Spain meeting october,2013

“RECYCLE TODAY FOR A BETTER TOMORROW”
(2012-2014)
CUMHURIYET ORTAOKULU
KUMLUCA-ANTALYA
TURKEY

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN
TURKEY

Renewable Energy in Turkey
Turkey has abundant reserves of renewable
energy, such as solar, wind and geothermal. The
benefits of exploiting these sources would be
enormous because of several resaons: By relying
completely on indigenous resources, renewables
would reduce reliance on imported fuels and
enhance Turkey's energy security.

• The environmental impact of renewable
technologies is far less than that of nuclear and
fossil fuel power plants however there are no
emissions of greenhouse gases or toxic wastes;
• The cost of electricity from some renewable
energy sources is already competitive with
many conventional technologies, and is
dropping rapidly;
• Renewable technologies have no fuel costs and
are virtually inexhaustible.

Turkey has vast untapped hydropower and wind
potential. Renewable potential in Turkey in MW
terms is 10000 Wind, 35000 Hydro and 35000
geothermal. Presently there are 150 hydropower
plants with combined installed capacity of 13.0
GW. Moreover, a total capacity of 3.0 GW is under
construction, and 20.6 GW more is in planning
phase.
According to Turkish renewable energy act, all
non-fossil based energy sources are considered a
renewable energy source.

Wind Energy in Turkey
• There is huge growth potential for wind
power in Turkey and Southeast Europe
(SEE). This key regional event will
examine the current and future wind
power markets in Turkey and the SEE
region, with in depth analysis and country
case studies.

• Turkey is the 6th largest electricity market
in Europe and one of the fastest growing
globally. The Turkish government and
authorities have made a strong push for
increased electricity production from
renewable sources and are increasingly
promoting wind power to bolster the
country’s power supply .

Turkey is the emerging market destination
for wind power investments and is also a
rapidly growing economy
This potential room for investment and
development appears to be huge and
growing, as new wind energy projects, and
ideal conditions to harness wind energy are
helping Turkey pioneer this sustainable form
of energy.
Amongst the top five fastest growing wind
markets, Turkey is on the list.

• Turkey has a considerable potential for electricity
generation from wind. A study carried out in 2002
concluded that Turkey has a theoretical wind energy
potential of nearly 90,000 MWe and an economical wind
energy potential of about 10,000 MWe. The most promising
region is in northwest Turkey, including the area around the
Sea of Marmara. Turkey is now encouraging the
construction of BOT wind power plants by private power
developers. The first wind power facility in Turkey, the Ares
wind farm, was commissioned in November 1998, and is
located near the city of Izmer in western Turkey. That
facility has 12 wind turbines for a total capacity of 7.2
MWe, and is owned by Gucbirligi Holding, Inc. The
Bozcaada wind farm, also near Izmer, went into operation in
2000; it has 17 turbines for a total capacity of 10.2 Mwe.

Turkey has a goal of deriving 2% of its electricity
from wind power. In 2000, the Government of
Turkey had offered a tender for up to 390 MWe of
electricity from windpower. About 25 potential sites
for windpower projects had been identified and were
undergoing evaluation, but the tender was canceled as
part of the IMF-induced economic policy changes.
Without the full sovereign guarantees that would in
effect result in government subsidies to offset the
relatively high expected cost of the power produced,
none of 17 windpower projects that had received
their BOT approvals have proceeded.

Hydro Electricity in Turkey
• There is about 128 billion kWh per year in
hydropower potential in Turkey. About 35 per
cent of hydropower potential is used to
generate electricity and hydropower plants
with an installed capacity of 11 billion
kWh/year are under construction. Many
private companies are developing small and
medium size hydropower projects.

• Turkey has an economic capacity of 128 billion
kWh per year hydroelectric energy
potential. However, Turkey is using 36% of this
capacity, currently generating 46 billion kWh per
year electricity from hydroelectric power plants.
Another 11 billion kWh per year capacity is under
construction by the private and the public
sector. Especially Black Sea region is rich in
terms of rivers and altitude. Most of Black sea
region which are hilly, it can be possible to
develop relatively higher heads without
expensive civil engineering works, so that
relatively smaller flows are required to develop
for the desired power.

