The document discusses the introduction of PVC membrane roofing systems in India as a new approach to roofing that addresses challenges from increased construction demands. PVC membrane roofing provides benefits over conventional systems like better performance for re-roofing, metal decks, roof gardens, and energy/green building requirements. It has a long history of use in Europe and is thermoplastic, allowing seams to be heat welded for a watertight bond. The new system offers construction industries a solution that considers requirements for speed, safety, low maintenance and cost while providing durability.
Precast concrete for sustainable buildingsMECandPMV
This document discusses the use of precast concrete in sustainable building construction in Finland. It provides a brief history of precast concrete usage in Finland beginning in 1952. It also provides current statistics on the share of precast concrete usage in different types of buildings. The document then discusses how precast concrete can help meet the European Union's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive for nearly zero-energy buildings. Several case studies of precast concrete buildings that achieve net zero-energy usage or are highly energy efficient are also presented. The document concludes by discussing how precast concrete can perform well in different climate conditions.
Waterproofing compounds are used to render surfaces impermeable to water. Common compounds include neoprene, butyl, EPDM, PVC, and polyurethane. Neoprene is resistant to heat, chemicals and weathering but can fade over time. Butyl tape is used for sealing joints and is resistant to temperatures from -30°C to 90°C. EPDM membrane is lightweight, durable and weatherproof. PVC membrane is flexible, strong and can withstand weather for 50 years. Polyurethane is versatile and used in construction insulation, furniture and automotive parts. Proper surface preparation and workmanship are essential for preventing waterproofing failures.
Final presentation by Akramul masum from southeast university bangladesh.Integrated Design
This document provides information about a study on the analysis and design of high-rise buildings. It defines what constitutes a high-rise building and explores the various factors driving demand for them. It examines the history of tall buildings and provides a chart showing increases in building heights over time. It also discusses structural systems and loads, including gravity, lateral and special loads. Core functions, parking considerations and case studies of high-rise projects are presented.
Bamboo is a versatile building material with several advantages such as strength, flexibility, earthquake resistance, low cost and minimal environmental impact. However, untreated bamboo has low durability. Various treatments like borax-boric acid preservation, neem oil treatment can improve the durability. Bamboo can be used for walls, foundations, columns, beams and roofing. It provides cost and energy benefits compared to concrete while maintaining structural strength. However, limitations include jointing techniques, flammability and lack of codified design guidance.
Digital access to all sources of information continues to expand at an accelerating rate, and academic libraries are working to transform themselves in response to a generation of students entering the university having embraced online, mobile, anytime, anywhere access to information. In an academic community that increasingly values intellectual collaboration among faculty and students, and learning in and out of the classroom, the twenty-first century academic library must continually recreate itself as a place that fosters curiosity, engagement, collaboration, and lifelong learning.
Typical twentieth-century capital investment cycles in academic libraries are characterized by large-scale once-a-generation investments. In the first decade of the twenty first century the drive to transform is greater than ever before, but there is less capital funding available, increasing the pressure on institutions to reduce capital investment cycle times in order to remain responsive to rapid changes in technology, pedagogy, scholarship, and user expectations.
The end of any project is the start of evaluation and planning for the next. This presentation explores and discusses efforts in the Emory University Libraries to develop new ways to evaluate library spaces, services, and operations. It highlights initiatives intended to operationalize capital investment, shorten cycle times and provide incremental interventions, within a general framework of planning big and implementing small. Exit counts, occupancy rates, and peer comparisons are used to address user needs, program innovation, and facilities enhancement, with the aim of continually refreshing and renewing library spaces to enhance learning, inspire scholarship, and foster community.
Presented at GaCOMO12 (as part of the GLA Academic Papers session) by Charles Forrest.
Cable structures are made of small steel strands twisted together into larger cables. Cables are flexible structural components that can be used in suspension bridges and roofs. There are two main types of cable structures: suspension bridges, where cables support a stiff girder, and cable-stayed bridges, where cables support a continuous girder from towers.
Tensile structures carry only tension forces and no compression or bending. Common tensile structures include fabric membranes stretched over a framework and tension roofs with all parts in tension. Membranes take anticlastic or synclastic shapes to remain stable.
Common tensile membrane materials include PVC, PTFE, and FRP. PVC and PTFE membranes
It elaborately describes various retractable systems in a stadium and in general. The various types of retractable roofs, retractable seating and retractable stadiums. The materials used and design considerations are also disused sharply.
Precast concrete for sustainable buildingsMECandPMV
This document discusses the use of precast concrete in sustainable building construction in Finland. It provides a brief history of precast concrete usage in Finland beginning in 1952. It also provides current statistics on the share of precast concrete usage in different types of buildings. The document then discusses how precast concrete can help meet the European Union's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive for nearly zero-energy buildings. Several case studies of precast concrete buildings that achieve net zero-energy usage or are highly energy efficient are also presented. The document concludes by discussing how precast concrete can perform well in different climate conditions.
Waterproofing compounds are used to render surfaces impermeable to water. Common compounds include neoprene, butyl, EPDM, PVC, and polyurethane. Neoprene is resistant to heat, chemicals and weathering but can fade over time. Butyl tape is used for sealing joints and is resistant to temperatures from -30°C to 90°C. EPDM membrane is lightweight, durable and weatherproof. PVC membrane is flexible, strong and can withstand weather for 50 years. Polyurethane is versatile and used in construction insulation, furniture and automotive parts. Proper surface preparation and workmanship are essential for preventing waterproofing failures.
Final presentation by Akramul masum from southeast university bangladesh.Integrated Design
This document provides information about a study on the analysis and design of high-rise buildings. It defines what constitutes a high-rise building and explores the various factors driving demand for them. It examines the history of tall buildings and provides a chart showing increases in building heights over time. It also discusses structural systems and loads, including gravity, lateral and special loads. Core functions, parking considerations and case studies of high-rise projects are presented.
Bamboo is a versatile building material with several advantages such as strength, flexibility, earthquake resistance, low cost and minimal environmental impact. However, untreated bamboo has low durability. Various treatments like borax-boric acid preservation, neem oil treatment can improve the durability. Bamboo can be used for walls, foundations, columns, beams and roofing. It provides cost and energy benefits compared to concrete while maintaining structural strength. However, limitations include jointing techniques, flammability and lack of codified design guidance.
