Stephen Thomsen looks at investment climate reform in Southeast Asia and draws lessons for the update of the OECD Policy Framework for Investment currently underway. This presentation was made at the Southeast Asia Regional Forum in Bali, Indonesia, on 24-26 March 2014.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
The Policy Framework for Investment (PFI) is a non-prescriptive tool for improving investment policy for development. It helps governments to design and implement policy reforms to create a truly attractive, robust and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment. The OECD is currently conducting a multi-stakeholder update of this instrument ensure its continued impact in a world that has significantly changed over the past seven years.
Find out more about the PFI and the update process at http://www.oecd.org/investment/pfi.htm
The OECD’s FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (FDI Index) measures statutory restrictions on foreign direct investment in 58 countries, including all OECD and G20 countries, and covers 22 sectors. This presentation by Stephen Thomsen describes the methodology used to calculate the FDI Index and how it is used as a tool for benchmarking countries, measuring reform and assessing its impact.
Read more at: http://www.oecd.org/investment/fdiindex.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Hélène François looks at investment law reform in Southeast Asia. This presentation was made at the 2nd meeting of the Regional Policy Network on Investment, on 9 December 2015.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
This presentation by Stephen Thomsen was made at the session "Investment policy reform and regional integration" during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented by Stephen Thomsen at launch events in Myanmar on the 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao P.D.R. is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
The Policy Framework for Investment (PFI) is a non-prescriptive tool for improving investment policy for development. It helps governments to design and implement policy reforms to create a truly attractive, robust and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment. The OECD is currently conducting a multi-stakeholder update of this instrument ensure its continued impact in a world that has significantly changed over the past seven years.
Find out more about the PFI and the update process at http://www.oecd.org/investment/pfi.htm
The OECD’s FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (FDI Index) measures statutory restrictions on foreign direct investment in 58 countries, including all OECD and G20 countries, and covers 22 sectors. This presentation by Stephen Thomsen describes the methodology used to calculate the FDI Index and how it is used as a tool for benchmarking countries, measuring reform and assessing its impact.
Read more at: http://www.oecd.org/investment/fdiindex.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Hélène François looks at investment law reform in Southeast Asia. This presentation was made at the 2nd meeting of the Regional Policy Network on Investment, on 9 December 2015.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
This presentation by Stephen Thomsen was made at the session "Investment policy reform and regional integration" during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented by Stephen Thomsen at launch events in Myanmar on the 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao P.D.R. is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented at launch events in Myanmar on 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao PDR is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/lao-pdr-investment-policy.htm
The Jordan Competitiveness and Investment project supports the Government of Jordan in strengthening the reform implementation capacity of selected institutions responsible for investment policy, promotion and services.
This presentation presents the main findings from the 2020 OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar. This publication will be launched at a virtual event in the presence of Myanmar's Union Minister for Investment and Foreign Economic Relations. The launch was followed by a high-level panel discussion on “Attracting quality investment and building resilience through responsible business conduct and international labour standards". http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-myanmar-2020-d7984f44-en.htm
Aung Naing Oo from the Myanmar Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development describes how the Investment Policy Review of Myanmar was based on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment. This presentation was made at the Southeast Asia Regional Forum in Bali, Indonesia, on 24-26 March 2014.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
This presentation shows the main findings from an OECD publication that takes stock of investment policy trends and reforms in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, and Tunisia, and draws out common challenges, offering suggestions of reform priorities. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/investment/middle-east-and-north-africa-investment-policy-perspectives-6d84ee94-en.htm
A strong corporate governance framework is essential for MENA economies as they strive to boost economic growth, strengthen competitiveness and build prosperous societies. The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises are a reference in order to build such a framework. This report assesses the corporate governance landscape in the MENA region by identifying challenges and proposing policy options for reform. The findings of the report are based on an analysis of policies and practices in four thematic areas: boosting access to finance and capital markets, improving transparency and disclosure, achieving gender balance in corporate leadership and enhancing the governance of state-owned enterprises in MENA. Overall, the report finds that MENA economies have made progress in strengthening corporate governance frameworks in recent years, but that the region still faces challenges in adopting and implementing corporate governance measures that support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability.
The 2020 OECD Investment Policy Review of Indonesia presents an assessment of the investment climate in Indonesia and provides recommendations to support the government in its ongoing reform efforts. The Review places great emphasis on measures to build a sound, transparent and responsible investment environment to support a resilient economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-indonesia-2020-b56512da-en.htm
Investment policy reform in Myanmar, presentation by Aung Naing Oo, Director ...Carly Avery
Investment policy reform in Myanmar, presentation by Aung Naing Oo, Director General, DICA, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, Myanmar. October 2013.
