Space X
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SpaceX's vision involves three phases: 1) Figuring out how to put things in space, 2) Reducing the cost of space travel through ongoing delivery services, 3) Bringing the cost of sending a person to Mars under $500,000. SpaceX aims to safely and reliably deliver payloads to orbit at much lower prices than competitors through transparent pricing, milestone-based development, and carrying risk themselves. They have innovated through reusable rockets using a single engine type, and mass production through vertical integration and newer manufacturing technologies like 3D printing. Key milestones include NASA contracts, crewed flights to ISS, and successful rocket landings.
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A disruption is on its way powered by deep mutations in the sector making old dreams now plausible like constellation and reusable launchers. In one hand, national space agencies now focus more on their advising roles. In the other hands, it gets easier to access existing resources and infrastructures.
Incumbents reassure their averse-to-risk customers by producing a low number of expensive high-end custom designs with a big emphasis on quality to ensure high lifespans.
Newcomers promise resilience thanks to distributed infrastructures of a higher number of low cost satellites (using off the shelf components). To do so, these pioneers use design to test approaches directly inspired from start-ups. They ‘hack’ technologies from other sectors with a ‘maker’ spirit and collect information from the ground with each generation of their products in a pure MVP mindset. First users of their own products, they make sure that the infrastructure they build is user centric and not technology centric. Doing so, they enable the next generation of space entrepreneurs to build new space applications (a few of which that might look like science fiction).
E. Musk’s project to build a martian colony will be build on these layers. His firm, SpaceX, looks like it is a step ahead the competition with its full logbook, its tremendous technological achievements and its soon-to-be vertical integration in space with a constellation. Nevertheless, there are a few technical hurdles for them to pass like designing a powerful enough rocket or proving its ability to get to Mars and come back.
Our conviction is that, alone, they probably won’t be able to gather the resources to build from scratch a sustainable colony with safe housing, adapted food production and low consuming ressources processes. When we see all the current benefits of the previous space programs, we are convinced that actors who will address these issues will be a step ahead to reap the fruits of the space conquest on their historical markets.
Sa08 Prop Depot Panel Jon Goff
Propellant depots in space can store and transfer propellants to visiting vehicles, enabling safer and more affordable operations beyond low Earth orbit. Key benefits include reducing the need for heavy-lift launch vehicles and allowing for reusable in-space transportation. Technological challenges include managing cryogenic fluids in microgravity and developing long-term cryogenic storage technologies. A commercial entity may be more likely to develop propellant depots than NASA, as NASA priorities are set by Congress rather than economic factors.
FINAL PAPER
This document proposes a modular, scalable lunar base to produce rocket propellant from lunar ice. Small interchangeable structures powered by fission reactors would mine water from ice-rich lunar regions using autonomous rovers. The extracted water would be processed to produce liquid oxygen and hydrogen propellants, which would be stored in insulated tanks. A reusable orbital tug launched from Earth would transport additional structures and rovers from high lunar orbit to the surface to expand the base's capabilities over time. The design aims to enable low-cost access to lunar resources and serve as a prototype for future Mars exploration.
Space x project
SpaceX provides cheaper and reusable rockets for satellite launches compared to other government and commercial launch providers. SpaceX has successfully launched rockets, landed rocket stages back on Earth for reuse, and delivered payloads to the International Space Station. SpaceX's competitive advantages include lower launch costs through innovations like reusable rockets, the leadership of Elon Musk, and an optimization-focused culture that attracts top talent.
CCCProgram_TIMM-COMSTAC_ 5-16-07.ppt
The document summarizes NASA's Commercial Crew & Cargo Program which aims to stimulate commercial space transportation capabilities. It details two commercial partners, SpaceX and Rocketplane Kistler, selected through the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) demonstration program to develop cargo and potentially crew vehicles. The partners plan cargo demonstration flights to the International Space Station as early as 2008, with a goal of commercial transportation services by 2010 to address NASA's resupply needs.
X-69
The document proposes the X-69 CargoSat space plane to deliver small satellites to low Earth orbit. It would have a crew of 2 and be able to carry 50 kg payloads. The space plane would launch from a mothership at speeds up to Mach 3.5-4.0 and deploy satellites in low Earth orbit before gliding back to land on a runway. Compared to rockets, the reusable space plane could provide more efficient and frequent delivery of small satellites without long wait times between launches.
GSFC_Servicing_Workshop
Aerojet is proposing electric propulsion technologies for in-space transportation applications. Electric propulsion can provide large reductions in mass needed for launches to destinations like the Moon, Mars, and Lagrange points. Aerojet has a history of successful electric propulsion flights and is proposing demonstrations of increasingly powerful hall thruster and ion thruster technologies. These demonstrations would prove capabilities like orbital maneuvering and autonomous rendezvous to pave the way for a fully operational cargo transport tug utilizing solar electric propulsion.
Microlaunchers Pitch Deck
Microlaunchers aims to make space more accessible by providing affordable small satellite launches. Their solution is a 3-stage small rocket that can deliver a 200g payload to escape trajectory or a 1U CubeSat to low Earth orbit for $50k-$65k, much less than the $125k typical for secondary payload launches. They project launching 300 small payloads over 5 years for $27 million in revenue, with 60% net profit. To begin operations, Microlaunchers is seeking to raise $600,000 for materials, fuel, engineering assistance, office/workshop space, marketing, and licenses.
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- 2. SpaceX Vision: Colonise Mars Phase I: Figuring out how to put things in Space Phase II: Reduce the cost of space travel; Ongoing space delivering business Phase III: Bring down cost of sending a person to Mars under $500,000
- 3. Source: Seeking Alpha Commercialisation Potential of Space:
- 4. SpaceX Model The business model is to safely and reliably deliver payloads to Earth orbit at a much lower price than competitors • Transparent fixed pricing; competitors lobby for opaque cost-plus contracts • Development is milestone based. Don’t ask to be payed up front; carry a large portion of the risk themselves The operating model: Product Innovation: • Designed LV to use a single type of rocket engine clustered together • Higher production volume; increased safety • Reusable Rockets; bring down payload cost/kg by a factor of 100 Process Innovation: • Vertically integrated factories to mass produce rockets • Newer tech: 3D Printing, Friction Stir Wielding • Simplified processes, reduced part counts, low costs, fewer failures Source: Harvard Business Review
- 6. Milestones… • In 2011, NASA retires the Space Shuttle programme • SpaceX holds $4.2bn contracts to deliver payloads in space and ISS servicing • Bagged the contract to send astronauts to ISS; presently NASA pays $70mn per astronaut for Russia’s Soyuz Capsule • Google invested $1bn in SpaceX; teaming up to beam internet globally • Successful landing of Falcon 9 on land(2015) and on sea(2016) • In 2016, Dragon Space Pod successfully attaches ISS; to evolve in Manned Space Taxi Source: Bloomberg
- 7. Low Cost Space Delivery Market: Falcon 9 PSLV Cost to build $62mn $16mn LEO Payload Capacity 13150 kg 3250 kg GTO Payload Capacity 4850 kg 1450 kg Payload Price/kg $4700 $4900 LEO: Low Earth Orbit; GTO: Geostationary Transfer Orbit • ISRO aiming to develop Reusable Launch Vehicle with payload capacity ~10,000kg by 2030; to bring down payload cost/kg to $500 • In terms of launch manifests: SpaceX > ISRO • SpaceX is fully vertically integrated thus reducing costs; ISRO outsources manufacturing to L&T, Godrej & Boyce and MTAR Technologies etc.