture a wider field of view and fisheye lenses use strong distortion. Specialist lenses create specific effects while kit lenses are basic lenses bundled with entry-level cameras. The type of lens used depends on the subject and photographic goals.
The aperture is the opening in a camera lens through which light enters. It is controlled by iris blades that open and close to regulate the amount of light. Aperture size is measured in f-stops, with smaller f-stop numbers indicating larger openings that allow more light. The focal length of a lens determines the magnification and affects factors like depth of field and background blurring. Together, aperture and focal length settings control the camera's exposure and creative options.
Black and White Photography - Anthony Nicholas GalloAnthony Gallo
Black and white photography can be more interesting than color photos because it focuses attention on the subject without distractions. It also allows photographers to emphasize drama and contrast through tones of gray. Black and white photos often have a nostalgic or timeless quality since it was the primary technology used in the past. While color can be distracting, black and white simplifies images and directs the viewer to key details through subtle variations in shade. Photographers should carefully consider when black and white best suits their subject rather than using it solely to seem more artistic.
This document provides an overview of black and white photography. It discusses how converting a color photo to black and white can simplify an image and focus attention on textures and patterns. The document also explains that exposing to the right, without clipping highlights, is important for a successful black and white conversion. Additionally, it recommends shooting in color and RAW format, then using non-destructive layers to fine-tune and perfect the black and white conversion.
1. Inuit are indigenous peoples who live in Arctic regions of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Russia. There are approximately 60,000 Inuit in Canada.
2. From the 4th century BCE to 1600 CE, Europeans viewed the Arctic and Inuit through myths and legends. Beginning in the 16th century, contact increased as Europeans sought trade routes and resources. Whaling brought further contact in the 18th-19th centuries.
3. In the 20th century, Inuit mobilized politically to gain self-governance and protect their land and culture. This included establishing territories like Nunavut in 1999 and organizations like the Inuit Circumpolar Council. Inuit now influence
Jamel gantt- Know More About Computer GraphicsJamel Gantt
Jamel Gantt has the abilities to report images to increase magazine and commercial techniques. She knows that many of us are distressing when expert with obtaining our photo acquired, but he has a capability of easily placing people at comfort to provide excellent, normal images.
Photography is used in dentistry for patient education, treatment planning, diagnosis, teaching, research, and communication. Key terms related to cameras include resolution, pixel, focal length, ISO speed, shutter speed, and aperture. Extra-oral photographs are important for documenting the face and include frontal smiling and relaxed views and profile views. Standardizing camera positioning, lighting, background, and patient positioning is important for documentation.
Depth of field refers to the area of an image that is in focus. Macro photography has a limited depth of field, and greater magnification results in a smaller depth of field. Portrait mode works best for taking photos of a keyboard because it uses a shallow depth of field, causing the background to be blurry. Depth of field is influenced by aperture size, focal length, and distance to the focus point.
This document discusses aperture and depth of field in photography. It explains that aperture, which is the size of the lens opening, impacts depth of field, with smaller apertures resulting in a larger depth of field and more of the image being in focus, while larger apertures produce shallower depth of field focusing mainly on close objects. Landscape photographers tend to use small apertures to keep more of the scene in focus, while portrait photographers often employ large apertures to focus on subjects and blur backgrounds.
EMC 3130/2130 Lecture Two - The Camera LensEdward Bowen
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of a camera lens. It discusses that the lens focuses light and controls depth of field and field of view. Lenses are defined by focal length in millimeters and f-stops, with normal lenses around 50mm, wide angle lenses under 50mm, and telephoto lenses over 75mm. Focal length affects field of view, distortion, and depth of field. The document provides examples of different lens types.
This slide gives you the basic information about the types of photography lenses used worldwide.
Image source: Google Images
*the content provided here has been copied from various sources. no authentication proof is available.
Depth of field refers to the range of focus in an image. A broad depth of field keeps a wide range in focus, while a shallow depth of field focuses on a narrow range. Understanding depth of field gives photographers more creative control over their images. Aperture, or f-stop, is the primary tool for manipulating depth of field, with lower f-stops producing shallower depth of field. Other factors like distance, lighting, and lens selection also impact depth of field. Shallow depth of field emphasizes a subject by isolating it, while broad depth of field keeps more of the scene in focus.
Lens filters can enhance photographs by modifying light entering the camera lens. They come in various types, including screw-on and drop-in filters. Choosing the right size, type, and filter factor is important to avoid negatively impacting image quality. Common filters include UV filters for protection, polarizing filters for reducing reflections, and color balancing and neutral density filters for exposure control. Filters also have uses in black and white photography to enhance contrast between tones through effects on sky, foliage, and other elements. Proper understanding and application of filters can improve photographic results.
History and current practice in Pinhole Photography. Physics of Pinhole Photography. Experiments with Thingify Pinhole Pro. Build a digital pinhole camera
Depth of field refers to the distance in front of and behind the point of focus that appears acceptably sharp. It is affected by the aperture, focal length, and subject distance. A smaller aperture, shorter focal length lens, or greater shooting distance results in a greater depth of field, meaning a larger range is in focus. Depth of field is used to emphasize or isolate subjects and suggest their surroundings. It is generally deeper in the background than foreground.
This document provides an overview of the basics of digital photography for a Boy Scout merit badge. It covers key photography terms, digital camera technology, understanding camera settings and features, taking photographs, downloading and editing images, and displaying and printing photos. It also discusses important concepts like exposure, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and how they work together to create a proper exposure. Additional topics include composition techniques, lighting, file types, and practicing with your camera.
Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears in focus in a photograph. A narrow depth of field blurs the background and foreground, emphasizing the subject. Depth of field depends on the distance to the subject and the aperture - closer distances and wider apertures decrease depth of field. The rule of thirds suggests composing images so that points of interest lie along imaginary lines that divide the frame into thirds, creating a more balanced and engaging photograph. Understanding factors like depth of field and composition techniques can improve one's ability to creatively capture images.