Digital access to all sources of information continues to expand at an accelerating rate, and academic libraries are working to transform themselves in response to a generation of students entering the university having embraced online, mobile, anytime, anywhere access to information. In an academic community that increasingly values intellectual collaboration among faculty and students, and learning in and out of the classroom, the twenty-first century academic library must continually recreate itself as a place that fosters curiosity, engagement, collaboration, and lifelong learning.
Typical twentieth-century capital investment cycles in academic libraries are characterized by large-scale once-a-generation investments. In the first decade of the twenty first century the drive to transform is greater than ever before, but there is less capital funding available, increasing the pressure on institutions to reduce capital investment cycle times in order to remain responsive to rapid changes in technology, pedagogy, scholarship, and user expectations.
The end of any project is the start of evaluation and planning for the next. This presentation explores and discusses efforts in the Emory University Libraries to develop new ways to evaluate library spaces, services, and operations. It highlights initiatives intended to operationalize capital investment, shorten cycle times and provide incremental interventions, within a general framework of planning big and implementing small. Exit counts, occupancy rates, and peer comparisons are used to address user needs, program innovation, and facilities enhancement, with the aim of continually refreshing and renewing library spaces to enhance learning, inspire scholarship, and foster community.
Presented at GaCOMO12 (as part of the GLA Academic Papers session) by Charles Forrest.
Cable structures are made of small steel strands twisted together into larger cables. Cables are flexible structural components that can be used in suspension bridges and roofs. There are two main types of cable structures: suspension bridges, where cables support a stiff girder, and cable-stayed bridges, where cables support a continuous girder from towers.
Tensile structures carry only tension forces and no compression or bending. Common tensile structures include fabric membranes stretched over a framework and tension roofs with all parts in tension. Membranes take anticlastic or synclastic shapes to remain stable.
Common tensile membrane materials include PVC, PTFE, and FRP. PVC and PTFE membranes
It elaborately describes various retractable systems in a stadium and in general. The various types of retractable roofs, retractable seating and retractable stadiums. The materials used and design considerations are also disused sharply.
Jeff Tsai is a Facacde Consultant and leads the Arup Shanghai team of building envelope specialists. He has over 23 years of experience in the construction industry and has been involved in projects all around the world, from design, testing, fabrication to site supervision and management of complex facade systems. For the last 15 years Jeff has worked in Asia, leading on a variety of projects of varying complexity, scale, environment, technical requirements and costs, which make him extremely experienced in the construction practices of this fast growing region.
In this presentation Jeff gives an introduction on the current situation of intelligent facades in China. He describes Arup’s approach to innovative and efficient building envelopes, showing exemplary case studies, such as the bioreactive facade that produces energy by harvesting micro-algae and other innovative systems.
The document discusses different types of waterproofing for buildings. It describes below grade waterproofing systems like cementitious coatings and liquid applied membranes. It also covers above grade waterproofing and roof waterproofing systems. Specific products are mentioned for different applications along with their properties and coverage rates. Key steps in the waterproofing application process include surface preparation through cleaning and repair, followed by installation of the waterproofing and providing protection.
This document summarizes a seminar on energy saving in green buildings. It discusses key concepts of green buildings such as reducing energy and resource consumption. It compares green buildings to conventional buildings and outlines tangible benefits like reduced operating costs and intangible benefits like environmental and health improvements. It also examines aspects of green building design like building orientation, envelope measures, lighting and renewable energy to reduce energy consumption. The presentation concludes that adopting green building practices can help reduce environmental impacts while providing human comfort in an eco-friendly way.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
This document discusses tunnel formwork systems, which is a mechanized construction method for building cellular structures efficiently. Tunnel formwork involves casting concrete walls and floors simultaneously using reusable tunnel-shaped molds. Key advantages include reduced construction time of one floor every 3 days, cost savings from fewer workers and repeated formwork use, and improved structural strength and earthquake resistance of the completed buildings. Case studies demonstrate tunnel formwork being used to construct high-rise residential towers in Atlanta and Pune more quickly and affordably than conventional construction methods.
Ferrocement is a special form of concrete where there is no coarse aggregate but cement mortar is reinforced with wire mesh to obtain higher strength and low weight.
This document discusses various common waterproofing methods used in construction, including cementitious waterproofing, liquid waterproofing membranes, bituminous membranes and coatings, and polyurethane liquid membranes. Cementitious waterproofing uses easily available cement-based materials and is commonly used internally, while liquid membranes form flexible rubbery coatings. Bituminous membranes are popular for low-sloped roofs and come in torch-applied and self-adhesive types. Polyurethane liquid membranes offer high flexibility but are more expensive and sensitive to moisture levels. The document provides details on the materials, applications, advantages and limitations of each method.
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a fluorine-based plastic. It was designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. ETFE is a polymer and its source-based name is poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene). ETFE has a relatively high melting temperature, excellent chemical, electrical and high-energy radiation resistance properties. When burned, ETFE releases hydrofluoric acid.
Patch fittings are ideal for frameless glass doors and allow for technically sound and visually attractive interior and exterior openings. They come in universal, ARCOS, and EA styles and accommodate various glass thicknesses from 3/8 to 3/4 inches. Universal fittings are standard and stock, while ARCOS fittings have an arc profile and EA fittings are slim with an advanced pivot design. Patch fittings provide architects flexibility in glass door designs.
Monolithic dome is rounded building made of four major building material airform,foam,stell rebars,concrete.It has proved its abilty in surviving earthquakes, tornadoes and some man hazards.It is best alternative to the conventional houses.
This document provides details on the application of an Industrialized Building System (IBS) for a student assignment to design a 100 square meter apartment unit using prefabricated components. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of IBS, presents a case study of an IBS apartment project, and outlines the tasks and methodology for the student design. The design will utilize precast concrete framing components like beams, columns, slabs, and staircases along with blockwork walls and a steel truss roof system.
The document discusses different types of tension structures and their key components. It describes tension roofs as structures that are only loaded in tension with no bending or compression forces. Common tension structures include suspended cable bridges, cable trusses, bicycle wheels, and fabric structures. The main materials used are structural fabrics like PTFE fiberglass, ETFE film, PVC, and ePTFE. Rigid elements such as masts, struts and arches are also used to support the flexible fabric membranes. Cables serve to reinforce large spans and edges and act as ties. High strength steel cables and laminated wood arches are common rigid materials.
