The document compares two methodologies for assessing native vegetation condition: the Habitat Hectares methodology and the NCSSA methodology. For each indicator (e.g. large trees, tree canopy cover), it outlines how the indicator is measured in each methodology and whether the relevant data can be extracted from biological survey databases. While there is broad alignment between many of the indicators, some data like log length are not captured by biological surveys.
Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Abstract
Questions
Does the plant species composition of Thandiani sub Forests Division (TsFD) correlate with edaphic, topographic and climatic variables? Is it possible to identify different plant communities in relation to environmental gradients with special emphasis on indicator species? Can this approach to vegetation classification support conservation planning?
Location
Thandiani sub Forests Division, Western Himalayas.
Methods
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of species along with environmental variables were measured using a randomly stratified design to identify the major plant communities and indicator species of the Thandiani sub Forests Division. Species composition was recorded in 10 × 2.5 × 2 and 0.5 × 0.5 m square plots for trees, shrubs and herbs, respectively. GPS, edaphic and topographic data were also recorded for each sample plot. A total of 1500 quadrats were established in 50 sampling stations along eight altitudinal transects encompassing eastern, western, northern and southern aspects (slopes). The altitudinal range of the study area was 1290 m to 2626 m above sea level using. The relationships between species composition and environmental variables were analyzed using Two Way Cluster Analysis (TWCA) and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) via PCORD version 5.
Results
A total of 252 plant species belonging to 97 families were identified. TWCA and ISA recognized five plant communities. ISA additionally revealed that mountain slope aspect, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were the strongest environmental factors (p ≤ 0.05) determining plant community composition and indicator species in each habitat. The results also show the strength of the environment-species relationship using Monte Carlo procedures.
Conclusions
An analysis of vegetation along an environmental gradient in the Thandiani sub Forests Division using the Braun-Blanquet approach confirmed by robust tools of multivariate statistics identified indicators of each sort of microclimatic zones/vegetation communities which could further be used in conservation planning and management not only in the area studied but in the adjacent regions exhibit similar sort of environmental conditions.
Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Abstract
Questions
Does the plant species composition of Thandiani sub Forests Division (TsFD) correlate with edaphic, topographic and climatic variables? Is it possible to identify different plant communities in relation to environmental gradients with special emphasis on indicator species? Can this approach to vegetation classification support conservation planning?
Location
Thandiani sub Forests Division, Western Himalayas.
Methods
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of species along with environmental variables were measured using a randomly stratified design to identify the major plant communities and indicator species of the Thandiani sub Forests Division. Species composition was recorded in 10 × 2.5 × 2 and 0.5 × 0.5 m square plots for trees, shrubs and herbs, respectively. GPS, edaphic and topographic data were also recorded for each sample plot. A total of 1500 quadrats were established in 50 sampling stations along eight altitudinal transects encompassing eastern, western, northern and southern aspects (slopes). The altitudinal range of the study area was 1290 m to 2626 m above sea level using. The relationships between species composition and environmental variables were analyzed using Two Way Cluster Analysis (TWCA) and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) via PCORD version 5.
Results
A total of 252 plant species belonging to 97 families were identified. TWCA and ISA recognized five plant communities. ISA additionally revealed that mountain slope aspect, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were the strongest environmental factors (p ≤ 0.05) determining plant community composition and indicator species in each habitat. The results also show the strength of the environment-species relationship using Monte Carlo procedures.
Conclusions
An analysis of vegetation along an environmental gradient in the Thandiani sub Forests Division using the Braun-Blanquet approach confirmed by robust tools of multivariate statistics identified indicators of each sort of microclimatic zones/vegetation communities which could further be used in conservation planning and management not only in the area studied but in the adjacent regions exhibit similar sort of environmental conditions.
