The lecture by Sadia Sheikh discusses spatial data modeling, covering types of spatial phenomena (discrete and continuous), their development stages (naive, transition, and professional), and types of data models (raster and vector). Discrete data includes distinct objects like roads, while continuous data encompasses phenomena like elevation. The lecture emphasizes the importance of data models in representing spatial information accurately.

1. SPATIAL DATA MODELING
Lecture no 3
Presented by:
Sadia Sheikh

2. • Types of spatial data phenomenon?
• Discrete Vs continuous phenomenon?
• Development Stages?
• Types of data models?
• Raster data structure?

3. TYPES OF SPATIAL DATA PHENOMENON
Two types of spatial phenomenon
1. Discrete
2. Continuous

4. DISCRETE
 also known as categorical or discontinuous
data.
 known and definable boundaries.
 Individually distinguishable
 E.g roads, lakes, building parcel etc.
 Independent numbers/ whole numbers
 Abrupt boundaries

5.  Also known as field, non-discrete, or surface data
 Represent data of a continuous nature
 E.g elevation, temperature etc.
 Range of values
 Spatial gradiants
CONTINUOUS

6. DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Naive Stage
Transition Stage
Professional Stage

7. DEVELOPMENT STAGES
1.Naive Stage: Objects to be conceived as point, line and areas to be
represented on a map sheet.
2. Transition Stage: Spatial description of objects was embedded in a
mathematical theory of space and the thematic description was
according to the modern data models of computer science.
3. Professional Stage: The Thematic and spatial description was
reformulated to comply with modern semantic data models of computer
science.

8. TYPES OF DATA MODELS
Data Models
Raster Vector

9. Raster data model
 Defines discrete and continuous phenomenon.
 Represents features as a rectangular matrix of
square cells (pixels)
 Useful for continuous geographic data such as
elevation, precipitation, and temperature etc.

10. VECTOR DATA MODEL
 Defines discrete objects Such as trees, rivers,
lakes, etc.
 Represents features as points, lines, and
polygons.
 Geometrically or mathematically associated.

11. THNAK YOU!