This document discusses tensile structures, which are buildings that rely on tension in their components like cables and fabrics to bear loads. Tensile structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets. They have been used since ancient times. Some key advantages are their lightweight nature, flexibility, recyclability, and unique designs. Common types include saddle roofs, mast-supported structures, arch-supported roofs, and combinations of support types. Fabric, hardware, and structural elements are described. The document concludes with a workshop model demonstrating tensile structure principles.
GFRC is a lightweight, durable composite material made of Portland cement, fine aggregate, water, acrylic co-polymer, glass fiber reinforcement and additives. It results in a product with higher tensile strength than normal concrete that can be molded into various shapes, colors and textures. GFRC is approximately 75% lighter than traditional concrete and its internal reinforcement means no additional reinforcements are needed. It is used in construction applications such as buildings, cladding, landscaping, roofing, walls, windows, renovation, floors, foundations, modular buildings, acoustic barriers, bridges, tunnels and water/drainage systems due to its strength, low maintenance properties and moldability.
METHODS OF RETROFITTING EARTHQUAKE DAMAGESUmer Farooq
The primary purpose of earthquake retrofitting is to keep a home from being displaced from its concrete foundation. Retrofitting means making improvements to an existing building. The purpose is to make the building safer and less prone to major structural damage during an earthquake. Existing homes need to be retrofitted because our understanding of the effects of earthquakes as well as construction techniques have improved after the homes were built. The terms house bolting, foundation bolting and cripple wall bracing are often used synonymously with earthquake retrofitting
The document discusses different types of structural systems. It provides details on catenary arches, portal frames, space frames, domes, and folded plates. Catenary arches derive their shape from a hanging chain and are often used in kiln construction. Portal frames are commonly used for single-story industrial structures while space frames use triangulated struts to span large areas with few supports. Domes are classified into braced, ribbed, plate, network, lamella, and geodesic types. Folded plates combine slab and beam action to carry loads without additional beams.
SKF reported first quarter 2009 results with sales down 18.4% year-over-year due to a 26.9% decline in sales volume. SKF implemented restructuring programs that eliminated 3,000 positions and charged SEK 515 million to operating profit. Demand is expected to be slightly lower in the second quarter compared to the first quarter. SKF will focus on profit, cash flow, adjusting production levels, growing segments, and competence development.
Jeff Tsai is a Facacde Consultant and leads the Arup Shanghai team of building envelope specialists. He has over 23 years of experience in the construction industry and has been involved in projects all around the world, from design, testing, fabrication to site supervision and management of complex facade systems. For the last 15 years Jeff has worked in Asia, leading on a variety of projects of varying complexity, scale, environment, technical requirements and costs, which make him extremely experienced in the construction practices of this fast growing region.
In this presentation Jeff gives an introduction on the current situation of intelligent facades in China. He describes Arup’s approach to innovative and efficient building envelopes, showing exemplary case studies, such as the bioreactive facade that produces energy by harvesting micro-algae and other innovative systems.
The document discusses different types of waterproofing for buildings. It describes below grade waterproofing systems like cementitious coatings and liquid applied membranes. It also covers above grade waterproofing and roof waterproofing systems. Specific products are mentioned for different applications along with their properties and coverage rates. Key steps in the waterproofing application process include surface preparation through cleaning and repair, followed by installation of the waterproofing and providing protection.
This document summarizes a seminar on energy saving in green buildings. It discusses key concepts of green buildings such as reducing energy and resource consumption. It compares green buildings to conventional buildings and outlines tangible benefits like reduced operating costs and intangible benefits like environmental and health improvements. It also examines aspects of green building design like building orientation, envelope measures, lighting and renewable energy to reduce energy consumption. The presentation concludes that adopting green building practices can help reduce environmental impacts while providing human comfort in an eco-friendly way.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
This document discusses tunnel formwork systems, which is a mechanized construction method for building cellular structures efficiently. Tunnel formwork involves casting concrete walls and floors simultaneously using reusable tunnel-shaped molds. Key advantages include reduced construction time of one floor every 3 days, cost savings from fewer workers and repeated formwork use, and improved structural strength and earthquake resistance of the completed buildings. Case studies demonstrate tunnel formwork being used to construct high-rise residential towers in Atlanta and Pune more quickly and affordably than conventional construction methods.
Ferrocement is a special form of concrete where there is no coarse aggregate but cement mortar is reinforced with wire mesh to obtain higher strength and low weight.
This document discusses various common waterproofing methods used in construction, including cementitious waterproofing, liquid waterproofing membranes, bituminous membranes and coatings, and polyurethane liquid membranes. Cementitious waterproofing uses easily available cement-based materials and is commonly used internally, while liquid membranes form flexible rubbery coatings. Bituminous membranes are popular for low-sloped roofs and come in torch-applied and self-adhesive types. Polyurethane liquid membranes offer high flexibility but are more expensive and sensitive to moisture levels. The document provides details on the materials, applications, advantages and limitations of each method.
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a fluorine-based plastic. It was designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. ETFE is a polymer and its source-based name is poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene). ETFE has a relatively high melting temperature, excellent chemical, electrical and high-energy radiation resistance properties. When burned, ETFE releases hydrofluoric acid.
Patch fittings are ideal for frameless glass doors and allow for technically sound and visually attractive interior and exterior openings. They come in universal, ARCOS, and EA styles and accommodate various glass thicknesses from 3/8 to 3/4 inches. Universal fittings are standard and stock, while ARCOS fittings have an arc profile and EA fittings are slim with an advanced pivot design. Patch fittings provide architects flexibility in glass door designs.
Monolithic dome is rounded building made of four major building material airform,foam,stell rebars,concrete.It has proved its abilty in surviving earthquakes, tornadoes and some man hazards.It is best alternative to the conventional houses.
This document provides details on the application of an Industrialized Building System (IBS) for a student assignment to design a 100 square meter apartment unit using prefabricated components. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of IBS, presents a case study of an IBS apartment project, and outlines the tasks and methodology for the student design. The design will utilize precast concrete framing components like beams, columns, slabs, and staircases along with blockwork walls and a steel truss roof system.
The document discusses different types of tension structures and their key components. It describes tension roofs as structures that are only loaded in tension with no bending or compression forces. Common tension structures include suspended cable bridges, cable trusses, bicycle wheels, and fabric structures. The main materials used are structural fabrics like PTFE fiberglass, ETFE film, PVC, and ePTFE. Rigid elements such as masts, struts and arches are also used to support the flexible fabric membranes. Cables serve to reinforce large spans and edges and act as ties. High strength steel cables and laminated wood arches are common rigid materials.