This document discusses different types of lenses that can be used with digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. It explains that DSLR cameras use a mirror system to direct light from the lens to an optical viewfinder. It then provides details on wide-angle lenses, standard lenses, telephoto lenses, and zoom lenses. Specifically, it discusses lens mounts, apertures, focal lengths and specific lenses like Canon's L-series lenses.
UV filters protect camera lenses from damage and dirt while also reducing haze. Polarizing filters darken skies, increase saturation, and reduce reflections. They have the biggest impact on water, sky, and color. There are linear and circular polarizing filters. Infrared filters allow infrared photography. ND filters reduce exposure for all wavelengths equally, allowing slower shutter speeds or larger apertures. They are useful for water movement, depth of field, and motion blur. Graduated ND filters transition from neutral density to clear across the frame. Variable ND filters provide multiple densities by rotating polarized layers.
Reflecting light means bouncing back light rays into the same medium after striking a surface. Some surfaces reflect a major fraction of incident light, while others reflect only a part and absorb the rest. Using a reflector can fill in dark areas by bouncing more light onto the subject from different angles. Faster shutter speeds can capture moving objects clearly by limiting motion blur, while slower speeds blur moving objects but capture stationary backgrounds more sharply.
Camera lenses come in a variety of types to suit different photographic needs. The major types of digital camera lenses are standard lenses, macro lenses, telephoto lenses, wide angle lenses, specialist lenses, and kit lenses. Standard lenses have a mid-range focal length similar to human vision. Macro lenses are designed for close-up photography while telephoto lenses provide magnification for distant subjects. Wide angle lenses capture a wider field of view and fisheye lenses use strong distortion. Specialist lenses create specific effects while kit lenses are basic lenses bundled with entry-level cameras. The type of lens used depends on the subject and photographic goals.
The aperture is the opening in a camera lens through which light enters. It is controlled by iris blades that open and close to regulate the amount of light. Aperture size is measured in f-stops, with smaller f-stop numbers indicating larger openings that allow more light. The focal length of a lens determines the magnification and affects factors like depth of field and background blurring. Together, aperture and focal length settings control the camera's exposure and creative options.
Black and White Photography - Anthony Nicholas GalloAnthony Gallo
Black and white photography can be more interesting than color photos because it focuses attention on the subject without distractions. It also allows photographers to emphasize drama and contrast through tones of gray. Black and white photos often have a nostalgic or timeless quality since it was the primary technology used in the past. While color can be distracting, black and white simplifies images and directs the viewer to key details through subtle variations in shade. Photographers should carefully consider when black and white best suits their subject rather than using it solely to seem more artistic.
This document provides an overview of black and white photography. It discusses how converting a color photo to black and white can simplify an image and focus attention on textures and patterns. The document also explains that exposing to the right, without clipping highlights, is important for a successful black and white conversion. Additionally, it recommends shooting in color and RAW format, then using non-destructive layers to fine-tune and perfect the black and white conversion.
1. Inuit are indigenous peoples who live in Arctic regions of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Russia. There are approximately 60,000 Inuit in Canada.
2. From the 4th century BCE to 1600 CE, Europeans viewed the Arctic and Inuit through myths and legends. Beginning in the 16th century, contact increased as Europeans sought trade routes and resources. Whaling brought further contact in the 18th-19th centuries.
3. In the 20th century, Inuit mobilized politically to gain self-governance and protect their land and culture. This included establishing territories like Nunavut in 1999 and organizations like the Inuit Circumpolar Council. Inuit now influence
Lines help guide the eye to specific areas of an image. There are three basic types of 2D shapes: geometric, like circles and squares; natural shapes found in nature; and abstract shapes which are modified versions of natural shapes. Form refers to 3D shapes that have volume and can contain solids, liquids or gases. Color, texture, depth, light, direction, mass, tone, value, space, balance, emphasis, proportion, repetition, unity, contrast, harmony, proximity, and variety are all design elements that can be manipulated to achieve different artistic effects in an image.
Lines, shapes, forms, color, texture, depth, light, direction, mass, tone, value, space, balance, emphasis, proportion, repetition, unity, contrast, harmony, proximity, and variety are key elements and principles of design that can be used alone or together to organize information, guide the eye, convey meaning, and create visual interest and readability in a design. These elements and principles affect the overall appearance, message, and effectiveness of a design.
(2014) Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples (I): First Nations and the Métis Nation (9...K-12 STUDY CANADA
This document provides an overview of Indigenous peoples in Canada, including:
- Canada's history is one of colonialism that has marginalized Indigenous peoples through the loss of land and imposition of Western ways of knowing.
- Contemporary Indigenous identity is linked to discriminatory policies of forced assimilation through the Indian Act and residential schools.
- Since 1969, Indigenous peoples have pursued legal and political strategies to strengthen rights to land and self-determination, leading to some recognition of claims and treaties in the Constitution but unfinished issues remain.
The document discusses guidelines for effective photographic composition, including simplicity, the rule of thirds, lines, balance, framing, and avoiding mergers. It provides examples of properly and improperly composed photographs based on these principles. The guidelines are meant to help arrange elements in the picture area in a pleasing and attractive way that draws the viewer's eye.
This is the first powerpoint in our unit on Injustices towards the native people of Canada. We will take two classes to cover it. It will be used as an aid for my lectures as well as displaying the questions for class discussions. Your homework is on the last slide of class 2.
This document discusses various photographic composition techniques including keeping the camera steady, following the rule of thirds, using leading lines, framing subjects, controlling depth of field, choosing different camera angles and points of view, and considering different lighting conditions like front, side, and back lighting. It provides tips for each technique and explains how applying these principles can improve photo composition and visual interest.