Nuts & Bolts: Genetically Appropriate Choices for Plant Materials to Maintain...nycparksnmd
Dr. Arlee Montavalo, University of California, Riverside
Symposium:
What is Local? Genetics & Plant Selection in the Urban Context. (Tuesday, May 23, 2006, American Museum of Natural History)
The slides contain a summary on my research on the ''abundances and distribution of the five most preferred food species for the mountain gorilla of the Virungas''. The presentation was delivered at the University of Twente, the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). It is part of a continuous follow up on the student's research - required for the successful completion of a Master of Science at ITC, NL
Long-term monitoring of diversity and structure of two stands of an Atlantic ...Écio Diniz
Characterised with its immense biodiversity and high levels of endemism, the Atlantic Tropical Forest has been facing serious anthropogenic threats over the last several decades, demanding for such activities and their effects to be closely studied and monitored as part of the forest dynamics.
Cattle farming, expanding agricultural land areas and mining have reduced the Atlantic Forest to many small patches of vegetation. As a result, important ecosystem services, such as carbon stock, are steadily diminishing as the biomass decreases.
Brazilian researchers, led by Dr. Écio Souza Diniz, Federal University of Viçosa, spent a decade monitoring a semi-deciduous forest located in an ecological park in Southeast Brazil. Their observations are published in the open access Biodiversity Data Journal.
The team surveyed two stands within the forest to present variations in the structure and diversity of the plants over time, along with their dynamics, including mortality and establishment rates. They based their findings on the most abundant tree species occurring within each stand.
At the forest stands, the most abundant and important species for biomass accumulation are concluded to be trees larger than 20 cm in diameter, which characterise advanced successional stage within the forest.
"It is fundamental that opportunities to monitor conserved sites of the Atlantic Forest are taken, so that studies about their dynamics are conducted in order to better understand how they work," note the scientists.
"The information from such surveys could improve the knowledge about the dynamics at anthropised and fragmented sites compared with protected areas."
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-08-decade-dynamics-atlantic-tropical-forest.html#jCp
THE EFFECTS OF CLEARCUT SIZE ON THE BIRD COMMUNITY IN THE SECOND COLLEGE GRANTjoshmooney
Abstract. This study examines the effects of forest opening (clearcut) size on the surrounding forest-bird community with the objective of offering management suggestions for foresters who employ the clearcut method. I hypothesized that large and small clearcuts would have different effects on the forest-bird assemblage associated with each. I used the point-count method to assess bird abundance in clearcuts, on the edges, and 100 m into the forest from the edges of large and small clearcuts. I found that Neotropical migrant birds and forest-interior birds were the most affected by large clearcuts showing significantly lower abundance in forest areas 100 m from large clearcut edges than in forest areas 100 m from small clearcuts. Edge-open birds were more abundant in large clearcut openings and edges than in small clearcut openings and edges. Blue jays (an avian nest predator) were more abundant on the edges of large clearcuts than on the edges of small clearcuts. A recent study found that forest-interior bird abundance levels off after 100 m distance from small (0.4 ha) forest openings. This result combined with my findings suggest that small openings in the Second College Grant represent less of a disturbance to Neotropical migrants and forest-interior birds. Additionally, given higher abundances of an avian nest predator in large clearcuts, reproductive success could be much lower in areas associated with large clearcuts. Some species such as the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), however preferred large clearcuts suggesting that there are some benefits to overall bird abundance by including large clearcuts in a managed landscape.
The conservation value of regenerating tropical forest for amphibians crees foundation
The crees foundation conducts conservation research in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru, to understand the biodiversity and conservation value of regenerating tropical forest.
The Effects of Chemical Compositional Variability on Sustainable Applications...Premier Publishers
The study aims to evaluate the chemical compositional variability within the male and female Borassus aethiopum trunks to ascertain their influences and possible applications. The specimens for the study were prepared from the radial and axial portions and extracted with a Soxhlet apparatus. The varieties were analyzed for the hot water, ash content, 1% NaOH, alcohol-acetone extracts, lignin, and α-cellulose. The total extractives, lignin, and α-cellulose decreased consistently from the peripheries to the cores, unlike the ash content. Thus, total extractive decreased from 4.41 to 1.83% and 3.25 to 1.18% for the male and female, lignin from 36.88 to 29.06% and 39.53 to 28.60%, α–cellulose: 40.09 to 28.02% and 37.01 to 24.40% respectively but the ash content increased from 0.65 to 3.39%, 0.85 to 5.64% for the male and female respectively. There were significant differences along the boles for the total extractives, lignin, and α-cellulose unlike the ash content at the peripheral portions. From the results, the peripheries possess the potentials to resist moisture permeability, biodegradation, enhance mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and other wood qualities positively for commercial utilization than the cores. This will enhance the sustainability of forest biodiversity by limiting the pressure on the primary wood species.