This document discusses tensile structures, which are buildings that rely on tension in their components like cables and fabrics to bear loads. Tensile structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets. They have been used since ancient times. Some key advantages are their lightweight nature, flexibility, recyclability, and unique designs. Common types include saddle roofs, mast-supported structures, arch-supported roofs, and combinations of support types. Fabric, hardware, and structural elements are described. The document concludes with a workshop model demonstrating tensile structure principles.
GFRC is a lightweight, durable composite material made of Portland cement, fine aggregate, water, acrylic co-polymer, glass fiber reinforcement and additives. It results in a product with higher tensile strength than normal concrete that can be molded into various shapes, colors and textures. GFRC is approximately 75% lighter than traditional concrete and its internal reinforcement means no additional reinforcements are needed. It is used in construction applications such as buildings, cladding, landscaping, roofing, walls, windows, renovation, floors, foundations, modular buildings, acoustic barriers, bridges, tunnels and water/drainage systems due to its strength, low maintenance properties and moldability.
METHODS OF RETROFITTING EARTHQUAKE DAMAGESUmer Farooq
The primary purpose of earthquake retrofitting is to keep a home from being displaced from its concrete foundation. Retrofitting means making improvements to an existing building. The purpose is to make the building safer and less prone to major structural damage during an earthquake. Existing homes need to be retrofitted because our understanding of the effects of earthquakes as well as construction techniques have improved after the homes were built. The terms house bolting, foundation bolting and cripple wall bracing are often used synonymously with earthquake retrofitting
The document discusses different types of structural systems. It provides details on catenary arches, portal frames, space frames, domes, and folded plates. Catenary arches derive their shape from a hanging chain and are often used in kiln construction. Portal frames are commonly used for single-story industrial structures while space frames use triangulated struts to span large areas with few supports. Domes are classified into braced, ribbed, plate, network, lamella, and geodesic types. Folded plates combine slab and beam action to carry loads without additional beams.
SKF reported first quarter 2009 results with sales down 18.4% year-over-year due to a 26.9% decline in sales volume. SKF implemented restructuring programs that eliminated 3,000 positions and charged SEK 515 million to operating profit. Demand is expected to be slightly lower in the second quarter compared to the first quarter. SKF will focus on profit, cash flow, adjusting production levels, growing segments, and competence development.
The document discusses facilitating online courses and outlines the role of the online instructor as a director. It suggests that the instructor should guide students and ensure the online interactions and content from the course website proceed smoothly from beginning to end, while allowing students to play a leading role. The document uses a theatrical metaphor and outlines considerations for online instructors in 5 acts - having a visible online presence, setting clear expectations, providing prompts to guide students, keeping discussions active, and establishing etiquette and accountability.
This document lists the top 3 salespeople in terms of gross sales for an outsourcing company. Ana Cláudia Picaró Jones had the highest gross sales of 581 gigas in first place. Paulo Alexandre Francisco came in second with gross sales of 445 gigas. David César Gouveia Ramos placed third with gross sales of 442 gigas.
The document discusses innovation in integration, design, application, and events for communication and collaboration. It provides contact information for Peter Grosskopf, the business development leader for collaboration solutions at the company, including his name, title, phone number.
The document summarizes search engines in 2005 compared to 1998, noting the major players in 2005 with billions in annual revenues conducting over 400 million daily searches of indexes with 5-8 billion pages. In 1998, Infoseek was a major player but had a much smaller index of 60 million pages and competed as a portal rather than focusing solely on search. Underlying trends included exponential growth of index sizes, uncertainty around reported size metrics, and a shift toward online advertising. New developments included image, product, local, and personalized search capabilities as well as contextual search and desktop search tools.
This short document expresses gratitude and provides a website for more information. It does not contain much substantive content to summarize in 3 sentences or less.
- The document introduces Measured Success, a comprehensive online testing, assessment, certification and data management platform for applicants, employees, business partners and customers.
- It provides an overview of the platform's capabilities for creating, administering and scoring various types of online tests and assessments. Key features include item authoring tools, secure testing environments, automated scoring, and reporting dashboards.
- The platform aims to help organizations establish knowledge, skills and abilities through electronic testing and certification, which is more cost effective and faster than traditional paper testing.
The Great Depression worsened as businesses and banks failed, causing people to suffer and lose hope. When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected in 1932, Congress passed a series of New Deal acts to provide relief, jobs, and financial reform. While the Supreme Court struck down several acts as unconstitutional, the New Deal restored some hope and expanded the federal government's role, though it faced criticism from those opposed to large deficits and government expansion.
Artículo en la revista Actualidad Económica de mayo de 2016 en el que Pau A. Monserrat de iAhorro.com opina sobre los tipos de interés ultra bajos aplicados a los préstamos hipotecarios en aplicación de un Euribor en negativo.
The document discusses personal branding 2.0, focusing on understanding yourself and your passions, believing in your potential, and making a plan to share your unique talents and skills with others in an authentic way. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the current environment, working hard with passion and persistence, and maintaining a positive attitude focused on kindness and happiness.
The document discusses proposed changes to the BYU-Idaho Alumni Ambassador program. It suggests simplifying the focus to supporting new first-year students by serving as local contacts, hosting pre-arrival welcome events, and encouraging students to understand their stewardship responsibility. The program would be reorganized into regions, zones, and districts rather than by LDS stakes to better support prospective, admitted, and registered first-year students as they transition to BYU-Idaho.
Re Roofing Of Old Roofs Liquid Applied Membrane With Moisture Triggered Pol...ARIJIT BASU
The document discusses a new liquid applied membrane technology for re-roofing old roofs using moisture triggered polyurethane. It overcomes challenges with traditional re-roofing by bonding directly to existing bitumen layers and curing even in rain. Key benefits include easy and fast installation without flames, fully reinforced detailing, and a long life cycle making it cost effective compared to traditional methods. Case studies demonstrate its effectiveness in re-roofing congested areas and a leaky bitumen roof.
Dynamic Shells 2009 International P P S Large SizeMK
Dynamic Shells provides prefabricated housing solutions made from durable PVC materials. Their building system uses modular panels and connectors that allow structures to be assembled quickly and easily by unskilled laborers. Their lightweight, durable buildings meet international safety standards and can be used for housing relief in disaster or conflict areas as well as developing countries.