Canada has two official languages, French and English. The national symbol found on the maple leaf tree. Canada is known for its Rocky Mountains on the west coast and Niagara Falls, which over 12 million people visit each year. Popular sports in Canada include hockey and basketball. Canada is the second largest country with 10 provinces and 3 territories spanning 10 million square kilometers.
Canada has a population of over 32 million people spread across its 3.8 million square mile area, with Ottawa as its capital city. It has a federal parliamentary democracy form of government, and its population is 46% Roman Catholic, 36% Protestant, and 18% other religions. While Canada's literacy rate is lower than the US, its life expectancy is higher, and its official languages are English and French.
This document discusses the rules of composition in photography. It begins by quoting two photographers who argue that rules prevent progress and that there are no rules for good photographs. It then defines composition as the arrangement of elements in a work of art to form a harmonious whole. The rest of the document lists various compositional techniques for photographers to consider when taking pictures such as subject matter, camera position, use of negative space and the rule of thirds. It encourages breaking rules at times and ends by providing the author's Flickr page for more information.
This document provides an overview of key elements and principles of photography composition, including line, shape, space, value, texture, and color as elements, and emphasis, balance, unity, contrast, pattern/repetition as principles. It also discusses various compositional techniques like framing, the rule of thirds, simplicity, and considering the angle. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like balance, repetition, juxtaposition, and anti-composition. Tricks for better photos like filling the frame and leaving space for titles are also covered.
This document provides information about Canada, its capital Ottawa, and some of its major cities. It notes that Canada is the second largest country by area after Russia. It briefly describes some key facts about Niagara Falls, Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver. It also discusses the Inuit people, who live in northern Canada, and some aspects of their culture and way of life, including their use of igloos, kayaks, and dog sleds. The document concludes by mentioning the arrival of different European peoples to Canada in the 18th century.
The document provides information about Canada, including its official languages, national symbols, geography, capital city, natural resources, multicultural population, popular sports, winter Olympic host cities, notable parks and landmarks, mountain ranges, shopping malls, and natural wonders. Key facts mentioned are that Canada has two official languages, 10 provinces and 3 territories, Ottawa is the capital city, over half the population of some cities are immigrants, popular sports include ice hockey, lacrosse, skiing and curling, and landmarks include Stanley Park, the Rocky Mountains, West Edmonton Mall, and Niagara Falls.
This document provides information about Canada, including its provinces, government, economy, famous Canadians, symbols, and suggested student activities. It describes Canada's system of government as a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. It lists the country's 10 provinces and provides brief descriptions of the roles of the Queen, Governor General, and Prime Minister. It also gives an overview of Canada's economy, imports, exports, and currency. Famous Canadians mentioned include John A. MacDonald, Alexander Graham Bell, Wayne Gretzky, and Lucy Maud Montgomery. Suggested student activities involve writing or puzzles related to topics covered in the document.
This document provides an overview of photojournalism concepts and techniques. It covers topics like visual storytelling, composition rules, lighting, file formats, lenses, and legal/ethical issues. The document also provides examples of photo organization and gives tips for coaching student photographers.
1. Cinematographers control light and shape it to create the filmmaker's vision. They must also operate complex camera equipment.
2. A cinematographer must choose whether to shoot on film or video. Factors include budget, desired look, distribution method, and audience viewing experience. Film offers higher resolution but is more expensive, while digital is cheaper but lacks film's look.
3. Cinematographers consider screen format, lenses, exposure, depth of field, and lighting setups to best convey the film's story and tone through the visuals. Three-point lighting is commonly used to motivate scenes.
1) The document discusses different types of cameras including point-and-click cameras, DSLR cameras, mirrorless cameras, and more. It explains the technical differences between them in terms of sensors, optics, and mirrors.
2) It provides guidance on which type of camera to purchase based on one's budget and needs, such as a bridge or entry-level DSLR for beginners or casual users.
3) The document covers various technical aspects of photography like aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and lenses. It emphasizes the importance of composition and provides the rule of thirds as a fundamental principle.
The document discusses various camera controls for depth of field, close-up photography, and blurring including aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. It provides information on how different aperture settings and shutter speeds can be used to achieve different depth of field and motion blur effects. Instructions are also given for hands-on assignments involving manipulating depth of field and capturing motion blur through adjusting camera settings.
This document discusses depth of field and shutter speeds in photography. It defines depth of field as the area of an image that appears acceptably sharp, and explains that the three factors controlling depth of field are distance from the lens, f-stop, and focal length. Shorter focal lengths and smaller f-stops result in greater depth of field, while closer subject distance leads to shallower depth of field. Shutter speed controls the amount of time light can enter the lens, with faster speeds freezing motion and slower speeds allowing blur. Camera and subject movement can both cause unsharp images, so shutter speed must be set appropriately based on lighting and motion.
The document provides an introduction to basic photography elements, including the main types of digital cameras (compacts, DSLRs, and mobile devices). It explains the key differences between compact point-and-shoot cameras and DSLRs, noting that DSLRs generally have larger sensors that result in higher image quality. The document also covers basic photography concepts like exposure, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and white balance that influence light levels and color in photographs. It provides tips for taking good photos of groups and actions shots.
This document summarizes key aspects of cameras discussed in a Digital Visual Effects class. It covers the history of cameras from pinhole cameras to modern digital cameras. It discusses components like lenses, apertures, sensors, and image processing techniques like white balancing, demosaicking, and high dynamic range imaging. The class schedule and assignments are also outlined.