Thailand has had a remarkable economic development trajectory over the past 60 years and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been pivotal in this success. Thailand was one of the first movers in opening up to manufacturing FDI and in establishing proactive investment promotion and facilitation policies. While challenges remain in some areas of responsible business conduct, there is strong political will to address them. Thailand aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037 by upgrading to a value based green economy. Inward FDI will play a prominent role in achieving this goal but this requires a concerted effort to reform the investment climate to remain an attractive host to foreign investment and to benefit fully from that investment. While the COVID-19 crisis might temporarily delay progress, the policy recommendations in this Investment Policy Review of Thailand draw attention to potential reform priorities to help Thailand fulfil its development ambitions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and to contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable recovery from the pandemic.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-thailand-2020-c4eeee1c-en.htm
This presentation by Gioia de Melo (OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration) was delivered during the launch of the OECD Investment Policy Review of Uruguay on 12 July 2021.
Find out more at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-uruguay-1135f88e-en.htm
This World Bank Group-OECD presentation was made during their joint meeting on making investment climate reforms happen in April 2015. The presentation focuses on how collaboration between the World Bank and the OECD can enhance positive investment climate reforms.
For more information about OECD and World Bank investment policy tools, visit http://www.oecd.org/investment and http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/brief/trade-competitiveness
This presentation by Gerhard Scheuenstuhl & Christian Schmitt, RiskLab, was made at the OECD-Risklab-APG Workshop on pension fund regulation and long-term investment held in Amsterdam on 7 April 2014. Discussions focused on: long-term pension investment strategies under risk-based regulation; riskiness and procyclicality in pension asset allocation; and, regulatory challenges for long-term illiquid assets.
For more information please visit http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/private-pensions/OECD-APG-workshop-pension-fund-regulation-LTI.htm
In July 2020, the Investment Committee recommended to Council to invite Uruguay to become the 50th adherent to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This OECD Investment Policy Review of Uruguay documents the progress made in recent years to align investment policies with the national development strategy in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Review also assesses remaining challenges in improving the business climate, in particular the actions needed to establish an enabling responsible business environment and ensure full application of the Declaration. Uruguay’s success in attracting more and better investment will make its economy more resilient and better prepared to accelerate the recovery after COVID-19.
Find out more at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-uruguay-1135f88e-en.htm
This presentation by Charles Schneider was made at the session "Modernising investment legal frameworks: comparative approaches and successful practices" during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented at launch events in Myanmar on 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao PDR is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/lao-pdr-investment-policy.htm
The Jordan Competitiveness and Investment project supports the Government of Jordan in strengthening the reform implementation capacity of selected institutions responsible for investment policy, promotion and services.
This presentation presents the main findings from the 2020 OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar. This publication will be launched at a virtual event in the presence of Myanmar's Union Minister for Investment and Foreign Economic Relations. The launch was followed by a high-level panel discussion on “Attracting quality investment and building resilience through responsible business conduct and international labour standards". http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-myanmar-2020-d7984f44-en.htm
Aung Naing Oo from the Myanmar Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development describes how the Investment Policy Review of Myanmar was based on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment. This presentation was made at the Southeast Asia Regional Forum in Bali, Indonesia, on 24-26 March 2014.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
This presentation shows the main findings from an OECD publication that takes stock of investment policy trends and reforms in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, and Tunisia, and draws out common challenges, offering suggestions of reform priorities. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/investment/middle-east-and-north-africa-investment-policy-perspectives-6d84ee94-en.htm
A strong corporate governance framework is essential for MENA economies as they strive to boost economic growth, strengthen competitiveness and build prosperous societies. The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises are a reference in order to build such a framework. This report assesses the corporate governance landscape in the MENA region by identifying challenges and proposing policy options for reform. The findings of the report are based on an analysis of policies and practices in four thematic areas: boosting access to finance and capital markets, improving transparency and disclosure, achieving gender balance in corporate leadership and enhancing the governance of state-owned enterprises in MENA. Overall, the report finds that MENA economies have made progress in strengthening corporate governance frameworks in recent years, but that the region still faces challenges in adopting and implementing corporate governance measures that support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability.
