A study on earthen house

1. SPECIAL PROJECT- (CE491)
PRESENTATION ON
‘‘A comparative study on rammed earthen house
model retrofitted with different sustainable
reinforcing materials and their comparative
study’’
By 4th year 2nd Sem Civil engineering student
ICFAI University Tripura
1

2. Presenting by
AKASH DAS 20IUT0020028
TOPESH DATTA CHOUDHURY 20IUT0020027
DEBANJITA DAS 20IUT0020015
DEEPTANU KURI 20IUT0020004
TANMAY SAHA 20IUT0020048
TANMOY DAS 19IUT0010018
JEET DAS 20IUT0020007
SAGAR SHIL 20IUT0020051
Under the guidance of
Prof. Bipul Sen
THE ICFAI UNIVERSITY TRIPURA
KAMALGHAT, WEST TRIPURA

3. Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Objectives
Methodology
Materials
Fabrication
Laboratory experiments
Test results on reinforcement and materials
Work to be done
3

4. INTRODUCTION
 About 30% of worlds population lives in adobe dwellings, which accounts
20% of worlds urban / sub urban population.
Fig-1. Use of earthen construction across the globe (Source – Sen et al. 2021)
 The popularity of adobe houses is illustration by high proportion of adobe
houses present in different developing countries of Latin America, Africa,
Asia, middle east Asia and southern Europe.
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5. INTRODUCTION
TYPE:-
 THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF EARTHEN HOUSES:-
1. RAMMED EARTHEN HOUSE 2. ADOBE BLOCK HOUSE
3. COMPRESSED EARTHEN HOUSE
5
Fig 2 Fig 3
Fig 4

6. INTRODUCTION
 The Many Advantages Of Building With Rammed Earth
Include
1. Fire Protection
2. Thermal Mass
3. Noise Reduction
4. Strong And Durable
5. Low Maintenance
6. Load Bearing
6

7. INTRODUCTION
 Shortcomings Of Earthen House:-
1. Less resistance against wind, rain and flood action .
2. Easily affected by dampness or dry weather.
3. Less resistance against
seismic action
4. Musty smell when first
finished construction
Damaged earthen house (source – Google)
7
Fig 5 Fig 6

8. INTRODUCTION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Usually consisting of two parallel plywood panels, the frame is then filled in
with a layer is added, Rammed earth has been used in construction for
thousands of years.
 There Are Few Steps In This Process:–
1. Preparing The Site
2. Laying The Foundation
3. Analysing The Soil
4. Framing The Walls
5. Tamping The Soil
6. Finishing The Walls
8

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
NAME INVESTIGATIONS
Gao et al (2009) investigated the behavior of rammed earth wall reinforced with
bamboo cane under monotonic horizontal load.
Mostafa and Uddin(2016) experimentally analysis the behavior of Compressed Earth
Block (CEB) in consideration of banana fibers.
Ruiz et al (2017) also reported the seismic performance of rammed earth town
halls reinforced with confinement wooden elements.
Premadasa and Ashraf
(2018)
carried out an experimental investigation on compressed
stabilized earth block.
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10. LITERATURE REVIEW
NAME INVESTIGATION
Tripura and Singh (2018) conducted laboratory experiments on the cement stabilized
rammed earth column and steel reinforced column under axial
loading.
Mahdad et al. (2018) performed an experimental study to assess the mechanical
behavior of compressed stabilized earth blocks and walls.
Wang et al (2019) investigated the seismic performance of various retrofitted
earthen walls.
Malkanthi et al. (2020) carried out an investigation on compressed stabilized earth
blocks stabilized with lime and cement.
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11. OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT STUDY
 To assess the mechanical and tensile strength of locally used soil and
reinforcing strips/mesh used in various form and comparison between them.
 To investigate the seismic strength of scaled model retrofitted and
unreinforced earthen houses in consideration with openings through shake
table experiment.
 To investigate the ductility issues of both retrofitted and unreinforced earthen
houses.
 To assess the modes of failures of retrofitted and unreinforced earthen
houses under dynamic loading.
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12. METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT
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Collection of soil sample
Testing of soil sample
Collection of reinforcing material
Treatment of reinforcing material
with bitumen emulsion
Testing of reinforcing material
Fabrication of prototype scaled
model wall
Testing of prototype scaled model in
Shake Table
Comparison of results of different
scaled model

13. MATERIALS:
Materials:-
 Raw Material
 Local Lateritic soil
Reinforcing Material
 Jute
 Bamboo
(source – used for test )
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Fig 8 Jute bag Fig 9 Bamboo sheet
Fig 7 Lateritic soil

14.  Reinforcement Used
1. JUTE – from the jute bag we have cutout the specific sizes of jute sheet and
strips.
14
Fig 10 Jute bag Fig 11. 25 x 25 cm jute sheet Fig 12 bitumen treated jute sheet
Fig 13 uses of jute sheet and strips

15.  Reinforcement Used
2. Bamboo – Raw bamboos are collected to get strips and sheets are also collected
as a reinforcement.
15
Fig 14 raw bamboo sheet Fig 15 treating bamboo with bitumen Fig 16 cutting is specific sizes
Fig 17. 25x25cm sized sheet Fig 18. 50cm long strips

