The document discusses renewable energy sources and potential in Turkey. Turkey has significant potential for renewable energy from solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal sources due to its geography and climate. However, currently most of Turkey's energy comes from fossil fuels. The government has set goals to increase renewable energy and prioritize sources like solar and wind to meet rising energy demand and strengthen energy security. Turkey has abundant renewable resources that could be further developed.
3. Introduction
Türkiye is rapidly growing in terms of both its economy and its population. In
parallel, its demand for energy, particularly for electricity, is increasing fast.
Energy is one of Türkiye’s most important development priorities. Türkiye also
has a large potential for renewable energies.
4. Renewable in Türkiye
Türkiye has a population of more than 85 million people which projections
have determined will grow significantly over the next 50 years.Türkiye is
currently experiencing rapid growth in energy demand due to an increase in
domestic power consumption.
5. In order to meet energy demand, the Turkish government has prioritized the
adoption of renewable energy goals. In an effort to strengthen energy security, the
country is taking action to increase renewable energy in Türkiye and prioritize clean
energy sources such as solar power and wind energy.
6. Türkiye’s Renewable Energy Sources
Türkiye also has a large potential for renewable energies. The most important
renewable sources for Türkiye’s energy sector are solar in its various forms,
wind, biomass, hydro and geothermal. Türkiye’s geographic location has several
advantages for extensive use of most of the renewable energy sources. Solar
energy, which is quite abundant in Türkiye, can first be used to provide hot
water for domestic and commercial use at competitive prices as shown in the
rapid development of this technology in other countries in the region.
7. Biomass:
Biomass is the major source of energy in rural Türkiye. Biomass is used to
meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes,
fueling vehicles and providing process heat for industrial facilities.
The amount of annual biomass potential of Türkiye is approximately 32
mtoe. The total recoverable bio-energy potential is estimated to be about
16.92 mtoe. Türkiye’s annual biomass potential is given in Table. Türkiye’s
domestic energy consumption accounts for about 37% of total energy
consumption. Of this, about 52% are from biomass-based fuels.
9. Hydropower:
In Türkiye, electricity is produced by thermal power plants (TPPs) consuming
coal, lignite, natural gas, fuel oil, and geothermal energy and hydropower plants
(HEPPs). Türkiye has a gross annual hydro potential of 433,000 GWh, which is
almost 1% of world total potential.
10. As of November 2000, there were 120 HEPPs in operation, with 34 more
under construction. Ultimately, 329 more hydroelectric plants are projected to
make use of remaining hydro potential generation of 69,326 GWh per year.
The total electricity consumption peaked to 126.9 GWh in 2002. It is estimated
to raise to 265 GWh in 2010 and 528 billion GWh in 2020.
11. Wind:
Türkiye’s wind energy potential could not be definitely calculated due to the
insufficiency of available data. There are a number of regions with relatively
high wind speeds in Türkiye. The most attractive regions for wind energy
utilization are the Marmara, Southeast Anatolian, and Aegean.
12. Potential for wind power may be as high as 120,000 MW, with particularly
attractive areas for wind located along Türkiye’s west coast and in southeastern
Anatolia. Annual average wind speed and annual average wind energy potential
of various regions of Türkiye are shown in Table 3.
14. Advantages and disadvantages
As we move toward a zero-carbon future,
wind power, geothermal energy, solar
energy, hydropower, tidal energy, hydrogen,
and other renewable technologies are
becoming widely popular energy sources
worldwide.
15. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Renewable energy won’t run out. Renewable energy has high
upfront costs.
Renewable energy has lower maintenance
requirements.
Renewable energy is
intermittent.
Renewables save money. Renewables have limited
storage capabilities.
Renewable energy has numerous environmental
benefits.
Renewable energy sources
have geographic limitations.
Renewables lower reliance on foreign energy
sources.
Renewables aren’t always
100% carbon-free.
Renewable energy leads to cleaner water and air.
Renewable energy creates jobs.
Renewable energy can cut down on waste.
16. Conclusion
Türkiye has abundant reserves of renewable energy, such as hydro, wind,
biomass, geothermal and solar. Presently, Türkiye does not have any
demonstrated success in renewable energy except hydroelectric energy. The
market for renewable energy and energy efficiency in Türkiye is substantial.
Relevant bodies are currently carrying out resource estimation studies of new
and renewable energy sources for electricity production.
17. References
1. Kaygusuz K. Energy and environmental issues relating to greenhouse gas
emissions for sustainable development in Türkiye.
2. TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute. Türkiye’s statistical yearbook 2009,
TUIK, 2009.
3. Bilgen S, Keles S, Kaygusuz K. Calculation of higher and lower heating
values and chemical exergy values of liquid products obtained from pyrolysis
of hazelnut cupulae.