The 2020 OECD Investment Policy Review of Indonesia presents an assessment of the investment climate in Indonesia and provides recommendations to support the government in its ongoing reform efforts. The Review places great emphasis on measures to build a sound, transparent and responsible investment environment to support a resilient economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-indonesia-2020-b56512da-en.htm
Investment policy reform in Myanmar, presentation by Aung Naing Oo, Director ...Carly Avery
Investment policy reform in Myanmar, presentation by Aung Naing Oo, Director General, DICA, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, Myanmar. October 2013.
Thailand has had a remarkable economic development trajectory over the past 60 years and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been pivotal in this success. Thailand was one of the first movers in opening up to manufacturing FDI and in establishing proactive investment promotion and facilitation policies. While challenges remain in some areas of responsible business conduct, there is strong political will to address them. Thailand aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037 by upgrading to a value based green economy. Inward FDI will play a prominent role in achieving this goal but this requires a concerted effort to reform the investment climate to remain an attractive host to foreign investment and to benefit fully from that investment. While the COVID-19 crisis might temporarily delay progress, the policy recommendations in this Investment Policy Review of Thailand draw attention to potential reform priorities to help Thailand fulfil its development ambitions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and to contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable recovery from the pandemic.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-thailand-2020-c4eeee1c-en.htm
This presentation by Gioia de Melo (OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration) was delivered during the launch of the OECD Investment Policy Review of Uruguay on 12 July 2021.
Find out more at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-uruguay-1135f88e-en.htm
This World Bank Group-OECD presentation was made during their joint meeting on making investment climate reforms happen in April 2015. The presentation focuses on how collaboration between the World Bank and the OECD can enhance positive investment climate reforms.
For more information about OECD and World Bank investment policy tools, visit http://www.oecd.org/investment and http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/brief/trade-competitiveness
This presentation by Gerhard Scheuenstuhl & Christian Schmitt, RiskLab, was made at the OECD-Risklab-APG Workshop on pension fund regulation and long-term investment held in Amsterdam on 7 April 2014. Discussions focused on: long-term pension investment strategies under risk-based regulation; riskiness and procyclicality in pension asset allocation; and, regulatory challenges for long-term illiquid assets.
For more information please visit http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/private-pensions/OECD-APG-workshop-pension-fund-regulation-LTI.htm
In July 2020, the Investment Committee recommended to Council to invite Uruguay to become the 50th adherent to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This OECD Investment Policy Review of Uruguay documents the progress made in recent years to align investment policies with the national development strategy in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Review also assesses remaining challenges in improving the business climate, in particular the actions needed to establish an enabling responsible business environment and ensure full application of the Declaration. Uruguay’s success in attracting more and better investment will make its economy more resilient and better prepared to accelerate the recovery after COVID-19.
Find out more at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-uruguay-1135f88e-en.htm
This presentation by Charles Schneider was made at the session "Modernising investment legal frameworks: comparative approaches and successful practices" during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
This presentation by Steven Thomsen was made at the special session on the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar held during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
The presentation unpacks the key concepts covered by local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights in particular the key characteristics of local content policies and the link between LCPs and the international trade and investment frameworks.
Consultation with APEC Member states and World Bank at APEC-World Bank-Australia Workshop on Investment Promotion and Policy in Kuala Lumpur, 18-19 June 2019
Mike Pfister looks at investment promotion and facilitation in Southeast Asia and draws lessons for the update of the OECD Policy Framework for Investment currently underway. This presentation was made at the Southeast Asia Regional Forum in Bali, Indonesia, on 24-26 March 2014.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation comprises highlights from the publication OECD Competition Trends 2024 published in Paris on 6 March 2024 during the OECD Competition Open Day. The full publication can be accessed at oe.cd/comp-trends.
This presentation by Cristina Camacho, Head of Cabinet and Head of International Relations, Portuguese Competition Authority, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by William E. Kovacic, Global Competition Professor of Law and Policy and Director, Competition Law Center, The George Washington University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John E. Kwoka, Neal F. Finnegan Distinguished Professor of Economics, Northeastern University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Amelia Fletcher CBE, Professor of Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John Davies, Member, UK Competition Appeal Tribunal, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Simon Roberts, Professor, Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development, University of Johannesburg, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Serbia was made during the discussion “Alternatives to Leniency Programmes” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/atlp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Italy was made during the discussion “Alternatives to Leniency Programmes” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/atlp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Daniel CRANE, Richard W. Pogue Professor of Law, University of Michigan, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John DAVIES, Member, Competition Appeal Tribunal UK, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nancy ROSE, Head of the Department of Economics and Charles P. Kindleberger Professor of Applied Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nicole ROSENBOOM, Principal, Oxera Consulting LLP, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Anna TZANAKI, Lecturer in Law, University of Leeds, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Sha'ista GOGA, Director, Acacia Economics, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Ioannis KOKKORIS, Chair in Competition Law and Economics and Director, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Simonetta VEZZOSO, Associate Professor, Economics Department, University of Trento, was made during the discussion “Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 5 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/rbci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
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Investment Climate Reform in Southeast Asia - Stephen Thomsen – Southeast Asia Regional Forum
1. INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORM IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA: LESSONS FOR THE PFI
