The solar system is composed of the sun, eight planets and their moons, and various space objects, formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago from a nebula following the Big Bang. Recent discoveries have identified a new solar system with seven Earth-like rocky planets orbiting a single star, suggesting the potential for supporting life. The document discusses the geological properties of planets in our solar system, ongoing explorations, and the importance of studying these celestial bodies to understand Earth better.