Irrigation experiments of cocoa tend to concentrate on yield of matured cocoa trees compared to field establishment of young seedlings. Seedling survival leading to optimum population density are fundamental to obtaining maximum yield of crops. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of mulching and irrigation on survival of hybrid cocoa clone raised in three different growing media during the establishment phase. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design, with irrigation as the main plot factor, mulching as the subplot factor and growing media as the sub-sub plot factor with three replications. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was used as the mulching material and each plant received 5kg at a rate of 5.6 t/ha. Irrigation was done daily by applying 4L of water except when it rains. Data was collected on soil moisture, plant height, leaf number, stem girth and plant survival. Results indicated that irrigation and mulching significantly (P<0.01) enhanced soil moisture. Cocoa seedlings raised in topsoil, mulched and irrigated significantly (P<0.05) increased survival rate (94.5%) compared to seedlings raised in soil without irrigation and no mulching (47.1%). Similarly, the survival rate of seedlings raised in growing media M2, mulched and irrigated (93.0%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than similar seedlings without irrigation (73.4%). However, the survival rate of seedlings raised in M3 without mulching but irrigated was significantly (<0.05) higher 92.1% compared to seedlings raised in M3 mulched and irrigated 67.1%. Irrigation is very important in ensuring high survival rate during early field establishment. Mulching with cocoa pod husk without irrigation did not improve cocoa seedling survival.
Nuts & Bolts: Genetically Appropriate Choices for Plant Materials to Maintain...nycparksnmd
Dr. Arlee Montavalo, University of California, Riverside
Symposium:
What is Local? Genetics & Plant Selection in the Urban Context. (Tuesday, May 23, 2006, American Museum of Natural History)
The slides contain a summary on my research on the ''abundances and distribution of the five most preferred food species for the mountain gorilla of the Virungas''. The presentation was delivered at the University of Twente, the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). It is part of a continuous follow up on the student's research - required for the successful completion of a Master of Science at ITC, NL
Long-term monitoring of diversity and structure of two stands of an Atlantic ...Écio Diniz
Characterised with its immense biodiversity and high levels of endemism, the Atlantic Tropical Forest has been facing serious anthropogenic threats over the last several decades, demanding for such activities and their effects to be closely studied and monitored as part of the forest dynamics.
Cattle farming, expanding agricultural land areas and mining have reduced the Atlantic Forest to many small patches of vegetation. As a result, important ecosystem services, such as carbon stock, are steadily diminishing as the biomass decreases.
Brazilian researchers, led by Dr. Écio Souza Diniz, Federal University of Viçosa, spent a decade monitoring a semi-deciduous forest located in an ecological park in Southeast Brazil. Their observations are published in the open access Biodiversity Data Journal.
The team surveyed two stands within the forest to present variations in the structure and diversity of the plants over time, along with their dynamics, including mortality and establishment rates. They based their findings on the most abundant tree species occurring within each stand.
At the forest stands, the most abundant and important species for biomass accumulation are concluded to be trees larger than 20 cm in diameter, which characterise advanced successional stage within the forest.
"It is fundamental that opportunities to monitor conserved sites of the Atlantic Forest are taken, so that studies about their dynamics are conducted in order to better understand how they work," note the scientists.
"The information from such surveys could improve the knowledge about the dynamics at anthropised and fragmented sites compared with protected areas."