Filios Eleftherios, GREENSTRUCT, speaks about BIPV double façade modules and
thermochromic glass at the 'Innovative Technologies for EU Buildings Energy Retrofit and Deep Renovation' workshop hosted by RINNO and ENVISION.
Pressure Sensitive Tapes for Building and Construction Industry.
Leading self dhesive solutions that meet the needs and requirements of every sector within the Building and Construction Market.
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The Vision Building System is a stay-in-place vinyl formwork system that has been used successfully since the 1990s for a wide variety of building applications. It utilizes lightweight and modular PVC profiles that are assembled rapidly on site to form walls, replacing traditional wood or metal forms. The panels are then filled with concrete to create a finished structure that is durable, resilient, and long-lasting. The system provides advantages such as reduced waste and costs, as well as increased productivity, quality, and sustainability over traditional construction methods.
This document discusses building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and provides three key points:
1. BIPV represents an important part of future building design by integrating solar panels into construction materials like the roof or facades. This brings the construction and solar industries together with both challenges and opportunities.
2. BIPV products come in different forms like roof tiles, facade cladding, glazing, and thin film technologies that are well-suited for building integration. Key trends include prefabricated modules, colored/patterned facades, and solar glazing.
3. The potential for BIPV market growth lies in cost reductions, improved aesthetics, utilizing more of the technical potential for
Exploring Different Types of PVC Pipe Sleeves and Their Diverse Usespadmavatiengineering
we will take an in-depth look at different types of PVC pipe sleeves and their diverse uses, uncovering how these variations cater to specific needs within the construction landscape.
Topps Products manufactures liquid roofing systems for commercial and industrial buildings worldwide. Their flagship product, Topps Seal, is a synthetic rubber membrane that forms a seamless, all-weather protective coating. It offers strong moisture resistance, is easily maintained and repaired, and can save on energy costs by keeping rooftop temperatures lower. Case studies show that Topps Seal improves energy efficiency by allowing buildings to use smaller, less expensive air conditioning systems.
Manufactured for Architects, Building Owners, Facility Managers and Roofing Professionals who take their buildings, their business and their jobs seriously!
The twin wall technology is a precast concrete wall system that combines the speed of erection of precast concrete with the structural integrity of cast-in-place concrete. It consists of two precast concrete leafs separated by cast-in-place lattice girders. On the construction site, the precast wall units are placed, temporarily propped, then the gap is filled with concrete to form a solid, monolithic wall. The twin wall system provides structural reliability while allowing for faster construction compared to traditional cast-in-place walls.
Ekra Decor is corporation specialised in the plan and structure of lightweight worried tensile membrane structure and spaceframe structures, serving all over Indian markets.
This document discusses modern construction technologies including concrete walls and floors, precast cladding panels, precast flat panel systems, volumetric modules, twin wall technology, flat slabs, thin joint masonry, concrete formwork, and precast foundations. It provides details on the materials, benefits, and processes for each technology. Case studies are presented on concrete walls and floors that discuss their affordability, ease of maintenance, and other benefits. The conclusion states that modern construction technologies can provide higher quality, more sustainable homes built faster and with less waste than conventional methods.
This document discusses modern construction technologies including concrete walls and floors, precast cladding panels, precast flat panel systems, volumetric modules, twin wall technology, flat slabs, thin joint masonry, concrete formwork, and precast foundations. It provides details on the materials, benefits, and processes for each technology. Case studies are presented on concrete walls and floors that discuss their affordability, ease of maintenance, and other benefits. The conclusion states that modern construction technologies can provide higher quality, more sustainable homes built faster and with less waste than conventional methods.
Solar panel integration – vertical wall cladding la build expo 2015Bill Harris
The document discusses solar integration with building design. It provides examples of how solar panels were used to renovate the facade of a 40-year-old tower in Manchester, creating the largest vertical solar array in Europe. The solar panels generated enough power for 55 homes annually while weatherproofing and updating the building. The document argues that sustainable design should integrate trades like rainscreen technology and solar power. Specifiers need to work with architects and owners to specify these integrated solar and energy-efficient systems.
This document provides information on commercial roofing systems from XtraFlex. It discusses XtraFlex's commitment to green technology and sustainable manufacturing practices. The document includes descriptions of various XtraFlex roof system options like self-adhered, heat welded, mechanically attached, and liquid applied systems. Application instructions and benefits of XtraFlex systems are also summarized.
An innovative product (pre-fab construction panels) with loads of features to help build a green facility (residence, office, public utility, semi/permanent structure)
This document provides information about a company that provides roofing solutions. It was incorporated by professionals aiming to be a single point of contact for architects, consultants, and contractors for sourcing high-quality roof glazing systems. The company aims to become the most valuable and customer-oriented provider of advanced roofing solutions through a committed team focused on quality, innovation, engineering, and customer service. It offers various roofing products and services including skylights, tensile membrane structures, and takes total turnkey basis projects with fabrication and machinery capabilities.
This document discusses improving roof reliability. It establishes an international commission of roofing experts to gather information from different countries. Lessons can be learned from reliability engineering used in other industries. Historical examples show the importance of element redundancy and retaining knowledge. Present issues include problems with product substitution during construction and lack of proper contract documentation. The commission aims to develop best practices and "tenets of reliable roofing" to benefit building owners, designers, contractors and manufacturers.
Sika provides adhesives and sealants for automotive assembly lines to simplify processes and increase design flexibility. Their portfolio includes direct glazing systems, solutions for mixed material bonding, and products for trim part bonding and sealing. Sika partners with automakers and suppliers to develop innovative adhesive technologies that enable lighter, stronger, safer, quieter and more sustainable vehicles.
Similar to PVC Membrane Roofing Technology 250708 (3) (20)
1. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Key words: roofing, synthetic membrane, PVC, single ply roofing, thermoplastic.
Abstract:
Construction industry in India has been at its all time high growth rate for past couple of years.
The growth is in all walks of construction world, be it infrastructure, industrial or residential. This
exponential growth has also thrown a few challenges at the construction professionals all across
India which has motivated them to look at newer approaches to tackle such challenges.