This document provides information on the course "HNC Unit 6: Practical Skills for Moving Image". The 15 credit course runs from October 2nd to December 19th and aims to develop skills in moving image production. Learners will develop abilities in using video and audio equipment, understanding client requirements, and completing productions. The course covers topics like camera basics, lighting, audio, pre-production, and editing. There are 3 assignments including practical assignments, a presentation, and an individual film production with written evaluation. The document provides details on the course schedule, learning outcomes, content, and assignments.
This document provides information on practical cinematography techniques. It discusses different shooting formats including standard definition DV and high definition HDV. It covers cinematography essentials like white balance, exposure, and focus, as well as aesthetic elements like composition, depth of field, and movement. It provides guidance on using tools like zebra lines to properly expose footage and technical details of lenses, focus, and techniques to manipulate depth of field and focus for creative effects.
Year 12 tv drama angles, movement and compositionsandraoddy2
The document discusses different camera techniques used in TV drama such as shot sizes, angles, movement, composition and focus. It defines terms like low and high camera angles, pans, tracks, and steadicam shots. Students are tasked with storyboarding, analyzing shots in a drama, and learning about the rule of thirds and how depth of field and focus pulls are used.
Year 12 tv drama angles, movement and compositionsandraoddy2
The document discusses different camera techniques used in TV drama such as angles, movement, composition and focus. It defines terms like low and high camera angles, pans, tilts, tracking shots and steadicam. The document also covers the rule of thirds composition technique and how depth of field and focus pulls are used to draw the viewer's attention.
Camera parts and function (Types of Camera)eldredlastima
The document discusses the key parts and functions of a camera, including the lens, aperture, shutter, exposure, ISO, megapixels, depth of field, shutter speed, aperture, meter, and different types of cameras like DSLR, point and shoot, as well as various camera settings and modes. It provides information on how camera parts work together to capture light and exposure an image, and the impact of settings on the final photo.
This document provides an overview of macro photography techniques. It discusses various macro equipment options like macro lenses, extension tubes, close-up filters, and bellows. It covers factors to consider like shallow depth of field, plane of focus, working distance, and lighting. The document provides tips on manual focus, background brightness, and using off-camera flash. Finally, it suggests various macro subjects and demonstrates a technique for increasing depth of field in post-processing by auto-aligning and blending multiple images.
This document discusses various properties of cameras and the image formation process. It covers topics like interior orientation, pinhole cameras, lenses, perspective projection, image digitization, focal length, depth of field, geometric distortions, chromatic aberration, and spatial resolution. Camera calibration is presented as a way to model lens distortions and derive intrinsic camera parameters. The relationship between aperture size and the resulting airy disk is demonstrated through examples.
The document provides an overview of key concepts for controlling light in photography including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and depth of field. It also discusses the tools all great photographers use related to light, composition, portraiture, capturing action, and moments. Guidelines are provided around photo ethics and when to use or not use certain photos based on content and context.
Camera parts include the lens, aperture, and shutter. The lens focuses light, the aperture controls the amount of light, and the shutter controls the exposure time. Exposure is determined by the intensity of light and duration of exposure. Megapixels refer to image resolution, while ISO relates to the camera's light sensitivity. Aperture affects depth of field and shutter speed controls motion blur. Modes include automatic, scene-specific, manual, and drive modes like burst which influence how photos are taken. Flash modes control the use of onboard flash.
- Meeting The TV/Internet Convergence Challenge - Improve Your Video Product...Donald Schwartz
Best practices in still camera & video production. Learn how turning off your video camera's auto functions can help you tell a more compelling, convincing story.
Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera to create an image. The document provides a brief history of photography from the first photograph taken in 1826 to modern digital cameras. It discusses key aspects of photography including camera equipment, composition principles like the rule of thirds, exposure concepts like aperture and shutter speed, the importance of lighting, and an overview of different lens types and their functions.
Here are two photos demonstrating different angles of view from changing focal length:
[PHOTO 1]
This photo was taken with a wide-angle lens around 18mm. It captures a large field of view and makes objects appear smaller.
[PHOTO 2]
This photo of the same scene was taken with a telephoto lens around 70mm. It has a narrower field of view and makes objects appear larger.
The perspective does not change between the two photos, only the angle of view changes based on the different focal lengths used. Changing focal length adjusts how much of a scene is captured rather than the perspective or point of view.
High speed cameras can capture events at over 1,000 frames per second, allowing finer details to be seen when played back at normal speed. They focus light onto an image sensor, converting the image into an electronic format. The document discusses the high speed camera available in the author's lab and its uses, including combustion research, microfluidics, and sports broadcasts. It also covers aperture, depth of field, CCD and CMOS image sensors used in high speed cameras.
2. Overview
• Powerpoint
– History of Photography
– Components of a camera
– Black and white Fundamentals
– B&W film photography
• Portfolio
– Print
– http://
janelladatu.carbonmade.com
• Sun Printing
– Inside: Layout
– Outside: Expose and Fix
• Conclusion
5. Thesis:
After understanding the mechanics of a camera and
the fundamentals of black and white photography,
not only will an appreciation for monochromatic be
created, but also, appealing photos will a result.
21. Calotype that allowed for multiple copies
Glass plate with smoother coating for clearer
22. Calotype that allowed for multiple copies
Glass plate with smoother coating for clearer
Collodion (wet) Process reduced exposure time to
23. Calotype that allowed for multiple copies
Glass plate with smoother coating for clearer
Collodion (wet) Process reduced exposure time to
Dry Plate Process increased convenience.
24. Calotype that allowed for multiple copies
Glass plate with smoother coating for clearer
Collodion (wet) Process reduced exposure time to
Dry Plate Process increased convenience.
Mass manufacturing of very thin celluliod as a
31. The Camera Body
• A light-tight container
• Designed to…
– Hold the film
– Provide a system of viewing and focusing.