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-08-decade-dynamics-atlantic-tropical-forest.html#jCp
THE EFFECTS OF CLEARCUT SIZE ON THE BIRD COMMUNITY IN THE SECOND COLLEGE GRANTjoshmooney
Abstract. This study examines the effects of forest opening (clearcut) size on the surrounding forest-bird community with the objective of offering management suggestions for foresters who employ the clearcut method. I hypothesized that large and small clearcuts would have different effects on the forest-bird assemblage associated with each. I used the point-count method to assess bird abundance in clearcuts, on the edges, and 100 m into the forest from the edges of large and small clearcuts. I found that Neotropical migrant birds and forest-interior birds were the most affected by large clearcuts showing significantly lower abundance in forest areas 100 m from large clearcut edges than in forest areas 100 m from small clearcuts. Edge-open birds were more abundant in large clearcut openings and edges than in small clearcut openings and edges. Blue jays (an avian nest predator) were more abundant on the edges of large clearcuts than on the edges of small clearcuts. A recent study found that forest-interior bird abundance levels off after 100 m distance from small (0.4 ha) forest openings. This result combined with my findings suggest that small openings in the Second College Grant represent less of a disturbance to Neotropical migrants and forest-interior birds. Additionally, given higher abundances of an avian nest predator in large clearcuts, reproductive success could be much lower in areas associated with large clearcuts. Some species such as the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), however preferred large clearcuts suggesting that there are some benefits to overall bird abundance by including large clearcuts in a managed landscape.
The conservation value of regenerating tropical forest for amphibians crees foundation
The crees foundation conducts conservation research in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru, to understand the biodiversity and conservation value of regenerating tropical forest.
The Effects of Chemical Compositional Variability on Sustainable Applications...Premier Publishers
The study aims to evaluate the chemical compositional variability within the male and female Borassus aethiopum trunks to ascertain their influences and possible applications. The specimens for the study were prepared from the radial and axial portions and extracted with a Soxhlet apparatus. The varieties were analyzed for the hot water, ash content, 1% NaOH, alcohol-acetone extracts, lignin, and α-cellulose. The total extractives, lignin, and α-cellulose decreased consistently from the peripheries to the cores, unlike the ash content. Thus, total extractive decreased from 4.41 to 1.83% and 3.25 to 1.18% for the male and female, lignin from 36.88 to 29.06% and 39.53 to 28.60%, α–cellulose: 40.09 to 28.02% and 37.01 to 24.40% respectively but the ash content increased from 0.65 to 3.39%, 0.85 to 5.64% for the male and female respectively. There were significant differences along the boles for the total extractives, lignin, and α-cellulose unlike the ash content at the peripheral portions. From the results, the peripheries possess the potentials to resist moisture permeability, biodegradation, enhance mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and other wood qualities positively for commercial utilization than the cores. This will enhance the sustainability of forest biodiversity by limiting the pressure on the primary wood species.
Irrigation experiments of cocoa tend to concentrate on yield of matured cocoa trees compared to field establishment of young seedlings. Seedling survival leading to optimum population density are fundamental to obtaining maximum yield of crops. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of mulching and irrigation on survival of hybrid cocoa clone raised in three different growing media during the establishment phase. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design, with irrigation as the main plot factor, mulching as the subplot factor and growing media as the sub-sub plot factor with three replications. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was used as the mulching material and each plant received 5kg at a rate of 5.6 t/ha. Irrigation was done daily by applying 4L of water except when it rains. Data was collected on soil moisture, plant height, leaf number, stem girth and plant survival. Results indicated that irrigation and mulching significantly (P<0.01) enhanced soil moisture. Cocoa seedlings raised in topsoil, mulched and irrigated significantly (P<0.05) increased survival rate (94.5%) compared to seedlings raised in soil without irrigation and no mulching (47.1%). Similarly, the survival rate of seedlings raised in growing media M2, mulched and irrigated (93.0%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than similar seedlings without irrigation (73.4%). However, the survival rate of seedlings raised in M3 without mulching but irrigated was significantly (<0.05) higher 92.1% compared to seedlings raised in M3 mulched and irrigated 67.1%. Irrigation is very important in ensuring high survival rate during early field establishment. Mulching with cocoa pod husk without irrigation did not improve cocoa seedling survival.
