Polarographic Analysis: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
Radioactivity:: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
4. Drug Clearance:
a) Theoretical aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
b) Renal Elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption. Determination of renal clearance.
c) Biotransformation of Drugs: Definition, drug biotransformation reactions, pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis Menten equation), hepatic elimination, first pass effect, liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bioavailability and liver excretion, hepatic clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance, hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
d) Biliary excretion of drug.
Conductometry: Principle, important laws, definition & relations, mobility of ions governing forces, applications. kohlrausch’s Law, apparatus and measurements, experimental details of conductometric titration, high frequency titration, application and limitations.
Potentiometry: Terminology, potentiometer, principle, various half cells & electrodes, relation pH to potential, types and curves of potentiometric titration, methods, applications and advantages
Radiochemical Methods of Analysis: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
Polarographic Analysis: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
Radioactivity:: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
4. Drug Clearance:
a) Theoretical aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
b) Renal Elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption. Determination of renal clearance.
c) Biotransformation of Drugs: Definition, drug biotransformation reactions, pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis Menten equation), hepatic elimination, first pass effect, liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bioavailability and liver excretion, hepatic clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance, hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
d) Biliary excretion of drug.
Conductometry: Principle, important laws, definition & relations, mobility of ions governing forces, applications. kohlrausch’s Law, apparatus and measurements, experimental details of conductometric titration, high frequency titration, application and limitations.
Potentiometry: Terminology, potentiometer, principle, various half cells & electrodes, relation pH to potential, types and curves of potentiometric titration, methods, applications and advantages
Radiochemical Methods of Analysis: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
Polarography: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
Define topology and explain different types of topologies of the network?
Explain error detection and error correction techniques?
Explain the flow control mechanism?
List of Research papers: Prof. Kishore Kothapalli, CSTAR, IIIT HyderabadSubhajit Sahu
Professor Kishore Kothapalli, CSTAR, IIIT Hyderabad
Ph.D (John Hopkins University, USA)
Research Areas:
- Multicore and many core algorithms (GPUs)
- Distributed algorithms
Email: kkishore[at]iiit[dot]ac[dot]in
Personal homepage: http://cstar.iiit.ac.in/~kkishore/
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
Polarography: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
Define topology and explain different types of topologies of the network?
Explain error detection and error correction techniques?
Explain the flow control mechanism?
List of Research papers: Prof. Kishore Kothapalli, CSTAR, IIIT HyderabadSubhajit Sahu
Professor Kishore Kothapalli, CSTAR, IIIT Hyderabad
Ph.D (John Hopkins University, USA)
Research Areas:
- Multicore and many core algorithms (GPUs)
- Distributed algorithms
Email: kkishore[at]iiit[dot]ac[dot]in
Personal homepage: http://cstar.iiit.ac.in/~kkishore/
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
Standardization of Acids and bases.
2. Determination of pKa and pKb values
3. Preparation of solutions of different pH & buffer capacities.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
Determination of distribution coefficients.
6. Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer’s Method.
7. Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature
(Van’t Hoff equation.)
A. Qualitative analysis of metal ions and acid radicals:
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Ag+, Mn+4, Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Mg+2, Al+3, Cu+2 and acid radicals CO3,
halides, Citrate
SO4-2, NO3-, SO3-2, etc.
B. Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulation:
1. Ca+2, from supplied preparations
2. Fe+2 from supplied preparations
3. Al+3 from supplied preparations
4. Mg+2 from supplied preparations
5. K+ from supplied reparations
6. Na+ from supplied preparations
C. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble
forms:
1. Na/ K – salicylate from salicylic acid
2. Na/ K – benzoate from benzoic acid
3. Na/ K – citrate from citric acid
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine MANIKanikImran Nur Manik
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction-different types of
alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution
of traditional drugs to modern medicines. Details of some common indigenous traditional drugs:
Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera,
Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
This document provides information about various lipids (fats and oils) obtained from plants and animals. It discusses the basic chemistry of lipids, describing them as esters of fatty acids and alcohols. Specific lipids are then outlined, including their source, composition, properties, and some uses. Key lipids discussed include olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, chaulmoogra oil, and beeswax.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. The term was introduced in 1815 and comes from Greek roots meaning "drug" and "knowledge." It involves the study of plants as potential drug sources from pre-historic use through various civilizations like Chinese, Babylonian, Egyptian, Indian, and Greek. Modern pharmacognosy has broad applications in medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries and offers career opportunities in academia, private industry, and government.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They play a vital role in life and include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a prevalent disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates serve important functions and some like glucose are used as nutrients. Tests can identify the presence of carbohydrates and their type.
The document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing plant compounds. It defines alkaloids and explains that they are difficult to define precisely due to overlapping properties with other amines. It then covers the distribution of various alkaloids in different plant parts, their chemical properties, pharmacological actions, classification based on ring structure, extraction methods, and chemical tests to identify alkaloids.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Students should calculate the time allotted per mark on their exam to help manage their time efficiently. For example, a 40 mark exam in 2.25 hours means each mark is worth 3 minutes and 22 seconds. Students should also practice solving previous years' exam questions and ensure they have the proper stationaries like pens, pencils, erasers and papers like admit cards for their exam. Proper preparation of time management and materials can help students complete their written exams successfully.
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
This document provides information about various resins and their combinations. It defines resins as amorphous products with complex chemical nature. Resins are classified into 5 groups based on their combinations: balsams, oleoresins, gum resins, oleo-gum resins, and glycoresins. The key chemical constituents of resins are discussed. Examples of commonly used resins like capsicum, ginger, cannabis are described along with their chemical constituents and uses.