Waterproofing (including roofing) has seen two distinct changes in approaches in the recent
times:
# New technologies (Design driven)
# New concepts (Construction driven)
Introduction of synthetic membrane roofing systems in India is one such step forward towards this
new approach in terms of technology and concept.
With a high end, state of the art technology like PVC membrane based waterproofing and roofing
systems, there can be serious value additions where conventional systems found to be less
equipped to handle the higher demands like in the following typical applications;
• case of re roofing of old bituminous and tiled roofs,
• metal deck applications,
• roof gardens,
• energy savings in buildings and green building requirements (LEEDS approved) from
roofing materials
In short, this means that this state of the art technology now provides the construction world with
a solution which has evolved by taking care of such requirements and hence can be looked at as
an option when conventional treatments give lesser performance.
Author biography:
Arijit Basu is a marketing professional with more than 10 years of cross functional experience in
the field of construction chemicals in Indian market. He has been instrumental in new technology
introduction and concept selling for entire part of his career. He has been associated with the
Swiss multi national SIKA AG as Corporate Market Field Manager responsible for
Waterproofing/Roofing/Sealing-Bonding business in India. His core competence in strategic
marketing, business communication and presentations and his track record of introducing and
successfully establishing new technologies in competitive market have been appreciated and
recognized in the industry.
He is a Bachelor in Science with Chemistry Major and also a Post Graduate Diploma holder in
Business Management. But his biggest strength is what he has learnt ‘hands on’ over the years.
He is a thorough professional with clear vision and also a person who comes across friendly and
easy to approach. He loves reading, music, fishing and spending quality time with his family.
2. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Introduction:
Construction industry in India has been at its all time high growth rate for past couple of years.
The growth is in all walks of construction world, be it infrastructure, industrial or residential. This
exponential growth has also thrown a few challenges at the construction professionals all across
India which has motivated them to look at newer approaches to tackle such challenges.
In this paper, an effort has been put together to share such developments and to discuss on the
new approaches in waterproofing with a special emphasis on the state of the technology of
synthetic membrane (PVC) roofing systems.
Why new approach?
Today, we are challenging the depths as well as the heights and creating structures with
innovative designs and extended durability. What we are looking for in our methods and practices
adopted to create such challenging structures are:
# Speed of construction (time is money)
# Security in terms of performance (risk control)
# Minimum maintenance (life cycle cost analysis)
# Economy (best return on investment)
# Warranty (assurance of durability – proven technology)
To achieve these mutually opposing pre-requisites, construction world has felt the need for new
approaches and systems in terms of technology and concepts. Waterproofing, being one of the
key factors for the durability of structures, has also seen a lot of changes with new technology
introduction and conceptual changes.
What are the new approaches?
Waterproofing (including roofing) has seen two distinct changes in approaches in the recent
times:
# New technologies (Design driven)
# New concepts (Construction driven)
Introduction of synthetic membrane roofing systems in India is one such step forward towards this
new approach in terms of technology and concept.
With a high end, state of the art technology like PVC membrane based waterproofing and roofing
systems, there can be serious value additions where conventional systems found to be less
equipped to handle the higher demands like in the following typical applications;
• case of re roofing of old bituminous and tiled roofs,
• metal deck applications,
• roof gardens,
• energy savings in buildings and green building requirements(LEEDS approved) from
roofing materials
3. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
In short, this means that this state of the art technology now provides the construction world with
a solution which has evolved by taking care of such requirements and hence can be looked at as
an option when conventional treatments give lesser performance. However, this does not
necessarily mean that the existing waterproofing technologies will not deliver under situations
which demands less performance criteria out of such applications.
Introduction to PVC based roofing systems:
Background:
The history of roofing market in India is pre dominantly ruled by brick bat coba and bituminous
coatings and membranes. There is also a shift towards spray applied liquid membranes like
acrylics, urethanes and polyurea. However, the challenge with new structures and state of the art
designs with higher exposure to atmosphere, has shown up the constraints and limitations
specially related to such conventional system which need to be dependent on the substrate
bonding for the long term performance.
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) roof membranes have the longest track record of any thermoplastic
membrane, with the first PVC-based systems installed in Europe in the early 1960s. The use of
PVC roofs continues to grow in the recent years all across the globe. According to RSI’s 2001
State of the Industry Report, more than 20% of the average roofing contactor’s volume was PVC,
particularly for exposed membrane application. Reinforced PVC roof membranes have many
important attributes that complement their proven track record and have spurred additional
growth. Besides the important feature of heat-welded seam technology, PVC or vinyl roof
membranes offer many other inherent features.
PVC: A history of performance
• a comprehensive history of product testing,
• an ability to be made in a spectrum of colors including reflective white,
• a high resistance to puncture and impact,
• an excellent resistance to flame exposure and subsequent fire propagation,
• proven durability against rooftop soiling and contamination, and
• good low-temperature flexibility and high-temperature tolerance.
These additional features include:
PVC roof membranes are very user friendly and are installed by a variety of attachment methods.
Vinyl roof membranes are aesthetically appealing and they provide excellent visual feedback of
workmanship for the applicator during and after installation.
4. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
To accomplish the welding, specialized, electrically-powered welding equipment that is either self-
propelled or handheld is used. These units operate on electricity and inject heated air into the seam
area, softening the membrane surfaces. A roller that is either hand-held or part of the self propelled
unit, presses the seam overlap together. As the welder moves away from a given seam location, the
membrane quickly cools down to ambient temperature and the heat weld (thermo fusion) is made,
providing a watertight bond.
Specifically, vinyl is “polyvinyl chloride.” PVC is a molecule comprised of carbon, hydrogen and
chlorine (taken from salt). As mentioned above, today’s reinforced vinyl membranes have a long
history of installations worldwide; many that were installed over 20 years ago are still performing
today. Vinyl membranes for roof applications were first developed in Germany and Switzerland in
the 1960s and arrived in North America in the 1970s. The use of vinyl membranes in low-slope
roofing has grown significantly and rapidly in North America ever since then. Vinyl membranes were
the first single ply roof products to obtain a standard designation, D4434, from the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D 4434 was published in 1985 and has been updated
several times since then.
The Thermoplastic Advantage:
Vinyl is the best known thermoplastic roof membrane. “Thermoplastic” means that when heated
sufficiently, the material temporarily changes from a solid to a semisolid state enabling the sheets or
panels that are overlapped to be fused together and return to a solid upon cooling, yielding one
continuous membrane. It is this feature that enables the seam overlaps of vinyl roof membranes to
be fused or heat welded together.
5. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Basics of PVC chemistry:
PVC has been industrially produced for over 60 years. It is one of the best-known innovative
synthetic polymers, with a consumption of over 30 million tons a year.
Worldwide, PVC is number three, behind polypropylene and polyethylene.In spite of continuously
stronger competition by other materials, PVC accounts for about 16.5% of the worldwide plastics
production. PVC has always kept pace with increasing demands – ecological, technological, and
economic – and it still has potential, so PVC applications will continue to develop in the future.
Taking the lead are the rapidly developing Asian countries with double-digit growth rates.
PVC is one of the best-researched of materials. The risks associated with manufacturing, use and
disposal are largely known and will continue to be minimized.
Under a new program, many vinyl membranes have the well-known Energy Star label from the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE). This
label assures the building owner that their roof membrane meets the energy saving specification of
the EPA and DOE.
Another significant benefit of vinyl roof membranes is their fire resistance. Vinyl membranes are
inherently self-extinguishing which enables them to perform exceptionally well in fire tests
undertaken at organizations such as Underwriters Laboratories and Factory Mutual, etc. and to
perform reliably in real-world flame exposure. In addition to fire resistance, vinyl membranes also
meet or exceed other industry performance standards that involve water leakage, puncture
resistance, hail resistance, wind-uplift resistance and so on.
The versatility of vinyl affords the membrane manufacturer many options when formulating for
enhanced chemical resistance, flexibility and/or tensile strength. Vinyl roof membranes have great
versatility of application. Vinyl roof membranes are usually mechanically-attached, adhered to the
insulation or other substrate or held in place with stone or concrete as ballast. Some vinyl roof
membranes are also offered in large prefabricated panels intended to reduce rooftop installation
time. In addition, vinyl membrane can be readily produced with “fleece cushion” backing (typically
polyester) that enables it to be installed over slightly rough surfaces and/or to be adhered with a
variety of adhesives.
In order to complement this versatility of application, vinyl roof membranes can be manufactured in a
variety of colors. This feature allows for the application of rooftop logos or multiple-color roofs. The
look of steep slope metal can also be simulated with a colored vinyl membrane.
Vinyl roof membranes also stand up exceptionally well to ponded rainwater, which often remains
despite efforts for positive drainage, and to a variety of typical rooftop contaminants, such as air
pollution, bird droppings, acid rain., etc.
Over a long period of time, vinyl roof membranes have earned the recognition of being a proven and
versatile thermoplastic for rooftop applications.
6. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Manufacturing:
Base materials for the production of PVC are petroleum and rock salt. As an intermediate
product, naphtha is produced from petroleum, and from this ethylene is produced by thermal
decomposition. Chlorine is electrochemically (alkali-chlorine electrolysis) produced from rock salt.
Vinyl chloride (VC) is produced from ethylene and chlorine at the proportion of 43% to 57%. A
new process for manufacturing VC from ethane is now being tested at the pilot scale.
VC is the monomer building block for manufacturing PVC (polyvinyl chloride). PVC is industrially
manufactured by polymerising VC through three different processes:
Emulsion polymerisation E-PVC
Suspension
polymerisation
S-PVC
Mass polymerisation M-PVC
These standard manufacturing processes for PVC influence chiefly the appearance – properties
such as grain size, grain shape, and grain porosity, which is decisive for the absorption of
plasticizers. The chemical nature of certain additives such as plasticizers, stabilisers, lubricants,
fillers, pigments, expanding agents, antistatic agents, flame protection additives, UV-stabilizers,
and others permanently affect the properties of the end product.
Characteristics:
PVC - Properties
Basis for the growth of the application possibilities is the outstanding properties of PVC, such as
functionality, cost-efficiency, and environmental friendliness in many industry areas and countless
applications:
PVC is a thermoplastic and is thus heat-formable, hot-air weldable, solvent weldable, and
high-frequency weldable.
PVC is ageing resistant, weather resistant, water and chemical resistant, wear resistant,
abrasion resistant, flame resistant, acoustically insulating, thermally insulating,
dimensionally stabile, impact resistant, and colour fast. It can be made glass-clear, it
allows many design possibilities, it is easy to print on, and it is suitable for a wide variety
of applications.
PVC is economical, robust, easy to care for, maintenance-free, and easy to form and
work with.
PVC is environmentally compatible, eco-efficient, recyclable, and it conserves resources.
Depending on whether plasticizers are added, PVC articles are either rigid or soft and flexible.
The material properties can be varied and optimized to suit specific applications by simple
changes of the recipe.
Vinyl roof membranes are manufactured by various methods, including extrusion, calendering,
laminating, extrusion coating, spread coating or a combination of the above. In all cases, however,
the finished vinyl roof membrane contains polyester or fiber glass reinforcement, vinyl resins, ultra-
violet light inhibitors, heat-stabilizers, biocides, pigments and plasticizers. Polyester reinforcement
imparts high tearing and breaking strengths needed for mechanically-fastened roofing systems.
7. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
E-PVC: fine grained Processed as a paste in spreading processes.
S-PVC: coarse
grained
Processed as dry-blend or granulate in calendar, extrusion, and injection
moulding processes.
M-PVC: coarse
grained
Processed as dry-blend or granulate in calendar, extrusion, and injection
moulding processes.
Recipe Components:
PVC: S, E, M-PVC depending on the processing method and application of the
end product.
Plasticizer: gives flexibility and softness
Stabilizer: gives heat and light resistance in processing and during service life
Pigments: Organic and inorganic pigments
Additives: Fillers, lubricants, flame retarding additives, anti-static additives, biocides.
etc.
The selection of PVC membrane, thus, is crucial to the success and long term performance of the
roofing system. The myth about PVC is generally that there is only one type, however, in reality
PVC is of several types based on the formulation used. The expertise and experience of the
membrane manufacturers play a very important role in establishing the right quality and
performance of the systems used by construction professionals.
What does it take to make a good roofing application:
Roofing applications will always be critical as it has to take care of many challenging
requirements like ultra violet exposure, wind uplift forces, substrate movement due to changing
temperature, rain fall, pollutants in the air, etc. etc.