Anti Blah! A quick guide to brandable business namesDave Clark
A guide to brandable names - and why they're good for business. Our quick, visual guide highlights the advantages of choosing a business name with brand potential, rather than a generic, descriptive business name.
Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...Shujaul Mulk Khan
The present study was conducted to elaborate vegetation composition structure to analyze role of edaphic and topographic factors on plant species distribution and community formation during 2013–14. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. The size of quadrat for trees shrubs and herbs were 10 × 5, 5 × 2, 1 × 1 meter square respectively. Different phytosociological attribute were measured at each station. Primary results reported 123 plant species belong to 46 families. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were dominant families with 8 species each. PCORD version 5 were used for Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses that initiated 4 plant communities within elevation range of 529–700 m from sea level. Indicator species analyses (ISA) were used to identify indicator species of each community. CANOCO Software (version 4.5) was used to measure the influence of edaphic and topographic variables on species composition, diversity and community formation. Whereas Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to measure the effect of environmental variables which showed elevation and aspect were the stronger environmental variable among topographic and CaCO3 contents, electric conductivity, soil pH were the stronger edaphic factors in determination of vegetation and communities of the Bheer Hills. Grazing pressure was one of the main anthropogenic factors in this regard.
Module 4B - EN - Promoting data use II: use in key scientific and policy areasAlberto González-Talaván
In this advanced module we will concentrate on key cases of data use that are linked to high-level targets defined at the international level by organizations such as the CBD or IPBES. Aligning your work with these targets will allow to demonstrate the usefulness of your work to policy makers and users.
Session 06, Introduction to biodiversity sample-based data publishing at the ...Alberto González-Talaván
This presentation sets the basic principles for the publishing of biodiversity information coming from sampling efforts. It was first presented in the training event for GBIF Participant nodes part of the 22nd meeting of the GBIF Governing Board.
Slide deck developed and presented by L. Smirnova (Royal Museum for Central Africa - Belgium).
FSC 503: Biodiversity and conservation of fruit crops
Collection: Tapping of genetic diversity from various sources and assembling at one place is called germplasm collection.
Evaluation: It deals with the assessing the agronomic potential of an accession including quality parameters and response to various abiotic and biotic stresses.
Documentation:Germplasm conservation, in its various stages, includes a range of activities for which information is required or from which information is derived. This may refer to species, their sites of origin, or activities or stages of conservation. The action of recording, organizing, and analyzing conservation data is known as documentation.
Partnering on crop wild relative research at three scales: commonalities for ...CWRofUS
The potential for crop wild relatives (CWR) to contribute to crop improvement is growing due to improvements in information on species and their diversity, advancements in breeding tools, and the growing need for exotic genetic diversity to address compounding agronomic challenges. As wild plants, CWR are subject to a myriad of human caused threats to natural ecosystems, and their representation ex situ is often far from comprehensive. Ex situ conservation of many of these wild plants is also technically challenging, particularly in an environment of insufficient resources. Enhancing conservation, availability, and access to CWR requires a spectrum of action spanning basic and applied research on wild species to inform on-the-ground collecting, ex situ maintenance, and germplasm utilization. The development of effective information channels and productive partnerships between diverse organizations are essential to the success of these actions. Here we report on a spectrum of CWR activities involving broad partnerships, at three levels: a) the collaborative compilation and distribution on over 5 million occurrence data records on the CWR of major food crops, b) the analysis of conservation concerns and genetic resources potential of the CWR of potato, sweetpotato, and pigeonpea, and c) ongoing efforts to map the diversity and conservation concerns for CWR in the USA. Although differing in scales and depth of collaborations, the success of these initiatives are largely due to commonalities in research orientation, e.g., inclusiveness, offering clear incentives for involvement, and service providing to the crop science community.