32. The Camera Body:
Viewing & Focusing Systems
• Common viewing and focusing
systems:
– Viewfinder
– Rangefinder
– Single lens reflex (SLR)
– Twin lens reflex (TLR)
– View and press camera
(Hornstein, 13)
34. Viewing and Focusing Systems:
Rangefinder
• Contains two
mirrors
• Unlike viewfinder,
focusing is
necessary http://images.trustedreviews.com/images/article/inline/
2102-1.jpg
(Hornstein, 11)
35. Viewing and Focusing Systems:
Single Lens Reflex (SLR)
• Complex mechanism
used to allow for
through-the-lens
viewing.
http://www.vintagephoto.tv/saletradeimages/canonfx1.j
(Ang, 94)
36. Viewing and Focusing Systems:
Twin Lens Reflex (TLR)
• TLR cameras have
two lenses.
– Top lens- viewing
lens
– Bottom lens- taking
lens
http://www.freestylephoto.biz/images/prod/
30131.jpg
(Ang, 94)
37. Viewing and Focusing Systems:
View and Press
• Produce more detail
and sharpness by
using large film
formats
• Drawback: http://www.electricedge.com/gordon.coale/
extremely bulky photography/equipment/lfh/images/
speed_graphic-350.jpg
(http://www.ted.photographer.org.uk/camera_types.htm)
45. • Aperture: an
adjustable hole
that allows light
through.
Name used to
indicate the
aperture size
opening
(Hornstein, 22)
46. • Depth of field: the zone form the point
closest to the camera to the point farthest that is
SMALL
DEPTH OF
LARGE
DEPTH OF
47. • Depth of field: the zone form the point
closest to the camera to the point farthest that is
SMALL
DEPTH OF
-
Aperture
LARGE
DEPTH OF
48. • Depth of field: the zone form the point
closest to the camera to the point farthest that is
SMALL
DEPTH OF
-
-
Aperture
Distance
LARGE
DEPTH OF
49. • Depth of field: the zone form the point
closest to the camera to the point farthest that is
SMALL
DEPTH OF
-
-
Aperture
-Focal
Distance
LARGE
length
DEPTH OF
50. Depth of Field:
f 1.4 f 22
Focal length: Focal length:
50mm 50mm
58. “It creates a
grayscale
map of
brightness
distribution
of the subject,
losing color
information in
the process
59. “Many photographers still choose to work
in black and white because they
appreciate its abstract qualities and the
way in which it removes the distractions
71. Sun Print Paper
• Step 1- Layout your design (not on the
paper)
• Step 2- Open the plates and lay your
objects on the blue side of the paper and
then cover with the plate
• Step 3- Let’s go outside! Expose the
paper (take of the top cover plate) and
allow it to sit in the sun for about 1-2
minutes or until you see that the paper
has turned a bit lighter
40
Photo: (http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1015/693204745_5067bccd3d_o.jpg)
-Dad’s hobby
-Grew up with it
-Brother’s ‘eye’
My FATHER had always had a liking to photography. He loves going to events and I believe it’s because it’s just another reason for his to pull out his big bulky camera and snap away. Seeing my father’s admiration for this little ‘hobby’ of his while I was GROWING UP also made me fond of photography. Not necessarily of taking photographs but of looking through photos and on occasion, being the one photographed. I was young and naïve to the art form behind capturing photographs. Also, my BROTHER takes such creative photos and my father always raved about how my brother has the ‘eye’ for photography, so out of the slightest bit of jealousy, I wanted to explore the world of photography, its past and present, in hopes of maybe uncovering this so called ‘eye’ of my own.
(http://caughtinamoment.net/album/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/DSC4849.jpg)
-Around every one of use
-Owe photography
-Understand = better pics
I’m sure that, nowadays, when people flip through magazines, sure, they may take some time and admire the photograph but are they the least bit familiar with the world of photography and how it came about? Imagine what our world would be like today had the invention of photography not come around. Now, I also believe that capturing an appealing photograph is a learned talent that first requires a solid understanding of the basics of the actual camera and other fundamentals.
-Color not same in b&w
-State thesis
Viewing our color-filled world in black and white is a difficult thing to do. What looks good in color does not always translate well to black and white. After understanding the mechanics of the components of a camera and the fundamentals of black and white photography, not only will an appreciation for monochromatic be built, but also overall appealing photos will be resulted.
Tiphaigne de la Roche
-Gilphantie
-Died 1778. Decades before first photograph
Way before photography was possible, Roche wrote a story where it was possible to capture images from nature on a canvas which had been coated with a sticky substance. This substance, so the tale goes, would not only provide a mirror image on the sticky canvas but would retain it. After it dries, the image would be permanent.
Roche died a few decades before he could have witnessed his story turn from fiction to reality.
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_John_Herschel_with_Cap_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_%28detail%29.jpg)
Sir John Herschel
Term first used in 1839
Derived from Greek words for (PHOTOS) light and (GRAPHIA) drawing
The word photography was first used by Sir John Herschel in 1839.
He also coined the terms “positive” and “negative” in this context and “snap-shot”
(http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lt/lt204/camera_obscura.gif)
Two Important Discoveries
Two scientific processes that allowed photography to be possible
Optical
Camera Obscura by da Vinci
Chemical
Some colors/chemicals are bleached in the sun
Camera Obscura- the light from the image on one side of a wall with tiny hole will be flipped on the other side
Camera Obscura
(Latin for dark chamber). It is a dark room or a box with a small hole in one wall. An inverted image from outside the hole would appear on the opposite wall. This device would be used to aid drawing by tracing the outline of the image on a canvas hung on the wall and was considered quite significant in the development of proto-photography. (http://www.docstoc.com/docs/679539/The-Wonderful-World-of-Early-Photography)
Chemical reaction discoveries
Chemical reaction observed:
Robert Boyle (1500’s)- silver chloride turned dark under exposure, though he believed it was due to air rather than to the light
Angelo Sala (1600’s)- powdered nitrate of silver is blackened by the sun
Johann Heinrich Schulze (1700’s)- discovered that certain liquids change color when exposed to light
Thomas Wedgwood (1800’s)- while experimenting, he captured the first image, but had no way of making it permanent.
