The document discusses span of management, which refers to the number of direct reports a manager can effectively oversee. It states that too many subordinates cannot be supervised effectively by a single manager. The optimal span depends on factors like leadership skills, subordinate skills, time available, work type, supervision level, and delegation of authority. The document also describes three types of relationships in management: direct single relationships between each subordinate and manager; direct group relationships where the manager interacts with the team; and cross relationships between subordinates.

1. RAJESH

2. 
Span of control, Span of supervision, Span
of authority and Span of responsibility are other
names for Span of manafgement.

It indicates the number of people directly
managed effectively by a single person.It is
accepted that the large number of
suboridinates cannot be supervised and their
efforts co-ordinated effectively by a single
executive.

3. Span of management means the number of
pepole managed efficiently by a single officer in
an organisation.

It implies that a single executive should not be
expected to give guidance to more people.Only
limited number of persons are allocated to the
exicutive for dividing the work or duties among
the workers.In order to avoide overburden to the
officers,it is essential to determine the span of
control of the exicutive officers.


4. 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The following are some of the factors which
influence the span of management.
Leadership qualities
Qualities of the subordinate
Time available to supervisor
Nature of work
Level of supervison
Delegation of authority

5. 1. Direct single relationship
Direct Single Relationship is one in which a supervisor has direct
relationship with his subordinates individually. If A supervises B and C
who are subordinates, there are two direct single relationships. It is
explained with the help of the following chart:
SUPERVISOR
A
B
C
SUBORDINATES

6. 2. Direct group relationships
In direct Group Relationship, a supervisor has
direct relationship with his subordinates jointly. It is
explained with the help of the following chart:
SUPERVISOR
A
CONSULTATION
CONSULTATION
ATTENDANCE
B
C
SUBORDINATES

7. 3. Cross relationship
In Cross Relationship, a subordinate has
relationship with another subordinate mutually. It is
explained with the help of the following chart:
SUPERVISOR
A
RELATIONSHIP
B
C
SUB-ORDINATES