Partnering on CWR research at three scales: commonalities for successCWR Project
The potential for crop wild relatives (CWR) to contribute to crop improvement is growing due to improvements in information on species and their diversity, advancements in breeding tools, and the growing need for exotic genetic diversity to address compounding agronomic challenges. As wild plants, CWR are subject to a myriad of human caused threats to natural ecosystems, and their representation ex situ is often far from comprehensive. Ex situ conservation of many of these wild plants is also technically challenging, particularly in an environment of insufficient resources. Enhancing conservation, availability, and access to CWR requires a spectrum of action spanning basic and applied research on wild species to inform on-the-ground collecting, ex situ maintenance, and germplasm utilization. The development of effective information channels and productive partnerships between diverse organizations are essential to the success of these actions. Here we report on a spectrum of CWR activities involving broad partnerships, at three levels: a) the collaborative compilation and distribution on over 5 million occurrence data records on the CWR of major food crops, b) the analysis of conservation concerns and genetic resources potential of the CWR of potato, sweetpotato, and pigeonpea, and c) ongoing efforts to map the diversity and conservation concerns for CWR in the USA. Although differing in scales and depth of collaborations, the success of these initiatives are largely due to commonalities in research orientation, e.g., inclusiveness, offering clear incentives for involvement, and service providing to the crop science community.
Trait Mining, prediction of agricultural traits in plant genetic resources with ecological parameters. Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS). For the Vavilov seminars at the IPK Gatersleben 13th June 2007. Dag Endresen, Michael Mackay, Kenneth Street.
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Cobb, Seltmann, Franz. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data...taxonbytes
Cobb et al. 2014. The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change. Presented at https://www.idigbio.org/content/collections-21st-century-symposium Program available at https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/index.php/Collections_for_the_21st_Century
Similar to South Australian Native Vegetation Condition Indicator Pilot Project 2006 (20)
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. www.environment.sa.gov.au
Site Condition
1. Large Trees
2. Tree Canopy Cover
3. Understorey
4. Lack of Weeds
5. Recruitment
6. Organic Litter
7. Logs
Landscape Context
8. Patch size
9. Neighbourhood
10. Distance to Core Area
Habitat Hectares Indicators
(based on Parkes, Newell and Cheal (2003))
Indicators
3. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Each indicator is recorded relative to a benchmark value for a particular
vegetation type.
Example: Large Trees indicator
Habitat Hectares MethodologyIndicators
6. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Each indicator is recorded as a raw value.
• These values are compared to a benchmark value for a particular
vegetation type at the end of the assessment process.
Example: Large Tree Habitat indicator
NCSSA MethodologyIndicators
7. www.environment.sa.gov.au
1. Large
Trees • Number of large trees and canopy health
a) the number of large trees per hectare (dead or alive)
b) canopy health is determined from the average projective foliage
cover of the large trees
Habitat Hectares Methodology
Relevant Biological Survey data
• Large trees are defined
by a minimum diameter
at breast height for each
vegetation community
benchmark
a) Number of large trees per hectare is not measured as a part of the
Biological Survey
b) Canopy health can be derived from the projective foliage cover
recorded for the overstorey within the Biological Survey
8. www.environment.sa.gov.au
1. Large
Trees • Tree Habitat Features
a) the diameter at breast height is recorded for ten adult trees from the
tallest or dominant stratum (can be converted to ‘large trees’)
b) canopy health is determined by the canopy cover of ten adult trees
from the tallest or dominant stratum (percent dieback is converted to
percent remaining)
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Number of large trees is not measured as a part of the Biological Survey
b) Canopy health can be derived from the projective foliage cover
recorded for the overstorey within the Biological Survey
9. www.environment.sa.gov.au
X ~
• Number of large trees
X
• Number of large trees
• Tree health
Summary1. Large
Trees HABITAT HECTARES
Large Trees
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Tree Habitat Features
Biological Survey
Database
10. www.environment.sa.gov.au
2. Tree
Canopy
Cover
• Projective foliage cover of tree canopy and canopy health
a) the projective foliage cover of trees at least 80% of the benchmark
mature height
b) canopy health is determined from the average projective foliage
cover of the large trees
Habitat Hectares Methodology
Relevant Biological Survey data
• Tree canopy cover is only
assessed for those trees
that are at least 80% of
the benchmark mature
height