16.  Preparing Materials:-
All the soil should be mixed with water for test and also make the soil lumps
free. And this soil is collected form Ambassa, Tripura
16
Fig 19 Fig 20
(source – used for test )
making soil lumps free mixing with water

17.  Preparation Of Form Work :-
Plywood is mainly use for the frame work, and the contact surface with earthen
wall is covered by polyethene for easy removal.
17
Fig 24 rapping up with plastic Fig 23 setting up the outer wall
Fig 21 nailing along dimension Fig 22 setting up the inner wall

18.  Casting:-
Mixture of the materials should be pour in to the mould and set up the
opening cases as window and door cases.
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Fig 25. Mixing Fig 26. Pouring Material
Fig 28. Leveling The Top Fig 27. setting up the opening cases

19.  Test Sample :-
After drying of the sample then need to remove the outer wall at first and
provide the finishing to the wall.
Fig 29 drying period of the prepared test models
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20.  Test Sample of previous project which is without opening
Rapping the corners with the help of jute sheet and jute rope.
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Fig: 28 Fig: 27
Fig: 33 Without Reinforcement
Fig; 32 Horizontal And Corner
Reinforcement
Fig :31 Corner Reinforcement
Fig :30 Horizontal, Vertical And
Corner Reinforcement
Fig: 34 Horizontal And
Vertical Reinforcement

21. FABRICATION OF REINFORCEMENT
 Collection of reinforcement.
Jute sheet, jute rope, bamboo sheet and bamboo strips has been collected and
treated with bitumen.
 Preparing the reinforcement with the specific dimension.
Jute sheet and jute strips should be cut as per the size of the dimension of the
wall
21
Fig 35 Jute sheet Fig 36 jute strips

22. FABRICATION OF REINFORCEMENT
Bamboo sheet and bamboo strips should be cut as per the size of the
dimension of the wall
22
Fig 37 Bamboo sheet Fig 38 Bamboo strips

23. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
 TESTS ON SOIL:-
 Density Bottle Test
 Liquid Limit Test
 Plastic Limit Test
 Sieve Analysis Test
 Standard Proctor Test
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24. 24
(Source – Google)
Fig-39 Density Bottle Fig – 40 Casagrande Apparatus
Fig-41 Standard Proctor Apparatus Fig-42 Sieves
TEST ON SOIL:
APPARATUS REQUIRED

25. TESTS ON REINFORCEMENT:
 TENSILE STRENGTH TEST (UTM):-
Fig 43 Universal Testing Machine
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26. 26
TEST ON REINFORCEMENT:
 Tensile Strength Test On Jute :-
Fig: 44 Tensile strength test on UTM

27. 27
Fig: 45 Schematic representation of experimental set up in shake table
TEST ON RAMMED EARTHEN MODEL:
A device for shaking scaled slopes, structural models or building components with
a wide range of stimulated ground motions, including reproductions of recorded
earthquakes time-histories.
(Source- Sen et al. (2021)

28. TABLE 1: DETAILS OF THE SHAKE
TABLE AND ACCELEROMETERS
Component Description of Property Parameters
Shake Table Size of table
Type of actuator
Range of forcing frequency
Force capacity
Maximum displacement of table
0.5m×0.5 m
Electro-dynamic
0.5–10 Hz
9800 N
±25
Accelerometer Accelerometer I.D
A1
A2
A3
Maximum acceleration
and sensitivity
10 g, 98.85 mV/g
10 g, 97.98 mV/g
10 g, 94.66 mV/g 28

29. OVERALL RESULTS:
TABLE 2:- TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
Parameters Values Test
Relevant
standards
Specific gravity (G) 2.59
Density
bottle test
IS:2720 (part 3)-
1980
Liquid limit (LL)% 38.10
Liquid
Limit test
IS:2720 (part 5)-
1985
Plastic limit (PL)% 23.15
Plastic
Limit test
IS:2720 (part 5)-
1985
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30. OVERALL RESULTS:
TABLE 2:- TEST RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE
Parameters Values Test
Relevant
standards
Grain size (%)
Sand (4.75-0.075mm)
Silt (0.075-0.002mm)
Clay (<0.002mm)
10.00
61.40
28.60
Sieve
Analysis
Test
IS:2720 (part 4)-
1985
Optimum Moisture Content
(OMC)%
20.70
Standard
Proctor
Test
IS:2720 (part 7)-
1980
Maximum Dry Density (MDD) KN
per cubic m.
16.37
Standard
Proctor
Test
IS:2720 (part 7)-
1980
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31. 31
TEST RESULTS ON REINFORCEMENTS
N.B. – The numerical value within the bracket represents the percentage of
improvement of ultimate tensile strength (N/mm2)
Name of Reinforcement
Ultimate Tensile
Strength (N/mm2)
Percentage of
improvement in
strength
Untreated jute sheet 56.40 -
Treated jute sheet 68.40 +21.27 %
Untreated bamboo sheet 72.70 -
Treated bamboo sheet 93.70 +28.88 %

32. WORK TO BE DONE
 The present study can be extended considering various parametric cares
(e.g. variation of height and thickness).
 Study may be carried out considering opening in the earthen model.
 Cost analysis may be carried out based on this.
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