(http://media.ebaumsworld.com/mediaFiles/picture/684679/80668577.jpg)
Taken by JOSEPH NIEPCE in 1827.
Named ‘View from the Window at Le Gras”
Took 8 HOURS to expose
-1827 Niepce produced the first successful picture using material that hardened on exposure to light. This picture required an exposure of 8 hours.
-1829 Niepce and Louis Daguerre form a partnership
-1831 4 years from the start of their partnership, Niepce dies. Daguerre continued to experiment.
(http://classes.design.ucla.edu/Spring07/9-1/uploaded_images/first-daguerreotype-791116.jpg)
-Plates
-8hrs turns to half hour
-French gov’t buys rights to DAGUERREOTYPE
-Very expensive
-One copy
-1837 He discovered a way of developing photographis plates which reduced exposure time from 8 hours to half an hour. He also found a way to make the image permanent by immersing it in salt. He referred to it as the method of being able to capture a picture without the need of an artist.
-1839 The French government bought the rights to Daguerre’s ‘invention’. He named is Daguerreotype. The problem with it was that it was very expensive and only made one copy
-William Henry Fox Talbot invented Calotype which allowed for multiple copies of a photo.
-Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor coated a glass plate with different solution that created finer details and higher qualities in photos, but it was still too slow for portraits.
-1851 Fredrick Scott Archer introduced the collodion process with reduced the exposure time to 2-3 seconds from half an hour. First there was wet collodion but a problem arose with drying out.
-1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instead of glass as a bases for the photographic plate, leading to Dry Plate Process. *Turning point for convenience sake
-1860’s Manufacturing of a very thin celluloid as a backing for sensitive material begin
-William Henry Fox Talbot invented Calotype which allowed for multiple copies of a photo.
-Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor coated a glass plate with different solution that created finer details and higher qualities in photos, but it was still too slow for portraits.
-1851 Fredrick Scott Archer introduced the collodion process with reduced the exposure time to 2-3 seconds from half an hour. First there was wet collodion but a problem arose with drying out.
-1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instead of glass as a bases for the photographic plate, leading to Dry Plate Process. *Turning point for convenience sake
-1860’s Manufacturing of a very thin celluloid as a backing for sensitive material begin
-William Henry Fox Talbot invented Calotype which allowed for multiple copies of a photo.
-Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor coated a glass plate with different solution that created finer details and higher qualities in photos, but it was still too slow for portraits.
-1851 Fredrick Scott Archer introduced the collodion process with reduced the exposure time to 2-3 seconds from half an hour. First there was wet collodion but a problem arose with drying out.
-1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instead of glass as a bases for the photographic plate, leading to Dry Plate Process. *Turning point for convenience sake
-1860’s Manufacturing of a very thin celluloid as a backing for sensitive material begin
-William Henry Fox Talbot invented Calotype which allowed for multiple copies of a photo.
-Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor coated a glass plate with different solution that created finer details and higher qualities in photos, but it was still too slow for portraits.
-1851 Fredrick Scott Archer introduced the collodion process with reduced the exposure time to 2-3 seconds from half an hour. First there was wet collodion but a problem arose with drying out.
-1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instead of glass as a bases for the photographic plate, leading to Dry Plate Process. *Turning point for convenience sake
-1860’s Manufacturing of a very thin celluloid as a backing for sensitive material begin
-William Henry Fox Talbot invented Calotype which allowed for multiple copies of a photo.
-Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor coated a glass plate with different solution that created finer details and higher qualities in photos, but it was still too slow for portraits.
-1851 Fredrick Scott Archer introduced the collodion process with reduced the exposure time to 2-3 seconds from half an hour. First there was wet collodion but a problem arose with drying out.
-1871 Dr. Richard Maddox discovered a way of using gelatin instead of glass as a bases for the photographic plate, leading to Dry Plate Process. *Turning point for convenience sake
-1860’s Manufacturing of a very thin celluloid as a backing for sensitive material begin
(http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/e/4/kodak_camera.jpg)
George Eastman changed the world of photography. Not only did he make it more convenient with the introduction of flexible film, up until this point, photos were taken with the portable dark tents that the photographer stuck their heads in to snap a photograph. He introduced the box camera that no longer required the dark tents. He changed his company to Kodak after the introduction of the box camera because every photograph snapped with the box camera made a ‘koh-dak’ sound.
(http://www.kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/1878.jhtml?pq-path=2699)
Owned a dry plate company
1884
Introduced flexible film
1888
Introduced the box camera
Kodak was born
(http://flickrcc.bluemountains.net/index.php?terms=camera+b%26w&edit=yes&page=1)
-The body is the light-tight container designed to hold film and to provide a system of view and focusing.
-The lens serves three basic function. It provides a way to control the components that vary a photograph: the focus, depth of field, and the amount of light
-The shutter protects the film from being constantly exposed to light. It acts as the barrier.
(http://flickrcc.bluemountains.net/index.php?terms=camera+b%26w&edit=yes&page=1)
-The body is the light-tight container designed to hold film and to provide a system of view and focusing.
-The lens serves three basic function. It provides a way to control the components that vary a photograph: the focus, depth of field, and the amount of light
-The shutter protects the film from being constantly exposed to light. It acts as the barrier.
(http://flickrcc.bluemountains.net/index.php?terms=camera+b%26w&edit=yes&page=1)
-The body is the light-tight container designed to hold film and to provide a system of view and focusing.
-The lens serves three basic function. It provides a way to control the components that vary a photograph: the focus, depth of field, and the amount of light
-The shutter protects the film from being constantly exposed to light. It acts as the barrier.