UPDATE
Stephen Thomsen
Head, Investment Policy Reviews, OECD
Global PFI Task Force Meeting
Bali, 24 March 2014
2. Roughly 200 questions grouped into 82 topics.
A checklist, not a questionnaire
Comprehensive
• Covering 10 policy areas (investment, investment promotion,
competition, trade, tax, corporate governance, CSR, human resource
development, public governance)
• Touching on all types of investors: public & private, foreign &
domestic, large & SME, formal & informal
Non-prescriptive
• No single, uniform approach that will suit all economies at all points
in time and under all conditions. A good investment climate can
accommodate a range of policies. It is also a moving target.
• Policy decisions involve trade-offs.
Policy Framework for Investment (PFI)
3. Governance matters:
• A sound business environment is a process as much as
an outcome. How to make policy matters as much as the
policy itself.
– Policy design, implementation/enforcement, evaluation/review
– Transparency, stability/predictability, coherence, effectiveness
Questions:
• Do the existing questions adequately address trade-offs?
• What areas could be added to the PFI?
• How to strengthen its relevance for SMEs?
• How can we strengthen the links across policy areas?
Policy Framework for Investment (PFI)
4. Ease of doing business
Land ownership and registration
Intellectual property rights
Non-discrimination
Contract enforcement
Expropriation
Access to justice and alternative dispute resolution
International investment agreements
Investment Policy
5. 1.1 How does the government ensure that laws and
regulations covering investment, including by SMEs, and
their implementation and enforcement are clear, transparent,
readily accessible and do not impose unnecessary burdens?
2.4 How has the government sought to streamline
administrative procedures to quicken and reduce the cost of
establishing a new investment? […]
10.3 Are administrative burdens on investors measured and
quantified? What procedures exist to identify and reduce
unnecessary burdens, including those on investors? […]
The ease of doing business
6. 2012 2013 2014
Singapore 1 1 1
Malaysia 18 12 6
Thailand 17 18 18
Brunei Darussalam 83 79 59
Viet Nam 98 99 99
Indonesia 129 128 120
Cambodia 138 133 137
Philippines 136 138 108
Lao PDR 165 163 159
Myanmar - - 182
Doing Business in ASEAN
Rankings based on 189 countries as of 2014
7. 1.2 How is the government moving towards progressively
establishing timely, secure and effective methods for
registering land and other forms of property?
Questions:
• What mechanisms exist when acquiring land for large-scale
projects (e.g. infrastructure, mines, dams, plantations) to
ensure that those living on the land are consulted and fairly
compensated and that there is a mechanism to redress
grievances?
• Does the government periodically assess whether restrictions
on foreign ownership of land deter investors?
Land ownership and registration
8. Land Ownership Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam
Private ownership
allowed Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
Foreign
ownership
allowed No No No Yes No No Yes/No No No
Under which
conditions:
Foreign
ownership of
land is limited
to entities with
majority
Cambodian
ownership.
Foreigners
may not own
land but may
receive long-
term leases
for business
purposes.
Foreign
investors with
registered
capital > USD
500000 are
entitled to
purchase a
land use right
from the state
for residential
or business
purposes.
Land
acquisition is
allowed for
business
purposes
only.
Approval from
MIC required
for lease of
government
land.
Foreign
ownership of
land is limited
except where
FDI>40% for
which leases
are permitted
Foreign
established
entities are
restricted
from owning
vacant land
and land
zoned for
residential
purposes
Foreign
companies
may not own
land, except
those promoted
by the BOI and
oil concessions
or when
provided by
treaty or
ministerial
permission.
Foreigners
may not own
land but may
receive long-
term leases
for business
purposes.
Maximum lease
period allowed 99 years 99 years 50 years 99 years 50 years 75 years 60 years 60 years 70 years
Foreign ownership of land in ASEAN
9. 1.3 Has the government implemented laws and regulations for protecting
IP rights and are there effective enforcement mechanisms? Does the
level of protection encourage innovation and investment by domestic and
foreign firms? How does the government meet the IP needs of SMEs?
