Radioactivity:: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
Polarography: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
4. Drug Clearance:
a) Theoretical aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
b) Renal Elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption. Determination of renal clearance.
c) Biotransformation of Drugs: Definition, drug biotransformation reactions, pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis Menten equation), hepatic elimination, first pass effect, liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bioavailability and liver excretion, hepatic clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance, hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
d) Biliary excretion of drug.
Radioactivity:: Origin and nature of radioactive isotopes, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller, Scintillation and proportion counters, radio- activation analysis, isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radiometric titrations in pharmaceutical research.
Polarography: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current factor affection affusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications. plarographic maxima supprissor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte.
4. Drug Clearance:
a) Theoretical aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
b) Renal Elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption. Determination of renal clearance.
c) Biotransformation of Drugs: Definition, drug biotransformation reactions, pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis Menten equation), hepatic elimination, first pass effect, liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bioavailability and liver excretion, hepatic clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance, hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
d) Biliary excretion of drug.
The document discusses the history and development of a language. It notes that the language has evolved over time with influences from other languages and regions. As people migrated and cultures mixed, the language absorbed words and grammatical features from the other languages that people spoke. Over generations, this gradual adoption of new elements caused the language to transform significantly from its early origins into the form it exists in today.
The document discusses a Thai folk story titled "The Story of Phra Malai". It provides background on the story, describing how Phra Malai was a Buddhist monk who was known for his wisdom and virtues. The story tells of how Phra Malai helped villagers in need and taught them important life lessons through his kindness, compassion, and knowledge of the Buddhist teachings. It conveys the moral message of how practicing virtue, wisdom and helping others are the paths to living a meaningful life.
The document discusses the history and principles of communism in Vietnam. It explains that communism grew in Vietnam due to French colonial rule provoking Vietnamese nationalism. Key events included the founding of the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1930 with Ho Chi Minh as its leader, and the successful communist revolution in 1945 that established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. However, the country was then divided during the Vietnam War, with communist rule established in the north and a capitalist south backed by the United States. Communist principles of social equality and public ownership were implemented in northern Vietnam.
This document discusses strategies for summarizing long passages in a concise yet informative manner. It recommends identifying the most important details and key events, then conveying them in 3 sentences or less with a clear main idea and context. Proper summarization requires understanding the overall meaning and focusing on the essential elements, so that the summary accurately reflects the original content in a shortened form.
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