It is thus, needed to understand that a good roofing will require:
# system design (roofing built up should be designed)
# system components (products + accessories = system)
# proven and tested (approvals, certificates, case studies, references)
# installation (equipment + quality control + hand skill)
# meaningful warranty (minimum maintenance roofing)
8. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Typical synthetic(PVC) roofing membrane applications:
Types of PVC membranes:
Non reinforced membranes are generally used for mechanically fastened roofing applications and
detailing areas. The usage of non reinforced PVC membranes are limited to non critical
applications on flat roofs. Non reinforced membranes are also not commonly used under higher
UV exposure as exposed applications (mostly used as concealed applications).
Reinforced membranes are generally reinforced with a special reinforcement in the form of either
glass fabric or polyester fabric. Glass reinforced membranes are higher in elongation and
Synthetic (PVC)
Roofing System
Fully
Adhered
Roof
Garden
Utility Deck
Mechanically
Fastened
Exposed
System
Protected
System
Synthetic (PVC)
Roofing
membranes
Non-reinforced
membranes
Reinforced
membranes
9. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
generally used for fully bonded applications with suitable adhesive in designed roofs, roofs with
special shape and geometry, gutter areas etc. The polyester reinforced PVC membranes are of
lesser elongation and suitable for mechanically fastened applications for large flat roof. The
reinforced membranes are having better dimensional stability.
However, please note that reinforcement is not a replacement for polymer thickness to achieve
desired membrane thickness. A good quality PVC membrane should possess a certified polymer
thickness. This should be given more priority than the commonly used ASTM nominal thickness
which allows negative variances of as much as 10%. When multiple manufacturers are specified,
a certified polymer thickness requirement establishes a more uniform basis of comparison.
Typical built up of PVC roofing installations:
# Concrete flat roof with mechanically fastened system with XPS insulation:
Horizontal Lay-out
1 R.C.C. Roof deck
2 Protective Screed
3 Geotextile (300 gm/m
2
)
4 Synthetic roofing membrane (PVC)
5 Fastener covered with PVC membrane
6 Hot air welding (Thermo fusion)
10. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Roof- Parapet Junction
1 R.C.C. Roof deck
2 Protective Screed
3 Geotextile (300 gm/m
2
)
4 Synthetic membrane (PVC)
5 U-Bar covered with PVC membrane
6 Synthetic membrane with adhesive
7 Sealant (PU)
11. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
# Concrete flat roof with full surface bonding application:
1 R.C.C. Roof deck
2 Protective Screed
3 Adhesive
4 Flet back PVC membrane
5 Hot air welding (Thermo fusion)
12. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
PVC roofing : a new approach
PVC roofing is not only a state of the art technology in roofing, but also brings a completely new
approach in roofing applications.
It is time that we look at roofing as an Investment. PVC roofing brings shear value additions for
the end users in terms of the following:
# long life expectancy (>30 years possible, better return on investment)
# higher energy efficiency (refer to the case study)
# self cleaning membranes with minimum maintenance (long term expenditure)
# challenging shapes and geometry (without sacrificing water tightness)
# re roofing solutions (without increasing dead load on the structure)
# aesthetics (logo, colour, metallic look, rib pattern etc.)
The major USP of PVC roofing in Indian context will be in the re roofing of the old bituminous and
tiles roofs. (please refer to the following pictures which are self explanatory):
13. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Also, PVC roofing is unique and outstanding for metal deck roofing which has the following
limitations:
# corrosion (specially under saline conditions)
# water leakage (from fastening points and overlaps)
# wind clattering and vibration (makes the metal deck joints vulnerable)
# high movement under temperature change
# heating up under UV exposure
# gutter areas (prone to water leakage)
With a PVC roofing system, suitably adopted for a metal deck based on the shape, geometry,
wind speed, UV exposure, etc., can solve the above limitations and provide an aesthetically
pleasing long term, durable waterproofing solutions. This is also why PVC membranes are also
popularly used on metal deck roofing in airports where the sound energy from the take off and
landing of the air crafts is an additional force which acts on the metal deck.
Before After
14. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Case Study : Energy savings with PVC membrane roofing
**Note: even a standard light grey PVC roofing membrane has 44% solar reflectance
White PVC**
15. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Findings -
Note: Even in a country like India where the summer is quite dominant in most part through out
the year, a roofing with a standard light grey colour PVC membrane (solar reflectance close to
44%) can provide a 6-8% energy savings for a 10000 sq.m facility with centralized air
conditioning.
In 2000, the U.S. Department of Energy and the
Environmental Protection Agency conducted a study
where a large retail store replaced a 100,000 sq. ft. black
EPDM roof with a white PVC roof.
The study confirms that the PVC roofing membrane reduced average
summer time air conditioning peak demand (1- 4pm) by 14 percent and
the total daily air conditioning energy usage by 11 percent.
Estimated the total annual air -conditioning savings to be US$7,200 or
7.2 cents per square foot.
16. “State of the art roofing systems:
PVC membrane roofing -- a new approach”
Arijit Basu, Sika India Pvt Limited
Conclusions:
Finally, it’s important and crucial to realize that for the success with waterproofing jobs, it’s not
just the technology which can only make it happen. Equally, if not more, important are the
construction practices to be adopted (including the design aspects) and the application at the job
site.
Hence it is also a necessity that in any waterproofing project, there is an interaction and team
work amongst the technology supplier, the design and construction teams along with the
specialized contractors (applicators).
One of the very basic ways of creating such team work and having a common understanding of
the job at hand is to create a more detailed and informative Bill Of Quantities (BOQ) incorporating
even the seemingly trivial issues like detailing and special applications.
References:
1. RSI (Roofing, Siding, Insulation) Jan 2001 publication
2. Technical manual (no. 5-805-14) on Roofing and Waterproofing, H.Q, Department of
Army, Washington D.C, 1
st
may 1993 public release.
3. “Whither PVC” by Dr.Ian Peggs, published in Geotechnical Fabrics Report’ Jan-Feb
1992.
4. Sika-Sarnafil Installation Manual
5. Durability of PVC Roofing Membranes - Proof by Testing After Long Term Field
Exposure, H.R. Beer, A.H. Delgado, R.M. Paroli, S.P. Graveline
6. Measured Energy Savings and Demand Reduction from a Reflective
Roof Membrane on a large retail store in Austin, US by M/s S. Konopacki and
H. Akbari of Heat Island Group, Energy Analysis Department, Environmental
Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June
2001
(This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies, of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under
contract No.DE-AC03- 76SFOO098)