Questions:
• How does the government balance the need to foster investment and
innovation with public access to goods, services and knowledge?
• How does the government improve enforcement (public awareness
campaigns, training for officials, specialised IP courts)?
• What mechanisms exist to resolve disputes (IP courts, arbitration and
mediation)?
• Is the existing IP regime suitable in terms of encouraging technology transfers
between foreign and domestic firms?
Intellectual property rights
10. Question 1.6
• Has the government established non-discrimination as a
general principle underpinning laws and regulations governing
investment?
• In the exercise of its right to regulate and to deliver public
services, does the government have mechanisms in place to
ensure transparency of remaining restrictions on international
investment and to periodically review their costs against their
intended purpose?
• Has the government reviewed restrictions affecting the free
transfer of capital and profits and their effect on attracting
international investment?
Non-discrimination
11. Existence of a
single investment
law for both
domestic and
foreign investors
Principle of
national
treatment / non-
discrimination
enshrined in laws
Negative list
approach
Guarantee of
free transfer of
funds provided
by law
Cambodia Yes Yes, except for land / Yes
Lao PDR Yes Yes / Yes
Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes
Malaysia No No / Yes
Myanmar Domestic and foreign
investment laws will
be unified
No Yes, but requires
further
clarifications
Yes but with
approval
Philippines 2 investment laws Yes Yes Yes
Thailand 2 investment laws No Yes Yes
Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes
ASEAN approaches to non-discrimination
12. Governments discriminate in many ways among firms, both as a matter
of policy and sometimes inadvertently: between public and private,
large and small, or domestic and foreign (national treatment) – and
sometimes even among foreign firms.
Four principal ways in which governments discriminate against foreign
investors (both entry and operational restrictions):
Screening (all projects or only those above a threshold or foreign equity
share or all foreign investments)
Equity restrictions (by sector or overall, for acquisitions or greenfield
projects)
Restrictions on key personnel (managers, directors, technical experts)
Other restrictions (land ownership, profit/capital repatriation, branching,
reciprocity, minimum capital requirements, etc.)
Forms of discrimination against foreign
investors
13. • Threshold, specific sectors, mergers and greenfield
• National security, competition, net benefit or economic
needs test
• Burden of proof on investor (Canada) or host
government (Australia)
• Tied to the provision of incentives
• Ex post notification
Different approaches to screening
14. Benefits
• Secures domestic support for an open investment regime
• Allows host government to negotiate more concessions so as to
extract the maximum benefit from each investment project
• May be necessary for major projects with significant potential social
or environmental impacts – both domestic and foreign
Costs
• Administrative cost to government
• Costs to investor: time, legal fees, delays and uncertainty
• All else held equal, screening mechanisms are associated with
lower levels of foreign direct investment
Costs/benefits of screening
15. • If the government screens foreign investment
projects, has it considered alternatives or a more
narrow set of criteria?
• Is the screening process transparent, with clear
criteria within the competence of the agency to
assess?
• Is discretion limited and are there clear timelines
for approval and the possibility of appeal?
Possible PFI questions on screening
16. • Prohibition on investment
• Maximum foreign equity share (5-99%)
• Joint venture requirement
• Mergers and takeovers, greenfield
• Extractive industries: oil, gas, mining
• Infrastructure sectors: telecoms, transport
• Agriculture, fishing
• Services: finance, professional services, retail, media
• Government: health, education, defence
• Few restrictions in manufacturing : cigarettes, alcohol, etc.
Sectoral restrictions
17. Question 8.5
Do laws and regulations restrict the deployment of skilled
workers from an enterprise investing in the host country?
What steps have been taken to unwind unduly restrictive
practices covering the deployment of workers from the
investing enterprise and to reduce delays in granting work
visas?
Restrictions on key personnel
18. • Land
• Key personnel, board of directors
• Capital repatriation
• Minimum capital requirement
• Local content
• Technology transfer
• Export requirement
• Government procurement
• Official aids and subsidies
Other restrictions
19. • Measures only statutory restrictions on FDI (i.e.
where national treatment is not applied)
• Does not include the degree of implementation,
institutional quality or state ownership
• Covers equity restrictions, screening, restrictions
on key personnel and operational restrictions
• Scores currently available for almost 60 countries,
covering 22 sectors.