The container MUST be light-tight of the light that seeps through will expose the film before it is actually used, which will in turn ruin the photographs on the role of film. The body is basically the house that holds the film and allows for a system of viewing and focusing. The film will be where the photos are documented and the system of viewing and focusing will allow for more control over the actual photographs.
The film that the camera holds is different depending on the camera. It also sometimes classifies the camera according to the film they use. The films vary in type and size, film format, and the number of exposures. The film format refers to the size of the actual negative and the number of exposures refers to the number of photographs one package of film can take. (Hornstein, 11)
A viewing system provides a means of seeing what the film will record. In other words, it will show the photographer what the picture will look like. A focusing system provides a method of creating a sharp and clear image on the film.
Viewfinder cameras have a simple viewer and no focusing system. The viewer indicates approximately what the final picture will look like. The focusing is generally fixed and cannot be adjusted. This camera is very simple and generally inexpensive. Because of it’s limited control, this type of camera offered little or no control of exposure. Because the viewfinder and the actual lens are not in the same location, what is seen through the viewfinder will not be what is transferred to the film.
Rangefinder-The images in a rangefinder camera is viewed through a glass viewer, generally located on the top of the camera and to the left of the lens. In the viewer, there is a white rectangle that shows what the lens sees. Unlike the viewfinder camera, in a rangefinder, there are two mirrors that reflect the image seen through the lens up to the viewer. The image enters in two places; the first mirror turns on a pivot as the lens is focused. The image form the first mirror reflects off the second mirror and through the viewer. The image is superimposed (laid over top one another) over a second image that enters directly through the viewer. As the lens is focused the mirror turns in such a way that the two images overlap perfectly and become one.
SLR-Single lens reflex cameras (also known as SLR cameras) have a more direct system of viewing and focusing. The subject is viewed in the viewer directly through the lens, showing exactly what the lens see which is how it differs from viewfinder and rangefinder cameras. When the picture is taken, the mirror between the lens and film swings upward, allowing the film to be exposed. The image enters through the lens, is reflected off a mirror, and moves upward to a ground glass. By turning the lens, the image becomes focused onto the ground glass. The image is seen by looking through the viewer to a mirror that leads down to the ground glass.
TRL-Twin lens reflex cameras have two separate lens; one on top of each other. The top lens is the viewing lens and the bottom lens is the lens that takes the photograph. It is the lens responsible for developing the film, The camera body is comprised of two main chambers, one lens in each. Light enters through the top lens and is reflects up by a fixed mirror to a viewing screen. The image will appear to be flipped. At the same time, the image is viewed through the bottom lens and directly exposes the film.
View and Press- View and press cameras are generally only used by serious amateurs and working professionals. These cameras produce sharper, more detailed because larger negatives produce more detail and sharpness than small negatives and these cameras use a larger film format, meaning the size of the negatives are large. A tripod is a necessity, making it impossible for candid and fast-action photography.
Photo: (http://www.digitalphotographysecrets.com/images/camera%20lens%20up%20close.JPG)
The camera lens is a necessary part of a camera that allows the photographer to have more control over various components that make up a photograph. 3 basic function
Controlling the focus
Controlling the amount of light
Controlling the depth of field
The focus on a photograph is important to showcase what part of the photo the viewer should focus their attention on. Being able to control the light is another important aspect of capturing photographs, as well as the depth of field (or the amount of the photograph is in clear focus)
(Hornstein, 21)
Photo: (http://www.digitalphotographysecrets.com/images/camera%20lens%20up%20close.JPG)
The camera lens is a necessary part of a camera that allows the photographer to have more control over various components that make up a photograph. 3 basic function
Controlling the focus
Controlling the amount of light
Controlling the depth of field
The focus on a photograph is important to showcase what part of the photo the viewer should focus their attention on. Being able to control the light is another important aspect of capturing photographs, as well as the depth of field (or the amount of the photograph is in clear focus)
(Hornstein, 21)
Photo: (http://www.digitalphotographysecrets.com/images/camera%20lens%20up%20close.JPG)
The camera lens is a necessary part of a camera that allows the photographer to have more control over various components that make up a photograph. 3 basic function
Controlling the focus
Controlling the amount of light
Controlling the depth of field
The focus on a photograph is important to showcase what part of the photo the viewer should focus their attention on. Being able to control the light is another important aspect of capturing photographs, as well as the depth of field (or the amount of the photograph is in clear focus)
(Hornstein, 21)
Lens controls focus.
Focusing the camera requires a change in the distance from the lens to the film. The closer the subject is, the further the lens has to be from the film and when the subject is furthers, the lens must move closer to the film. In most 35mm cameras, the focus can simply be adjusted by turning a ring that moves the lens back and forth. In view and press cameras, the bellows of cotton separate the lens from the film. They can be adjusted, stretching and contracting to focus the image.
Lens- Controlling the Amount of Light
-very important
----too much= washed out
----not enough= dark
Being about to control the amount of light that reacts with the film is very important. Too much light will produce a washed out photo while not enough light will produce a very dark photo. In every lens, there is an aperture which allows for greater control over the amount of light that enters the lens.
The lens controls the amount of light that hits the film by using the aperture.
(Hornstein, 21)
Lens- Controlling the Amount of Light: Aperture
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aperures.jpg)
(http://www.shortcourses.com/images/b4ch1/aperture.jpg)
Every lens has an adjustable hole that allows light through called an aperture. There are several aperture choices: the aperture can be opened wide to let in more light or closed small to keep out light. This is extremely important since the amount of light traveling through to the film must be correct.
(click)
f-stop
-larger number= smaller hole
-‘set’ numbers. Setting doubles amount of light from prev.