• Turkey's geography, a rectangular plateau peninsula
surrounded on three sides by seas, is highly
conducive to hydroelectric power generation; Turkey
has about 1% of the total world hydroelectric
potential. There are many rivers in Turkey and five
separate watersheds. The Persian Gulf watershed in
eastern Turkey includes the Tigris River (known in
Turkey as the Dicle River) and the Euphrates River
(known in Turkey as the Firat River), which flow
southwest into Iraq and eventually merge and empty
into the Bay of Basra at the northern end of the
Persian Gulf. The Aras/Caspian watershed in eastern
Turkey includes the Aras River, which flows
eastward and whose waters eventually empty into the

The Black Sea watershed covers much of
northern Turkey, and includes Turkey's
longest river, the Kizilirmak. The
Mediterranean watershed covers much of
southwestern Turkey, where rivers either flow
south to the Mediterranean Sea or west to the
Aegean Sea. The fifth watershed covers the
region around the Marmara Sea, which
includes several smaller rivers. A map of the
major rivers of Turkey is shown below.

Geothermal Energy in Turkey
Turkey has one eighth of the world's geothermal potential and
is ranked 7th in the world. Turkey is located on the
Mediterranean volcanic belt which is one of the most
promising geothermal fields.
Much of this potential is of relatively low enthalpy that is not
suitable for electricity production but is still useful for direct
heating applications; at the end of 1999, Turkey's total
installed capacity for direct heating was 820 thermal
megawatts (MWth), of which about 390 MWth provided
heating for 51,600 residences, about 100 MWth provided
heating for about 45 hectares of greenhouses, and about 330
MWth was used to provide heated water for about 200 spas.
By 2010, as many as 500,000 residences could be heated by
geothermal power, which would represent the use of about
3,500 MWth.

Turkey presently has one operating geothermal
power plant, a 20 MWe facility in the Denizli-
Kizildere geothermal field in the southwestern
Turkey province of Denizli. The facility
includes nine production wells, and also has an
integrated liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) and dry
ice production factory that can produce a
combined total of 40,000 metric tons per year
of the two products. Another 20 MWe power
production unit is being planned for this
facility.

There are six other geothermal fields that have been
identified, all in far southwest Turkey, that may be suitable
for geothermal power production: the Germencik-Aydin
field in Aydin Province, the Çanakkale-Tuzla field in
Çanakkale Province, the Izmir-Sefirihiser field in Izmir
Province, the Aydin-Salvatli field in Aydin Province, the
Kutahya-Simav field in Kutahya Province, and the Dikili-
Bergama field in Izmir Province. The Germencik-Aydin
field may be the most promising of these as it has a power
potential of at least 100 MWe; a new 25 MWe power plant,
to be located near the city of Germencik, is in the planning
stages. Turkey hopes to generate 500 MWe from geothermal
energy by the year 2010 and 1,000 MWe by the year 2020.

•
Turkey presently has one operating geothermal power
plant, a 20 MWe facility in the Denizli-Kizildere
geothermal field in the southwestern Turkey province
of Denizli. The facility includes nine production
wells, and also has an integrated liquid carbon
dioxide (CO2) and dry ice production factory that can
produce a combined total of 40,000 metric tons per
year of the two products. Another 20 MWe power
production unit is being planned for this facility.

There are six other geothermal fields that have been identified, all
in far southwest Turkey, that may be suitable for geothermal
power production: the Germencik-Aydin field in Aydin Province,
the Çanakkale-Tuzla field in Çanakkale Province, the Izmir-
Sefirihiser field in Izmir Province, the Aydin-Salvatli field in
Aydin Province, the Kutahya-Simav field in Kutahya Province,
and the Dikili-Bergama field in Izmir Province. The Germencik-
Aydin field may be the most promising of these as it has a power
potential of at least 100 MWe; a new 25 MWe power plant, to be
located near the city of Germencik, is in the planning stages.
Turkey hopes to generate 500 MWe from geothermal energy by
the year 2010 and 1,000 MWe by the year 2020.

Solar Energy in Turkey
Solar energy is one of the most promising
sources because of the Turkey’s climate.It has
been calculated that Turkey receives sunlight
equivalent to roughly 11 thousand times the
amount of electricity generated in Turkey in
1996. Turkey has an average 2640 hours of
sunshine per annum and the average solar flux
exceeds 5.8 GJ/m2 annually.

Clearly, both photovoltaic and solar-thermal
systems could be used to great effect. Use of
solar thermal is already widespread. In 1995 it
was calculated that solar thermal generated
52,000 tonnes-of-oil-equivalent of heat.
Indications suggest that this could increase six-fold
in the next 15 years. The potential for PV
is virtually unlimited, and the price for these
systems is declining rapidly.

Spain meeting october,2013

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