a) Projective foliage cover is calculated for the overstorey within the
Biological Survey
b) Canopy health can be derived from the projective foliage cover
recorded for the overstorey within the Biological Survey
11. www.environment.sa.gov.au
2. Tree
Canopy
Cover
• Tree Habitat Features
a) the canopy cover is recorded for ten adult trees from the tallest or
dominant stratum (percent dieback is converted to percent
remaining)
b) canopy health is derived from the canopy cover recorded above
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Projective foliage cover is calculated for the overstorey within the
Biological Survey
b) Canopy health can be derived from the projective foliage cover
recorded for the overstorey within the Biological Survey
12. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Projective foliage cover
Summary2. Tree
Canopy
Cover
HABITAT HECTARES
Tree Canopy
Cover
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Tree Habitat Features
Biological Survey
Database
• Tree health
• Projective foliage cover
13. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Number of understorey life forms present and their degree of modification
a) the number of understorey life forms present
b) the degree of modification to life forms
Habitat Hectares Methodology
3.
Understorey
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Number of understorey life forms can be extracted from the Biological
Survey database
b) Species diversity and percent cover of life forms can be extracted from
the Biological Survey database.
• Degree of modification is
determined by:
- species diversity, or
- percent cover,
depending on the
benchmark cover value
for each life form
14. www.environment.sa.gov.au
3.
Understorey • Structural Diversity B: Plant Life Forms
a) the number of life forms present
b) the percent cover of each life form
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Number of life forms can be extracted from the Biological Survey
database
b) Percent cover of each life form can be extracted from the Biological
Survey database.
15. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Number of understorey life forms
~
• Degree of modification
• Number of understorey life forms
3.
Understorey
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Understorey
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Structural Diversity B:
Plant Life Forms
Biological Survey
Database
16. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Percentage weed cover and proportion of high threat weeds
a) the average projective foliage cover of all weeds
b) the proportion of weed cover due to high threat weeds
Habitat Hectares Methodology4. Lack of
weeds
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Cover abundance of weed species can be extracted from the
Biological Survey database.
b) Weed species names can be extracted from Biological Survey data to
determine the proportion of high threat weeds.
• Weed cover is expressed
as an actual value rather
than as a percentage of
the benchmark weed
cover
17. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Weeds Abundance and Threat
a) the five most abundant weed species
b) the cover abundance of each weed species
c) the invasive threat category of each weed species
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The five most abundant weed species can be extracted from the
Biological Survey database using the cover abundance rating.
b) Cover abundance of weed species can be extracted from the
Biological Survey database.
c) Weed species names can be extracted from Biological Survey data to
determine the invasive threat category of each weed.
4. Lack of
weeds
18. www.environment.sa.gov.au
~ ~
• Projective foliage cover of weeds
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Lack of Weeds
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Weed Abundance and
Threat
Biological Survey
Database
4. Lack of
weeds
~
• Proportion of weed cover due to high threat weeds
• Projective foliage cover of weeds
19. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Presence of recruitment and its adequacy and diversity
a) evidence of a recruitment cohort
b) adequacy of recruitment for each woody species in the canopy and
the understorey
c) the number of native woody species that have adequate recruitment
d) the total number of woody species (to determine diversity)
Habitat Hectares Methodology
5.
Recruitment
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The life stage of individual species can be extracted from the Biological
Survey data to determine recruitment evidence.
b) The life stage of individual species can be extracted from the Biological
Survey data to determine adequacy of recruitment.
c) The number of woody species with adequate recruitment can be
extracted from the Biological Survey data.
d) The total number of woody species can be extracted from the
Biological Survey data.
• “…‘adequate’ is
considered to be
sufficient recruitment to
replenish natural attrition
of individual plants and
species within the various
life forms found in the
habitat zone” (DSE, 2004)
20. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Regeneration
a) the number of regenerating tree species
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The number of regenerating tree species can be extracted from the
Biological Survey database.