• Time series available for some countries
• Most ASEAN scores are preliminary
OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index
20. OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index
(full sample)
Selected economies
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
2013 FDI RR Index Total 2014 FDI RR Index - Screening & Approval
(Open=0; closed=1))
21. ASEAN economies are generally more
restrictive across sectors than OECD
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
OECD ASEAN9
OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (open=0; closed=1)
22. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
The Philippines Myanmar Indonesia Thailand Lao PDR Viet Nam Malaysia Cambodia Singapore
2013 OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index 2012 FDI Stocks (current, % of GDP)
OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index ,2013(open=0;clsoed=1) 2012 FDI Stocks (% of GDP)
FDI Index scores vs FDI stocks
(% of GDP) in ASEAN9 countries
(Preliminary scores)
24. • If there is a negative list, is it subject to periodic review
and is there a mechanism to reduce restrictions over
time?
• Does the government ensure that the negative list is
complete and with a sufficient degree of detail?
• Does the government benchmark its restrictiveness
against other countries?
Possible additional PFI questions:
Negative lists
25. 1.5 Does the government maintain a policy of timely, adequate and
effective compensation for expropriation also consistent with its
obligations under international law? What explicit and well-defined
limits on the ability to expropriate has the government established?
What independent channels exist for reviewing the exercise of this
power or for contesting it?
Questions:
Include notion of state’s right to expropriate for public purposes?
How should indirect expropriation be treated? How to balance the
benefits in terms of investor protection from expanding the scope of
expropriation provisions against the perceived potential risks from
frivolous claims?
Expropriation
26. ACIA protects against direct & indirect expropriation, when it is done:
For public purposes;
In a non-discriminatory manner;
Against prompt, adequate and effective compensation, in accordance
with due process of law.
Whether a measure amounts to indirect expropriation is to be determined
on a case-by-case basis
What countries provide:
Most AMS protect against expropriation (direct & indirect) and grant fair
compensation, in accordance with international standards cited above
Countries are generally silent on the criteria used to qualify an indirect
expropriation
A few AMS (e.g. Cambodia, Myanmar) protect against nationalisation
only and are silent on methods of compensation
Protecting against expropriation in AMS
27. Question 1.7
Are investment policy authorities working with their counterparts in
other economies to expand international treaties on the promotion and
protection of investment?
Does the government periodically review existing international treaties
and commitments to determine whether these provisions create a more
attractive environment for investment?
What measures exist to ensure effective compliance with the country’s
commitments under its international investment agreements?
Questions
• How to ensure adequate policy space?
• How to ensure awareness of international investment-related
commitments among ministries and other relevant public bodies?
International investment agreements
28. 6
21
63
23
67
6
35
40 40
60
2
0 1 0
4
0 1
14
7
23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0
7 7 7
4 4 5 4
6
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar The
Philippines
Singapore Thailand Vietnam
BIT
FTA
ASEAN FTA
BIT with AMS
IIAs in force in the ASEAN region
Source: UNCTAD, ASEAN, World Trade Institute
29. Contract enforcement and dispute resolution
1.4 Is the system of contract enforcement effective and widely accessible to all
investors? What alternative systems of dispute settlement has the government
established to ensure the widest possible scope of protection at a reasonable
cost?
International arbitration instruments
1.8 Has the government ratified and implemented binding international
arbitration instruments for the settlement of investment disputes?
Dispute settlement
30. Protection
against
expropriation
in investment
laws
Possibility for
recourse to
investment
arbitration
provided by law
Adherence to int’l
conventions on
arbitration (ICSID &
NY Conventions)
Adherence to
IIAs (including
BITs and FTAs)
Cambodia Yes, but
incomplete
Yes Yes Yes
Lao Yes No Not a member of ICSID Yes
Indonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes
Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes
Myanmar Yes, but
incomplete
Yes, but unclear Not a member of ICSID
Adhered to NY
Convention in 2013
Yes
Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes
Thailand Yes, but
incomplete
Yes ICISD Convention
signed but not yet
ratified
Yes
Vietnam Yes Yes Not a member of ICSID Yes
Approaches to international investment agreements
in ASEAN
31. Policy Framework for Investment (and User’s Toolkit)
www.oecd.org/investment/pfi.htm
www.oecd.org/investment/toolkit/
FDI Index
www.oecd.org/investment/fdiindex.htm
Investment Policy Reviews
www.oecd.org/investment/countryreviews.htm
ASEAN-OECD Investment Programme
www.oecd.org/investment/seasia.htm
ASEAN Investment website
www.investasean.asean.org
For further information