F-stop is the designation used to indicate the aperture opening of the lens. The larger the f-stop number, the smaller the aperture opening; the smaller the number, the larger the opening. A lens set at f 2 will allow much more light through than a lens set at f 16. These ‘set’ numbers are important because each f-stop setting doubles the amount of light let through the lens of the previous setting.
The depth of field is the amount of depth the photograph will focus on. Under some circumstances, it is more appropriate to have the whole frame in focus, while other circumstances will create a more appealing photograph if only a small amount of the photograph is in focus. The depth of field can be controlled by changing the f-stop, the actual distance from the subject and the focal length.
(Hornstein, 23-7)
Dependant on the…
Aperture
Distance
Focal length
The depth of field is the amount of depth the photograph will focus on. Under some circumstances, it is more appropriate to have the whole frame in focus, while other circumstances will create a more appealing photograph if only a small amount of the photograph is in focus. The depth of field can be controlled by changing the f-stop, the actual distance from the subject and the focal length.
(Hornstein, 23-7)
Dependant on the…
Aperture
Distance
Focal length
The depth of field is the amount of depth the photograph will focus on. Under some circumstances, it is more appropriate to have the whole frame in focus, while other circumstances will create a more appealing photograph if only a small amount of the photograph is in focus. The depth of field can be controlled by changing the f-stop, the actual distance from the subject and the focal length.
(Hornstein, 23-7)
Dependant on the…
Aperture
Distance
Focal length
Left: small f-stop number= large aperture= small depth of field
Right: large f-stop number= smaller aperture= larger depth of field
Left: taken about 2.5 feet away. Small depth of field
Right: few yards further back resulted in a larger depth of field.
The f-stop and focal length stayed consistent
The focal length refers to the distance of the lens to the film
(draw range angle diagram on chalkboard)
The further the lens gets, the smaller the angle range gets.
The main purpose of the shutter is to protect the film form constant exposure. It also controls the time and the movement of the photo. Controlling the time refers to the shutter speed. The numbers are all under one in a fraction format but on the dials only the denominator is show so, the larger the number on the dial, the faster the shutter opens and closes. If movement of the subject wants to be capture, the camera must stay still while the subject moves while the shutter is open. (click) If you want the subject to be clear with a blurred background, you’d have to focus on the moving subject and move the camera with the subject. (click)
shutter speed: length of time the shutter is left open to expose film.
The main purpose of the shutter is to protect the film form constant exposure. It also controls the time and the movement of the photo. Controlling the time refers to the shutter speed. The numbers are all under one in a fraction format but on the dials only the denominator is show so, the larger the number on the dial, the faster the shutter opens and closes. If movement of the subject wants to be capture, the camera must stay still while the subject moves while the shutter is open. (click) If you want the subject to be clear with a blurred background, you’d have to focus on the moving subject and move the camera with the subject. (click)
shutter speed: length of time the shutter is left open to expose film.
There are two different kinds of shutters
-leaf shutter
older cameras had this until an uneven exposure was noticed. The center would be exposed longer than the sides.
-focal plane shutter
consists of two layers of shutters to ensure an even exposure
What is Black & White Photography?
“It creates a grayscale map of brightness distribution of the subject, losing color information in the process (Ang, Tom 202)”
-See reflected light
-Focus on texture (varying shades of grey rather than color)
-Instead of seeing the colors, you are seeing the amount of light that is reflected from the surface of that object. Light colors reflecting more light. Dark colors absorbing more light.
-Black and white photographs capture the different textures of objects.
That becomes the focus rather then colors
Appeal of Black & White
-Contrast/depth is the focus
-Textures distinct
Rather than focusing on the colors, contrast and depth become the focus. Textures that are often overpowered by colors become more distinct in black and white. Also, we all see the world in full color so black and white photographs, though sounding arbitrary since those colors can sometimes be described as plain and boring.
Other factors that make black & white appealing:
-Black and white film is cheaper
-Can tolerates more exposure/lighting errors than color film
-can shoot in a wide range of lighting conditions.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
Low lighting. The low lighting means less exposure which ends with low contrast
look for textures. Because the print will be monochromatic, the more texture you capture, the more captivating the photograph will be.
(http://flickrcc.bluemountains.net/index.php?terms=35mm%20film%20negatives&page=2&edit=yes&com=no)
Developing the film to create a negative that is then placed into an enlarger, projecting the image on the negative on to special photographic paper. The paper is then put through the developing process.
-Use can opener to open the flat end of the film canister.
-pull out roll of film. CAREFUL not to touch emulsion
-wind on reel
-place on post
-drop into tank with wider end towards the bottom
-place lid. point end down like a funnel.
Solution= 10mL/roll
68 degrees D76
Depending on film (read chart with film purchase)
Tri-X 400 (10mL D76)
Plus-X 125 (5mL D76 + 5mL water)
8 minutes (agitate and tap every minute)
water change 3x
Fixer (reusable)
3 minutes (agitate and tap every 30 secs)
(REMOVE LIGHT-TIGHT LID)
5 min water bath (change water every minute)
Perma Wash solution (1/4 cap full + 32 fl oz water)
30 sec (continuous agitation)
Distilled water+ one drop of LFN
30 sec (swish around)
gently pull film off reel
squeegee water off film
hang to dry
Make test strip
Developer 1 min
Stop bath 5 sec
Fixer 2 mins
Water 2.5 mins
Make print with proper time exposure
Repeat development process
-Coated with light-sensitive chemicals
-Water acts as fixer
The nature print paper is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which react to light waves and particles when exposed to light. When you place objects on the paper, they block the light and turn white while the paper around them remains blue. Water stops the process and fixes your images on the paper. Learn about the nature of sunlight and how light-sensitive chemicals work. From here, launch a discussion about how color photos are developed, as each layer of chemicals on the film react to photons of different color.