5.
Recruitment
21. www.environment.sa.gov.au
X
• Evidence of a recruitment cohort
• Evidence of a recruitment cohort
X
• Adequacy of recruitment for each woody species in the canopy and the understorey• Adequacy of recruitment for each woody species in the canopy and the understorey
• Number of native woody species that have adequate recruitment
~
X
• Number of native woody species that have adequate recruitment
• Total number of woody species
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Recruitment
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Regeneration
Biological Survey
Database
5.
Recruitment
22. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Percentage cover of native and non-native organic litter
a) the percentage cover of organic litter
b) the proportion of organic litter comprising native and non-native
ground cover species
Habitat Hectares Methodology6. Organic
Litter
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The plant litter attribute can be extracted from the Biological Survey
database to represent cover of organic litter.
b) The proportion of organic litter comprising native and non-native
species can not be determined from the Biological Survey database.
• Litter is defined as
“organic material
detached from the
parent plant, including
both coarse and fine
plant debris, and material
such as fallen leaves,
twigs and small branches
less than 10cm diameter
present at ground level”
(DSE, 2004).
23. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Structural Diversity A: Ground Cover
a) the percentage of bare ground
b) the percentage of total ground cover
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The bare ground attribute can be extracted from the Biological Survey
database.
b) The total ground cover figure can be derived from the bare ground
figure, assuming the remaining area represents total ground cover.
6. Organic
Litter
24. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Percentage cover of organic litter
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Organic Litter
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Structural Diversity A:
Ground Cover
Biological Survey
Database
6. Organic
Litter
XX
• Proportion of organic litter comprising native and non-native ground cover species
• Percentage cover of organic litter
25. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Estimation of log length and presence of large logs
a) the total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
b) the presence of large logs that are > 25% of the benchmark log length
Habitat Hectares Methodology7. Logs
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Log length is not recorded in the Biological Survey database.
b) The presence of large logs can not be determined from the Biological
Survey database.
• Logs are defined as
“dead timber fallen to
the ground with a
diameter > 10cm” (DSE,
2004).
26. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Tree Habitat Features
a) the number of fallen trees or logs > 30cm diameter
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The number of fallen logs is not recorded in the Biological Survey
database
7. Logs
27. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
XX
X
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Logs
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Tree Habitat Features
Biological Survey
Database
7. Logs
• Total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
X X
X
• Presence of large logs that are > 25% of the benchmark log length
28. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Estimation of log length and presence of large logs
a) the total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
b) the presence of large logs that are > 25% of the benchmark log length
Habitat Hectares Methodology8. Logs
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) Log length is not recorded in the Biological Survey database.
b) The presence of large logs can not be determined from the Biological
Survey database.
• Logs are defined as
“dead timber fallen to
the ground with a
diameter > 10cm” (DSE,
2004).
29. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Tree Habitat Features
a) the number of fallen trees or logs > 30cm diameter
Equivalent NCSSA Indicator
Relevant Biological Survey data
a) The number of fallen logs is not recorded in the Biological Survey
database
7. Logs
30. www.environment.sa.gov.au
• Total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
XX
X
Summary
HABITAT HECTARES
Logs
NCSSA METHODOLOGY
Tree Habitat Features
Biological Survey
Database
7. Logs
• Total length of logs greater than 10cm diameter
X X
X
• Presence of large logs that are > 25% of the benchmark log length
Editor's Notes
Recorded as a percentage of the benchmark value rather than an actual number of trees.
present = i.e. not missing to due tree death, decline, insect attack or mistletoe infestation
BS Can life form height categories be used to define a minimum height for ‘Large Trees’ rather than a DBH?
(defined as &gt; 190cm diameter at breast height)
HH states trees must be 80% of benchmark height – can we assume the overstorey as defined in BS are &gt; 80% benchmark height?
Cohort – a group of woody plants established in a single episode
Point 3 - Number of woody species: NCSSA only records regenerating TREE species